Hot-end constant temperature convection heat exchange type waste heat power generation device

Abstract

A hot-end constant temperature convection heat exchange type waste heat power generation device. The device consists of three modules: a constant temperature control module, a heat transfer power generation module, and a turbine power generation module. The constant temperature control module controls the hot-end temperature of the heat transfer power generation module; while generating electricity, the heat transfer power generation module brings heat energy to the turbine power generation module; the turbine power generation module converts the heat energy of the heat transfer power generation module into electrical energy. The heat transfer power generation module is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices. The single-tube heat transfer power generation device includes a heat transfer main structure, a hot-end module, and a cold-end module. Both the hot-end module and the cold-end module have two modes: thermovoltaic power generation and non-thermovoltaic power generation. The microprocessor in the constant temperature control module performs real-time control through the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor. The turbine power generation module adopts an ORC generator. The present invention adopts two comprehensive power generation modes, namely, thermovoltaic power generation and turbine-driven generator, to improve the comprehensive power generation efficiency, and adopts a hot-end constant temperature design to meet the constant temperature requirements of production equipment that requires constant temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to waste heat power generation, in particular to a hot end constant temperature convection heat exchange type waste heat power generation device. Background Art

[0002] Energy conservation and emission reduction is a basic national policy. In industrial production, there are often high energy consumption and large emissions, which leads to unsustainable production. Heat emission is one of the main emissions of industrial production. If the heat energy emitted by industry is converted into electrical energy, it will not only reduce heat emission and increase energy, but also play an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. It will also effectively mitigate the regional greenhouse effect and protect the natural environment. In recent years, there have been many studies on equipment and methods for using waste heat to generate electricity. The "A Dual-Fluid Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Power Generation Method, System and Generator" with application number 201910814017.3 adopts a double evaporation pressure waste heat boiler, recovers high-pressure steam through a high-pressure steam heat recovery system, and recovers low-pressure steam through a low-pressure steam heat recovery system, so as to realize the step-by-step recovery and utilization of steam waste heat, effectively utilize steam waste heat, and effectively improve the main steam parameters entering the turbine compared to a single evaporation pressure waste heat boiler, and improve the power generation efficiency of the turbine. The "Heat Recovery Coke Oven Waste Heat Power Generation System Based on Mother Pipe" with application number 201910992548.1 is based on the mother pipe setting to recover heat and recover coke oven waste heat. The above inventions all have a good energy recovery effect, but the existing problems are: the power generation form is single and the waste heat is not fully utilized; the temperature of the hot end is uncontrollable, and there are defects in the use of production equipment that requires constant temperature. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a waste heat power generation device which can fully utilize waste heat, has high comprehensive power generation efficiency, and has a constant temperature at the hot end, and does not cause any impact on the production equipment requiring a constant temperature.

[0004] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: the power generation device is composed of three modules: a constant temperature control module, a heat transfer power generation module, and a turbine power generation module. The constant temperature control module controls the temperature of the hot end of the heat transfer power generation module; the heat transfer power generation module brings heat energy to the turbine power generation module while generating electricity; and the turbine power generation module converts the heat energy of the heat transfer power generation module into electrical energy.

[0005] The heat transfer power generation module is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices.

[0006] The single-tube heat transfer power generation device consists of three parts: the heat transfer main structure, the hot end module, and the cold end module. A temperature sensor is installed on the hot end module. The cold end module is equipped with a hot working fluid outlet, a cold end module working fluid inlet, a cold working fluid inlet, a valve, and a valve actuator. The working fluid of the turbine power generation module flows in from the cold working fluid inlet, passes through the valve, and enters the cold end module working fluid inlet of the cold end module; the working fluid is heated in the cold end module, and the heated working fluid flows out from the hot working fluid outlet of the cold end module and is connected to the turbine power generation module; the valve actuator controls the opening and closing degree of the valve to control the working fluid flow.

[0007] The constant temperature control module includes a microprocessor, a temperature measurement module and a drive module. The temperature sensor output interface connects the temperature sensor connection line to the temperature measurement module. The temperature measurement module measures the temperature of the temperature sensor installation position through the signal transmitted by the temperature sensor, and transmits the temperature to the microprocessor. The microprocessor controls the flow rate of the hot working medium of the cold end module by controlling the opening and closing degree of the control valve of the single-tube heat transfer power generation device, thereby realizing real-time control of the temperature of the hot end module.

[0008] The turbine power generation module adopts an ORC generator; the working fluid output by the working fluid pump of the turbine power generation module ORC generator is input into the turbine cold working fluid input interface; the turbine hot working fluid output interface outputs the heated working fluid and is connected to the expander working fluid input interface of the ORC generator.

[0009] The heat transfer main structure is composed of an outer shell, an inner core, and a working medium. The outer shell is a closed cylindrical structure with a hollow cylindrical interior; the outer shell is made of metal material, and the inner core is made of metal wire mesh, and the inner core is close to the inner wall of the cylindrical hollow body inside the outer shell; the cylindrical hollow body inside the outer shell is filled with working medium, and the volume of the working medium is between 0.2 and 0.6 times the volume of the cylindrical hollow body inside the outer shell; after the working medium is loaded into the outer shell, vacuum is evacuated, and the outer shell is sealed by a fusion welding process.

[0010] The hot end module is welded at one end of the heat transfer main structure, which is called the hot end of the heat transfer main structure; the cold end module is welded at the other end of the heat transfer main structure, which is called the cold end of the heat transfer main structure.

[0011] The hot end module has two structures: a hot end module thermovoltaic power generation structure and a hot end module non-thermovoltaic power generation structure;

[0012] Non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure of hot end module: N fins are added to the hot end of the heat transfer main structure, the fins are disc-shaped, with a diameter larger than the outer diameter D of the outer shell cylinder, and there is a fin hollow area in the middle of the fin; the fin hollow area is circular, the center of the circle is the same as the center of the fin, and the diameter is equal to the outer diameter D of the outer shell cylinder; the fins pass through the fin hollow area and are welded to the outer shell of the hot end of the heat transfer main structure by fusion welding; there are gaps between adjacent fins; the disc plane where the fins are located is perpendicular to the outer shell axis of the heat transfer main body.

[0013] The hot end module thermovoltaic power generation structure consists of the hot end body, the thermovoltaic power generation hot end module, and the hot end heat transfer module:

[0014] The hot end body is a column with a regular octagonal cross section, and the middle of the column is hollowed out to form a hollow cylinder of the hot end body; the diameter of the hollow cylinder cross section circle is D; the hot end body 14 is made of metal material, and the hot end body hollow cylinder is installed in the outer shell of the hot end of the heat transfer body structure, and is welded to the heat transfer body structure at the hot end of the heat transfer body structure through a fusion welding process; there are 8 hot end body side surfaces on the outside of the hot end body, and the eight hot end body side surfaces are welded with thermovoltaic power generation modules.

[0015] The hot-end module of the thermovoltaic power generation is composed of multiple temperature difference power generation chips; the same number of temperature difference power generation chips are connected in series on each side of the hot-end body; the cold end of the temperature difference power generation chip of the thermovoltaic hot-end module is welded to the side of the hot-end body, and the hot end of the temperature difference power generation chip is welded to the hot-end heat transfer module.

[0016] The hot end heat transfer module consists of a hot end heat transfer base plate and m hot end heat transfer fins. The hot end heat transfer base plate is a metal flat plate with the same length and width as the side of the hot end body. The inner side of the hot end heat transfer base plate is welded to the hot end of the temperature difference power generation chip. The hot end heat transfer fins are isosceles trapezoidal metal copper plates. The upper base is the same width as the hot end heat transfer base plate, and the intersection of the two waists of the trapezoid passes through the axis of the hot end body. The plane where the hot end heat transfer fins are located is perpendicular to the axis of the hot end body and is welded to the outer side of the hot end heat transfer base plate at equal distances.

[0017] The cold end module has two structures: a cold end module non-thermal voltaic power generation structure and a cold end module thermal voltaic power generation structure; a module using a cold end module non-thermal voltaic power generation structure is called a non-thermal voltaic power generation cold end module; a module using a cold end module thermal voltaic power generation structure is called a thermal voltaic power generation cold end module.

[0018] The non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module is a tubular metal cylinder; the middle of the tubular metal cylinder is hollowed out into a cylindrical shape, called a cold end hollow cylinder; the cross-section diameter of the cold end hollow cylinder is D, which is the same as the outer diameter of the heat transfer main structure; the cold end of the heat transfer main structure passes through the cold end hollow cylinder of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module and is welded to the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module.

[0019] The top and bottom surfaces of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module are in the shape of a ring, and the outer side of the ring has a convex circular edge, the convex circular edge of the bottom surface is called the outer convex edge of the bottom surface, and the convex circular edge of the top surface is called the outer convex edge of the top surface; the inner side of the ring also has a convex circular edge, the convex circular edge of the bottom surface is called the inner convex edge of the bottom surface, and the convex circular edge of the top surface is called the inner convex edge of the top surface; the outer convex edge and the inner convex edge 23 are in the same plane; between the outer convex edge and the inner convex edge, there is an inwardly concave ring, called a concave layer, the concave layer of the bottom surface is called the bottom concave, and the concave layer of the top surface is called the top concave layer;

[0020] Between the bottom surface and the concave layer at the bottom of the top surface, there are convection holes, which are cylindrical perforations parallel to the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module. There are an even number of convection holes, and the axis of the convection holes is parallel to the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module. The axis of the convection holes takes the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module as the center and is evenly distributed on a circle with the average value of the outer diameter of the inner convex edge and the inner diameter of the outer concave edge as the diameter; the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate are respectively arranged at the top and bottom ends, and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate are connected with the top cover plate fluid interface and the bottom cover plate fluid interface.

[0021] The bottom cover plate and the top cover plate have the same shape and size, both are circular metal plates; the inner diameter of the bottom cover plate and the top cover plate is D, which is the same as the outer diameter of the heat transfer main structure; the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the outer convex edge. A cylinder is installed on the bottom cover plate, which is called the bottom cover plate fluid interface; a cylinder is installed on the top cover plate, which is called the top cover plate fluid interface; the top cover plate is welded and sealed with the outer convex edge of the top surface and the inner convex edge of the top surface; the bottom cover plate is welded and sealed with the outer convex edge of the bottom surface and the inner convex edge of the bottom surface.

[0022] The bottom cover plate fluid interface and the top cover plate fluid interface are connected to the fluid pipeline, and the fluid flows in from the bottom cover plate fluid interface of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module, passes through the convection holes, and flows out from the top cover plate fluid interface; or flows in from the top cover plate fluid interface of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module, passes through the convection holes, and flows out from the bottom cover plate fluid interface;

[0023] The thermovoltaic power generation cold end module is composed of a cold end body, a thermovoltaic power generation cold end module, and a cold end convection module.

[0024] The cold end body is a columnar body with a regular octagonal cross section, and the middle of the columnar body is hollowed out to form a hollow cylinder; the diameter of the hollowed-out hollow cylinder cross section circle is D; the cold end body is made of metal material; the hollowed-out hollow cylinder of the cold end body is installed in the outer shell of the cold end of the heat transfer main structure, and is welded to the heat transfer main structure through a fusion welding process; there are 8 cold end body side surfaces on the outside of the cold end body, and the eight cold end body side surfaces are welded with the thermovoltaic power generation cold end module;

[0025] The thermovoltaic power generation cold end module is composed of multiple thermoelectric power generation chips of the same model; each side of the cold end body is connected in series by the same number of thermoelectric power generation chips to form a thermovoltaic power generation cold end module; the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation chip of the thermovoltaic power generation cold end module is welded to the side of the cold end body, and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation chip is welded to the cold end convection module.

[0026] The cold end convection module is a metal cuboid, the length and width of which are the same as the length and width of the side of the cold end body, and the inner side surface which is the same size as the side surface of the cold end body is welded to the cold end of the temperature difference power generation chip.

[0027] The two planes perpendicular to the axis of the cold end convection module and the hollow cylinder of the cold end body are called the left side and the right side of the cold end; the left side and the right side of the cold end have concave rectangular grooves, respectively called the left side rectangular groove and the right side rectangular groove, and the protruding edges around the grooves are called the left convex edge and the right convex edge; the left side rectangular groove and the right side rectangular groove are equal in size, and their length and width are smaller than the length and width of the left side or the right side of the cold end.

[0028] There are covers on the left and right rectangular grooves, which are respectively called the left side cover and the right side cover. The left side cover and the right side cover have the same shape, which is a plate-shaped rectangle, and the size of the rectangle is equal to the left side or right side of the cold end convection module; they are made of metal materials; there is a right side connecting pipe opening in the middle of the right side cover, and there is a left side connecting pipe opening in the middle of the left side cover; the left side connecting pipe opening and the right side connecting pipe opening are cylindrical, and a circular hole is opened in the middle of the right side cover for welding the right side connecting pipe opening; a circular hole is opened in the middle of the left side cover for welding the left side connecting pipe opening; the right side cover is welded to the right convex edge of the cold end convection module; the left side cover is welded to the left convex edge of the cold end convection module.

[0029] There are several cylindrical module convection holes between the rectangular groove on the left side and the rectangular groove on the right side, and the axis of the module convection hole is parallel to the axis of the hollow cylinder of the cold end body; the module convection holes of the same cold end convection module are the same size, and the axis is located in the same plane; the axis forming plane is parallel to the side of the cold end body.

[0030] The fluid is connected to the pipe outlet from the left side, flows through the module convection holes, and is output from the pipe outlet from the right side; or it is connected to the pipe outlet from the right side, flows through the module convection holes, and is output from the pipe outlet from the left side.

[0031] The heat transfer power generation module is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices, and the single-tube heat transfer power generation devices have four configuration methods, namely: no thermovoltaic power generation mode, hot-end thermovoltaic power generation mode, cold-end thermovoltaic power generation mode, and double-end thermovoltaic power generation mode;

[0032] Non-thermal photovoltaic power generation mode: the hot end module adopts a non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure of the hot end module, and the temperature sensor is installed on the ribs; the cold end module adopts a non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure of the cold end module; the bottom cover plate fluid interface is the hot working medium outlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface is the cold end module working medium inlet; or the bottom cover plate fluid interface is the cold end module working medium inlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface is the hot working medium outlet;

[0033] Hot-end thermovoltaic power generation mode: The hot-end module adopts the hot-end module thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the hot-end heat transfer fins; the cold-end module adopts the cold-end module non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure, and the power output wire is led out from the thermovoltaic power generation hot-end module; the bottom cover plate fluid interface is the hot working fluid outlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface is the cold-end module working fluid inlet; or the bottom cover plate fluid interface is the cold-end module working fluid inlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface is the hot working fluid outlet;

[0034] Cold-end thermovoltaic power generation mode: the hot-end module adopts a hot-end module non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the ribs; the cold-end module adopts a cold-end module thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the power output wire is led out from the thermovoltaic power generation cold-end module; the fluid interface on the left side of the cold-end module is the hot working fluid outlet, and the fluid interface on the right side of the cold-end module is the cold-end module working fluid inlet; or the fluid interface on the left side of the cold-end module is the cold-end module working fluid inlet, and the fluid interface on the right side of the cold-end module is the hot working fluid outlet.

[0035] Double-end thermovoltaic power generation mode: the hot-end module adopts the hot-end module thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the hot-end heat transfer ribs; the cold-end module adopts the cold-end module thermovoltaic power generation structure; after the power supply of the thermovoltaic power generation cold-end module is connected in series with the power supply of the thermovoltaic power generation hot-end module, the power output wire is led out; the fluid interface on the left side of the cold-end module is the hot working fluid outlet, and the fluid interface on the right side of the cold-end module is the cold-end module working fluid inlet; or the fluid interface on the left side of the cold-end module is the cold-end module working fluid inlet, and the fluid interface on the right side of the cold-end module is the hot working fluid outlet.

[0036] The heat transfer power generation module is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices. The heat transfer power generation module has the following structure: the temperature sensor of each single-tube heat transfer device is connected to the temperature sensor output interface, and the temperature sensor output interface connects the temperature sensor connection line to the constant temperature control module; if it contains a thermovoltaic power generation module, the thermovoltaic power generation power supply output is connected to the thermovoltaic output power supply interface, and the thermovoltaic output power supply interface connects the thermovoltaic power supplies of the single-tube heat transfer devices in parallel and then outputs electrical energy to the outside; the heat transfer power generation module contains a valve control input interface, and the constant temperature control module connects the control line of the valve actuator to the valve control interface, and connects to the valve controller through the valve control interface; the turbine cold working fluid input interface of the heat transfer power generation module is connected to the turbine generator working fluid output interface, and is connected to the cold working fluid inlet of the single-tube heat transfer power generation device through a turbine tee; the turbine hot working fluid output interface of the heat transfer power generation module is connected to the turbine generator working fluid input interface, and is connected to the hot working fluid outlet of the single-tube heat transfer power generation device through a turbine tee.

[0037] R single-tube heat transfer power generation devices are provided, and R-1 turbine tees need to be connected to the turbine cold working medium input interface and the turbine hot working medium output interface respectively; the single-tube heat transfer power generation devices are numbered from far to near to the turbine power generation module, and are numbered as single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. 1, single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. 2, ..., single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. R-1, single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. R; the turbine tees of the turbine cold working medium input interface and the turbine hot working medium output interface are numbered from far to near to the turbine power generation module, and are numbered as turbine tee No. 1, turbine tee No. 2, ..., turbine tee No. R-2, and turbine tee No. R-1.

[0038] The turbine tee connection mode of the turbine cooling medium input interface is:

[0039] The three ports of the No. 1 turbine tee are respectively connected to the cold medium inlet of the No. 1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, the cold medium inlet of the No. 2 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, and one of the ports of the No. 2 turbine tee through pipe fittings; the three ports of the No. i turbine tee are respectively connected to the cold medium inlet of the No. i+1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, one of the ports of the No. i-1 turbine tee, and one of the ports of the No. i+1 turbine tee through pipe fittings; wherein, i is greater than 1 and less than R-1;

[0040] The three ports of the R-1 turbine tee are respectively connected to the cold working medium inlet of the R single-tube heat transfer power generation device, one of the ports of the R-2 turbine tee, and the turbine cold working medium input interface through pipe fittings;

[0041] The connection method of the turbine tee at the turbine hot working medium output interface is similar to that of the turbine tee at the turbine cold working medium input interface.

[0042] The cold end body is connected to eight cold end convection modules, and the connection relationship is as follows:

[0043] The eight cold end convection modules are numbered 1, 2, ..., 8 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship;

[0044] On the left side of the cold end convection module, there are 7 left cold end convection module tee pipe fittings, which are numbered No. 1, No. 2, ..., No. 7 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship; there are 8 left side surface connection pipe openings, which are numbered No. 1, No. 2, ..., No. 8 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship;

[0045] The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 1 left cold end convection module are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the No. 1 cold end convection module, the left side connecting pipe opening of the No. 2 cold end convection module, and one end of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 2 left cold end convection module through pipe fittings;

[0046] The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 2 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 3, one end of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 1, and one end of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 3 through pipe fittings;

[0047] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 3 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 4, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 2, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 4 through pipe fittings;

[0048] …

[0049] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 6 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 7, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 5, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 7 through pipe fittings;

[0050] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 7 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 8, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 6, and the left fluid interface of the cold end module through pipe fittings;

[0051] On the right side of the cold end convection module, there are 7 right side cold end convection module tee pipe fittings, which are numbered No. 1, No. 2, ..., No. 7 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship; there are 8 right side surface connection pipe openings, which are numbered No. 1, No. 2, ..., No. 8 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship;

[0052] The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 1 right cold end convection module are respectively connected to the right side surface connecting pipe opening of the No. 1 cold end convection module, the right side surface connecting pipe opening of the No. 2 cold end convection module, and one end of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 2 right cold end convection module through pipe fittings;

[0053] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 2 are respectively connected to the right side surface connection pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 3, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 1, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 3 through pipe fittings;

[0054] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 3 are respectively connected to the right side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 4, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 2, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 4 through pipe fittings;

[0055] …

[0056] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 6 are respectively connected to the right side surface connection pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 7, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 5, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 7 through pipe fittings;

[0057] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 7 are respectively connected to the right side surface connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 8, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 6, and the fluid interface on the right side of the cold end module through pipe fittings.

[0058] The left fluid interface of the cold end module is connected to one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module, and the right fluid interface of the cold end module is connected to one end of the three-way fitting of the right cold end convection module.

[0059] In the constant temperature control module, the microprocessor controls the process:

[0060] Assume that the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. 1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. 1 temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. 1 valve; the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. 2 single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. 2 temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. 2 valve; ...; the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. R-1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. R temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. R-1 valve; the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. R single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. R temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. R valve;

[0061] The first step is to set the initial parameters, which are: the maximum value Max(i) of the i-th temperature sensor, the minimum value Min(i) of the i-th temperature sensor, the flow value of increasing or decreasing the flow of the working fluid by one step; the initial state control of the i-th valve; (the value of i is 1-R);

[0062] Step 2: i=1;

[0063] Step 3: Read the temperature data T of the temperature sensor No. i;

[0064] Step 4: Determine whether T is greater than Max(i); if yes, control valve No. i to increase the working fluid flow rate by one step and go to step 6; if no, go to step 5;

[0065] Step 5: Determine whether T is less than Min(i); if yes, control valve No. i to reduce the working fluid flow rate by one step and go to step 6; if no, go to step 6;

[0066] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0067] (1) Adopting a comprehensive power generation mode of two power generation methods, namely, thermal power generation and turbine-driven generator, to give full play to waste heat energy and improve the comprehensive power generation efficiency;

[0068] (2) The hot end constant temperature design of this device can meet the constant temperature requirements of production equipment that requires constant temperature. For equipment that requires constant temperature production, this device will not cause any impact on production.

[0069] (3) Use phase change heat transfer to improve power generation efficiency by improving waste heat transfer efficiency BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] Figure 1 This is the overall structure diagram of the waste heat generator.

[0071] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-tube heat transfer power generation device.

[0072] Figure 3 It is a side view of the main heat transfer structure.

[0073] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the heat transfer main structure.

[0074] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the shell structure.

[0075] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure of the hot end module.

[0076] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the rib.

[0077] Figure 8 This is the front view of the hot end module of the thermovoltaic power generation.

[0078] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the hot end.

[0079] Fig.10 This is the front view of the hot end heat transfer template.

[0080] Fig.11 This is a side view of the hot end heat transfer module.

[0081] Fig.12 Front view of the cold end module non-thermal photovoltaic power generation design.

[0082] Fig.13 It is a cross-sectional view with the convection hole axis and the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module axis as the plane.

[0083] Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the bottom cover.

[0084] Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the top cover.

[0085] Fig.16 Front view of the design scheme for the cold end module thermovoltaic power generation

[0086] Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of the cold end body.

[0087] Fig.18 This is the left side view of the cold end convection module.

[0088] Fig.19 It is a cross-sectional view from the axial plane of the cold end convection hole.

[0089] Fig. 20 This is a schematic diagram of the left cover.

[0090] Fig.21 This is a schematic diagram of the right cover.

[0091] Fig. 22 Schematic diagram of the connection method of eight cold end convection modules on the same cold end body.

[0092] Fig.23 Schematic diagram of the heat transfer power generation module.

[0093] Fig.24 It is a structural diagram of the constant temperature control module.

[0094] Fig.25 Flowchart of the control microprocessor program.

[0095] In the figure, 1 is a constant temperature control module, 2 is a heat transfer power generation module, 3 is a turbine power generation module, 4 is a hot end module, 5 is a heat transfer main structure, 6 is a cold end module, 7 is a shell, 8 is an inner core, 9 is a working medium, 10 is an outer shell material, 11 is an inner cylindrical hollow body of the shell, 12-1, 12-2, ..., 12-N fins, 13 is a hollow area of ​​the fins, 14 is a hot end main body, 15-1, 15-2, ..., 15-8 is a hot end module for thermovoltaic power generation, 16-1, 16-2, ..., 16-8 is a hot end heat transfer module, 17 is a hot end main body hollow cylinder, 18-1, 18-2, ..., 18-8 is a hot end main body side, 19 is a hot end heat transfer bottom plate, 20, 20-1, 20-2, ..., 20-M is a hot end heat transfer rib sheet, 21 outer convex edge, 21-1, 21-2 bottom outer convex edge, 21-3, 21-4 top outer convex edge, 22 concave layer, 22-1, 22-2 bottom concave layer, 22-3, 22-4 top concave layer, 23 inner convex edge, 23-1, 23-2 bottom inner convex edge, 23-3, 23-4 top inner convex edge, 24-a, 24-b convection hole, 24-1, 24-2, ..., 24-K convection hole, 25 cold end hollow cylinder, 26 bottom cover plate fluid interface, 27 bottom cover plate, 28 top cover plate, 29 top cover plate fluid interface, 31 cold end body, 32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-8 thermovoltaic power generation cold end module, 33-1, 33-2, ..., 33-8 cold end convection module, 35 cold end main body hollow cylinder, 36-1, 36-2, ..., 36-8 cold end main body side, 40 convex edge, 40-1, 40-2 right side convex edge, 40-3, 40-4 left side convex edge, rectangular groove 41, 41-1 right side rectangular groove, 41-2 left side rectangular groove, 42-1, 42-2, ..., 42-7 module convection hole, 43 right side cover plate, 44-1, 44-2, ..., 44-8 right side connecting pipe opening, 45 left side connecting pipe opening, 45-1, 45-2, ..., 45-8 left side connecting pipe opening, 46 left side cover plate, 51-1, 51-2, ..., 51-8 left side cold end convection module three Pipe fittings, 52-1, 52-2, ..., 52-8 right side cold end convection module tee, 53 cold end module left side fluid interface, 54 cold end module right side fluid interface, 60 temperature sensor, 61 valve actuator, 62 valve, 63 hot working fluid outlet, 64 cold end module working fluid inlet, 65 cold working fluid inlet, 70-1, 70-2, ..., 70-R single tube heat transfer power generation device, 71 thermal volt output power supply interface, 72 temperature sensor output interface, 73 valve control input interface, 74 turbine cold working fluid input interface, 75 turbine hot working fluid output interface, 76-a, 76-b, 76-c, 76-d turbine tee, 80 microprocessor, 81 temperature measurement module, 82 drive module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0096] See attached Figure 1.

[0097] The device is composed of a constant temperature control module 1, a heat transfer power generation module 2, and a turbine power generation module 3. The constant temperature control module 1 controls the temperature of the hot end of the heat transfer power generation module 2; the heat transfer power generation module generates heat energy for the turbine power generation module 3 while generating electricity; the turbine power generation module converts the heat energy of the heat transfer power generation module into electrical energy.

[0098] See attached Figure 2 .

[0099] The heat transfer power generation module 2 is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices. The single-tube heat transfer power generation device is composed of three parts: a heat transfer main structure 5, a hot end module 4, and a cold end module 6. A temperature sensor 60 is installed on the hot end module 4; a hot working fluid outlet 63, a cold end module working fluid inlet 64, a cold working fluid inlet 65, a valve 62, and a valve actuator 61 are installed on the cold end module 6; the working fluid of the turbine power generation module 3 flows in from the cold working fluid inlet 65, passes through the valve 62, and enters the cold end module working fluid inlet 64 of the cold end module 6; the working fluid is heated in the cold end module 6, and the heated working fluid flows out from the hot working fluid outlet 63 of the cold end module and is connected to the turbine power generation module 3; the valve actuator 61 controls the opening and closing degree of the valve to control the working fluid flow rate. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor adopts the K-type armored thermocouple WRNK-191 produced by Yanli Automation Instrument (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. The valve is a Siemens valve, model: VVF40; the valve actuator is an electric hydraulic valve actuator produced by Siemens, model SKD62.

[0100] See attached Figures 3 to 5 .

[0101] The heat transfer main structure 5 is composed of an outer shell 7, an inner core 8, and a working medium 9; the outer shell is a closed cylindrical structure with a cylindrical hollow interior; the outer shell outer material 10 is a metal material, and copper is used in this embodiment. The inner core 8 is composed of a metal wire mesh, and stainless copper wire mesh is used in this embodiment. The inner core is close to the inner wall of the cylindrical hollow body 11 inside the outer shell; the cylindrical hollow body inside the outer shell is filled with working medium 9, and the volume of the working medium is between 0.2-0.6 times the volume of the cylindrical hollow body inside the outer shell.

[0102] The hot end module 4 is welded to one end of the heat transfer main structure 5 , which is called the hot end of the heat transfer main structure 5 ; the cold end module 6 is welded to the other end of the heat transfer main structure 5 , which is called the cold end of the heat transfer main structure 5 .

[0103] After the working medium is loaded into the shell, the shell is evacuated and sealed by a fusion welding process. In this embodiment, the working medium is water.

[0104] See attached Figure 6 , 7 .

[0105] The hot end module 4 has two structures: a hot end module thermovoltaic power generation structure and a hot end module non-thermovoltaic power generation structure.

[0106] Non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure of hot end module: ribs 12-1, 12-2, ..., 12-N are added to the hot end of the heat transfer main structure 5. The ribs are disc-shaped, with a diameter larger than the cylindrical outer diameter D of the outer shell 7, and there is a rib hollow area 13 in the middle of the ribs; the rib hollow area is circular, the center of the circle is the same as the center of the rib, and the diameter is equal to the outer diameter D of the outer shell cylinder; the ribs are welded to the hot end outer shell 7 of the heat transfer main structure through the rib hollow area by fusion welding technology; there are gaps between adjacent fins; the disc plane where the fins are located is perpendicular to the axis of the outer shell 7 of the heat transfer main body.

[0107] See attached Figures 8 to 11 .

[0108] The hot end module thermovoltaic power generation structure is composed of a hot end body 14, thermovoltaic power generation hot end modules 15-1, 15-2, ..., 15-8, and hot end heat transfer modules 16-1, 16-2, ..., 16-8. The connection between the heat transfer body structure and the hot end module is called the hot end of the heat transfer body structure, and the connection between the heat transfer body structure and the cold end module is called the cold end of the heat transfer body structure.

[0109] The hot end body 14 is a columnar body with a regular octagonal cross section, and the middle of the columnar body is hollowed out to form a hot end body hollow cylinder 17; the diameter of the hollow cylinder cross section circle is D; the hot end body 14 is made of metal material, and the hot end body hollow cylinder 17 is installed in the outer shell 7 of the hot end of the heat transfer body structure 5, and is welded to the heat transfer body structure 5 at the hot end of the heat transfer body structure 5 through a fusion welding process; there are 8 hot end body side surfaces 18-1, 18-2, ..., 18-8 on the outside of the hot end body 14, and the eight hot end body side surfaces are welded with thermovoltaic power generation modules.

[0110] Thermovoltaic power generation hot end modules 15-1, 15-2, ..., 15-8 are composed of a plurality of temperature difference power generation chips of the same model. This embodiment selects the temperature difference power generation chip produced by Hubei Saige Rui New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., model: TEG1-19913.

[0111] The same number of temperature difference power generation chips are connected in series on each side of the hot end body; the cold end of the temperature difference power generation chip of the hot end module is welded to the side of the hot end body, and the hot end of the temperature difference power generation chip is connected to the hot end heat transfer module.

[0112] The hot end heat transfer modules 16-1, 16-2, ..., 16-8 are composed of a hot end heat transfer bottom plate 19 and M hot end heat transfer fins 20-1, 20-2, ..., 20-M. The hot end heat transfer bottom plate 19 is a metal flat plate with the same length and width as the hot end main body side 18-1, 18-2, ..., 18-8. The inner side of the hot end heat transfer bottom plate is welded to the hot end of the temperature difference power generation chip. The hot end heat transfer fins are isosceles trapezoidal metal copper plates, the upper bottom is the same width as the hot end heat transfer bottom plate, and the intersection of the two waists of the trapezoid passes through the axis of the hot end main body; the plane where the hot end heat transfer fins are located is perpendicular to the axis of the hot end main body 14, and is welded to the outer side of the hot end heat transfer bottom plate at equal distances.

[0113] See attached Fig.12 —15.

[0114] The cold end module non-thermal voltaic power generation structure and the cold end module thermal voltaic power generation structure; the module using the cold end module non-thermal voltaic power generation structure is called the non-thermal voltaic power generation cold end module; the module using the cold end module thermal voltaic power generation structure is called the thermal voltaic power generation cold end module;

[0115] The non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module is a tubular metal cylinder; the middle of the tubular metal cylinder is hollowed out into a cylindrical shape, called the cold end hollow cylinder 25; the cross-section diameter of the cold end hollow cylinder is D, which is the same as the outer diameter of the heat transfer main structure 5; the cold end of the heat transfer main structure 5 passes through the cold end hollow cylinder 25 of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module and is welded to the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module.

[0116] The top and bottom surfaces of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module are in annular shape, and there is a protruding circular edge 21 on the outside of the annular shape, and the protruding circular edge of the bottom surface is called the bottom surface outer convex edge 21-1, 21-2, and the protruding circular edge of the top surface is called the top surface outer convex edge 21-3, 21-4; the inner circle of the annular shape also has a protruding circular edge 23, and the protruding circular edge of the bottom surface is called the bottom surface inner convex edge 23-1, 23-2, and the protruding circular edge of the top surface is called the top surface inner convex edge 23-3, 23-4; the outer convex edge 21 and the inner convex edge 23 are in the same plane; between the outer convex edge and the inner convex edge, there is an inwardly concave ring, which is called the concave layer 22, and the concave layer of the bottom surface is called the bottom surface concave 22-1, 22-2, and the concave layer of the top surface is called the top surface concave layer 22-3, 22-4;

[0117] Between the concave layer on the bottom and top surfaces, there are convection holes 24-a, 24-b, 24-1, 24-2, ..., 24-K, which are cylindrically perforated parallel to the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module. There are an even number of convection holes, and the axis of the convection holes is parallel to the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module. The axis of the convection holes is evenly distributed on a circle with the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module as the center and the average of the outer diameter of the inner convex edge and the inner diameter of the outer concave edge as the diameter. The cross section with the axis of one of the convection holes and the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module as the plane is as follows: Fig.13 .

[0118] The bottom cover plate 27 and the top cover plate 28 have the same shape and size, and are both circular metal plates; the inner diameter of the bottom cover plate and the top cover plate is D, which is the same as the outer diameter of the heat transfer main structure 5; the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the outer convex edge; a cylinder is installed on the bottom cover plate, which is called the bottom cover plate fluid interface 26; a cylinder is installed on the top cover plate, which is called the top cover plate fluid interface 29; the top cover plate 28 is welded and sealed with the outer convex edges 21-3, 21-4 of the top surface; and the inner convex edges 23-3, 23-4 of the top surface; the bottom cover plate 27 is welded and sealed with the outer convex edges 21-1, 21-2 of the bottom surface and the inner convex edges 23-1, 23-2 of the bottom surface.

[0119] The top cover plate 28 and the bottom cover plate 27 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the top surface and the bottom surface, and the top cover plate 28 and the bottom cover plate 27 are connected with a top cover plate fluid interface 29 and a bottom cover plate fluid interface 26 .

[0120] The bottom cover plate fluid interface 26 and the top cover plate fluid interface 29 are connected to the fluid pipeline, and the fluid flows in from the bottom cover plate fluid interface 26 of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module, passes through the convection holes 24-a, 24-b, 24-1, 24-2, ..., 24-K, and flows out from the top cover plate fluid interface; or flows in from the top cover plate fluid interface of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module, passes through the convection holes 24-a, 24-b, 24-1, 24-2, ..., 24-K and flows out from the bottom cover plate fluid interface 26.

[0121] See attached Figures 16 to 21 .

[0122] The thermovoltaic power generation cold end module is composed of a cold end body 31, thermovoltaic power generation cold end modules 32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-8, and cold end convection modules 33-1, 33-2, ..., 33-8.

[0123] The cold end body 31 is a columnar body with a regular octagonal cross section, and the center of the columnar body is hollowed out to form a hollow cylinder; the diameter of the hollowed-out hollow cylinder cross section circle is D; the cold end body is made of metal material, and copper is used in this embodiment. The hollowed-out hollow cylinder of the cold end body is installed in the shell of the cold end of the heat transfer body structure, and is welded to the heat transfer body structure through a fusion welding process; there are 8 cold end body side surfaces on the outside of the cold end body, and the eight cold end body side surfaces are welded with the thermovoltaic power generation cold end module.

[0124] Thermovoltaic power generation cold end modules 32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-8 are composed of multiple thermoelectric power generation chips of the same model. This embodiment selects the thermoelectric power generation chip produced by Hubei Saige Rui New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., model: TEG1-19913. Each side of the cold end body side is connected in series by the same number of thermoelectric power generation chips to form a thermovoltaic power generation cold end module; the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation chip of the thermovoltaic power generation cold end module is welded to the side of the cold end body, and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation chip is welded to the cold end convection module.

[0125] The cold end convection modules 33-1, 33-2, ..., 33-8 are metal cuboids, and in this embodiment, copper is used. The length and width of the cuboids are the same as the length and width of the cold end body side, and the inner side surface of the same size as the cold end body side is welded to the cold end of the temperature difference power generation chip.

[0126] The two planes perpendicular to the axis of the cold end convection module and the cold end main hollow cylinder 35 are called the cold end left side and the cold end right side; the cold end left side and the cold end right side have concave rectangular grooves 41, respectively called the left side rectangular groove 41-2 and the right side rectangular groove 41-1, and the protruding edges around the grooves are called the left side convex edges 40-3, 40-4, and the right side convex edges 40-1, 40-2; the left side rectangular groove 41-2 and the right side rectangular groove 41-1 are equal in size, and their length and width are smaller than the length and width of the left side or the right side of the cold end;

[0127] There are cover plates on the left and right rectangular grooves, which are respectively called the left side cover plate 46 and the right side cover plate 43. The left side cover plate 46 and the right side cover plate 43 have the same shape, which is a plate-like rectangle, and the size of the rectangle is equal to the left side or right side of the cold end convection module; they are made of metal materials; there is a right side connecting pipe opening 44 in the middle of the right side cover plate, and there is a left side connecting pipe opening 45 in the middle of the left side cover plate; the left side connecting pipe opening 45 and the right side connecting pipe opening 44 are cylindrical, and a circular hole is opened in the middle of the right side cover plate for welding the right side connecting pipe opening; a circular hole is opened in the middle of the left side cover plate for welding the left side connecting pipe opening; the right side cover plate 43 is welded to the right side convex edges 40-1, 40-2 of the cold end convection module; the left side cover plate is welded to the left side convex edges 40-3, 40-4 of the cold end convection module.

[0128] Between the rectangular groove on the left side and the rectangular groove on the right side, there are several cylindrical module convection holes 42-1, 42-2, ..., 42-7, the axis of the module convection holes is parallel to the axis of the hollow cylinder of the cold end body; the module convection holes of the same cold end convection module are the same size, and the axis is located in the same plane; the axis forming plane is parallel to the side of the cold end body.

[0129] The fluid is input from the left side connecting nozzle 45, flows through the module convection holes 42-1, 42-2, ..., 42-7, and is output from the right side connecting nozzle 44; or it is input from the right side connecting nozzle 44, flows through the module convection holes 42-1, 42-2, ..., 42-7, and is output from the left side connecting nozzle 45.

[0130] The connection method of eight cold end convection modules on the same cold end body is as follows Fig. 22 shown.

[0131] The eight cold end convection modules are numbered 1, 2, ..., 8 in sequence according to their adjacent relationship.

[0132] On the left side of the cold end convection module, there are 7 left cold end convection module tee pipe fittings 51-1, 51-2, ..., 51-7, which are numbered 1, 2, ..., 7 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship; there are 8 left side surface connecting pipe openings 45-1, 45-2, ..., 45-8, which are numbered 1, 2, ..., 8 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship;

[0133] The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 1 left cold end convection module are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the No. 1 cold end convection module, the left side connecting pipe opening of the No. 2 cold end convection module, and one end of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 2 left cold end convection module through pipe fittings;

[0134] The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 2 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 3, one end of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 1, and one end of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 3 through pipe fittings;

[0135] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 3 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 4, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 2, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 4 through pipe fittings;

[0136] …

[0137] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 6 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 7, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 5, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 7 through pipe fittings;

[0138] The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 7 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 8, one end of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 6, and the left fluid interface 53 of the cold end module through pipe fittings;

[0139] On the right side of the cold end convection module, there are 7 right side cold end convection module tee pipe fittings 52-1, 52-2, ..., 52-7, which are numbered 1, 2, ..., 7 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship; there are 8 right side surface connecting pipe openings 44-1, 44-2, ..., 44-8, which are numbered 1, 2, ..., 8 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship;

[0140] The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 1 right cold end convection module are respectively connected to the right side surface connecting pipe opening of the No. 1 cold end convection module, the right side surface connecting pipe opening of the No. 2 cold end convection module, and one end of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 2 right cold end convection module through pipe fittings;

[0141] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 2 are respectively connected to the right side surface connection pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 3, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 1, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 3 through pipe fittings;

[0142] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 3 are respectively connected to the right side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 4, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 2, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 4 through pipe fittings;

[0143] …

[0144] The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 6 are respectively connected to the right side surface connection pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 7, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 5, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 7 through pipe fittings;

[0145] The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 7 are respectively connected to the right side surface connection pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 8, one end of the tee pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 6, and the right fluid interface 54 of the cold end module through pipe fittings;

[0146] The left fluid interface 53 of the cold end module is connected to one end of the three-way pipe 51-7 of the left cold end convection module, and the right fluid interface 54 of the cold end module is connected to one end of the three-way pipe 52-7 of the right cold end convection module.

[0147] The heat transfer power generation module 2 is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices, and there are four configuration methods of the single-tube heat transfer power generation devices, namely: no thermovoltaic power generation mode, hot-end thermovoltaic power generation mode, cold-end thermovoltaic power generation mode, and double-end thermovoltaic power generation mode.

[0148] Non-thermal photovoltaic power generation mode: the hot end module adopts a hot end module non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the ribs; the cold end module adopts a cold end module non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure; the bottom cover plate fluid interface 26 is the hot working fluid outlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface 29 is the cold end module working fluid inlet; or the bottom cover plate fluid interface is the cold end module working fluid inlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface is the hot working fluid outlet.

[0149] Hot-end thermovoltaic power generation mode: the hot-end module adopts a hot-end module thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the hot-end heat transfer ribs; the cold-end module adopts a cold-end module non-thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the power output wire is led out from the thermovoltaic power generation hot-end module; the bottom cover plate fluid interface 26 is the hot working fluid outlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface 29 is the cold-end module working fluid inlet; or the bottom cover plate fluid interface is the cold-end module working fluid inlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface is the hot working fluid outlet.

[0150] Cold-end thermovoltaic power generation mode: the hot-end module adopts a hot-end module non-thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the ribs; the cold-end module adopts a cold-end module thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the power output wire is led out from the thermovoltaic power generation cold-end module; the fluid interface 53 on the left side of the cold-end module is the hot working fluid outlet, and the fluid interface 54 on the right side of the cold-end module is the cold-end module working fluid inlet; or the fluid interface on the left side of the cold-end module is the cold-end module working fluid inlet, and the fluid interface on the right side of the cold-end module is the hot working fluid outlet.

[0151] Double-end thermovoltaic power generation mode: the hot-end module adopts the hot-end module thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the hot-end heat transfer ribs; the cold-end module adopts the cold-end module thermovoltaic power generation structure; after the power supply of the thermovoltaic power generation cold-end module is connected in series with the power supply of the thermovoltaic power generation hot-end module, the power output wire is led out; the fluid interface 53 on the left side of the cold-end module is the hot working fluid outlet, and the fluid interface 54 on the right side of the cold-end module is the cold-end module working fluid inlet; or the fluid interface on the left side of the cold-end module is the cold-end module working fluid inlet, and the fluid interface on the right side of the cold-end module is the hot working fluid outlet.

[0152] See attached Fig.23 .

[0153] The heat transfer power generation module 2 is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices 70-1, 70-2, ..., 70-R. The heat transfer power generation module has the following structure: the temperature sensor of each single-tube heat transfer device is connected to the temperature sensor output interface 72, and the temperature sensor output interface 72 connects the temperature sensor connection line to the constant temperature control module 1; if it contains a thermovoltaic power generation module, the thermovoltaic power generation power output is connected to the thermovoltaic output power interface 71, and the thermovoltaic output power interface 71 connects the thermovoltaic power of the single-tube heat transfer device in parallel and then outputs electrical energy to the outside; the heat transfer power generation module contains a valve control input interface 73, the control line of the valve actuator of the constant temperature control module 1 is connected to the valve control interface 73, and is respectively connected to the valve controller through the valve control interface; the turbine cold working fluid input interface 74 of the heat transfer power generation module is connected to the turbine generator working fluid output interface, and is connected to the cold working fluid inlet of the single-tube heat transfer power generation device through turbine tees 76-a, ..., 76-c; the turbine hot working fluid output interface 75 of the heat transfer power generation module is connected to the turbine generator working fluid input interface, and is connected to the hot working fluid outlet of the single-tube heat transfer power generation device through turbine tees 76-b, ..., 76-d.

[0154] If there are R single-tube heat transfer power generation devices, then R-1 turbine tees need to be connected to the turbine cold medium input interface and the turbine hot medium output interface respectively; the single-tube heat transfer power generation devices are numbered from far to near from the turbine power generation module, and are numbered as single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. 1, single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. 2, ..., R-1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, and R single-tube heat transfer power generation device. From far to near from the turbine power generation module, the turbine tees of the turbine cold medium input interface and the turbine tees of the turbine hot medium output interface are numbered as turbine tee No. 1, turbine tee No. 2, ..., R-2 turbine tee, and R-1 turbine tee.

[0155] The turbine tee connection mode of the turbine cooling medium input interface is;

[0156] The three ports of the No. 1 turbine tee are respectively connected to the cold medium inlet of the No. 1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, the cold medium inlet of the No. 2 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, and one of the ports of the No. 2 turbine tee through pipe fittings; the three ports of the No. i (i is greater than 1 and less than R-1) turbine tee are respectively connected to the cold medium inlet of the No. i+1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, one of the ports of the No. i-1 turbine tee, and one of the ports of the No. i+1 turbine tee through pipe fittings;

[0157] The three ports of the R-1 turbine tee are respectively connected to the cold medium inlet of the R single-tube heat transfer power generation device, one port of the R-2 turbine tee, and the turbine cold medium input interface 74 through pipe fittings.

[0158] The connection method of the turbine tee at the turbine hot working medium output interface is similar to that of the turbine tee at the turbine cold working medium input interface.

[0159] The turbine power generation module adopts an ORC (Organic Rankine) generator. The embodiment adopts an ORC magnetic levitation generator produced by Guangzhou Panyu Suneng Cooling and Heating Equipment Co., Ltd., model: VWTWNC;

[0160] The working fluid output by the working fluid pump of the turbine power generation module ORC generator is input into the turbine cold working fluid input interface; the turbine hot working fluid output interface outputs the heated working fluid and is connected to the expander working fluid input interface of the ORC generator.

[0161] See attached Fig.24 .

[0162] The constant temperature control module includes a microprocessor 80, a temperature measurement module 81, and a drive module 82. The temperature sensor output interface connects the temperature sensor connection line to the temperature measurement module 81. The temperature measurement module measures the temperature of the temperature sensor installation position through the signal transmitted by the temperature sensor, and transmits the temperature to the microprocessor 80. The microprocessor controls the constant temperature control module in real time. The microprocessor obtains the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor of each single-tube heat transfer power generation device through the temperature measurement module.

[0163] The microprocessor determines whether the temperature inside the device is too high based on the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor of the single-tube heat transfer power generation device. If the temperature inside the device is too high, a control signal is sent to control the valve actuator connected to the single-tube heat transfer power generation device through the drive module. The valve is opened by controlling the actuator, and the flow rate of the working fluid flowing through the valve is increased; if the temperature inside the device is too low, the valve is closed by controlling the actuator, and the flow rate of the working fluid flowing through the valve is reduced.

[0164] In this embodiment, the temperature measurement module adopts Changzhou Jin Ai Lian Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., JK4000 multi-channel temperature recorder; the temperature data is transmitted to the microprocessor through the RS232 interface. Microprocessor: Nanjing Yanxu Electric Technology Co., Ltd. produces: YX-F2812A Supreme Board.

[0165] The digital output interface of the YX-F2812A Supreme Board can directly drive the SKD62 electric hydraulic valve actuator produced by Siemens, so no drive module is required.

[0166] One of the digital output interfaces of the YX-F2812A Supreme Board is connected to the valve plug retraction control signal of SKD62, and the other digital output interface is connected to the valve plug extension control signal of SKD62; when the control valve plug is extended, the flow rate of the working fluid passing through the valve can be increased; when the control valve plug is extended, the flow rate of the working fluid passing through the valve can be increased; when the control valve plug is retracted, the flow rate of the working fluid passing through the valve can be reduced.

[0167] In the constant temperature control module, the microprocessor controls the process:

[0168] Assume that the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. 1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. 1 temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. 1 valve; the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. 2 single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. 2 temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. 2 valve; ...; the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. R-1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. R temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. R-1 valve; the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. R single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. R temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. R valve;

[0169] The first step is to set the initial parameters, which are: the maximum value Max(i) of the i-th temperature sensor, the minimum value Min(i) of the i-th temperature sensor, the flow value of increasing or decreasing the flow of the working fluid by one step; the initial state control of the i-th valve; (the value of i is 1-R);

[0170] Step 2: i=1;

[0171] Step 3: Read the temperature data T of the temperature sensor No. i;

[0172] Step 4: Determine whether T is greater than Max(i); if yes, control valve No. i to increase the working fluid flow rate by one step and go to step 6; if no, go to step 5;

[0173] Step 5: Determine whether T is less than Min(i); if yes, control valve No. i to reduce the working fluid flow rate by one step and go to step 6; if no, go to step 6;

[0174] Step 6: i=i+1;

[0175] Step 7: Determine whether i is greater than R. If yes, go to step 2; if no, go to step 3.

Claims

1. A hot-end constant temperature convection heat exchange type waste heat power generation device, characterized in that: The device is composed of three modules: a constant temperature control module (1), a heat transfer power generation module (2), and a turbine power generation module (3); the constant temperature control module (1) controls the temperature of the hot end of the heat transfer power generation module (2); the heat transfer power generation module generates heat energy for the turbine power generation module (3) while generating electricity; and the turbine power generation module converts the heat energy of the heat transfer power generation module into electrical energy; The heat transfer power generation module (2) is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices; The single-tube heat transfer power generation device is composed of three parts: a heat transfer main structure (5), a hot end module (4), and a cold end module (6); A temperature sensor (60) is installed on the hot end module (4); a hot working fluid outlet (63), a cold end module working fluid inlet (64), a cold working fluid inlet (65), a valve (62), and a valve actuator (61) are installed on the cold end module (6); the working fluid of the turbine power generation module (3) flows in from the cold working fluid inlet (65), passes through the valve (62), and enters the cold end module working fluid inlet (64) of the cold end module (6); the working fluid is heated in the cold end module (6), and the heated working fluid flows out from the hot working fluid outlet (63) of the cold end module and is connected to the turbine power generation module (3); the valve actuator (61) controls the opening and closing degree of the valve to control the flow rate of the working fluid; The constant temperature control module comprises a microprocessor (80), a temperature measuring module (81), and a driving module (82); the temperature sensor output interface connects the temperature sensor connection line to the temperature measuring module (81); the temperature measuring module measures the temperature of the temperature sensor installation position through the signal transmitted by the temperature sensor, and transmits the temperature to the microprocessor (80); the microprocessor controls the opening and closing degree of the control valve of the single-tube heat transfer power generation device to control the flow rate of the hot working medium of the cold end module, thereby realizing real-time control of the temperature of the hot end module; The turbine power generation module adopts an ORC generator; the working fluid output by the working fluid pump of the turbine power generation module ORC generator is input into the turbine cold working fluid input interface (74); the turbine hot working fluid output interface (75) outputs the heated working fluid and is connected to the expander working fluid input interface of the ORC generator; The heat transfer main structure (5) is composed of an outer shell (7), an inner core (8), and a working medium (9); the outer shell is a closed cylindrical structure with a cylindrical hollow interior; the outer shell material (10) is a metal material, the inner core (8) is composed of a metal wire mesh, and the inner core is closely attached to the inner wall of the cylindrical hollow body (11) inside the outer shell; the cylindrical hollow body inside the outer shell is filled with the working medium (9), and the volume of the working medium is between 0.2 and 0.6 times the volume of the cylindrical hollow body inside the outer shell; after the working medium is loaded into the outer shell, the outer shell is evacuated, and the outer shell is sealed by a fusion welding process; The hot end module (4) is welded to one end of the heat transfer main structure (5), which is called the hot end of the heat transfer main structure (5); the cold end module (6) is welded to the other end of the heat transfer main structure (5), which is called the cold end of the heat transfer main structure (5); The hot end module (4) has two structures: a hot end module thermovoltaic power generation structure and a hot end module non-thermovoltaic power generation structure; The non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure of the hot end module: fins (12-1, 12-2, ..., 12-N) are added to the hot end of the heat transfer main structure (5); the fins are disc-shaped, with a diameter greater than the outer diameter D of the outer shell (7) cylinder, and there is a fin hollow area (13) in the middle of the fins; the fin hollow area is circular, the center of the circle is the same as the center of the fin, and the diameter is equal to the outer diameter D of the outer shell cylinder; the fins are welded to the outer shell (7) of the hot end of the heat transfer main structure through the fin hollow area by a fusion welding process; there are gaps between adjacent fins; the disc plane where the fins are located is perpendicular to the axis of the outer shell (7) of the heat transfer main body; The hot end module thermovoltaic power generation structure is composed of a hot end body (14), a thermovoltaic power generation hot end module (15-1, 15-2, ..., 15-8), and a hot end heat transfer module (16-1, 16-2, ..., 16-8): The hot end body (14) is a columnar body with a regular octagonal cross section, and the center of the columnar body is hollowed out to form a hot end body hollow cylinder (17); the diameter of the cross section of the hollow cylinder is D; the hot end body (14) is made of metal material, the hot end body hollow cylinder (17) is installed in the shell (7) of the hot end of the heat transfer body structure (5), and is welded to the heat transfer body structure (5) at the hot end of the heat transfer body structure (5) by a fusion welding process; the outside of the hot end body (14) has 8 hot end body side surfaces (18-1, 18-2, ..., 18-8), and the eight hot end body side surfaces are welded with the thermovoltaic power generation modules; Thermovoltaic power generation hot end modules (15-1, 15-2, ..., 15-8) are composed of a plurality of thermoelectric power generation chips of the same model; the same number of thermoelectric power generation chips are connected in series on each side of the hot end body; the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation chip of the thermovoltaic hot end module is welded to the side of the hot end body, and the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation chip is welded to the hot end heat transfer module; The hot end heat transfer module (16-1, 16-2, ..., 16-8) is composed of a hot end heat transfer bottom plate (19) and M hot end heat transfer fins (20-1, 20-2, ..., 20-M). The hot end heat transfer bottom plate (19) is a metal flat plate with the same length and width as the side surface (18-1, 18-2, ..., 18-8) of the hot end body. The inner side of the hot end heat transfer bottom plate is welded to the hot end of the temperature difference power generation chip. The hot end heat transfer fins are isosceles trapezoidal metal copper plates, the upper bottom is the same width as the hot end heat transfer bottom plate, and the intersection of the two waists of the trapezoid passes through the axis of the hot end body. The plane where the hot end heat transfer fins are located is perpendicular to the axis of the hot end body (14), and they are welded to the outer side of the hot end heat transfer bottom plate at equal distances. The cold end module (6) has two structures: a cold end module non-thermal voltaic power generation structure and a cold end module thermal voltaic power generation structure; a module using a cold end module non-thermal voltaic power generation structure is called a non-thermal voltaic power generation cold end module; a module using a cold end module thermal voltaic power generation structure is called a thermal voltaic power generation cold end module; The non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module is a tubular metal cylinder; the middle of the tubular metal cylinder is hollowed out into a cylindrical shape, which is called a cold end hollow cylinder (25); the cross-sectional diameter of the cold end hollow cylinder is D, which is the same as the outer diameter of the heat transfer main structure (5); the cold end of the heat transfer main structure (5) passes through the cold end hollow cylinder (25) of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module and is welded to the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module; The top and bottom surfaces of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module are in annular shape, and the outer side of the annular shape has a protruding circular edge (21), the protruding circular edge of the bottom surface is called the bottom surface outer convex edge (21-1, 21-2), and the protruding circular edge of the top surface is called the top surface outer convex edge (21-3, 21-4); the inner side of the annular shape also has a protruding circular edge (23), the protruding circular edge of the bottom surface is called the bottom surface inner convex edge (23-1, 23-2), and the protruding circular edge of the top surface is called the top surface inner convex edge (23-3, 23-4); the outer convex edge (21) and the inner convex edge (23) are in the same plane; between the outer convex edge and the inner convex edge, there is an inwardly concave annular ring, called a concave layer (22), the concave layer of the bottom surface is called the bottom surface concave (22-1, 22-2), and the concave layer of the top surface is called the top surface concave layer (22-3, 22-4); Between the concave layers of the bottom surface and the top surface, there are convection holes (24-a, 24-b, 24-1, 24-2, ..., 24-K), which are cylindrically perforated and parallel to the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module. The number of convection holes is even, and the axis of the convection holes is parallel to the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module. The axis of the convection holes is evenly distributed on a circle with the axis of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module as the center and the average value of the outer diameter of the inner convex edge and the inner diameter of the outer concave edge as the diameter; the top cover plate (28) and the bottom cover plate (27) are respectively arranged at the two ends of the top surface and the bottom surface, and the top cover plate (28) and the bottom cover plate (27) are connected to the top cover plate fluid interface (29) and the bottom cover plate fluid interface (26); The bottom cover plate (27) and the top cover plate (28) are of the same shape and size, and are both circular metal plates; the inner diameter of the circular ring of the bottom cover plate and the top cover plate is D, which is the same as the outer diameter of the heat transfer main structure (5); the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the outer convex edge; a cylinder is installed on the bottom cover plate, which is called the bottom cover plate fluid interface (26); a cylinder is installed on the top cover plate, which is called the top cover plate fluid interface (29); the top cover plate (28) is welded and sealed with the outer convex edge (21-3, 21-4) of the top surface and the inner convex edge (23-3, 23-4) of the top surface; the bottom cover plate (27) is welded and sealed with the outer convex edge (21-1, 21-2) of the bottom surface and the inner convex edge (23-1, 23-2) of the bottom surface; The bottom cover plate fluid interface (26) and the top cover plate fluid interface (29) are connected to the fluid pipeline, and the fluid flows in from the bottom cover plate fluid interface (26) of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module, passes through the convection holes (24-a, 24-b, 24-1, 24-2, ..., 24-K), and flows out from the top cover plate fluid interface; or flows in from the top cover plate fluid interface (29) of the non-thermal photovoltaic power generation cold end module, passes through the convection holes (24-a, 24-b, 24-1, 24-2, ..., 24-K), and flows out from the bottom cover plate fluid interface (26); The thermovoltaic power generation cold end module is composed of a cold end body (31), thermovoltaic power generation cold end modules (32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-8), and a cold end convection module (33-1, 33-2, ..., 33-8); The cold end body (31) is a columnar body with a regular octagonal cross section, and the center of the columnar body is hollowed out to form a hollow cylinder; the diameter of the hollow cylinder cross section is D; the cold end body is made of metal material; the hollow cylinder of the cold end body is installed in the outer shell of the cold end of the heat transfer body structure, and is welded to the heat transfer body structure through a fusion welding process; the outer side of the cold end body has 8 cold end body side surfaces, and the eight cold end body side surfaces are welded to the thermovoltaic power generation cold end module; The thermovoltaic power generation cold end module (32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-8) is composed of a plurality of thermoelectric power generation chips of the same model; each side of the cold end body is connected in series by the same number of thermoelectric power generation chips to form a thermovoltaic power generation cold end module; the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation chip of the thermovoltaic power generation cold end module is welded to the side of the cold end body, and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation chip is welded to the cold end convection module; The cold end convection modules (33-1, 33-2, ..., 33-8) are metal cuboids, the length and width of the cuboids are the same as the length and width of the side surfaces of the cold end body, and the inner side surfaces that are the same size as the side surfaces of the cold end body are welded to the cold end of the temperature difference power generation chip; Two planes perpendicular to the axis of the cold end convection module and the cold end main hollow cylinder (35) are called the cold end left side and the cold end right side; the cold end left side and the cold end right side have concave rectangular grooves (41), respectively called the left side rectangular groove (41-2) and the right side rectangular groove (41-1), and the protruding edges (40) around the grooves are respectively called the left side convex edges (40-3, 40-4) and the right side convex edges (40-1, 40-2); the left side rectangular groove (41-2) and the right side rectangular groove (41-1) are equal in size, and their length and width are smaller than the length and width of the cold end left side or the cold end right side; There are cover plates on the left and right rectangular grooves, which are respectively called the left side cover plate (46) and the right side cover plate (43). The left side cover plate (46) and the right side cover plate (43) are of the same shape, which is a plate-shaped rectangle, and the size of the rectangle is equal to the left side or right side of the cold end convection module. They are made of metal materials. There is a right side connecting pipe opening (44) in the middle of the right side cover plate, and there is a left side connecting pipe opening (45) in the middle of the left side cover plate. The left side connecting pipe opening (45) and the right side connecting pipe opening (44) are cylindrical. A circular hole is opened in the middle of the right side cover plate (43) for welding the right side connecting pipe opening. A circular hole is opened in the middle of the left side cover plate for welding the left side connecting pipe opening. The right side cover plate (43) is welded to the right side convex edge (40-1, 40-2) of the cold end convection module. The left side cover plate (46) is welded to the left side convex edge (40-3, 40-4) of the cold end convection module. Between the rectangular groove on the left side and the rectangular groove on the right side, there are several cylindrical module convection holes (42-1, 42-2, ..., 42-7), the axis of the module convection hole is parallel to the axis of the hollow cylinder of the cold end body; the module convection holes of the same cold end convection module are of the same size, and the axis is located in the same plane; the axis plane is parallel to the side of the cold end body The fluid is input from the left side connecting pipe port (45), flows through the module convection holes (42-1, 42-2, ..., 42-7), and then output from the right side connecting pipe port (44); or the fluid is input from the right side connecting pipe port, flows through the module convection holes (42-1, 42-2, ..., 42-7), and then output from the left side connecting pipe port.

2. The hot-end constant temperature convection heat exchange type waste heat power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat transfer power generation module (2) is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices, and the single-tube heat transfer power generation devices have four configuration methods, namely: no thermovoltaic power generation mode, hot-end thermovoltaic power generation mode, cold-end thermovoltaic power generation mode, and double-end thermovoltaic power generation mode; Non-thermal photovoltaic power generation mode: the hot end module adopts a hot end module non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the rib; the cold end module adopts a cold end module non-thermal photovoltaic power generation structure; the bottom cover plate fluid interface (26) is the hot working medium outlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface (29) is the cold end module working medium inlet; or the bottom cover plate fluid interface is the cold end module working medium inlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface is the hot working medium outlet; Hot-end thermovoltaic power generation mode: The hot-end module adopts the hot-end module thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the hot-end heat transfer fins; The cold end module adopts a non-thermal voltaic power generation structure, and the power output wire is led out from the thermal voltaic power generation hot end module; The bottom cover plate fluid interface (26) is the hot working medium outlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface (29) is the cold end module working medium inlet; or the bottom cover plate fluid interface is the cold end module working medium inlet, and the top cover plate fluid interface is the hot working medium outlet; Cold-end thermovoltaic power generation mode: The hot-end module adopts a non-thermovoltaic power generation structure of the hot-end module, and the temperature sensor is installed on the ribs; the cold-end module adopts a cold-end thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the power output wire is led out from the thermovoltaic power generation cold-end module; The fluid interface (53) on the left side of the cold end module is the outlet of the hot working medium, and the fluid interface (54) on the right side of the cold end module is the inlet of the working medium of the cold end module; or the fluid interface on the left side of the cold end module is the inlet of the working medium of the cold end module, and the fluid interface on the right side of the cold end module is the outlet of the hot working medium; Double-end thermovoltaic power generation mode: the hot end module adopts the hot end module thermovoltaic power generation structure, and the temperature sensor is installed on the hot end heat transfer fins; the cold end module adopts the cold end module thermovoltaic power generation structure; the power supply of the thermovoltaic power generation cold end module and the thermovoltaic power generation hot end module are connected in series, and the power output wire is led out; The fluid interface (53) on the left side of the cold end module is the outlet of the hot working medium, and the fluid interface (54) on the right side of the cold end module is the inlet of the working medium of the cold end module; or the fluid interface on the left side of the cold end module is the inlet of the working medium of the cold end module, and the fluid interface on the right side of the cold end module is the outlet of the hot working medium; The heat transfer power generation module (2) is composed of a plurality of single-tube heat transfer power generation devices (70-1, 70-2, ..., 70-R), and the heat transfer power generation module has the following structure: the temperature sensor of each single-tube heat transfer device is connected to the temperature sensor output interface (72), and the temperature sensor output interface (72) connects the temperature sensor connection line to the constant temperature control module (1); if a thermovoltaic power generation module is included, the thermovoltaic power generation power supply output is connected to the thermovoltaic output power supply interface (71), and the thermovoltaic output power supply interface (71) connects the thermovoltaic power supplies of the single-tube heat transfer devices in parallel and then outputs electrical energy to the outside; the heat transfer power generation module includes a valve control input interface (7 3), the control line of the valve actuator of the constant temperature control module (1) is connected to the valve control input interface (73), and is respectively connected to the valve controller through the valve control interface; the turbine cold working medium input interface (74) of the heat transfer power generation module is connected to the turbine generator working medium output interface, and is connected to the cold working medium inlet of the single-tube heat transfer power generation device through the first turbine tee (76-a, ..., 76-c); the turbine hot working medium output interface (75) of the heat transfer power generation module is connected to the turbine generator working medium input interface, and is connected to the hot working medium outlet of the single-tube heat transfer power generation device through the second turbine tee (76-b, ..., 76-d); If there are R single-tube heat transfer power generation devices, then R-1 turbine tees need to be connected to the turbine cold working medium input interface and the turbine hot working medium output interface respectively; the single-tube heat transfer power generation devices are numbered from far to near from the turbine power generation module, and are numbered in sequence as single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. 1, single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. 2, ..., single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. R-1, single-tube heat transfer power generation device No. R; the turbine tees of the turbine cold working medium input interface and the turbine tees of the turbine hot working medium output interface are numbered in sequence as turbine tee No. 1, turbine tee No. 2, ..., turbine tee No. R-2, turbine tee No. R-1; The turbine tee connection mode of the turbine cooling medium input interface is; The three ports of the No. 1 turbine tee are respectively connected to the cold medium inlet of the No. 1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, the cold medium inlet of the No. 2 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, and one of the ports of the No. 2 turbine tee through pipe fittings; the three ports of the No. i turbine tee are respectively connected to the cold medium inlet of the No. i+1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device, one of the ports of the No. i-1 turbine tee, and one of the ports of the No. i+1 turbine tee through pipe fittings, wherein i is greater than 1 and less than R-1; The three ports of the R-1 turbine tee are respectively connected to the cold medium inlet of the R single-tube heat transfer power generation device, one port of the R-2 turbine tee, and the turbine cold medium input interface (74) through pipe fittings; The connection method of the turbine tee of the turbine hot medium output interface is similar to that of the turbine tee of the turbine cold medium input interface; The cold end body is connected to eight cold end convection modules (33-1, 33-2, ..., 33-8), and the connection relationship thereof is as follows: The eight cold-end convection modules are numbered 1, 2, and 8 in sequence according to their adjacent relationship; On the left side of the cold end convection module, there are 7 left cold end convection module tee pipe fittings (51-1, 51-2, ..., 51-7), which are numbered 1, 2, and 7 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship; there are 8 left side surface connecting pipe openings (45-1, 45-2, ..., 45-8), which are numbered 1, 2, and 8 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship; The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 1 left cold end convection module are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the No. 1 cold end convection module, the left side connecting pipe opening of the No. 2 cold end convection module, and one end of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 2 left cold end convection module through pipe fittings; The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 2 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 3, one end of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 1, and one end of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 3 through pipe fittings; The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 3 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 4, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 2, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 4 through pipe fittings; …… The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 6 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 7, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 5, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 7 through pipe fittings; The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 7 are respectively connected to the left side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 8, one end of the tee pipe fitting of the left cold end convection module No. 6, and the left side fluid interface (53) of the cold end module through pipe fittings; On the right side of the cold end convection module, there are 7 right side cold end convection module tee pipe fittings (52-1 to 52-7), which are numbered 1, 2, ..., 7 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship; there are 8 right side surface connecting pipe openings (44-1 to 4-8), which are numbered 1, 2, ..., 8 in sequence according to the adjacent relationship; The three ends of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 1 right cold end convection module are respectively connected to the right side surface connecting pipe opening of the No. 1 cold end convection module, the right side surface connecting pipe opening of the No. 2 cold end convection module, and one end of the tee pipe fitting of the No. 2 right cold end convection module through pipe fittings; The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 2 are respectively connected to the right side surface connection pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 3, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 1, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 3 through pipe fittings; The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 3 are respectively connected to the right side connecting pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 4, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 2, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 4 through pipe fittings; …… The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 6 are respectively connected to the right side surface connection pipe opening of the cold end convection module No. 7, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 5, and one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 7 through pipe fittings; The three ends of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 7 are respectively connected to the right side surface connection pipe opening of the right cold end convection module No. 8, one end of the three-way pipe fitting of the right cold end convection module No. 6, and the right side fluid interface (54) of the cold end module through pipe fittings; The left fluid interface (53) of the cold end module is connected to one end of the three-way pipe fitting (51-7) of the left cold end convection module, and the right fluid interface (54) of the cold end module is connected to one end of the three-way pipe fitting (52-7) of the right cold end convection module.

3. The hot end constant temperature convection heat exchange type waste heat power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the constant temperature control module, the microprocessor controls the process: Assume that the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. 1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. 1 temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. 1 valve; the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. 2 single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. 2 temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. 2 valve; ...; the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. R-1 single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. R temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. R-1 valve; the temperature sensor corresponding to the No. R single-tube heat transfer power generation device is the No. R temperature sensor, and the corresponding valve is the No. R valve; The first step is to set the initial parameters, which are: the maximum value Max(i) of the i-th temperature sensor, the minimum value Min(i) of the i-th temperature sensor, the flow value of increasing or decreasing the flow of the working fluid by one step; the initial state control of the i-th valve; (the value of i is 1-R); Step 2: i=1; Step 3: Read the temperature data T of the temperature sensor No. i; Step 4: Determine whether T is greater than Max(i); if yes, control valve No. i to increase the working fluid flow rate by one step and go to step 6; if no, go to step 5; Step 5: Determine whether T is less than Min(i); if yes, control valve No. i to reduce the working fluid flow rate by one step and go to step 6; if no, go to step 6; Step 6: i=i+1; Step 7: Determine whether i is greater than R, if yes: go to step 2; No: Go to step 3.

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