Adaptive filling system capable of multi-stage pressure regulation and pressure regulation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses an adaptive filling system capable of multi-stage pressure regulation and a pressure regulation method thereof. The system includes a control module, a pressure relief module and an energy-consuming pressure reduction module connected sequentially to a filling pipeline between boreholes. The pressure relief module includes a pressure relief unit and a first bypass line connected in parallel to the filling pipeline. The energy-consuming pressure reduction module implements different levels of pressure reduction measures by connecting multiple stages of energy-consuming pressure reduction units and a second bypass line in parallel in the filling pipeline. Valves are provided on the pressure relief unit, the first bypass line, each stage of the energy-consuming pressure reduction unit, and the second bypass line. The control module obtains the location information of the mine in real time, and obtains the height difference between the filling preparation station and the mine based on the location information to obtain the residual pressure head P. The valves of each bypass line, the pressure relief unit, and the energy-consuming pressure reduction unit are controlled based on the residual pressure head P. The present invention can perform multi-stage automatic pressure regulation based on the residual pressure head of the mine, reducing failure phenomena such as pipe burst, excessive jet velocity at the outlet, and pipe blockage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mining technology, in particular to a self-adaptive filling system capable of multi-stage pressure regulation and a pressure regulation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Under current industrial technology, backfill mining maximizes production safety while also protecting the environment and improving ore recovery. Consequently, it is gaining increasing popularity in nonferrous, ferrous, and precious metal mines. Backfill mining utilizes pipelines to transport backfill slurry. Currently, backfill pipeline systems are typically constructed as a one-time process. Once constructed, the pipeline system passively transports the slurry and cannot adaptively adjust to the residual head.

[0003] For deep well and long-distance pipeline transportation, since the spatial position of the mining site is constantly changing as production progresses, the static pressure head of the slurry in the mining site that is horizontally close to the filling preparation station is much larger than the resistance loss of the slurry during pipeline transportation; and the static water head of the slurry in the mining site that is horizontally far from the filling preparation station is smaller than the friction resistance loss of the slurry during pipeline transportation.

[0004] When the vertical height of a deep mine is very high, the excessive pressure of the slurry can lead to "gas blowouts" from surface drill holes, severe vibrations in the stope pipelines, high slurry jet velocities, and the risk of bursting pipes in pipeline connectors, all of which affect the safety and quality of underground filling. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to reduce the pressure. Existing deep well decompression technologies mainly include node energy consumption decompression, pressure reduction pool decompression, and pipeline re-return decompression. Node energy consumption decompression achieves the goal of reducing the residual head by embedding node energy dissipation devices in the pipeline to achieve system energy consumption; pressure reduction pool decompression disconnects the pipeline system at a suitable location in the middle and releases the slurry into the pressure reduction pool. The slurry is re-mixed and transported, effectively reducing the static pressure head and achieving the goal of reducing the residual head.

[0005] However, current pressure reduction technologies can only adjust pressure according to the current pipeline system. Once the filling site changes, the residual head in the pipeline system (the difference between the static pressure head and the friction resistance loss is the residual head) will also change accordingly. If the residual head is too large, the pipeline transportation system will become unstable, and pipeline transportation system failures such as pipe burst and excessive jet velocity at the outlet will be prone to occur; when the residual head is negative, the pipeline system failure caused by pipe blockage is prone to occur.

[0006] The existing control system ensures accurate feeding and stable operation of the filling production process at the filling preparation station according to design requirements. It primarily provides automated metering for flowmeters, concentration meters, level gauges, and liquid level gauges at the filling preparation station. Control components primarily execute system commands, regulating filling material quality, material ratios, slurry preparation, and various equipment based on filling instructions and quality requirements. However, downhole pipelines are not integrated into the control system. Downhole decompression measures require manual operation, which is labor-intensive, poses high safety risks, and is inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This patent achieves automatic regulation of the filling pipeline pressure by adding a pressure relief module, a node energy consumption module, a valve, and a control module to the pipeline system. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0008] An adaptive filling system with multi-stage pressure regulation is provided. As the stope gradually deepens downward, a vertical segmented first-stage borehole, a second-stage borehole, and N-stage boreholes are formed. The adaptive filling system includes a control module, a pressure relief module and an energy-consuming pressure-reducing module connected to the filling pipes between the boreholes in sequence. The filling slurry passes through the pressure relief module and the energy-consuming pressure-reducing module during its flow along the boreholes and the filling pipes.

[0009] The pressure relief module includes a pressure relief unit and a first bypass line connected in parallel to the filling pipe. When pressure relief is not required, the filling slurry is transported through the first bypass line bypassing the pressure relief unit.

[0010] The energy-consuming decompression module realizes different levels of decompression measures by connecting multiple stages of energy-consuming decompression units and a second bypass line in parallel in the filling pipeline. When energy-consuming decompression is not required, the filling slurry is transported through the second bypass line bypassing the energy-consuming decompression unit.

[0011] Valves are provided on the pressure relief unit, the first bypass line, each level of energy-consuming and reducing pressure units, and the second bypass line. The control module obtains the location information of the mining site in real time, and obtains the height difference between the filling preparation station and the mining site through the location information to obtain the residual pressure head P. The valves of each bypass line, pressure relief unit and energy-consuming and reducing pressure unit are controlled to be on and off according to the residual pressure head P.

[0012] Preferably, if the residual pressure head P is lower than the set pressure threshold P1, the pressure relief unit in the pressure relief module is closed, and only the filling slurry is allowed to pass through the energy-consuming pressure relief unit to reduce the residual pressure head to a set range, wherein the pressure relief level is set according to the integer of P / ΔP, and the energy-consuming pressure relief unit of the corresponding level is selected to be opened according to the result;

[0013] If the residual pressure head P is higher than the pressure threshold P1, the pressure relief module is used to reduce the residual pressure head to P2 below the pressure threshold P1, and then the filling slurry is made to pass through the energy-consuming decompression module to reduce the residual pressure head P2 to a set range. The decompression level is set according to the integer of P2 / △P, and the corresponding level of energy-consuming decompression unit is selected to be opened according to the result.

[0014] Among them, each level of energy-consuming and decompressing unit includes at least one node energy-consuming device connected in series, and ΔP is the decompression pressure value of a single node energy-consuming device.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure relief unit includes a stirring tank and a buffer tank. An agitator is provided on the stirring tank. The filling pipe is connected to the stirring tank. The bottom of the stirring tank is connected to the buffer tank inlet through the filling pipe. The output of the buffer tank is connected to the filling pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the energy consumption and decompression unit uses a safety diaphragm, a buffer box, and a pressure-adjustable node energy consumption device to increase the local resistance loss. The safety diaphragm and the buffer box are prior art and will not be described in detail in the present invention. The method for setting the energy consumption and decompression level of the pressure-adjustable node energy consumption device disclosed in the present invention is as follows: if an energy consumption and decompression unit can consume △P i Energy, i is the corresponding level, that is, level I pressure reduction uses one node energy consumption device, level II pressure reduction uses two node energy consumption devices in series, and multi-level pressure reduction uses multiple node energy consumption devices in series.

[0017] Preferably, an accident cleaning module is also included, which includes a first accident pool and a second accident pool connected to the filling pipes at both ends of the energy-consuming and decompressing module. The filling pipes extend branches to connect to the first accident pool and the second accident pool. A valve I is installed on the branch connected to the first accident pool, and a valve F is installed on the branch connected to the second accident pool. A valve G is also provided on the filling pipe upstream of the first accident pool. A high-pressure fluid pipeline is also provided between the valve G and the energy-consuming and decompressing module. A valve H is installed on the high-pressure fluid pipeline. A pressure monitoring instrument is also provided between the high-pressure fluid pipeline and the energy-consuming and decompressing module. The control module is connected to each valve and the pressure monitoring instrument.

[0018] Preferably, the control module includes a PLC on-site control cabinet and a surface remote control module. The PLC on-site control cabinet is connected to each valve and pressure monitoring instrument. The surface remote control module is integrated into the DCS control system of the surface filling station. The on-off of the valves of the pressure relief module and the energy consumption and pressure reduction module is controlled by the PLC on-site control cabinet, and the status of the pressure relief module and the energy consumption and pressure reduction module is remotely monitored by the surface remote control module.

[0019] The present invention also provides a pressure regulating method for a filling system, using the above-mentioned adaptive filling system capable of multi-stage pressure regulation.

[0020] If the residual pressure head P is lower than the set pressure threshold P1, the pressure relief unit in the pressure relief module is closed, and only the filling slurry is allowed to pass through the energy-consuming pressure reduction module to reduce the residual pressure head to the set range. The pressure reduction level is set according to the integer of P / △P, and the energy-consuming pressure reduction unit of the corresponding level is selected to be opened according to the result;

[0021] If the residual pressure head P is higher than the pressure threshold P1, the pressure relief module is used to reduce the residual pressure head to P2 below the pressure threshold P1, and then the filling slurry is made to pass through the energy-consuming decompression module to reduce the residual pressure head P2 to a set range. The decompression level is set according to the integer of P2 / △P, and the corresponding level of energy-consuming decompression unit is selected to be opened according to the result.

[0022] Among them, each level of energy-consuming and decompressing unit includes node energy-consuming devices connected in series in increasing order, and ΔP is the decompression pressure value of a single node energy-consuming device.

[0023] Preferably, when a pipe blockage accident occurs in the energy-consuming and decompression module, valves F, A, and I are opened to discharge the filling slurry in the filling pipe into the first accident pool and the second accident pool. Then, valves A, I, and G are closed, and valve H on the high-pressure fluid pipeline is opened. High-pressure fluid is used to push the blocked slurry along the blocked energy-consuming and decompression unit to the second accident pool.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The control module obtains the residual pressure head in real time, and the energy-consuming decompression module and the pressure relief module are flexibly switched. The pressure relief module performs secondary stirring of the filling slurry through the stirring tank to prevent slurry segregation. The energy-consuming decompression module performs multi-stage automatic pressure adjustment according to the residual pressure head of the mine to prevent the filling pipeline from becoming unstable and reduce failure phenomena such as pipe burst, excessive jet velocity at the outlet, and pipe blockage.

[0026] (2) The pressure regulation is realized by the electric gate valve, which can quickly achieve the purpose of pressure regulation and save a lot of manpower and material resources;

[0027] (3) The accident cleaning module can predict the pipe blockage accident based on the pressure changes of the pressure monitoring device and automatically clean up the accident slurry;

[0028] (4) A multi-stage energy-consuming and decompressing unit is used in parallel. Each energy-consuming and decompressing unit is formed by a number of node energy-consuming devices connected in series, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing pressure on demand, and the node energy-consuming devices can be flexibly replaced.

[0029] (5) The node energy dissipation device with adjustable pressure adopts a short pipe with a small inner diameter and a wear-resistant layer. In actual use, the pipe length and inner diameter can be set according to the required energy consumption. Combined with the actual working conditions, several node energy dissipation devices can be connected in series to ultimately achieve the purpose of energy consumption on demand.

[0030] (6) The node energy dissipation device with adjustable pressure adopts groove joint connection, which is convenient for disassembly and installation, and can also play a role in shock absorption.

[0031] (7) The node energy dissipation device with adjustable pressure adopts a wear-resistant layer formed by a centrifugal casting process using alloy wear-resistant materials, which has a long service life and is not easy to fall off;

[0032] (8) Node energy dissipation devices can be embedded between horizontal pipes to reduce horizontal energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The above features and technical advantages of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand by describing its embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adaptive filling system capable of multi-stage pressure regulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure relief module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a node energy dissipation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a transverse cross-sectional view of a node energy dissipation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram showing that multiple node energy consumption devices and transmission pipelines are arranged in series at intervals according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following describes embodiments of the adaptive filling system with multi-stage pressure regulation and the pressure regulation method thereof according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the described embodiments may be modified in various ways or combinations thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims. Furthermore, throughout this specification, the drawings are not drawn to scale, and like reference numerals represent like parts.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, as production progresses, the stope gradually deepens downward, thereby forming vertically segmented first-level boreholes, second-level boreholes, and N-level boreholes. The adaptive filling system with multi-level pressure regulation includes a control module, a pressure relief module, and an energy consumption and pressure reduction module, wherein the pressure relief module and the energy consumption and pressure reduction module are sequentially connected to the filling pipes between the various levels of boreholes. The filling slurry passes through the pressure relief module and the energy consumption and pressure reduction module during its flow along the various levels of boreholes and the filling pipes. Figure 1 In the process, the pressure relief module is set at the upper end of the secondary borehole. The pressure relief module includes a pressure relief unit D1 and a first bypass line connected in parallel to the filling pipe. The pressure relief unit D1 includes a gate valve D, a mixing tank D11, and a buffer tank D13. An agitator D12 is installed on the mixing tank. The filling pipe is connected to the tank of the mixing tank. The bottom of the mixing tank D11 is connected to the buffer tank D13 through the filling pipe. The output of the buffer tank D13 is connected to the filling pipe. The pressure relief unit D1 is used to cut off the pressure of the filling pipe. The principle is that the high-pressure filling slurry enters the mixing tank D11 through the filling pipe. Due to the sudden expansion of the fluid operation space and exposure to the air, the pressure of the filling slurry is completely released. After the pressure is relieved, the filling slurry is stirred again by the agitator D12 and enters the buffer tank D13 through the filling pipe 10 connected to the lower part of the mixing tank D11. After buffering, it enters the filling pipe 10 and continues to be transported forward. Multiple pressure relief modules can be connected in sequence as needed to achieve the required system pressure. When pressure relief is not required, the filling slurry is transported through the first bypass pipeline to bypass the pressure relief module, and the electric gate valve E is used to control the on-off of the first bypass pipeline.

[0041] The energy consumption and pressure reduction module includes an electric gate valve and an energy consumption and pressure reduction unit. The energy consumption and pressure reduction module realizes different levels of pressure reduction measures by connecting multiple energy consumption and pressure reduction units in parallel in the filling pipeline, and realizes the purpose of pressure regulation by remotely controlling the opening and closing of corresponding valves through the control module. Figure 1As shown, a first-stage energy-consuming and decompressing unit 1, a second-stage energy-consuming and decompressing unit 2, and a second bypass line are connected in parallel on the filling pipeline 10. The first-stage energy-consuming and decompressing unit 1 is controlled on and off by an electric gate valve B, the second-stage energy-consuming and decompressing unit 2 is controlled on and off by an electric gate valve C, and the second bypass line is controlled on and off by gate valve A. The energy-consuming and decompressing unit refers to a node energy-consuming device installed in the filling pipeline to increase local resistance loss and effectively reduce the residual head. The energy-consuming device can be a flexibly removable and replaceable safety diaphragm, a buffer box (Wang Xinmin, Xiao Weiguo, Zhang Qinli, Deep Well Mine Filling Theory and Technology [M]. Changsha: Central South University Press, 2005), or an energy-consuming and anti-blocking valve (ZL 2016 2 0257499.9). The higher the pressure reduction level, the more energy-consuming devices are connected in series. For example, a first-level pressure reduction unit 1 is connected in series with one energy-consuming device, a second-level pressure reduction unit 2 is connected in series with two energy-consuming devices, and so on. For an N-level pressure reduction unit, there are N energy-consuming devices connected in series. Each pressure reduction unit has a gate valve installed on the pipeline to control the flow of the pipeline.

[0042] Preferably, the pressure-adjustable node energy dissipation device includes one or more node energy dissipation devices connected between the filling pipes, such as Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, a node energy dissipation device 12 is connected between two sections of filling pipes 10, and the filling pipe 10 includes a steel pipe 121 for conveying slurry. The node energy dissipation device 12 includes a steel pipe 121 and an ultra-strong wear-resistant layer 122 of the lining, which is formed into a solid combination through a centrifugal casting process and a self-propagating synthesis technology process. The node energy dissipation device 12 is connected between the filling pipes 10 through a connecting joint 11, which can be connected through a groove joint. For pressure bearing capacity exceeding a certain value (the pressure that the groove joint cannot withstand is generally above 15MPa, determined according to the actual working conditions of different mines), a traditional high-pressure flange connection can be used.

[0043] The grooved joint is primarily composed of a high-strength housing, a sealing ring, high-strength hexagon socket bolts, and spring washers. The housing includes a pair of semicircular rings, each with an annular clamping body 111 extending radially from both sides of the axial direction. Annular grooves 101 are provided on the outer walls of the steel pipe and the filling pipe. The semicircular rings are engaged, allowing the annular clamping bodies 111 to be embedded in their corresponding annular grooves 101. The semicircular rings are connected and fixed using hexagonal bolts and spring washers, connecting the node energy dissipation device to the filling pipe. Depending on actual requirements, the joint can be designed as a rigid or flexible joint, with the rigidity or flexibility of the joint adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the housing key to meet the requirements of different filling pipes. The joint is fixed directly to the housing using high-strength hexagon socket bolts, ensuring that the joint can withstand the high pressure within the pipe. The high-strength bolts also increase the rigidity of the joint-housing connection, thereby improving the bending moment that the joint can withstand. The sealing ring achieves a triple seal, ensuring the reliability of the joint seal.

[0044] When connecting with high-pressure flanges, the end of the node energy dissipation device must first be welded to the high-pressure flange, and then connected to the pipeline flange using no fewer than eight high-strength bolts. High-pressure flange connections and grooved joints are both mature technologies and will not be explained in detail here.

[0045] The wear-resistant layer 122 can be made of wear-resistant materials such as ceramic composite materials and bimetallic materials. Figure 3 It can be seen that the inner diameter of the node energy dissipation device 12 is d2. The inner diameter d1 of the filling pipe 10 is larger than the inner diameter d2 of the node energy dissipation device. The value d1 / d2 and the length L affect the decompression level of the node energy dissipation device.

[0046] The filling system relies on the weight of the slurry within the vertical pipe section to propel the slurry forward. During this forward flow, friction against the pipe wall creates resistance, dissipating power and balancing the system's energy. Pipeline resistance is related to factors such as pipe diameter, length, flow rate, and concentration. For situations where the residual head is excessive, increasing frictional resistance loss can effectively reduce the residual head and achieve system energy balance. Using the principle of localized pressure loss in pipelines, the relationship between pipeline hydraulic gradient and pipe diameter is shown in Formula 1:

[0047]

[0048] Where i is the hydraulic gradient, unit is Pa / m;

[0049] v is the slurry working flow rate, unit is m / s;

[0050] Q is the slurry flow rate, unit is m 3 / s;

[0051] λ is the drag coefficient along the path;

[0052] d is the inner diameter of the pipe through which the slurry flows.

[0053] For the node energy dissipation device, after determining its inner diameter d2, the hydraulic gradient i2 of the node energy dissipation device can be obtained according to Formula 1. According to the length L of the node energy dissipation device, its friction resistance loss can be determined. The formula for the friction resistance loss J is:

[0054] J=i2×L(3).

[0055] In addition, the ratio of the hydraulic gradient of the node energy consumption device 12 to the filling pipe 10 is

[0056]

[0057] i1 is the hydraulic slope of the filling pipe;

[0058] i2 is the hydraulic slope of the node energy consumption device;

[0059] d1 is the inner diameter of the filling pipe;

[0060] d2 is the inner diameter of the node energy dissipation device.

[0061] Formula 2 shows that the hydraulic gradient i is inversely proportional to the fifth power of the pipe diameter. Under the same conditions, reducing the pipe diameter can greatly increase the resistance; Formula 3 shows that the friction resistance loss is proportional to L. Under the same conditions, extending the pipe length can increase the resistance. Therefore, it can be seen that the purpose of increasing resistance can be achieved by reducing the inner diameter of the pipe and extending the length of the pipe. The inner diameter and length of the node energy dissipation device can be selected according to the hydraulic gradient of the filling pipe and the required friction resistance loss. It can also be determined by establishing a 1:1 pipeline transportation model, and for different working conditions, the inner diameter d2 and length L of the node energy dissipation device 12 are numerically simulated according to the rheological properties of the filling slurry used in the mine, and the energy consumption of the node energy dissipation device is quantitatively calculated to determine the inner diameter and length of the node energy dissipation device.

[0062] The wall thickness of the steel pipe 121 of the node energy dissipation device 12 should be calculated according to the pressure bearing capacity of the pipeline. To reduce costs, the wall thickness of the steel pipe 121 can be appropriately thickened and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 122 can be reduced.

[0063] For some filling pipes, one node energy consumption device 12 cannot meet the energy consumption demand, so the following methods can be used: Figure 5 As shown, several node energy consumption devices are connected in series between each section of the filling pipe according to the needs to achieve the purpose of series energy consumption. Each node energy consumption device can be connected in series between two sections of the filling pipe without any gap, or can be connected between multiple sections of the filling pipe at intervals.

[0064] The control module uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) to control the valves in the pressure-reducing module. A PLC local control cabinet connects to each gate valve and pressure monitoring instrument to control the opening and closing of each gate valve and monitor the pressure monitoring instrument. The PLC local control cabinet can be located near the pressure relief module and the energy-consuming pressure-reducing module. The surface remote control module can be integrated into the surface filling station's distributed control system (DCS) for remote monitoring. Furthermore, the control module obtains real-time information about the stope's location to determine the residual pressure head P based on the height difference between the filling preparation station and the stope. The module then determines the pressure of the residual pressure head P. If the residual pressure head P falls below a set pressure threshold, pressure relief unit D1 in the pressure relief module is closed, and only energy-consuming pressure reduction is used to reduce the residual pressure head to within a set range. The pressure reduction level is set based on the ratio P / ΔP, where ΔP represents the pressure reduction pressure of a single node energy-consuming device. The result determines which energy-consuming pressure-reducing unit to open or close. Preferably, the pressure reduction operation ceases when the residual pressure head reaches 0.

[0065] If the residual head pressure P exceeds the pressure threshold P1 (which varies from mine to mine), for example, 5 MPa, the pressure relief module's pressure relief unit D1 is activated, reducing the residual head pressure to below the pressure threshold P1, denoted as P2. Energy-consuming decompression is then used to reduce the residual head pressure to within a set range. Specifically, the decompression level is set based on the integer P2 / ΔP, and the result is used to select which energy-consuming decompression unit to open or close. Preferably, decompression ceases when the residual head pressure reaches 0.

[0066] By collecting the position information of the stope in real time through the above control module, the residual pressure head P can be obtained in real time, and a corresponding pressure reduction strategy can be adopted according to the residual pressure head P, so that the residual pressure head P can be reduced to a set range.

[0067] like Figure 1 The figure shows the matched use of the pressure relief module and the energy-consuming pressure reducing module. The operating condition is that the pressure relief module is installed at the upper mouth of the secondary borehole, and the pressure relief module is used to relieve the filling slurry pressure. As the production progresses, the mining field is further extended downward, and secondary pressure reduction is required. If the secondary pressure reduction can meet the pressure reduction demand by using the energy-consuming pressure reducing module, the energy-consuming pressure reducing module is installed at the lower mouth of the secondary borehole. The required pressure reduction value is achieved by controlling the valve corresponding to the corresponding pressure reduction level.

[0068] The pressure relief steps are as follows:

[0069] S1: Compare the residual pressure head P with the pressure threshold P1 to determine whether the system needs to be depressurized. If the residual pressure head P is greater than the pressure threshold P1, execute S2; if the residual pressure head P is less than the pressure threshold P1, execute T1;

[0070] S2: Keep valve A open and close valves B and C;

[0071] S3: Open valve D and close valve E;

[0072] S4: Start slurry delivery and start the stirring device of the pressure relief unit stirring tank at the same time until the pressure is relieved to less than the pressure threshold P1, close valve D, open valve E, and determine whether the residual pressure head is within the set range. If so, do not execute the decompression step. If not, execute T1.

[0073] The energy consumption and decompression steps are as follows:

[0074] T1: Select the decompression level based on the residual pressure head divided by △P and rounded up. The decompression levels are: no decompression, level I decompression, level II decompression, and level III decompression, level IV decompression, etc. can be added as needed;

[0075] T2: According to the pressure regulation level, a pressure regulation instruction is issued. For the sake of convenience, the following example is used to illustrate the pressure reduction level II. Figure 1 The following is a schematic diagram of the voltage regulation system, which includes the following steps:

[0076] T21: Issue voltage regulation level instruction;

[0077] T22: Close valve A and valve B;

[0078] T23: Open valve C;

[0079] T3: Complete voltage regulation.

[0080] Furthermore, it also includes an accident cleaning module, which includes an accident pool connected to the filling pipes at both ends of the energy consumption and pressure reduction module, specifically, a first accident pool 51 and a second accident pool 52. Figure 1 As shown, the filling pipe 10 extends out and branches into the first accident pool 51 and the second accident pool 52. A valve I is installed on the branch connected to the first accident pool, and a valve F is installed on the branch connected to the second accident pool 52. A valve G is also provided on the filling pipe upstream of the first accident pool 51, and a high-pressure fluid pipe 6 is provided between the valve G and the energy-consuming pressure-reducing module, on which a valve H is installed. A pressure monitoring instrument 4 is also provided between the high-pressure fluid pipe 6 and the energy-consuming pressure-reducing module, and the control module is connected to the pressure monitoring instrument 4. When a pipe blockage accident occurs in the energy-consuming pressure-reducing module, valves F, A, and I can be opened, and the filling slurry in the filling pipe can be discharged into the accident pool by using the filling pressure. Then, valves A, I, and G are closed, and valve H on the high-pressure fluid pipe 6 is opened. High-pressure fluid (which can be high-pressure air or high-pressure water) is used to push the blocked slurry along the blocked energy-consuming pressure-reducing unit into the second accident pool 52.

[0081] The steps for cleaning up an accident are:

[0082] S10: The pressure value of the pressure monitoring instrument is abnormal. The control module determines the pipe blockage accident based on the pressure value. When the pressure value exceeds the alarm pressure limit, it is determined to be a pipe blockage.

[0083] S20: The control module issues a pipe blockage accident warning and opens and closes the valve according to the above process to clean up the accident slurry;

[0084] S30: Analyze the pipe blockage accident. If it is caused by slurry flow problems, optimize the filling slurry flow state; if it is caused by node energy-consuming equipment problems, check and replace the node energy-consuming equipment;

[0085] S40: Complete the accident cleanup and continue filling.

[0086] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive filling system with multi-stage pressure regulation, where the stope gradually deepens downward to form vertically segmented first-stage drilling holes, second-stage drilling holes, and N-stage drilling holes, characterized in that: The adaptive filling system includes a control module, a pressure relief module and an energy consumption and pressure reduction module on the filling pipes connected in sequence between the boreholes. The filling slurry passes through the pressure relief module and the energy consumption and pressure reduction module during the flow along the boreholes and filling pipes at each level, wherein, The pressure relief module includes a pressure relief unit and a first bypass line connected in parallel to the filling pipe. When pressure relief is not required, the filling slurry is transported through the first bypass line bypassing the pressure relief unit. The energy-consuming decompression module realizes different levels of decompression measures by connecting multiple stages of energy-consuming decompression units and a second bypass line in parallel in the filling pipeline. When energy-consuming decompression is not required, the filling slurry is transported through the second bypass line bypassing the energy-consuming decompression unit. Valves are installed on the pressure relief unit, the first bypass line, each level of energy-consuming and reducing pressure units, and the second bypass line. The control module obtains the location information of the stope in real time, and obtains the height difference between the filling preparation station and the stope through the location information to obtain the residual pressure head P. The valves of each bypass line, pressure relief unit, and energy-consuming and reducing pressure unit are controlled to be on and off according to the residual pressure head P. The energy consumption and decompression unit adopts one of the following: a detachable safety diaphragm, a buffer box, and a pressure-adjustable node energy consumption device, wherein: The node energy dissipation device includes a steel pipe, a connecting joint and a wear-resistant layer lining the inner wall of the steel pipe. The inner diameter of the wear-resistant layer is smaller than the inner diameter of the filling pipe; the connecting joint is used to coaxially connect the node energy dissipation device and the filling pipe.

2. The adaptive filling system with multi-stage pressure regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the residual pressure head P is lower than the set pressure threshold P1, the pressure relief unit in the pressure relief module is closed, and only the filling slurry is allowed to pass through the energy-consuming pressure relief unit to reduce the residual pressure head to the set range. The pressure relief level is set according to the integer of P / △P, and the energy-consuming pressure relief unit of the corresponding level is opened according to the result; If the residual pressure head P is higher than the pressure threshold P1, the pressure relief module is used to reduce the residual pressure head to P2 below the pressure threshold P1, and then the filling slurry is made to pass through the energy-consuming decompression module to reduce the residual pressure head P2 to a set range. The decompression level is set according to the integer of P2 / △P, and the corresponding level of energy-consuming decompression unit is selected to be opened according to the result. Among them, each level of energy-consuming and decompressing unit includes node energy-consuming devices connected in series in increasing order, and ΔP is the decompression pressure value of a single node energy-consuming device.

3. The adaptive filling system with multi-stage pressure regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief unit includes a stirring tank and a buffer tank. An agitator is provided on the stirring tank. The filling pipe is connected to the stirring tank. The bottom of the stirring tank is connected to the buffer tank inlet through the filling pipe. The output of the buffer tank is connected to the filling pipe.

4. The adaptive filling system with multi-stage pressure regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an accident cleaning module, which includes a first accident pool and a second accident pool on the filling pipe connected to the two ends of the energy-consuming and decompressing module. The filling pipe extends into branches that are connected to the first accident pool and the second accident pool. A valve I is installed on the branch connected to the first accident pool, and a valve F is installed on the branch connected to the second accident pool. A valve G is also provided on the filling pipe upstream of the first accident pool. A high-pressure fluid pipeline is also provided between the valve G and the energy-consuming and decompressing module. A valve H is installed on the high-pressure fluid pipeline. A pressure monitoring instrument is also provided between the high-pressure fluid pipeline and the energy-consuming and decompressing module. The control module is connected to each valve and pressure monitoring instrument.

5. The adaptive filling system with multi-stage pressure regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes a PLC on-site control cabinet and a surface remote control module. The PLC on-site control cabinet is connected to each valve and pressure monitoring instrument. The surface remote control module is integrated into the DCS control system of the surface filling station. The on-off of the valves of the pressure relief module and the energy consumption and pressure reduction module is controlled by the PLC on-site control cabinet, and the status of the pressure relief module and the energy consumption and pressure reduction module is remotely monitored through the surface remote control module.

6. The adaptive filling system with multi-stage pressure regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting joint is a groove joint, which includes a shell, a sealing ring, a hexagonal bolt and a spring washer. The shell includes a pair of semicircular rings, and each semicircular ring has an annular clamping body extending radially on both sides of the axial direction. An annular clamping groove is provided on the outer wall of the steel pipe and the filling pipe. The annular clamping body is respectively embedded in the corresponding annular clamping groove by buckling the pair of semicircular rings. The pair of semicircular rings are connected and fixed by the hexagonal bolt and the spring washer to connect the node energy dissipation device with the filling pipe.

7. The adaptive filling system with multi-stage pressure regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wear-resistant layer is made of ceramic composite material or bimetallic wear-resistant material, and is lined on the inner wall of the steel pipe through a centrifugal casting method or a self-propagating synthesis method.

8. A pressure regulating method for a filling system, characterized in that: The adaptive filling system capable of multi-stage pressure regulation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: If the residual pressure head P is lower than the set pressure threshold P1, the pressure relief unit in the pressure relief module is closed, and only the filling slurry is allowed to pass through the energy-consuming pressure reduction module to reduce the residual pressure head to the set range. The pressure reduction level is set according to the integer of P / △P, and the energy-consuming pressure reduction unit of the corresponding level is selected to be opened according to the result; If the residual pressure head P is higher than the pressure threshold P1, the pressure relief module is used to reduce the residual pressure head to P2 below the pressure threshold P1, and then the filling slurry is made to pass through the energy-consuming decompression module to reduce the residual pressure head P2 to a set range. The decompression level is set according to the integer of P2 / △P, and the corresponding level of energy-consuming decompression unit is selected to be opened according to the result. Among them, each level of energy-consuming and decompressing unit includes at least one node energy-consuming device connected in series, and ΔP is the decompression pressure value of a single node energy-consuming device.

9. The pressure regulating method of a filling system according to claim 8, characterized in that: When a pipe blockage accident occurs in the energy-consuming and decompressing module, open valves F, A, and I to discharge the filling slurry in the filling pipe into the first and second accident pools. Then close valves A, I, and G, open valve H on the high-pressure fluid pipeline, and use high-pressure fluid to push the blocked slurry along the blocked energy-consuming and decompressing unit to the second accident pool.

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