An explosive device based on flash explosion cracking and its application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature and high-pressure cracking, and in particular discloses an explosion device based on flash explosion cracking. The explosion device comprises a flash explosion generating tube, a flange assembly, an ignition electrode rod, a vacuum air pump and a raw gas tank. The present invention forms a closed space in the flash explosion generating tube by matching a flange plate and a flange cover, and a plurality of holes provided on the flange plate and the flange cover are respectively used to insert an ignition electrode rod or connect a vacuum air pump or a raw gas tank, etc., to meet the explosion reaction requirements in the flash explosion generating tube. The explosion device has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and meets the safety requirements of the explosion reaction. Based on the explosion device, the present invention provides a new method for preparing carbon black, in which only acetylene gas participates in the flash explosion cracking reaction, and the acetylene carbon black product has high purity and does not need to be purified, thereby reducing the preparation cost and being pollution-free. The preparation method uses instantaneous flash explosion to crack acetylene, has low energy consumption and high conversion rate, and can be put into industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature and high-pressure cracking, and in particular, relates to an explosion device based on flash explosion cracking, and application of the device in the preparation of acetylene carbon black. Background Art

[0002] The high temperature and high pressure cracking process is generally used to prepare certain specific products. It has the advantages of rapid reaction, fast preparation, and simple operation. However, when using the high temperature and high pressure cracking method to prepare products, the instantaneous energy release during the explosion process is huge, and the operation risk is greatly increased. Therefore, it is generally necessary to use a special explosion device. However, based on the characteristics of the high temperature and high pressure cracking process mentioned above, the explosion device generally has high requirements for structure and materials.

[0003] At the same time, acetylene carbon black is a fluffy, ultra-fine black powder with a spatial crystal system, a developed secondary structure, and a very large specific surface area. Acetylene carbon black is used in almost the entire battery industry, mainly because acetylene carbon black has strong conductivity and good liquid absorption performance, and is free of metal and other impurities, so using it as a battery material can better store energy and reduce discharge loss.

[0004] At present, the preparation method of acetylene carbon black mainly produces acetylene carbon black by incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of acetylene under insufficient air conditions. The decomposition reaction device is first preheated to 800°C, and then acetylene gas and a certain amount of air are introduced into the reaction device for decomposition reaction. During this period, the temperature control system needs to adjust the temperature to control the degree of decomposition. In order to ensure the quality of acetylene carbon black, the temperature control system needs to maintain the temperature of the reaction device at 1800°C. It takes a long heating time to reach such a high decomposition temperature. After obtaining acetylene carbon black, if you want to further improve its quality, you still need to remove impurities and purify it.

[0005] In summary, the current acetylene black preparation process has the following problems: complex process, high precision requirements for the temperature control system, high energy consumption, long production cycle, low production efficiency, high production cost, low product quality, and high pollution, which leads to high prices of acetylene black on the market.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to invent an explosion device based on high temperature and high pressure cracking technology, and through research to improve the current preparation process of acetylene black, use the explosion device to provide a new method for preparing acetylene black, so as to suppress the rise in acetylene black prices. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an explosion device based on flash explosion cracking, which has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and can carry out an explosion reaction simply and safely.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] An explosive device based on flash explosion pyrolysis, comprising the following components:

[0010] A flash generating tube, wherein the flash generating tube is a hollow cylinder with an opening at one end;

[0011] A flange assembly, the flange assembly comprising a flange plate, a flange cover and a sealing gasket; wherein the flange plate is clamped at the opening of the flash generator, the flange cover is buckled on the flange plate, and the sealing gasket is sandwiched between the flange plate and the flange cover; the flange cover is provided with an electrode threaded hole and an air inlet and outlet hole;

[0012] An ignition electrode rod, wherein the ignition electrode rod is inserted into the electrode threaded hole, and the bottom end of the ignition electrode rod is located inside the flash generation tube;

[0013] A vacuum air pump, the vacuum air pump being connected to the flash generation cylinder via the air inlet and outlet holes;

[0014] and a raw gas tank, wherein the raw gas tank is connected to the flash generation cylinder via the air inlet and outlet holes, and the raw gas tank is connected to at most one of the vacuum air pumps.

[0015] Furthermore, a pressure measuring threaded hole is provided on the flange cover, and the explosive device further comprises a pressure gauge; wherein the pressure gauge is connected to the flashover generating tube via the pressure measuring threaded hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the electrode threaded hole is opened at the center position of the flange cover.

[0017] Preferably, the air inlet and outlet holes and the pressure measuring threaded hole are arranged on both sides of the electrode threaded hole.

[0018] Furthermore, the flange plate and the flange cover are fixed and sealed by sealing bolts.

[0019] Furthermore, the explosion device also includes a detonator electrically connected to the ignition electrode rod, and the detonator is used to energize the ignition electrode rod to achieve ignition.

[0020] Furthermore, the flange cover and the flash generation tube are both made of carbon steel.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing acetylene black based on any of the above-mentioned explosive devices, which comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1. Insert the ignition electrode rod into the flash generation tube through the electrode threaded hole;

[0023] S2. Place the sealing gasket between the flange and the flange cover, and seal the flange and the flange cover to form a closed space inside the flashover generator;

[0024] S3, using a vacuum air pump to evacuate the interior of the flash explosion generator cylinder to a vacuum state, and then injecting acetylene into the flash explosion generator cylinder from a raw gas tank;

[0025] S4. The ignition electrode rod is energized to ignite. The energy generated after the ignition is released to detonate the acetylene in the flash generation tube to produce acetylene black.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S4, the ignition method is selected from any one of a fuse, a chemical ignition head, a resistance wire, and an electric spark.

[0027] Furthermore, the preparation method further comprises step S5: opening the air inlet and outlet holes to discharge the by-product waste gas in the flash generation cylinder.

[0028] The present invention forms a closed space in the flash explosion generating tube by matching the flange and the flange cover, and the multiple holes opened on the flange and the flange cover are respectively used to insert the ignition electrode rod or connect the vacuum pump or the raw gas tank, etc., to meet the explosion reaction requirements in the flash explosion generating tube. The explosion device has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and meets the safety requirements of the explosion reaction. Based on the explosion device, the present invention provides a new method for preparing carbon black. First, only the acetylene gas as the raw material participates in the flash explosion cracking reaction without other impurities, and the generated acetylene carbon black has no other impurities and high purity. Compared with the general preparation method in the prior art, it does not need to be purified after preparation, which not only reduces the preparation cost but also does not cause pollution; second, the preparation method uses instantaneous flash explosion to crack acetylene, which not only has low energy consumption, but also ensures a conversion rate of nearly 100%; third, the preparation of acetylene carbon black based on the above-mentioned explosion device has a simple process, is easy to operate, has a short production cycle, and is highly efficient, and can be put into industrial production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent through the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an explosive device according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a flash explosion generating tube provided with a flange in an explosive device according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a flange cover in an explosive device according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is the XRD picture of the product obtained according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 and Figure 6 These are SEM images of the product obtained in Example 1 of the present invention at different magnifications;

[0035] Figure 7 is the XRD picture of the product obtained according to Example 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 and Fig. 9 These are SEM images of the product obtained according to Example 2 of the present invention at different magnifications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms, and the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to explain the principles of the present invention and their practical applications, so that other persons skilled in the art can understand the various embodiments of the present invention and the various modifications suitable for specific intended applications. In the accompanying drawings, for the sake of clarity, the shapes and sizes of the elements may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals will always be used to represent the same or similar elements.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present invention and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0039] In addition, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings in addition to indicating orientation or positional relationship. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] In addition, the terms "installed", "set", "provided with", "connected", "connected", and "socketed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] Based on the special requirements for explosive devices when using high temperature and high pressure cracking technology in the prior art, the present invention provides an explosive device based on flash explosion cracking, which has the effects of simple structure and easy operation.

[0042] Specific reference Figure 1 The explosive device includes the following components: a flash generation tube 1, a flange assembly 2, an ignition electrode rod 3, a vacuum air pump 4 and a raw gas tank 5.

[0043] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the flash generator tube 1 is a hollow cylinder with an opening 11 at one end. The flange assembly 2 includes a flange plate 21, a flange cover 22 and a sealing gasket 23; wherein the flange plate 21 is clamped at the opening 11 of the flash generator tube 1, the flange cover 22 is buckled on the flange plate 21, and the sealing gasket 23 is sandwiched between the two to achieve a sealing effect on the flash generator tube 1, so that the flash generator tube 1 forms a closed space.

[0044] Specific reference Figure 3 The flange cover 22 is provided with an electrode threaded hole 221 and an air inlet and outlet hole 222. The ignition electrode rod 3 is inserted into the electrode threaded hole 221, and the bottom end of the ignition electrode rod 3 is located inside the flash generation tube 1; and the air inlet and outlet hole 222 is connected to the vacuum air pump 4 and the raw gas tank 5, and both are connected to the flash generation tube 1 through the air inlet and outlet hole 222.

[0045] The vacuum air pump 4 is used to evacuate the flash generation tube 1 , and the raw material gas tank 5 is used to store the reaction gas filled into the flash generation tube 1 .

[0046] Generally speaking, when the explosive device is used, at most one of the vacuum air pump 4 and the raw gas tank 5 is connected to the flash generation tube 1, that is, either one of the two is in a connected state with the flash generation tube 1, or both are in a closed state and not connected with the flash generation tube 1.

[0047] Furthermore, a pressure measuring threaded hole 223 is provided on the flange cover 22, and the explosive device further comprises a pressure gauge 6. The pressure gauge 6 is connected to the flash generation tube 1 via the pressure measuring threaded hole 223.

[0048] In order to ensure that a stable combustion and explosion reaction can occur inside the explosive device when in use, the electrode threaded hole 221 is preferably opened at the center of the flange cover 22, so that the ignition electrode rod 3 is located on the central axis of the flash generation tube 1 when in use and can evenly trigger the explosion.

[0049] Further preferably, the air inlet and outlet holes 222 and the pressure measuring threaded holes 223 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the electrode threaded hole 221 .

[0050] Preferably, the flange 21 and the flange cover 22 are fixedly sealed by sealing bolts (not shown in the figure); that is, a plurality of lower sealing bolt holes 211 are arranged around the periphery of the flange 21, and a plurality of upper sealing bolt holes 224 are arranged around the periphery of the flange cover 22, and each upper sealing bolt hole 224 is opposite to each lower sealing bolt hole 211 and fixed with sealing bolts.

[0051] As a further explanation, the explosive device also includes an initiator (not shown in the figure) electrically connected to the ignition electrode rod 3. The initiator is used to energize the ignition electrode rod 3 to achieve ignition.

[0052] Furthermore, when using the explosive device, any one of a fuse, a chemical ignition head, a resistance wire, and an electric spark can be used. If a fuse is used for ignition, the fuse is fixed to the bottom end of the ignition electrode rod 3. When the detonator is started and the ignition electrode rod 3 is energized, the fuse is heated and melted to trigger a flash explosion.

[0053] As a device for generating an internal explosion reaction, carbon steel is preferably used as the material of the flange cover 22 and the flash generation tube 1.

[0054] The above-mentioned explosion device provided by the present invention can be used to prepare certain substances based on the explosion method. For example, the present invention provides the following method for preparing acetylene carbon black.

[0055] Specifically, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0056] In step S1 , the ignition electrode rod 3 is inserted into the flash generation tube 1 through the electrode threaded hole 221 .

[0057] Depending on the ignition method, a fuse, a resistance wire, a chemical ignition head, etc. may be set at the bottom end of the ignition electrode rod 3, or no other ignition material may be set and only the electric spark method may be used, which will not be described in detail here.

[0058] In step S2 , the sealing gasket 23 is placed between the flange 21 and the flange cover 22 , and the flange 21 and the flange cover 22 are sealed to form a closed space inside the flash generation tube 1 .

[0059] In step S3 , the inside of the flash generation cylinder 1 is evacuated to a vacuum state by using the vacuum air pump 4 , and then acetylene is injected into the flash generation cylinder 1 from the raw gas tank 5 .

[0060] It is worth noting that in this step, acetylene gas is introduced into the flash generation tube 1 to P0 MPa, where P0 is the initial pressure of the acetylene gas injected before preparing carbon black. The specific value is selected according to the actual process requirements to select explosion devices of different thicknesses and shapes without restriction. Generally speaking, the greater the initial pressure, the greater the thickness of the flash generation tube 1 in the selected explosion device.

[0061] In step S4, the ignition electrode rod 3 is energized to perform ignition. The energy generated by the ignition releases the acetylene in the flash generation tube 1 to generate acetylene black.

[0062] In step S5, the air inlet and outlet holes 222 are opened to discharge the by-product waste gas in the flash generation cylinder 1 and collect the acetylene carbon black product.

[0063] The following specific examples will be used to illustrate the novel method for preparing acetylene black of the present invention. It is worth noting that the above-mentioned preparation method of the present invention is not limited to the reaction conditions described in the following examples, and the following examples are only specific examples of the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0064] In the following embodiment, the dimensions of the components in the explosive device are specifically controlled as follows: the dimension of the flash generation tube 1 is φ273mm*424mm*12mm; the diameter of the flange cover 22 is 425mm and the thickness is 40mm; the dimension of the pressure measuring threaded hole 223 is M20*1.5 (i.e., the diameter is 20mm and the thread pitch is 1.5mm, the same below); the dimension of the electrode threaded hole 221 is M40*2; the dimension of the inlet and outlet holes 222 is M20*1.5.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] First, fix the fuse on the ignition electrode rod, control the distance between the two ignition electrode rods to 2mm, and place them in the upper center of the flash generation tube.

[0067] Then, place a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing gasket (φ340 / φ273*3, where 3 represents a thickness of 3mm) between the flange cover and the flange plate, and use sealing stud bolts (M27*120) to fix and seal the flange cover and the flange plate together through the upper sealing bolt hole and the lower sealing bolt hole.

[0068] Once again, use a vacuum pump to completely vacuum the flashover generator, and let it stand for 10 minutes. If the pressure gauge does not change, it means that the flashover generator is very airtight. Then add acetylene gas to 0.2MPa. Let it stand for another 10 minutes. If the pressure gauge does not change, use an isolation transformer initiator to ignite the fuse. The fuse releases energy and explodes instantly during the melting process, and the flashover acetylene gas causes it to crack.

[0069] Finally, open the inlet and outlet holes to discharge the waste gas generated in the cracking process and collect the black products in the flash generation tube.

[0070] In order to characterize the black product generated by the flash pyrolysis reaction, a D8ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer was used to detect the black product. The obtained XRD picture is as follows Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 It can be seen from the graphite graphite product that the black product is acetylene black.

[0071] The acetylene carbon black was tested using a JEOL JSM-6380LV field emission scanning electron microscope. The SEM images obtained at different magnifications are shown in Figure 2. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown. Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that the obtained acetylene carbon black is nanoscale spherical particles.

[0072] The particle size of the acetylene carbon black was measured using a BT-9300H laser particle size distribution analyzer. 50 It is 101.23nm.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] First, fix the resistance wire on the ignition electrode rod, control the distance between the two ignition electrode rods to 2mm, and place them in the upper center of the flash generation tube.

[0075] Then, place a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing gasket (φ340 / φ273*3) between the flange cover and the flange plate, and use sealing stud bolts (M27*120) to fix and seal the flange cover and the flange plate together through the upper sealing bolt hole and the lower sealing bolt hole.

[0076] Once again, use a vacuum air pump to completely vacuum the flash cylinder and let it stand for 10 minutes. If the pressure gauge does not change, it means that the airtightness of the flash cylinder is very good. Then, add acetylene gas to 0.4MPa. Let it stand for another 10 minutes. If the pressure gauge does not change, use an isolation transformer initiator to ignite the resistance wire. The resistance wire releases energy and explodes instantly, and the flash acetylene gas decomposes it.

[0077] Finally, open the inlet and outlet holes to discharge the waste gas generated in the cracking process and collect the black products in the flash generation tube.

[0078] In order to characterize the black product generated by the flash pyrolysis reaction, a D8ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer was used to detect the black product. The obtained XRD picture is as follows Figure 7 As shown. Figure 7 It can be seen from the graphite graphite product that the black product is acetylene black.

[0079] The acetylene carbon black was tested using a JEOL JSM-6380LV field emission scanning electron microscope. The SEM images obtained at different magnifications are shown in Figure 2. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 It can be seen that the obtained acetylene carbon black is nanoscale spherical particles.

[0080] The particle size of the acetylene carbon black was measured using a BT-9300H laser particle size distribution analyzer. 50 It is 56.18nm.

[0081] While the invention has been shown and described with reference to the particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An explosive device based on flash explosion cracking, characterized in that: Includes the following components: A flash generating tube, wherein the flash generating tube is a hollow cylinder with an opening at one end; A flange assembly, the flange assembly comprising a flange plate, a flange cover and a sealing gasket; wherein the flange plate is clamped at the opening of the flash generator tube, the flange cover is buckled on the flange plate, the sealing gasket is sandwiched between the flange plate and the flange cover, and the flange plate and the flange cover are fixed and sealed by sealing bolts distributed around; the flange cover is provided with an electrode threaded hole, an air inlet and outlet hole and a pressure measuring threaded hole, the electrode threaded hole is opened at the center of the flange cover, and the air inlet and outlet hole and the pressure measuring threaded hole are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the electrode threaded hole; An ignition electrode rod, wherein the ignition electrode rod is inserted into the electrode threaded hole, and the bottom end of the ignition electrode rod is located inside the flash generation tube, and the ignition electrode rod is located on the central axis of the flash generation tube; A vacuum air pump, the vacuum air pump being connected to the flash generation cylinder via the air inlet and outlet holes; A pressure gauge, the pressure gauge is connected to the flash generation cylinder via the pressure measuring threaded hole; and a raw gas tank, wherein the raw gas tank is connected with the flash generation cylinder via the air inlet and outlet holes, the raw gas tank only stores acetylene, and the raw gas tank is connected with at most one of the vacuum air pumps.

2. The explosive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion device also includes an initiator electrically connected to the ignition electrode rod, and the initiator is used to energize the ignition electrode rod to achieve ignition.

3. The explosive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flange cover and the flashover generating tube are both made of carbon steel.

4. A method for preparing acetylene black for an explosive device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Insert the ignition electrode rod into the flash generation tube through the electrode threaded hole; S2. Place the sealing gasket between the flange and the flange cover, and seal the flange and the flange cover to form a closed space inside the flashover generator; S3, using a vacuum air pump to evacuate the interior of the flash explosion generator cylinder to a vacuum state, and then injecting acetylene into the flash explosion generator cylinder from a raw gas tank; S4, energizing the ignition electrode rod to ignite, and the energy generated after the ignition is released to detonate the acetylene in the flash generation tube to produce acetylene carbon black; S5. Open the air inlet and outlet holes to discharge the byproduct waste gas in the flash generation cylinder.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S4, the ignition method is selected from any one of a fuse, a chemical ignition head, a resistance wire, and an electric spark.

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