Backhoe loader and its integral frame

Abstract

The present invention discloses an excavator loader and an integral frame thereof, comprising a frame assembly (100), a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system, a power system (300), a cab assembly (400), an excavation mechanism assembly (500), a loading mechanism assembly (600), an operating mechanism assembly (800), and an electrical system (900). The hydraulic four-wheel active steering system comprises a driving steering system (200) and a hydraulic system (700); the driving steering system (200), the power system (300), the hydraulic system (700), the operating mechanism assembly (800), and the electrical system (900) are all installed on the frame assembly (100) and powered by the power system (300). The integral frame of the excavator loader of the present invention has good stability, strong load-bearing capacity, small turning radius, and can increase the service life of the multifunctional engineering vehicle, thereby improving the overall cost performance of the vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of two-way backhoe loaders and off-road forklifts, in particular to a two-way backhoe loader. Background Art

[0002] A backhoe loader is a single device composed of three construction equipment. It is commonly known as "two-end busy". During construction, the operator can change the working end by simply turning the seat. Compared with large single-function equipment (such as crawler excavators), backhoe loaders are more compact. They can also be moved around various construction sites and even run on roads.

[0003] Most of the existing two-way backhoe loaders are modified from traditional loaders, with an excavator's digging device installed behind the traditional loader, thus changing it to two-way backhoe loaders. Therefore, it also has some inherent mechanical structural disadvantages of loaders. For example, the articulated frame is very prone to failure due to the application scenarios of loaders, and this articulated steering has a large turning radius and low stability, and is prone to overturning when steering at high speeds.

[0004] Moreover, its cab is the same as that used for loaders or tractors, so the forward view at one end is better, but the view at the other end is poor. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an excavator loader and an integral frame thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A backhoe loader comprises a frame assembly, a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system power system, a cab assembly, an excavating mechanism assembly, a loading mechanism assembly, an operating mechanism assembly, and an electrical system. The hydraulic four-wheel active steering system power system comprises a driving steering system and a hydraulic system; the driving steering system, power system, hydraulic system, operating mechanism assembly, and electrical system are all installed on the frame assembly and powered by the power system.

[0008] Among them, the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system includes a steering wheel, which is connected to a steering gear, which is connected to a gear pump through a priority valve, the A port of the steering gear is connected to an electromagnetic valve A, and the B port of the steering gear is connected to an electromagnetic valve B; the electromagnetic valve A and the electromagnetic valve B are connected to a synchronization valve, and the synchronization valve is respectively connected to a front axle steering cylinder and a rear axle steering cylinder, and the front axle steering cylinder and the rear axle steering cylinder are both installed on the driving steering axle to control the tires of the front and rear wheels respectively.

[0009] Wherein, the steering wheel includes a steering wheel at the excavator end and a steering wheel at the loader end; the steering gear includes a steering gear at the excavator end and a steering gear at the loader end.

[0010] Wherein, the steering gear is a load-sensitive fully hydraulic steering gear.

[0011] Among them, the solenoid valve A and the solenoid valve B are both two-position six-way solenoid valves. When the two solenoid valves are closed at the same time, the steering wheel and steering gear at the excavator end work; when the two solenoid valves are disconnected at the same time, the steering wheel and steering gear at the loader end work.

[0012] The cab assembly includes a cab, the frame of which is made of a high-strength special-shaped pipe for a forklift overhead guard, and the frame is formed into a whole by welding.

[0013] Further, the lowermost end of the tempered glass at the digging end of the cab is installed on the bottom plate of the cab.

[0014] Working method of this backhoe loader:

[0015] When the vehicle turns left while driving, turn the steering wheel to the left, and the steering wheel rotates the steering gear through the connecting mechanism. The LS port of the steering gear sends a signal to the priority valve 5. At this time, the engine drives the gear pump to pump out high-pressure hydraulic oil through the priority valve and enters the steering gear 2. As the steering wheel turns, the hydraulic oil flows out from the A port of the steering gear and enters the two-position six-way solenoid valve A, and flows out from the B port of the steering gear and enters the two-position six-way solenoid valve B. After coming out of the two two-position six-way solenoid valves, it enters the synchronization valve and enters the left cylinder of the front axle steering cylinder and the left cylinder of the rear axle steering cylinder through the synchronization valve. The two steering cylinders pull the tires on the steering axle to complete the steering action; when turning right, the action is opposite. The synchronization valve makes the oil entering the front and rear steering cylinders move synchronously to prevent the steering angles of the front and rear axles from being inconsistent due to inconsistent resistance, thereby avoiding the dragging of the front and rear axles.

[0016] The integral frame of the excavator loader is welded by an excavator arm mounting seat, a frame side plate, a cab mounting seat, a front axle fixing seat, a loader arm bracket, a bracket support plate, an engine support plate, a radiator support plate, a swing bracket, an excavator arm rotating cylinder support plate, and a supporting leg bracket.

[0017] Among them, the front axle is installed on the frame assembly through bolts, and the rear axle is installed on the frame assembly through an articulated frame.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the outstanding effects of the present invention are:

[0019] The rear axle of the excavator loader of the present invention is installed on the frame assembly through an articulated frame, and can achieve a maximum swing angle of 10 degrees, ensuring that the four tires can adhere to the ground regardless of the road surface, thereby maximizing the driving force.

[0020] The integral vehicle frame of the excavator loader of the present invention has good stability, strong load-bearing capacity, small turning radius, and can increase the service life of the multifunctional engineering vehicle, thereby improving the overall cost performance of the vehicle.

[0021] The integral frame is strong and durable, and has a stronger load-bearing capacity. Compared with the split body of the conventional loader-type two-wheeled truck, the integral frame adopted by the present invention is superior to the split body in terms of strength and durability. Compared with the tractor-type two-wheeled truck, the tractor-type two-wheeled truck has an enlarged rear wheel tire, which makes the forward and backward force distribution uneven, and the stability is far inferior to the integral frame of the excavator loader of the present invention.

[0022] Compared with the articulated steering system of the conventional loader, the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system of the excavator loader of the present invention has better stability, smaller turning radius, and no wear on the articulated part of the loader, thus having a longer service life. Compared with the conventional tractor-type two-wheeled crane, the system has four-wheel steering and four-wheel drive, and has stronger driving force in harsh or muddy environments, and its climbing ability and crossing ability far exceed those of the conventional tractor-type two-wheeled crane.

[0023] The backhoe loader and its integral frame according to the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system for an excavator loader of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Another schematic diagram of the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 The hydraulic principle diagram of the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a front view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 A top view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a rear view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7It is a right side view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a left side view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0032] Fig. 9 A bottom view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 A perspective view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.11 A front view of the integral frame of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.12 A top view of the integral frame of the backhoe loader of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.13 is a cross-sectional view of the upper arm;

[0037] Fig.14 This is the front view of the cab assembly;

[0038] Fig.15 It is the left side view of the cab assembly;

[0039] Fig.16 A cross-sectional view of the cab assembly.

[0040] Among them, 1-steering wheel, 2-steering gear, 3-gear pump, 4-torque converter, 5-priority valve, 6-synchronous valve, 7-solenoid valve A, 8-solenoid valve B, 9-tire, 10-driving steering axle, 11-front axle steering cylinder, 12-engine;

[0041] 100-frame assembly, 200-drive steering system, 300-power system, 400-cab assembly, 500-excavation mechanism assembly, 600-loading mechanism assembly, 700-hydraulic system, 800-operating mechanism assembly, 900-electrical system;

[0042] 101-excavator arm mounting seat, 102-frame side plate, 103-cab mounting seat, 104-front axle fixing seat, 105-loader arm bracket, 106-bracket support plate, 107-engine support plate, 108-radiator support plate, 109-swing bracket, 110-excavator arm rotating cylinder support plate, 110-support leg bracket;

[0043] 401-frame, 402-instrument assembly, 404-seat, 405-multi-way valve installation box;

[0044] 501-excavator boom, 502-pin shaft, 503-boom cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] like Figure 1-2 As shown in 4-10, an excavator loader specifically includes a frame assembly 100, a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system, a power system 300, a cab assembly 400, an excavating mechanism assembly 500, a loading mechanism assembly 600, an operating mechanism assembly 800, and an electrical system 900, wherein the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system includes a drive steering system 200 and a hydraulic system 700; the drive steering system 200, the power system 300, the hydraulic system 700, the operating mechanism assembly 800, and the electrical system 900 are all installed on the frame assembly 100 and powered by the power system 300.

[0046] The main component of the frame assembly 100 is an integral frame. The power system 300 mainly includes an engine 12, a torque converter 4 and a transmission shaft. The cab assembly 400 mainly includes a cab and a seat. The excavation mechanism assembly 500 mainly includes an excavator arm, a dipper arm, a digging bucket, and a connecting rod welded together. The loading mechanism assembly 600 mainly includes a loader arm, a forearm, a pull rod, and a bucket. The control mechanism assembly 800 mainly includes a steering wheel, a brake, and a throttle. The electrical system 900 mainly includes a wiring harness, a battery, a lighting lamp, an instrument, a horn, and a reversing buzzer.

[0047] Among them, the pump, valve and pipeline used to realize the steering function in the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system belong to the hydraulic system 700, and the steering cylinder and driving steering axle used as the actuator belong to the driving steering system 200. The steering wheel in the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system is also a component of the loading mechanism assembly 600.

[0048] The backhoe loader is powered by a Weichai 4105 engine, which is then converted by a hydraulic torque converter 4 and connected to a drive steering system 200 by a transmission shaft. The drive steering system 200 then drives the tires to generate a torque for moving forward and backward.

[0049] When the steering wheel of the operating mechanism assembly 800 is turned, the steering gear 2 drives the front axle steering cylinder 11 of the steering system 200 to control the steering of the tire 9, and at the same time controls the tire of the rear axle to follow the tire of the front axle through the synchronization valve 6 to rotate in the opposite direction at the same time, and steers according to a certain ratio according to the steering angle of the front wheels.

[0050] Among them, the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system includes a steering wheel 1, which is connected to a steering gear 2, which is connected to a gear pump 3 through a priority valve 5, and a port A of the steering gear 2 is connected to a solenoid valve A7, and a port B of the steering gear 2 is connected to a solenoid valve B8; the solenoid valve A7 and the solenoid valve B8 are connected to a synchronization valve 6, and the synchronization valve 6 is respectively connected to a front axle steering cylinder 11 and a rear axle steering cylinder, the front axle steering cylinder 11 is installed on a driving steering axle 10 of the front wheels, and the rear axle steering cylinder is installed on a driving steering axle of the rear wheels, and the two control the tires 9 of the front wheels and the tires of the rear wheels respectively.

[0051] The steering wheel 1 includes a steering wheel at the excavator end and a steering wheel at the loader end; the steering gear 2 includes a steering gear at the excavator end and a steering gear at the loader end.

[0052] Steering gear 2 is a load-sensitive fully hydraulic steering gear.

[0053] Solenoid valves A7 and B8 are both two-position six-way solenoid valves. When the two solenoid valves are closed at the same time, the steering wheel and steering gear at the excavator end work; when the two solenoid valves are disconnected at the same time, the steering wheel and steering gear at the loader end work.

[0054] like Figure 14-16 As shown, the frame 401 of the cab is made of a high-strength special-shaped pipe for forklift overhead guards. After welding, the frame 401 forms a whole with better strength, ensuring that it is not easily deformed when the vehicle rolls over, thereby protecting the driver's life. Two sets of steering wheels 1 and instrument assemblies 402 are installed in the cab, so that the driver can drive the vehicle in two directions. The seat 404 installed in the middle is a rotatable seat. The seat can be easily rotated by pulling the handle under the seat, thereby achieving the purpose of driving the vehicle in two directions. Fig.15 It can be seen that the tempered glass at the excavation end of the cab extends all the way to the bottom plate of the cab, so that when operating the excavation mechanism, the field of vision is maximized, and the working of the bucket can be seen while sitting in the cab. A grille is provided above the cab to enhance the strength of the cab when tipping over and to effectively prevent objects from falling from high altitudes. This is something that cannot be achieved by existing two-end trucks. A multi-way valve installation box 405 is installed next to the seat 404 for installing various valves.

[0055] Combination Figure 1-3 As shown, the working method of the backhoe loader is:

[0056] When the vehicle turns left while driving, the steering wheel 1 is turned left, and the steering wheel 1 rotates the steering gear 2 through the connecting mechanism. The LS port of the steering gear 2 sends a signal to the priority valve 5. At this time, the engine 12 drives the gear pump 3 to pump out high-pressure hydraulic oil through the priority valve 5 and enters the steering gear 2. As the steering wheel 1 turns, the hydraulic oil flows out from the A port of the steering gear 2 and enters the two-position six-way solenoid valve A7, and flows out from the B port of the steering gear 2 and enters the two-position six-way solenoid valve B8. After coming out of the two two-position six-way solenoid valves, it enters the synchronization valve 6, and enters the left cylinder of the front axle steering cylinder 11 and the left cylinder of the rear axle steering cylinder through the synchronization valve 6. The tires on the steering axle are pulled and driven by the two steering cylinders to complete the steering action; when turning right, the action is opposite.

[0057] The main component of the vehicle frame assembly 100 is an integral vehicle frame.

[0058] Figure 11-12 As shown, the integral frame of the excavator loader is welded by an excavator boom mounting seat 101, a frame side plate 102, a cab mounting seat 103, a front axle fixing seat 104, a loader boom bracket 105, a bracket support plate 106, an engine support plate 107, a radiator support plate 108, a swing bracket 109, an excavator boom rotating cylinder support plate 110, and a support leg bracket 111.

[0059] The excavator boom mounting seat 101 is used to mount the excavator boom. The cab mounting seat 103 is used to mount the cab. The loader boom bracket 105 is used to connect the loader boom. The bracket support plate 106 is welded under the loader boom bracket 105 to support the loader boom bracket 105 and play a connecting and strengthening role. The swing bracket 109 is used to fix the swing weld, and the rear axle is fixed on the swing weld. Through the swing weld, it can swing left and right within a certain angle to prevent the four wheels from being on the same plane and the tires from hanging in the air when passing through potholes.

[0060] The front axle is mounted on the frame assembly 100 by bolts, and the rear axle is mounted on the frame assembly 100 by an articulated frame.

[0061] The integral frame has good stability, strong load-bearing capacity, small turning radius, and can increase the service life of the multifunctional engineering vehicle, thereby improving the overall cost performance of the vehicle.

[0062] like Fig.13 As shown, the excavation mechanism assembly 500 includes a cylinder center system. The cylinder center system includes a boom cylinder 503, one end of which is connected to the center of the excavator boom 501 through a pin 502, and the other end is connected to the frame assembly 100, and the excavator boom 501 is fixed to the frame assembly 100.

[0063] When the stroke of the boom cylinder is shortened, the boom is gradually lifted and finally becomes perpendicular to the frame. When the stroke of the boom cylinder is extended, the boom gradually falls and rotates downward. When the stroke reaches its maximum, the maximum digging depth is reached.

[0064] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred implementation modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A backhoe loader, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a frame assembly (100), a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system, a power system (300), a cab assembly (400), an excavating mechanism assembly (500), a loading mechanism assembly (600), an operating mechanism assembly (800), and an electrical system (900); the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system comprises a driving steering system (200) and a hydraulic system (700); the driving steering system (200), the power system (300), the hydraulic system (700), the operating mechanism assembly (800), and the electrical system (900) are all installed on the frame assembly (100), and are powered by the power system (300); The hydraulic four-wheel active steering system comprises a steering wheel (1), the steering wheel (1) is connected to a steering gear (2), the steering gear (2) is connected to a gear pump (3) via a priority valve (5), a port A of the steering gear (2) is connected to a solenoid valve A (7), and a port B of the steering gear (2) is connected to a solenoid valve B (8); the solenoid valve A (7) and the solenoid valve B (8) are connected to a synchronization valve (6), the synchronization valve (6) is respectively connected to a front axle steering cylinder (11) and a rear axle steering cylinder, the front axle steering cylinder (11) and the rear axle steering cylinder are both mounted on a driving steering axle to respectively control the tires of the front and rear wheels; The steering wheel (1) includes a steering wheel at the excavator end and a steering wheel at the loader end; the steering gear (2) includes a steering gear at the excavator end and a steering gear at the loader end; the steering gear (2) is a load-sensitive full hydraulic steering gear; the solenoid valve A (7) and the solenoid valve B (8) are both two-position six-way solenoid valves; when the two solenoid valves are closed at the same time, the steering wheel and the steering gear at the excavator end function; when the two solenoid valves are disconnected at the same time, the steering wheel and the steering gear at the loader end function; The cab assembly (400) includes a cab, and a frame (401) of the cab is made of a high-strength special-shaped pipe for a forklift overhead guard, and the frame (401) is formed into an integral body by welding; When the vehicle turns left while driving, the steering wheel (1) is turned left. The steering wheel (1) turns the steering gear (2) through the connecting mechanism. The LS port of the steering gear (2) sends a signal to the priority valve (5). At this time, the engine (12) drives the gear pump (3) to pump out high-pressure hydraulic oil through the priority valve (5) and enters the steering gear (2). As the steering wheel (1) turns, the hydraulic oil flows out from the A port of the steering gear (2) and enters the two-position six-way solenoid valve A (7). It flows out from the B port of the steering gear (2) and enters the two-position six-way solenoid valve B (8). After coming out from the two two-position six-way solenoid valves, it enters the synchronization valve (6). Through the synchronization valve (6), it enters the left cylinder of the front axle steering cylinder (11) and the left cylinder of the rear axle steering cylinder. The two steering cylinders respectively pull the tires on the steering axle to complete the steering action. When turning right, the action is opposite.

2. The backhoe loader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lowermost end of the tempered glass at the digging end of the cab is mounted on the floor of the cab.

3. The backhoe loader according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The main component of the vehicle frame assembly (100) is an integral vehicle frame, and the integral vehicle frame is welded together by an excavator boom mounting seat (101), a frame side plate (102), a cab mounting seat (103), a front axle fixing seat (104), a loader boom bracket (105), a bracket support plate (106), an engine support plate (107), a radiator support plate (108), a swing bracket (109), an excavator boom rotating cylinder support plate (110), and a support leg bracket (111).

4. The backhoe loader according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front axle is mounted on the frame assembly (100) via bolts, and the rear axle is mounted on the frame assembly (100) via an articulated frame.

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