Ventilation raise and its transformation method by using the pedestrian shaft in the mine stope for transformation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a ventilation raise transformed from a manway shaft in a mine stope and a transformation method thereof. The transformation method includes: when mining from bottom to top in the stope of the first level, leaving a rib pillar on one side of the manway shaft and leaving a plurality of safety pillars arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction of the stope on the other side; after mining to a predetermined height, forming at least one ventilation raise penetrating through the return airway of the upper level or the ground surface in the upper part of the stope of the first level; after the mining is completed, pouring a concrete partition wall between the manway shaft and the safety pillars, and the concrete partition wall is arranged opposite to the reserved rib pillar; after the concrete partition wall is stabilized, removing the manway platform and ladder of the manway shaft to obtain a ventilation raise. This method can not only meet the requirements of ventilation system transformation, but also improve the underground ventilation system, optimize the underground working environment, ensure the stability of the ventilation raise, and solve the problems of low safety factor and efficiency of manually driven raises and high economic cost of mechanically driven raises.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mine ventilation for mining, and more particularly, relates to a ventilation raise transformed from a personnel shaft in a mine stope and a transformation method therefor. Background Art

[0002] Currently, underground mining is mostly adopted in mine exploitation, such as combined development of adit + blind vertical shaft + blind inclined shaft, and shrinkage stoping method for mining. There are many problems in the mine ventilation system. For example, there are many goafs, abandoned chambers and abandoned roadways, and the air leakage of the system is relatively large; the cross-section of the main return airway is small, there are many bends, the route is long, and the ventilation resistance is large; the temperature is high and the humidity is high in the underground working environment. At the same time, if the stope where the mining has ended is directly used as a ventilation shaft, after a long time of geological action, the goaf is prone to rib spalling and caving, which directly affects the normal operation of the underground ventilation system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform and optimize the mine ventilation system, establish and improve a reasonable and effective mechanical ventilation system underground, and improve the underground working environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. For this purpose, an object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation raise transformed from a personnel shaft in a mine stope and a transformation method therefor. The transformation method uses the personnel shaft in the stope where the mining has ended to transform the ventilation raise, which can not only meet the requirements of the ventilation system transformation, but also effectively improve the underground ventilation system, optimize the underground working environment, ensure the stability of the ventilation raise, and effectively avoid the disadvantages of low safety factor and low efficiency of manual raise driving and high economic cost of mechanical raise driving.

[0004] The present invention is proposed based on the following findings of the inventor:

[0005] Most of the ore veins in the upper middle section of the mine have been mined out, the roadways are in disrepair for a long time, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the roadways are small, making it difficult for raise borers to enter the site and mechanical construction difficult; moreover, the operation risk of manual raise driving is high and there are relatively large potential safety hazards. However, using the personnel shaft in the stope where the mining has ended to transform the ventilation raise does not require manual raise driving and can avoid operation risks such as poisoning and asphyxiation, roof fall and rib spalling, and loose rock injury.

[0006] Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a method for transforming a ventilation raise using a personnel shaft in a mine stope is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes:

[0007] (1) When the stope in the first middle section is mined from bottom to top, a barrier pillar is reserved on one side of the personnel shaft, and a plurality of safety pillars are reserved on the other side of the personnel shaft. The plurality of safety pillars are arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction of the first middle section stope;

[0008] (2) After the first intermediate stope is mined to a predetermined height, at least one ventilation raise is formed above the first intermediate stope. The ventilation raise is located above the manway shaft and penetrates through the return airway of the second intermediate stope or the ground surface. The second intermediate stope and the first intermediate stope are arranged vertically.

[0009] (3) After the mining of the first intermediate stope is completed, a concrete partition wall is poured between the manway shaft and the safety pillar. The concrete partition wall is arranged opposite to the reserved intermediate pillar.

[0010] (4) After the concrete partition wall is stabilized, the manway platform and ladder of the manway shaft are removed to obtain a ventilation raise.

[0011] According to the method for transforming a ventilation raise by using a manway shaft in a mine stope according to the above embodiments of the present invention, by reserving intermediate pillars during the mining process of the intermediate stope, the stability of each stope and each sub-stope in the mining intermediate section and the manway shaft can be ensured simultaneously; by forming a plurality of safety pillars arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction on the other side of the manway shaft, rib spalling during the upward mining process of the stope can be further prevented or controlled to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock; and by pouring a concrete partition wall arranged opposite to the reserved intermediate pillar between the manway shaft and the safety pillar after the mining of the intermediate stope is completed, the stability of the periphery of the transformed ventilation raise can be further ensured, and thus the upper and lower long-term and effective ventilation between the lower intermediate section and the upper intermediate section or the ground surface can be realized through the ventilation raise. Therefore, this transformation method only increases the cost of infrastructure pouring (reinforced) concrete and does not require manual raising of the raise. It is not only convenient for construction and low in economic cost, but also improves the safety production coefficient, overcomes the disadvantage of high mechanical raising cost, and the transformed raise can meet the requirements of the ventilation system, effectively improve the underground ventilation system, and optimize the underground working environment.

[0012] In addition, the method for transforming a ventilation raise by using a manway shaft in a mine stope according to the above embodiments of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, step (1) satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the mining intermediate section where the first intermediate stope is located includes a plurality of stopes, and operations of steps (1) to (4) are performed on at least one manway shaft in each stope; the reserved intermediate pillar is a continuous intermediate pillar; the length of the reserved intermediate pillar is 1.8 - 2.2 m; the reserved intermediate pillar divides the first intermediate stope into a plurality of independent sub-stopes; the interval height between any two adjacent safety pillars is independently 4.5 - 6.5 m.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, step (2) satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the ventilation raise is one or more, and a plurality of ventilation raises are distributed at intervals above the manway shaft; the ventilation raise is located directly above and / or obliquely above the manway shaft.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, step (3) satisfies at least one of the following conditions: the thickness of the concrete partition wall is 25 - 50 cm; the concrete partition wall is a reinforced concrete structure; the distance between the safety pillar and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 - 2.2 m; the distance between the reserved intermediate pillar and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 - 2.2 m; the original partition board of the manway shaft is used as the casting formwork of the concrete partition wall.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the operations of steps (1) - (4) are repeated for all the mid - level stopes in the mine.

[0017] According to the second aspect of the present invention, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a ventilation raise transformed from a manway shaft in a mine stope. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation raise includes:

[0018] A reserved intermediate pillar, which is located on one side of the ventilation raise;

[0019] Multiple safety pillars, which are located on the other side of the ventilation raise and are arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction in the mid - level stope;

[0020] A concrete partition wall, which is located between the ventilation raise and the multiple safety pillars, and is arranged opposite to the reserved intermediate pillar and serves as the partition wall of the ventilation raise;

[0021] A ventilation cut - through raise, which is located above the ventilation raise and penetrates through the return airway of another upper mid - level stope or the ground surface.

[0022] For the ventilation raise transformed from the manway shaft in the mine stope according to the above - mentioned embodiment of the present invention, through the mutual cooperation of the reserved intermediate pillar, multiple safety intermediate pillars arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction in the mid - level stope, and the concrete partition wall, the stability of the original manway shaft in the stope can be significantly improved, enabling it to be used as a ventilation raise. Compared with the existing ventilation raise, this ventilation raise is transformed from the manway shaft of the completed stopes, only increasing the cost of infrastructure pouring (reinforced) concrete, without the need for manual raise driving. It is not only convenient for construction and has a low economic cost, but also improves the safety production coefficient, overcomes the disadvantage of high mechanical raise driving cost, and the transformed raise can meet the requirements of the ventilation system, effectively improving the underground ventilation system and optimizing the underground working environment.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: the ventilation raise is provided in all the mining mid - levels in the mine; the mining mid - levels provided with the ventilation raise include multiple stopes, and the number of the ventilation raises in this mining mid - level is not less than the number of the stopes in this mining mid - level.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the following conditions is met: the reserved pillars are continuous pillars; the length of the reserved pillars is 1.8 to 2.2 m; each of the middle section mining areas independently includes a plurality of sub-mining areas, and the plurality of sub-mining areas are separated by the reserved pillars; the interval height between any two adjacent safety pillars is independently 4.5 to 6.5 m.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the following conditions is met: there are one or more ventilation cut shafts, and the multiple ventilation cut shafts are spaced apart above the manhole; the ventilation cut shaft is located directly above and / or diagonally above the manhole.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the following conditions is met: the thickness of the concrete partition wall is 25 to 50 cm; the concrete partition wall is a reinforced concrete structure; the interval between the safety pillar and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 to 2.2 m; the interval between the reserved column and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 to 2.2 m; the casting template of the concrete partition wall includes the original partition of the manhole before the transformation.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0029] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for transforming a ventilation shaft by using a mining manhole according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a front view of a ventilation shaft transformed from a mining manhole according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 The present invention is a simplified structural diagram of a ventilation shaft transformed from a mining pedestrian shaft, viewed from top to bottom, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a front view of a ventilation shaft transformed from a mining manhole according to Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "thickness", "horizontal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0035] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0036] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for transforming a ventilation shaft by using a mining manhole. Figure 1 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes:

[0037] (1) When the first middle section stope is mined from bottom to top, a spacer pillar is reserved on one side of the manhole, and multiple safety pillars are reserved on the other side of the manhole. Multiple safety pillars are arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction of the first middle section stope.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figures 1 to 3As shown, when the middle section stope is mined from bottom to top, a spacer can be reserved on the right side of the manhole, and a plurality of safety pillars can be reserved on the left side of the manhole along the mining direction of the middle section stope, wherein the reserved spacer is used to ensure the stability of the manholes around the various stopes and sub-stopes in the middle section of the mining, and before and after the transformation. The plurality of safety pillars can be used to prevent or control the spalling during the mining process of the stope, and ensure the stability of the surrounding rock, thereby ensuring the safety of the operation during the stope recovery and the stability of the manhole, laying the foundation for the transformation of the manhole into a ventilation skylight. It should be noted that the "middle section stope" described in the present invention can be understood as any stope in any mining middle section, wherein each mining middle section can include multiple stopes (i.e., the middle section stope described in the present invention), and each stope can include multiple sub-stopes; in addition, the "one side" and "the other side" of the manhole can be understood as the two sides along the length direction of the mining roadway in the middle section stope, respectively.

[0039] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reserved pillars can be continuous pillars, which can further improve the stability of the mining areas and sub-mining areas in the middle section and around the manholes before and after the transformation, ensure the safety of the operation, and avoid the risks of roof collapse, loose rocks and injuries around the manholes. Furthermore, the length of the reserved pillars (i.e., the distance along the length of the mining tunnel, see Figure 2 The distance shown by D1 is Figure 1 The distance from left to right in the middle) can be 1.8 to 2.2 m, preferably 2 to 2.2 m, for example, it can be 2 m. The inventors have found that controlling the length of the reserved pillars to be within the above range can improve the mining recovery rate while ensuring the stability and safety of adjacent sub-stopes and manholes.

[0040] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, continuous reserved pillars can be used to separate a single middle section mining area into multiple independent sub-mining areas, preferably using continuous reserved pillars with a length of 2 to 2.2 m. This can further improve the stability of the entire mining area and even the entire mining middle section mining area, thereby improving mining safety.

[0041] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the specifications of multiple safety pillars can be the same or different, and the interval height between any two adjacent safety pillars can be independently 4.5-6.5m, for example, 4.8m, 5m, 5.2m, 5.4m, 5.6m, 5.8m or 6m, etc., thereby meeting the operational needs of mining, ore placing and mining, and effectively supporting the stability of the surrounding surrounding rock, preventing large-scale wall collapse in the mining area, and ensuring the permanent stability of the manhole used for ventilation shafts in the later stage.

[0042] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the safety pillar and the pedestrian shaft (refer to Figure 2The distance shown by L1 in the figure) can be 1.8 - 2.2 m. In this way, it can not only meet the operation requirements of mining, ore drawing and ore output, etc., but also prevent or control rib spalling during the up - mining process of the stope, ensuring the stability of the surrounding rock, especially the surrounding rock around the man - way shaft.

[0043] (2) After the first - level stope is mined back to the predetermined height, at least one ventilation raise is formed above the first - level stope. The ventilation raise is located above the man - way shaft and penetrates through the return airway of the second - level stope or the ground surface. The second - level stope and the first - level stope are arranged vertically.

[0044] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the through - connection of the return airways of the vertically - arranged mid - level stopes or the through - connection of the mid - level stope and the ground - surface return air path can be realized through the ventilation raise. Thus, the underground ventilation system can be effectively improved and the underground operation environment can be optimized. It should be noted that the second - level stope and the first - level stope are respectively located in two vertically - arranged mining mid - levels.

[0045] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the number of ventilation raises in the present invention is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select according to actual needs. For example, it can be selected according to the stability of the surrounding rock of the mining mid - level, the operation environment, the layout mode of the ventilation roadway in the upper mining mid - level, etc. Specifically, the ventilation raise can be one or multiple. When there are multiple ventilation raises, they can be distributed at intervals above the man - way shaft. Further, the ventilation raise can be located directly above and / or obliquely above the man - way shaft, preferably directly above the man - way shaft or circumferentially distributed around the man - way shaft. Thus, it can further facilitate the up - and - down ventilation of the mining mid - level.

[0046] (3) After the mining of the first - level stope is completed, a concrete partition wall is poured between the man - way shaft and the safety pillar. The concrete partition wall is arranged opposite to the reserved intermediate pillar.

[0047] According to the embodiments of the present invention, by pouring a concrete partition wall arranged opposite to the reserved intermediate pillar between the man - way shaft and the safety pillar, preferably pouring a reinforced concrete partition wall, the stability of the periphery of the transformed ventilation raise can be ensured. Further, the original partition board of the man - way shaft can be used as the formwork for pouring the concrete partition wall, so that the formed concrete partition wall serves as the partition wall of the transformed ventilation raise. Thus, the reserved intermediate pillar, the concrete partition wall and the surrounding rock can jointly enclose the ventilation raise, which can further improve the stability of the ventilation raise and make the ventilation raise effective for a long time.

[0048] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the concrete partition wall (the thickness direction can be consistent with the length direction of the reserved intermediate pillar, for reference, such as Figure 2The distance shown as D2 in the figure) can be 25 to 50 cm, for example, it can be 30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm or 45 cm, etc. The inventor found that by controlling the concrete partition wall within the above thickness range, the stability of the transformed ventilation shaft can be significantly improved. Further, after pouring the concrete partition wall, the interval between the security pillar and the concrete partition wall (refer to the distance shown as L1 in the figure) can be 1.8 to 2.2 m, for example, it can be 1.8 m, 2 m or 2.2 m, etc. The interval L2 between the reserved stope pillar and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 to 2.2 m, for example, it can be 1.8 m, 2 m or 2.2 m, etc. Thus, a better support structure can be formed among the security pillar, the concrete partition wall and the reserved stope pillar, and then a permanent ventilation shaft can be formed. Figure 2 The distance shown as L1 in the figure) can be 1.8 to 2.2 m, for example, it can be 1.8 m, 2 m or 2.2 m, etc. The interval L2 between the reserved stope pillar and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 to 2.2 m, for example, it can be 1.8 m, 2 m or 2.2 m, etc. Thus, a better support structure can be formed among the security pillar, the concrete partition wall and the reserved stope pillar, and then a permanent ventilation shaft can be formed.

[0049] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, during the process of mine exploitation, it can be divided into multiple mining levels along its height direction. Each mining level can include at least one ore vein, and the same ore vein can involve multiple mining levels due to its height distribution. The same ore vein can also include multiple stopes in the same mining level. Each stope includes at least two manways, one for intake air and one for return air. Each stope can be further divided into multiple independent sub-stopes by reserved stope pillars. It should be noted that the "first level stope" and "second level stope" in the present invention are only for the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand, and do not specifically refer to the fixed stope of a fixed mining level. It can be any stope in any mining level, as long as the second level stope and the first level stope are distributed up and down. In addition, the extension direction of the mining roadway in the level stope can be taken as the length, and the thickness direction of the surrounding rock / ore body can be taken as the width (where the length and width directions of the stope can be referred to as shown in the figure). Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 The direction from left to right in the figure can represent the length direction of the stope), as shown in Figure 3 As shown, after the stoping is completed, in the length direction of the stope, a goaf is formed on one side of the reserved stope pillar, and a manway is on the other side. The manway is transformed into a ventilation shaft by the reserved stope pillar, the surrounding rock and the concrete partition wall. Goafs are formed between the concrete partition wall and the security pillar and on the side of the security pillar far from the manway; in addition, as shown in Figure 3 As shown, the reserved stope pillar and the security pillar are integral with the surrounding rock. In the level stope of the same ore vein, the width of the manway is basically the same as the width of the level stope, but the length of the goaf is much greater than the length of the manway.

[0050] According to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4As shown, during the stoping process of the intermediate stope, multiple safety pillars reserved on one side of the manway shaft in the intermediate stope and arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction can be collectively referred to as the first type of safety pillars. The first type of safety pillars is used to ensure the operation safety during stope stoping and the stability of the manway shaft before and after transformation, laying a foundation for transforming the manway shaft into a ventilation raise. In addition, according to environmental factors such as the mine strike and surrounding rock structure and safety factors, the second type of safety pillars can be formed in other areas of the stope. The second type of safety pillars is irregularly dispersed in other areas and height levels in the stope, and its main purpose is for mining and safety needs, adapting to local conditions and not for the need of transforming the ventilation raise. That is to say, the safety pillars reserved and used when transforming the manway shaft of the mine stope into a ventilation raise in the present invention all belong to the first type of safety pillars.

[0051] (4) After the concrete partition wall is stabilized, remove the manway platform and ladder of the manway shaft to obtain a ventilation raise

[0052] According to the embodiment of the present invention, by removing the manway platform and ladder of the manway shaft, the ventilation resistance can be further reduced, the underground ventilation system can be improved, and the underground operation environment can be optimized.

[0053] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mining process generally includes multiple mining levels in the mine. The operations of steps (1) to (4) can be repeated for all the mining levels underground; further, each mining level may include multiple stopes. Preferably, the operations of steps (1) to (4) are repeated for each stope in each mining level, thereby further avoiding the disadvantages such as poor safety, high difficulty, and high economic cost of manually driving raises.

[0054] According to still another specific embodiment of the present invention, each stope in the mining level independently includes at least two manway shafts. Preferably, the operations of steps (1) to (4) are performed on at least one manway shaft in each stope in each mining level. The inventor found that the actual situations, operation environments, and required air volumes of each level and stope underground are different, and the requirements for the minimum cross-sectional area of the ventilation system are also different. When the cross-sectional area of a manway shaft is lower than the minimum cross-sectional area of the ventilation system, the operations of steps (1) to (4) can be repeated for other manway shafts in the same stope, that is, at least one of the multiple manway shafts is transformed into a ventilation raise, thereby not only meeting the cross-sectional requirements of the ventilation system but also completely eliminating the operation of manually driving the ventilation raise.

[0055] In summary, according to the method for transforming a ventilation raise by using a manway shaft in a mine stope according to the above embodiments of the present invention, by leaving intermediate pillars during the stope stoping process, the stability of each stope and each sub-stope in the mining level and the manway shaft can be ensured simultaneously; by forming a plurality of safety pillars arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction on the other side of the manway shaft, the rib spalling during the upward mining process of the stope can be further prevented or controlled to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock; and after the stoping of the stope in the level is completed, a concrete partition wall arranged opposite to the reserved intermediate pillar is poured between the manway shaft and the safety pillar, which can further ensure the stability of the periphery of the transformed ventilation raise. Then, through the ventilation raise, the long-term and effective up-and-down ventilation between the lower level and the upper level or the surface can be realized. Therefore, this transformation method only increases the cost of infrastructure pouring (reinforced) concrete and does not require manual raise driving. It is not only convenient for construction and low in economic cost, but also improves the safety production coefficient, overcomes the disadvantage of high mechanical driving cost, and the transformed raise can meet the requirements of the ventilation system, effectively improve the underground ventilation system, and optimize the underground working environment.

[0056] According to the second aspect of the present invention, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides a ventilation raise transformed by using a mine manway shaft. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation raise includes: a reserved intermediate pillar 100, a plurality of safety pillars 200, a concrete partition wall 300, and a ventilation raise 400. The following will refer to Figures 2 to 3 for a detailed description of the ventilation raise transformed by using a mine stope manway shaft.

[0057] Reserved intermediate pillar 100

[0058] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reserved intermediate pillar 100 is located on one side of the ventilation raise (original manway shaft) 500, and the reserved intermediate pillar is used to ensure the stability between each stope and each sub-stope in the mining level and the periphery of the ventilation raise before and after transformation. For example, as shown in Figure 2 , when the stope in the level is mined from bottom to top, an intermediate pillar can be reserved on the right side of the manway shaft, which can not only ensure the operation safety during stope stoping but also ensure the stability of the periphery of the manway shaft, laying a foundation for transforming the manway shaft into a ventilation raise.

[0059] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reserved intermediate pillar 100 can be a continuous intermediate pillar, which can further improve the stability between each stope and each sub-stope in the mining level and the periphery of the manway shaft before and after transformation, ensure operation safety, and avoid operation risks such as roof fall, rib spalling, and loose rock injuring people around the manway shaft. Further, the length D1 (i.e., the distance along the mining roadway direction) of the reserved intermediate pillar 100 can be 1.8 - 2.2 m, preferably 2 - 2.2 m, for example, it can be 2 m. The inventor found that controlling the length of the reserved intermediate pillar within the above range can ensure the stability and safety of adjacent sub-stopes and the manway shaft while improving the mining recovery rate.

[0060] According to still another specific embodiment of the present invention, a single stope can be divided into multiple independent sub-stopes by using continuous reserved rib pillars. Preferably, continuous reserved rib pillars with a length of 2 - 2.2 m are used, whereby the stability of the entire stope and the stopes in the entire mining level can be further improved, and mining safety can be enhanced.

[0061] Multiple safety pillars 200

[0062] According to an embodiment of the present invention, multiple safety pillars 200 are located on the other side of the ventilation raise 500 and are arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction in the level stope. The multiple safety pillars 200 are used to prevent or control rib spalling during the upward mining of the stope and ensure the stability of the surrounding rock. For example, as shown in Figure 2 the figure, multiple safety pillars arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction of the stope can be reserved on the left side of the man shaft, whereby the stability around the man shaft can be further ensured, laying a foundation for transforming the man shaft into a ventilation raise. It should be noted that the "level stope" described in the present invention can be understood as any stope in any mining level, where each mining level can include multiple stopes, and each stope can further include multiple sub-stopes; in addition, the "one side" and "the other side" of the man shaft can be respectively understood as the two sides along the length direction of the mining roadway in the level stope.

[0063] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specifications of the multiple safety pillars 200 can be the same or different. The interval height between any two adjacent safety pillars 200 can be independently 4.5 - 6.5 m respectively. For example, it can be 4.8 m, 5 m, 5.2 m, 5.4 m, 5.6 m, 5.8 m or 6 m, etc. Thereby, it can not only meet the operation requirements such as mining, ore drawing and mucking, but also effectively support the stability of the surrounding rock, prevent large-area rib spalling and caving in the stope, and ensure the permanent stability of the man shaft for use as a ventilation raise in the later stage.

[0064] According to still another specific embodiment of the present invention, the interval between the safety pillar 200 and the man shaft can be 1.8 - 2.2 m. Thereby, it can not only meet the operation requirements such as mining, ore drawing and mucking, but also prevent or control rib spalling during the upward mining of the stope and ensure the stability of the surrounding rock, especially the surrounding rock around the man shaft.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present invention, during the stoping process of the middle section stope, a plurality of safety pillars 200 arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction of the middle section stope can be collectively referred to as the first type of safety pillars. The first type of safety pillars is used to ensure the operation safety during stope stoping and ensure the stability of the man shaft before and after transformation, laying a foundation for transforming the ventilation raise of the man shaft. In addition, according to environmental factors such as the mine strike and surrounding rock structure and safety factors, the second type of safety pillars can be formed in other areas of the stope. The second type of safety pillars is irregularly dispersed in other areas and height levels in the stope. Its main purpose is for mining and safety needs, adapting to local conditions, and is not for the need of transforming the ventilation raise. That is to say, the safety pillars 200 in the ventilation raise transformed by using the man shaft of the mine stope in the present invention all belong to the first type of safety pillars.

[0066] Concrete partition wall 300

[0067] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the concrete partition wall 300 is located between the ventilation raise 500 and a plurality of safety pillars 200, and is arranged opposite to the reserved intermediate pillar 100 and serves as the partition wall of the ventilation raise 500. The concrete partition wall is used to ensure the stability around the ventilation raise. For example, referring to Figure 2 As shown, after the stoping of the middle section stope is completed, a concrete partition wall arranged opposite to the reserved intermediate pillar can be poured between the man shaft and the safety pillar. Preferably, a reinforced concrete partition wall is poured. After the concrete partition wall is stable, the man platform and ladder of the man shaft are removed to reduce the ventilation resistance. Further, the original partition board of the man shaft can be used as the formwork for pouring the concrete partition wall, so that the formed concrete partition wall serves as the partition wall of the transformed ventilation raise. Thus, the reserved intermediate pillar, the concrete partition wall and the surrounding rock can jointly enclose the ventilation raise, thereby further improving the stability of the ventilation raise and enabling the ventilation raise to be effective for a long time.

[0068] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the thickness D2 of the concrete partition wall 300 (the thickness direction can be the same as the length direction of the reserved intermediate pillar) can be 25 - 50 cm, for example, it can be 30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm or 45 cm, etc. The inventor found that by controlling the thickness of the concrete partition wall within the above range, the stability of the transformed ventilation raise can be significantly improved. Further, after pouring the concrete partition wall, the interval L1 between the safety pillar 200 and the concrete partition wall 300 can be 1.8 - 2.2 m, for example, it can be 1.8 m, 2 m or 2.2 m, etc. The interval L2 between the reserved intermediate pillar 100 and the concrete partition wall 300 can be 1.8 - 2.2 m, for example, it can be 1.8 m, 2 m or 2.2 m, etc. Thus, a better support structure can be formed among the safety pillar, the concrete partition wall and the reserved intermediate pillar, and then a permanent ventilation raise can be formed.

[0069] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 and3 As shown, taking the direction along the middle-section roadway as the length, the thickness direction of the ore body (stope) as the width, and the vertical direction between the upper and lower middle sections as the height, it is preferred that both the length and width of the ventilation raise 500 are not greater than those of the safety ore pillar 200, and the vertical projection of the safety ore pillar 200 on the lower-middle-section roadway completely covers the same plane, whereby the stability of the surrounding rock around the ventilation raise from bottom to top can be further improved. Further, the concrete partition wall 300, as the partition wall of the ventilation raise 500, can have a thickness D2 of 25 - 50 cm, and its pouring width is consistent with the width of the ventilation raise, which is determined according to the cross-sectional size of the ventilation raise.

[0070] Ventilation cut raise 400

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation cut raise 400 is located above the ventilation raise 500 and penetrates through the return airway of another stope in the upper middle section or the ground surface. The ventilation cut raise is used for up-and-down ventilation. It should be noted that another stope in the upper middle section refers to a stope in another mining middle section located above the mining middle section where the ventilation cut raise is located. Thus, the connection between the stope in the lower mining middle section and the return airway of the stope in the upper mining middle section or the connection between the stope in the lower mining middle section and the surface return path can be achieved through the ventilation cut raise, thereby effectively improving the underground ventilation system and optimizing the underground working environment.

[0072] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the number of ventilation shafts 400 in the present invention is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select according to actual needs. For example, it can be selected according to the stability of the surrounding rock in the mining level, the working environment, the layout mode of the ventilation roadway in the upper mining level, etc. Specifically, the ventilation shaft can be one or multiple. When there are multiple ventilation shafts, they can be distributed at intervals above the manway shaft. Further, the ventilation shaft can be directly above and / or obliquely above the manway shaft, preferably directly above the manway shaft or distributed circumferentially around the manway shaft, which can further facilitate the up and down ventilation of the mining level. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, during the mine exploitation process, it can be divided into multiple mining levels along its height direction, and the ventilation raise can be provided in all the underground mining levels; further, each mining level can include multiple stopes, and it is preferable to set the ventilation raise in each stope of each mining level, that is, to perform the operation of transforming the manway shaft in each stope of each mining level into a ventilation raise, which can further avoid the disadvantages of poor safety, high difficulty and high economic cost in manual driving of the raise; in addition, each mining level includes multiple stopes, and each stope independently includes at least two manway shafts. Preferably, the number of ventilation raises in the mining level is not less than the number of stopes in the mining level. The inventor found that due to the different actual situations, working environments and required air volumes in each underground level and stope, the requirements for the minimum cross-sectional area of the ventilation system are also different. When the cross-sectional area of a manway shaft is lower than the minimum cross-sectional area of the ventilation system, other manway shafts in the same stope can also be transformed to become ventilation raises, that is, at least one of the multiple manway shafts is transformed into a ventilation raise, which can not only meet the cross-sectional requirements of the ventilation system, but also completely eliminate the operation of manual driving of the ventilation raise.

[0073] In summary, the ventilation raise formed by transforming the manway shaft in the mine stope according to the above embodiments of the present invention can significantly improve the stability of the original manway shaft in the stope through the mutual cooperation of reserved inter-column, multiple security inter-columns arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction of the stope in the level and the concrete partition wall, enabling it to be used as a ventilation raise. Compared with the existing ventilation raises, this ventilation raise is obtained by transforming the manway shaft in the stope where stoping has ended, only increasing the cost of infrastructure pouring (reinforced) concrete, without the need for manual driving of the raise. It is not only convenient for construction, has low economic cost, but also improves the safety production coefficient, overcomes the disadvantage of high cost in mechanical driving, and the transformed raise can meet the requirements of the ventilation system, effectively improving the underground ventilation system and optimizing the underground working environment.

[0074] The scheme of the present invention will be explained below in conjunction with the embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product specifications are used. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer and are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] Taoxikeng Tungsten Mine uses the pedestrian shaft of the mining area to transform the ventilation skylight. Figure 4 The reconstruction of the middle ventilation skylight from +56m to +106m of the west zone return air system is shown in the figure. The cross-sectional area of ​​the middle ventilation skylight is 4.5m 2 (length × width: 3m × 1.5m), which is smaller than the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​6.28m required by the ventilation system 2 , it is necessary to add a ventilation shaft and increase the total cross-sectional size of the ventilation shaft to ensure that it meets the ventilation system requirements.

[0077] During the mining process, a continuous spacer with a length of 2m is reserved on the right side of the manhole, and four safety pillars of different specifications are reserved on the left side with an interval of about 5 meters as the mining site goes up. These are used to support the stability of the surrounding surrounding rock, prevent large-scale rock collapse in the mine, and ensure the permanent stability of the manhole when used for ventilation shafts in the future.

[0078] After the mining area has been mined to a certain height, three ventilation cut shafts (with specifications of length × width: 2m×1.5m, 1.6m×1.5m, and 3m×1.5m respectively) are constructed upward near the pedestrian shaft and penetrate the upper middle section return air tunnel for later upper and lower middle section ventilation.

[0079] After the mining is completed, a 30cm thick reinforced concrete partition wall is poured on the left side of the pedestrian well as the side of the patio. After the concrete is stable, the pedestrian platform and ladder of the pedestrian well are removed to reduce ventilation resistance, and finally a cross-sectional area of ​​2.55m is formed. 2 (length × width: 1.7m × 1.5m) permanent ventilation shaft.

[0080] Through the transformation, the original 4.5m 2 Ventilation skylight, the cross-sectional area of ​​the middle section of the return air system from +56m to +106m in the west area of ​​the mine is 7.05m 2 , meeting the return air requirements of the ventilation system in the west area from the middle section of +56m to the middle section of +106m, effectively improving the underground ventilation system and optimizing the underground working environment.

[0081] Among them, the above-mentioned method of using the pedestrian shaft of the end-of-mining stope to transform the ventilation skylight only increases the cost of pouring reinforced concrete for infrastructure construction by 47m×1.5m×0.3m×450 yuan / m3 = 9,500 yuan. Compared with the cost of manually driving a raise of 47 m × 1,400 yuan / m = 65,800 yuan and the cost of mechanically driving a raise of 47 m * 3,300 yuan / m = 155,100 yuan, the economic benefits are obvious.

[0082] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0083] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transforming a ventilation raise by using a personnel shaft in a mine stope, characterized in that Including: (1) When the first middle - level stope is mined from bottom to top, a partition pillar is reserved on one side of the man - way shaft, and a plurality of safety pillars are reserved on the other side of the man - way shaft. The plurality of safety pillars are arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction of the first middle - level stope; (2) After the first middle - level stope is mined to a predetermined height, at least one ventilation raise is formed above the first middle - level stope. The ventilation raise is located above the man - way shaft and penetrates through the return airway of the second middle - level stope or the ground surface. The second middle - level stope and the first middle - level stope are arranged vertically; (3) After the mining of the first middle - level stope is completed, a concrete partition wall is poured between the man - way shaft and the safety pillars. The concrete partition wall is arranged opposite to the reserved partition pillar; (4) After the concrete partition wall is stabilized, the man - way platform and ladder of the man - way shaft are removed to obtain a ventilation shaft; 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Step (1) satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The mining level where the first middle - level stope is located includes multiple stopes, and operations of steps (1) - (4) are performed on at least one man - way shaft in each stope; The reserved partition pillar is a continuous partition pillar; The length of the reserved partition pillar is 1.8 - 2.2 m; The reserved partition pillar divides the first middle - level stope into multiple independent sub - stopes; The interval height between any two adjacent safety pillars is independently 4.5 - 6.5 m; 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Step (2) satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The ventilation raise is one or more, and the multiple ventilation raises are distributed at intervals above the man - way shaft; The ventilation raise is located directly above and / or obliquely above the man - way shaft; 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step (3) satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The thickness of the concrete partition wall is 25 - 50 cm; The concrete partition wall is a reinforced concrete structure; The interval between the safety pillar and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 - 2.2 m; The interval between the reserved partition pillar and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 - 2.2 m; The original partition board of the man - way shaft is used as the formwork for pouring the concrete partition wall; 5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, Operations of steps (1) - (4) are repeated for all mining levels underground; 6. A ventilation raise transformed from a personnel shaft in a mine stope, characterized in that, Including: A reserved partition pillar, which is located on one side of the man - way shaft; A plurality of safety pillars, which are located on the other side of the man - way shaft and are arranged at intervals along the upward mining direction in the middle - level stope; A concrete partition wall, which is located between the man - way shaft and the plurality of safety pillars, and is arranged opposite to the reserved partition pillar and serves as the partition wall of the ventilation shaft; A ventilation raise, which is located above the man - way shaft and penetrates through the return airway of another upper middle - level stope or the ground surface; 7. The ventilation shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that, Satisfies at least one of the following conditions: Ventilation shafts are provided in all mining levels underground; The mining levels with ventilation shafts include multiple stopes, and the number of ventilation shafts in this mining level is not less than the number of stopes in this mining level; 8. The ventilation shaft according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that Satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The reserved partition pillar is a continuous partition pillar; The length of the reserved partition pillar is 1.8 - 2.2 m; Each middle - level stope independently includes multiple sub - stopes, and the multiple sub - stopes are separated by the reserved partition pillar; The interval heights between any two adjacent security pillars are independently 4.5 to 6.5 m respectively.

9. The ventilation shaft according to claim 8, wherein, At least one of the following conditions is satisfied: There is one or more ventilation raises, and multiple ventilation raises are spaced above the manway shaft; The ventilation raise is located directly above and / or obliquely above the manway shaft.

10. The ventilation shaft according to claim 6 or 9, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions is satisfied: The thickness of the concrete partition wall is 25 to 50 cm; The concrete partition wall is a reinforced concrete structure; The interval between the security pillar and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 to 2.2 m; The interval between the reserved intermediate pillar and the concrete partition wall is 1.8 to 2.2 m; The formwork for pouring the concrete partition wall includes the original partition board of the manway shaft before transformation.

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