Soil advance detection device and detection method for the front of the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to an advance detection device and detection method for the soil quality in front of the cutter disc of a tunnel boring machine. The detection device comprises: a mounting seat installed on a chest plate, an installation space formed inside the mounting seat; a spherical adjustment member, which can be freely rotated and adjusted in the installation space, and an installation pipe is provided inside; a control valve installed on the spherical adjustment member, which is used to control the connection and closure of the installation pipe; a detection member that can be inserted into the installation pipe, the detection member and the installation pipe are sealed and connected, and the end of the detection member can extend from the first end to detect the soil quality in front of the cutter disc. The detection member of the present invention can be extended into any detection position at the cutter disc for detection as needed, and the spherical adjustment member also provides the detection member with a position adjustment function, so that the detection member can detect any position in front of the tunnel boring machine. The detection of the present invention is safer and more reliable, and the detection time is short, which can reduce the construction cost and reduce the impact on the construction period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shield tunneling, and in particular to a soil advance detection device and a detection method for the front part of a tunnel boring machine cutter head. Background Art

[0002] A roadheader is a machine used to dig tunnels on a flat surface, and is mainly used to form tunnels in underground excavation construction. During the construction of the roadheader, the soil conditions in front of the cutterhead of the roadheader have a great impact on the construction of the roadheader. Therefore, when the roadheader is in construction, it is necessary to obtain the soil conditions in front of the cutterhead of the roadheader for analysis to guide the construction of the roadheader. The existing practice is to stop the roadheader first, and then the construction personnel enter the front of the roadheader to detect the soil in front of the cutterhead. However, when the roadheader is excavating underground, there is a certain pressure at the cutterhead. There are certain safety hazards for construction personnel to enter the warehouse to detect the soil under pressure. In addition, the time required for construction personnel to conduct manual detection is relatively long, and the downtime of the roadheader is correspondingly longer, which increases the construction cost and affects the construction period. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a soil advance detection device and detection method for the front of the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine, so as to solve the problems of potential safety hazards in the existing manual pressure-carrying soil detection and the long manual detection time, increased construction costs and impact on the construction period.

[0004] The technical solution to achieve the above purpose is:

[0005] The present invention provides a soil advance detection device at the front of a tunnel boring machine cutterhead, which is installed on a chest plate behind the cutterhead. The detection device comprises:

[0006] A mounting seat mounted on the breast plate, wherein a mounting space is formed inside the mounting seat, an inner wall surface of the mounting seat forming the mounting space is an arc surface, a first opening and a second opening are provided on opposite sides of the mounting seat, the first opening and the second opening are both communicated with the mounting space, and the first opening is located on a side of the breast plate close to the blade disc, and the second opening is located on a side of the breast plate away from the blade disc;

[0007] A spherical adjusting member is arranged in the installation space and abuts against the inner wall surface of the installation seat, the spherical adjusting member is sealedly connected to the inner wall surface of the installation seat, the spherical adjusting member can be freely rotated and adjusted in the installation space, a part of the spherical adjusting member extends from the first opening to form a first end, and a part of the spherical adjusting member extends from the second opening to form a second end, and a mounting pipe is arranged inside the spherical adjusting member and passes through the first end and the second end;

[0008] a control valve mounted on the spherical adjusting member and disposed near the second end, the control valve being used to control the connection and closure of the installation pipeline; and

[0009] A detection member can be inserted into the installation pipe, the detection member and the installation pipe are sealed and connected, and an end of the detection member can extend from the first end to detect the soil in front of the cutter disc.

[0010] The detection device provided by the present invention is installed on the chest plate behind the cutter disc, and the detection member arranged thereon can be extended into the position of the cutter disc. According to the actual detection needs, the detection member can be extended into any detection position of the cutter disc for detection. In addition, the spherical adjustment member on the detection device can be freely rotated and adjusted in the installation space, providing an adjustment function for the detection member. By rotating and adjusting the spherical adjustment member, the position of the detection member can be adjusted accordingly, so that the detection member can detect any position in front of the tunnel boring machine, making the detection operation more comprehensive. Compared with the existing artificial pressure-entry detection method, the detection device of the present invention is safer and more reliable, reduces safety hazards, and has a short detection time, which can reduce construction costs and reduce the impact on the construction period.

[0011] A further improvement of the soil advance detection device at the front of the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention is that a through hole is provided on the breast plate corresponding to the mounting seat;

[0012] The mounting seat comprises a first annular tube and a second annular tube, wherein the first annular tube and the second annular tube are mounted on opposite sides of the breast plate corresponding to the through hole;

[0013] The first opening is formed on the end of the first annular tube away from the breast plate, and the inner surface of the first annular tube is an arc surface;

[0014] The second opening is formed on the end of the second annular tube away from the breast plate, and the inner surface of the second annular tube is an arc surface;

[0015] The inner surface of the second annular tube, the inner surface of the first annular tube and the through hole enclose the installation space.

[0016] A further improvement of the soil advance detection device at the front of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention is that the end of the first annular tube in contact with the breast plate is bent outward to form a ring-shaped first connecting end, and the first connecting end is attached to the side surface corresponding to the breast plate and is sealed and connected to the breast plate;

[0017] The end of the second annular tube in contact with the breast plate is bent to form a ring-shaped second connecting end, and the second connecting end is attached to the side surface corresponding to the breast plate and is sealed to the breast plate.

[0018] A further improvement of the soil advance detection device at the front of the tunnel boring machine cutter disc of the present invention is that the first end is tubular, and the mouth of the first opening is provided with an arc-shaped limit surface adapted to the outer surface of the first end, and the arc-shaped limit surface can be attached to the first end to limit the rotation adjustment range of the spherical adjustment member.

[0019] A further improvement of the soil advance detection device at the front of the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine of the present invention is that a static penetration probe is installed at the end of the detection member extending into the cutterhead.

[0020] The present invention also provides a detection method based on the soil advance detection device at the front of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Installing the detection device on the breast plate of the roadheader;

[0022] Insert the detection member into the installation pipe, and let the end of the detection member extend to the position of the cutter disc where detection is required, and use the detection member to detect the soil in front of the cutter disc and obtain detection data;

[0023] During the detection process of the detection member, the position of the end of the detection member located at the cutter disc is adjusted by rotating the spherical adjustment member to adjust the detection range, thereby obtaining detection data of multiple position points.

[0024] A further improvement of the detection method of the present invention is that it also includes:

[0025] A static penetration probe is provided, which is installed at the end of the detection member where it extends into the cutter disc, and the soil quality in front of the cutter disc is detected by using the static penetration probe.

[0026] A further improvement of the detection method of the present invention is that it also includes:

[0027] A camera is provided, and the camera is installed at the end of the detection member where it extends into the cutter disc, and the camera is used to capture an image at the cutter disc to form image data.

[0028] A further improvement of the detection method of the present invention is that it also includes:

[0029] A soil sampler is provided, and the soil sampler is installed at the end of the detection member extending into the cutter disc, and a sample of the soil in front of the cutter disc is obtained by using the soil sampler.

[0030] A further improvement of the detection method of the present invention is that after the detection is completed, the detection member is withdrawn and the installation pipeline is closed by using the control valve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the soil advance detection device at the front of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention installed on the breast plate.

[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view of.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil advance detection device at the front of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention, with the control valve controlling the installation pipeline installed on the chest plate in a closed state.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil advance detection device at the front of the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine according to the present invention, which is installed on a breast plate and the detection member is inserted into a mounting pipe.

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the spherical adjusting member in the structure shown is rotated upward to be adjusted to the limit position.

[0036] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the spherical adjusting member in the structure shown is rotated downward to be adjusted to the limit position.

[0037] Figure 7 The present invention is a flow chart of a detection method based on a soil advance detection device at the front of a tunnel boring machine cutter head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] See also Figure 1The present invention provides a device and method for detecting the soil quality in front of the cutter disc of a tunnel boring machine, which is used for detecting the soil quality in front of the cutter disc of the tunnel boring machine in advance, avoiding the potential safety hazard of construction personnel entering the warehouse under pressure for manual detection, and can also reduce the time of stopping the tunnel boring machine for detection, thereby reducing the impact on the construction period and reducing costs. A chest plate is provided at the rear of the cutter disc of the tunnel boring machine, and the soil debris cut by the cutter disc will not enter the interior of the tunnel boring machine through the provided chest plate. A closed chamber is formed between the chest plate and the excavation surface of the tunnel boring machine, and the chamber contains soil cut by the cutter disc, slurry for flushing the cutter disc, and soil improvement slurry, which is also called a mud and water chamber. The detection device of the present invention is sealed and installed on the chest plate, which will not affect the sealing performance of the mud and water bin. The detection device realizes a ball joint connection through the mutual cooperation of the installation space and the spherical adjustment member. The spherical adjustment member can be freely rotated and adjusted in the installation space, thereby providing a position adjustment function for the detection member inserted on the spherical adjustment member, so that the detection member can cover any position around the cutter disc, realizing the full-section soil detection of the excavation surface. The soil advance detection device and detection method for the front of the cutter disc of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] See also Figure 1 , showing a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the soil advance detection device at the front of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention installed on the breast plate. Figure 3 , showing a cross-sectional view of the soil quality advance detection device at the front of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention installed on the chest plate with the control valve controlling the installation pipeline in a closed state. Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the soil advance detection device in front of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention is described.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the soil advance detection device 20 at the front of the cutter disc of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention is installed on the breast plate 10 behind the cutter disc, and the detection device 20 includes a mounting seat 21, a spherical adjustment member 22, a control valve 23 and a detection member 24, wherein the mounting seat 21 is installed on the breast plate 10, and an installation space 211 is formed inside the mounting seat 21, and the inner wall surface 212 of the mounting seat 21 forming the installation space 21 is an arc surface, and the first opening 2131 and the second opening 2141 are provided on opposite sides of the mounting seat 21, and the first opening 2131 and the second opening 2141 are both connected to the installation space 211, and the first opening 2131 is located on the side of the breast plate 10 close to the cutter disc, and the second opening 2141 is located on the side of the breast plate 10 away from the cutter disc. The spherical adjusting member 22 is arranged in the installation space 2111 and is attached to the inner wall surface 212 of the mounting seat 21. The spherical adjusting member 22 and the inner wall surface 212 of the mounting seat 21 are sealed and connected. The spherical adjusting member 22 can be freely rotated and adjusted in the installation space 211. A part of the spherical adjusting member 22 extends from the first opening 2131 to form a first end 221, and another part of the spherical adjusting member 22 extends from the second opening 2141 to form a second end 222. The spherical adjusting member 22 is provided with an installation pipe 223 passing through the first end 221 and the second end 222. The control valve 23 is installed on the spherical adjusting member 22 and is arranged near the second end 222. The control valve 23 is used to control the connection and closing of the installation pipe 223, that is, by operating the control valve 23, the installation pipe 223 can be placed in a connected state or in a closed state. The detection member 24 can be inserted into the installation pipe 223. When the detection member 24 is inserted into the installation pipe 223, the detection member 24 and the installation pipe 223 are sealed and connected. The end of the detection member 24 can extend from the first end 221 to detect the soil quality in front of the cutter disc. Specifically, when the detection member 24 needs to be inserted into the installation pipe 223 to detect the soil quality in front of the cutter disc, the control valve 23 is operated to put the installation pipe 223 in a connected state, that is, the installation pipe 223 is connected to the opposite sides of the breast plate 10, that is, the space inside the tunnel boring machine and the cutter disc is connected. At this time, the detection member 24 can be inserted into the installation pipe 223 to complete the soil quality detection operation. After the detection operation is completed, the detection member 24 is pulled out of the installation pipe 223, and then the control valve 23 is operated to put the installation pipe 223 in a closed state to prevent the slurry at the cutter disc from entering the interior of the tunnel boring machine from the installation pipe 223.

[0042] Since the spherical adjusting member 22 can be freely rotatably placed in the installation space 211, when the soil is detected by the detection member 24, the spherical adjusting member 22 is rotated and adjusted to adjust the position of the detection member 24. In this way, the detection member 24 can detect the working condition of the area at the cutter disc corresponding to the rotation adjustment range of the spherical adjusting member 22. Based on this, according to the size of the breast plate and the position of each component on the tunnel boring machine, multiple detection devices 20 are designed to achieve full coverage detection of the cutter disc area, and there is no need to enter the warehouse under pressure, which has high safety.

[0043] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a through hole 101 is provided on the chest plate 10 corresponding to the mounting seat 21;

[0044] The mounting seat 21 includes a first annular tube 213 and a second annular tube 214, which are mounted on opposite sides of the breast plate 10 corresponding to the through hole 101; a first opening 2131 is formed on the end of the first annular tube 213 away from the breast plate 10, and the inner surface of the first annular tube 213 is an arc surface; a second opening 2141 is formed on the end of the second annular tube 214 away from the breast plate 10, and the inner surface of the second annular tube 214 is an arc surface; the inner surface of the second annular tube 214, the inner surface of the first annular tube 213 and the through hole 101 enclose a mounting space 211.

[0045] Preferably, the first annular tube 213 and the second annular tube 214 are formed by cutting off a part of the upper portion of a hemispherical plate, where an opening is formed, and the inner and outer surfaces of the hemispherical upper plate body become annular arc surfaces due to cutting.

[0046] The inner surfaces of the first annular tube 213 and the second annular tube 214 are adapted to the shape of the spherical adjusting member 22 , and the outer surface of the spherical adjusting member 22 is in contact with the inner surfaces of the first annular tube 213 and the second annular tube 214 , and can be rotated and adjusted along the inner surfaces of the first annular tube 213 and the second annular tube 214 .

[0047] Furthermore, if Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the end of the first annular tube 213 in contact with the breast plate 10 is bent outward to form an annular first connecting end 2132, and the first connecting end 2132 is attached to the side corresponding to the breast plate 10 and is sealed and connected to the breast plate 10. The end of the second annular tube 214 in contact with the breast plate 10 is bent outward to form an annular second connecting end 2142, and the second connecting end 2142 is attached to the side corresponding to the breast plate 10 and is sealed and connected to the breast plate 10. Preferably, a sealing ring is connected to the surface of the first connecting end 2132 and the second connecting end 2142 in contact with the breast plate 10, and the sealing ring is sealed and connected to the connection between the first connecting end 2132, the second connecting end 2142 and the breast plate 10. When the first connecting end 2132 and the second connecting end 2142 are fastened, the fastening connection is achieved by passing through the first connecting end 2132, the breast plate 10 and the second connecting end 2142. Two sealing rings are provided, located on both sides of the fastening connection.

[0048] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the inner wall surface 212 of the mounting seat 21 is provided with an annular groove 2121, and a sealing strip 25 is provided in the annular groove 2121. The sealing strip 25 is in close contact with the corresponding part of the spherical adjusting member 22, thereby sealing the spherical adjusting member 22 and the inner wall surface of the mounting seat 21. When the spherical adjusting member 22 is rotated and adjusted in the installation space 211, the sealing is achieved by the provided sealing strip 25, which can prevent the muddy water on the front side of the breast plate 10 from entering the rear side of the breast plate 10 through the space between the spherical adjusting member 22 and the installation space 211. Preferably, an annular groove 2121 and a sealing strip 25 are provided on the side of the mounting seat 21 close to the cutter head, and the annular groove 2121 and the sealing strip 25 are provided in two. Specifically, two annular grooves 2121 are provided on the inner surface of the first annular cylinder 213, and the sealing strip 25 is embedded in the annular grooves 2121.

[0049] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the size of the first opening 2131 is larger than the size of the first end 221, and the size of the second opening 2141 is larger than the size of the second end 222. The sizes of the first opening 2131 and the second opening 2141 define the rotation adjustment range of the spherical adjustment member 22. The limit range of the rotation adjustment of the spherical adjustment member 22 is that the first end 221 contacts the periphery of the first opening 2131, and the second end 222 contacts the periphery of the second opening 2141. Figure 1 As shown, the first opening 2131 and the second opening 2141 are circular openings, and the spherical adjusting member 22 can be freely rotated and adjusted within the circular range of the first opening 2131 and the second opening 2141 .

[0050] Furthermore, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first end portion 221 is tubular, and the mouth of the first opening 2131 is provided with an arc-shaped limiting surface 2133 adapted to the outer surface of the first end portion 221 . The arc-shaped limiting surface 2133 can be attached to the first end portion 221 to limit the rotation adjustment range of the spherical adjusting member 22 .

[0051] The second end portion 222 is also tubular, and the mouth of the second opening 2141 is provided with an arcuate abutting surface 2143 matched with the outer surface of the second end portion 222 . The arcuate abutting surface 2143 can be in contact with the second end portion 222 to limit the rotation adjustment range of the spherical adjusting member 22 .

[0052] Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, when the spherical adjusting member 22 is rotated upward to the limit position, the first end 221 is in contact with the upper part of the arc-shaped limiting surface 2133, and the second end 222 is in contact with the lower part of the arc-shaped abutting surface 2143. When the spherical adjusting member 22 is rotated downward to the limit position, the second end 222 is in contact with the upper part of the arc-shaped abutting surface 2143, and the first end 221 is in contact with the lower part of the arc-shaped limiting surface 2133.

[0053] Furthermore, the spherical adjusting member 22 includes a spherical portion, a first tubular portion formed on one side of the spherical portion, and a second tubular portion formed on the other side of the spherical portion. An installation pipe is provided in the middle of the first tubular portion, the second tubular portion and the spherical portion. The cross-section of the installation pipe is circular. The spherical portion is arranged in the installation space, the first tubular portion extends from the first opening to form a first end portion, and the second tubular portion extends from the second opening to form a second end portion.

[0054] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, the shape of the detector 24 matches the shape of the installation pipe 223, and the detector 24 is sealed between the end of the breast plate 10 away from the cutter head and the second end 222. Preferably, the control valve 23 is butt-connected to the second end 222, and the end of the control valve 23 and the detector 24 are sealed by a sealing ring 26.

[0055] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a static penetration test is installed on the end of the detection member 24 that is inserted into the cutter disc, and the static penetration test is used to detect the soil quality in front of the cutter disc. The static penetration test includes a cone head, a first sensor, a friction cylinder and a second sensor. The first sensor is connected to the cone head and is used to detect the cone tip resistance of the cone head. The friction cylinder is connected to the rear of the cone head. The second sensor is connected to the friction cylinder. The second sensor is used to detect the combined force of the cone tip resistance of the cone head and the side wall friction resistance of the friction cylinder. When detecting the soil quality, the cone head and the friction cylinder are inserted into the soil in front of the cutter disc. The side wall friction resistance can be obtained by subtracting the data detected by the first sensor from the data detected by the second sensor. The detection results of the static penetration test can be used to divide soil layers and soil types, and various engineering property indicators of the soil can also be solved to determine the bearing capacity of the soil and judge the possibility of soil liquefaction.

[0056] In another specific embodiment, a pressure sensor is installed at the end of the probe 24 that extends into the cutter head, and the pressure sensor can be used to measure the pressure data at any position on the front side of the chest plate 10. When it is necessary to measure the pressure, the static probe is installed at the end of the probe 24, and then the probe 24 is extended into the installation pipe 233, and the detection position of the static probe is adjusted by adjusting the insertion length of the probe 24 and the rotation of the spherical adjustment member 22, so that the static probe can cover a certain detection range. By setting multiple detection devices 20, the full range of detection of the front side of the chest plate 10 can be achieved.

[0057] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a camera is installed at the end of the probe 24 that is inserted into the cutter disc, and the camera can be used to capture image data of the front side of the chest plate 10 to intuitively understand the working conditions at the cutter disc, so that the image data can be used to analyze the soil quality in front of the cutter disc. By adjusting the insertion length of the probe 24 and the rotation adjustment of the spherical adjustment member 22, the camera can capture all images of the front side of the chest plate 10, achieving a 360° shooting effect without blind spots.

[0058] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a soil sampler is installed at the end of the probe 24 that extends into the cutter disc, and the soil sampler is used to sample the soil in front of the cutter disc. When sampling the soil, the soil sampler at the end of the probe 24 is brought into contact with the soil in front of the cutter disc, and then the soil sampling is achieved by drilling the soil. By setting the position and number of the detection device 20, combined with the rotation adjustment function of the spherical adjustment member 22, full-section sampling of the soil in front of the cutter disc can be achieved.

[0059] The present invention also provides a detection method based on the soil advance detection device at the front of the tunnel boring machine cutter head, and the detection method is described below.

[0060] like Figure 7As shown, the detection method based on the soil advance detection device at the front of the tunnel boring machine cutter head of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0061] Execute step S11, install the detection device on the breast plate of the tunnel boring machine; then execute step S12;

[0062] Execute step S12, insert the detection member into the installation pipe, and let the end of the detection member extend to the position of the cutter disc where detection is required, use the detection member to detect the soil in front of the cutter disc and obtain detection data; then execute step S13;

[0063] Step S13 is executed. During the detection process of the detection member, the position of the end of the detection member located at the cutter disc is adjusted by rotating the spherical adjustment member to adjust the detection range, thereby obtaining detection data of multiple position points.

[0064] Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the end of the detection member 24 of the present invention can be extended into the soil in front of the cutter disc, and the extension length of the detection member 24 can be adjusted as needed. After the end of the detection member 24 is extended to a certain position, the detection member 24 can be adjusted to the desired detection position by rotating the spherical adjustment member. In this way, it is possible to detect the working condition of any position of the cutter disc inside the tunnel boring machine without the need for pressure entry, thereby achieving comprehensive detection of the cutter disc, i.e., in front of the chest plate.

[0065] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it also includes: providing a static penetration probe, installing the static penetration probe at the end of the detection member extending into the cutter disc, and using the static penetration probe to detect the soil quality in front of the cutter disc.

[0066] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it also includes: providing a camera, installing the camera at the end of the detection member where it extends into the cutter disc, and using the camera to capture an image at the cutter disc to form image data.

[0067] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it also includes: providing a soil sampler, installing the soil sampler at the end of the detection member extending into the cutter disc, and using the soil sampler to obtain a sample of the soil in front of the cutter disc.

[0068] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, after the detection is completed, the detection member is pulled out and the installation pipeline is closed by using a control valve.

[0069] The present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with the embodiments of the accompanying drawings. A person skilled in the art can make various variations of the present invention according to the above description. Therefore, certain details in the embodiments should not constitute a limitation of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention shall be defined by the scope of the attached claims.

Claims

1. A soil advance detection device at the front of the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine, mounted on the chest plate behind the cutterhead, characterized in that: The detection device comprises: A mounting seat mounted on the breast plate, wherein a mounting space is formed inside the mounting seat, an inner wall surface of the mounting seat forming the mounting space is an arc surface, a first opening and a second opening are provided on opposite sides of the mounting seat, the first opening and the second opening are both communicated with the mounting space, and the first opening is located on a side of the breast plate close to the blade disc, and the second opening is located on a side of the breast plate away from the blade disc; A spherical adjusting member is arranged in the installation space and abuts against the inner wall surface of the installation seat, the spherical adjusting member is sealedly connected to the inner wall surface of the installation seat, the spherical adjusting member can be freely rotated and adjusted in the installation space, a part of the spherical adjusting member extends from the first opening to form a first end, and a part of the spherical adjusting member extends from the second opening to form a second end, and a mounting pipe is arranged inside the spherical adjusting member and passes through the first end and the second end; a control valve mounted on the spherical adjusting member and disposed near the second end, the control valve being used to control the connection and closure of the installation pipeline; and A detection member can be inserted into the installation pipe, the detection member and the installation pipe are sealed and connected, and an end of the detection member can extend from the first end to detect the soil quality in front of the cutter disc.

2. The soil quality advance detection device at the front of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A through hole is provided on the chest plate corresponding to the mounting seat; The mounting seat comprises a first annular tube and a second annular tube, wherein the first annular tube and the second annular tube are mounted on opposite sides of the breast plate corresponding to the through hole; The first opening is formed on the end of the first annular tube away from the breast plate, and the inner surface of the first annular tube is an arc surface; The second opening is formed on the end of the second annular tube away from the breast plate, and the inner surface of the second annular tube is an arc surface; The inner surface of the second annular tube, the inner surface of the first annular tube and the through hole enclose the installation space.

3. The soil quality advance detection device at the front of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the first annular tube in contact with the breast plate is bent outward to form a first annular connecting end, and the first connecting end is attached to the side surface corresponding to the breast plate and is sealed and connected to the breast plate; The end of the second annular tube in contact with the breast plate is bent to form a ring-shaped second connecting end, and the second connecting end is attached to the side surface corresponding to the breast plate and is sealed to the breast plate.

4. The soil quality advance detection device in front of the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first end is tubular, and the mouth of the first opening is provided with an arc-shaped limiting surface matched with the outer surface of the first end. The arc-shaped limiting surface can be attached to the first end to limit the rotation adjustment range of the spherical adjusting member.

5. The soil quality advance detection device in front of the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The end of the detection member extending into the cutter disc is provided with a static penetration probe.

6. A detection method based on the soil advance detection device in front of the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Installing the detection device on the breast plate of the roadheader; Insert the detection member into the installation pipe, and let the end of the detection member extend to the position of the cutter disc where detection is required, and use the detection member to detect the soil in front of the cutter disc and obtain detection data; During the detection process of the detection member, the position of the end of the detection member located at the cutter disc is adjusted by rotating the spherical adjustment member to adjust the detection range, thereby obtaining detection data of multiple position points.

7. The detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: A static penetration probe is provided, which is installed at the end of the detection member where it extends into the cutter disc, and the soil quality in front of the cutter disc is detected by using the static penetration probe.

8. The detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: A camera is provided, and the camera is installed at the end of the detection member where it extends into the cutter disc, and the camera is used to capture an image at the cutter disc to form image data.

9. The detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: A soil sampler is provided, and the soil sampler is installed at the end of the detection member extending into the cutter disc, and a sample of the soil in front of the cutter disc is obtained by using the soil sampler.

10. The detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the detection is completed, the detection member is withdrawn, and the installation pipeline is closed by using the control valve.

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