A triangular electromagnet unit

Abstract

The present invention discloses a triangular electromagnet unit, which includes an energized solenoid coil; a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow plane is formed after the solenoid coil is energized; the solenoid coil includes: a first solenoid coil, which forms a first magnetic field when energized; a second solenoid coil, which forms a second magnetic field when energized; or includes a third solenoid coil, which forms a third magnetic field when energized, and the third magnetic field is a magnetic field whose magnetic force lines are directed outside the plane where the third solenoid coil is located; the three solenoid coils form an arrangement with a triangular cross-section formed by pairwise intersection of their respective planes; when the third magnetic field occurs, the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field are arranged with the current flow direction set according to the magnetic field whose magnetic force lines are directed towards the center of the triangular cross-section; when the third magnetic field does not occur, the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field are arranged with the current flow direction set according to the magnetic field with the same lateral magnetic force line occurrence. This solution uses an electromagnet to replace a permanent magnet to achieve the same purpose and reduces the production and processing costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic technology, and particularly to a triangular electromagnet unit. Background Art

[0002] An electromagnet is a device that generates electromagnetic force when powered on. Generally, a conductive winding matching its power is wound around the iron core. This current-carrying coil behaves like a magnet and has magnetism. Usually, it is made into a bar shape or a horseshoe shape to make the iron core easier to magnetize. If it is desired to demagnetize the electromagnet immediately when the power is turned off, soft iron or silicon steel materials with faster demagnetization are often used for manufacturing. Such an electromagnet has magnetism when powered on and loses its magnetism when the power is turned off. Electromagnets have extremely wide applications in daily life, and the invention of electromagnets has also greatly improved the power of generators.

[0003] The Halbach array is a permanent magnet array structure. By arranging the special magnetization directions, the magnetic induction lines of the permanent magnets are superimposed on one side and canceled on the other side, so that the array of permanent magnets can enhance the magnetic field on one side and weaken the magnetic field on the other side, that is, a special array structure that can achieve the convergence of the magnetic field to increase the magnetic induction line density on one side. Replacing the permanent magnets in the Halbach array with electromagnets can greatly reduce the cost. However, obviously, the winding relationship of the electromagnets and the array arrangement of the unit bodies are not easy to meet the requirements of the Halbach array.

[0004] For example, the Chinese invention patent "Manufacturing Method of 8-Shaped Stacked Coils", with the application number 201280024276.2, discloses the process of manufacturing a coil part with one axis by stacking rectangular wires along the axial direction. Although in the coil manufacturing process, the process of measuring the length of the wire remaining in the connection part may not be required, thus greatly reducing the number of manufacturing processes. Therefore, the significance of the 8-shaped coil is that one coil can directly achieve the effect of two coils with NS juxtaposed. However, for a special-shaped electromagnetic unit with multiple surfaces, it only realizes the basic magnetic force generation and is difficult to reflect the magnetic field concentration effect and the effect of enhancing the magnetic force on one side. Summary of the Invention

[0005] A technical solution provided by the present invention is a triangular electromagnet unit, which solves the problem of enhancing the magnetic field density on one side and reduces the cost at the same time.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a triangular electromagnet unit, including an energized solenoid coil, and a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow plane is formed after the solenoid coil is energized.

[0007] The solenoid coil includes: a first solenoid coil, a second solenoid coil, or includes a third solenoid coil.

[0008] Its principle is based on the Halbach array. The magnet units are arranged in the order of the magnetic field direction to enhance the field strength in the unit direction. A magnetic field is generated by an energized coil, and the combination of magnetic fields in different directions is used to enhance the magnetic field on a single side.

[0009] As is well known, the common unit shape of the Halbach array is rectangular. The magnetic field directions of the first-order array usually include two forms: First, the magnetic field perpendicular to the bottom edge and upward or downward; Second, the magnetic field parallel to the bottom edge and left or right. Therefore, if an energized solenoid coil is used instead of a traditional permanent magnet, the arrangement requirements of the solenoid coil also need to meet the setting of the magnetic field direction.

[0010] Specifically,

[0011] The first solenoid coil is energized to form a first magnetic field.

[0012] The second solenoid coil is energized to form a second magnetic field.

[0013] Or it includes a third solenoid coil that is energized to form a third magnetic field, and the third magnetic field is a magnetic field where the magnetic force lines occur outside the plane where the third solenoid coil is located.

[0014] The three solenoid coils form an arrangement with a triangular cross-section formed by the pairwise intersection of their respective planes. In this way, each solenoid coil can form the corresponding magnetic field on its own plane to meet the magnetic field arrangement requirements of the Halbach array.

[0015] Based on the above principle, the plane where the third solenoid coil is located is used as the magnetic force strengthening plane, and the direction of its magnetic field generation needs to be towards the outside or inside of the plane, while the directions of the magnetic fields generated by the first solenoid coil and the second solenoid coil are towards the inside or outside of the triangle. According to common sense, the magnetic force lines shoot out from the N pole and enter the S pole. Therefore, the magnetic field direction, the magnetic field generation direction, and the magnetic force lines mentioned in this solution all occur laterally in the same direction, which are determined according to the direction of the magnetic force lines of the magnetic field or the clockwise / counterclockwise lateral direction of the magnetic field.

[0016] The above electromagnetic unit is used as a unit body in the Halbach array, so it needs to have the ability of array arrangement. Therefore, in addition to the electromagnetic unit with the above magnetic field direction, other electromagnetic units that need to be combined are also required. These electromagnetic units for splicing the array also follow the above principle, even if they do not include the electromagnetic unit with the third solenoid coil.

[0017] Specifically, with the above electromagnetic structure, that is, the electromagnetic power supply including the third solenoid coil and generating a magnetic field is temporarily denoted as the central unit. Side units are assembled in an array on both sides of the central unit. The side units need to "continue" to enhance the magnetic fields formed by the first solenoid coil / second solenoid coil on both sides of the central unit. Therefore, the side units can achieve the purpose through the action of their first and second solenoid coils, and there is no need for a third solenoid coil on the side units.

[0018] The arrangement of the spiral coil needs to form a space for the magnetic circuit to flow through. Therefore, the electromagnetic unit has at least one support body around which the coil can be wound to fix the coil or enhance the magnetic circuit. For example, the support body can be a triangular prism structure and the spiral coil is wound around the prism surface; the support body can be a grid body and the spiral is wound according to the grid and arranged in a triangular shape.

[0019] Therefore, the support body can be regarded as including: the first side where the first spiral coil is located, the second side where the second spiral coil is located, and the third side where the third spiral coil is located.

[0020] The inclination angles between the second side and the third side and the first side are preferably 40 to 65°.

[0021] The triangular cross-section formed by the first, second, and third sides is in the shape of an isosceles triangle with the second and third sides as the waists.

[0022] When the spiral coil is arranged on the above support body structure, the spiral coils on each surface can be connected in parallel, and of course, they can also be connected in series. For example, the first, second, and third spiral coils on the middle unit can be connected in parallel or in series; the first and second spiral coils on the side unit can be connected in parallel or in series. The advantage of parallel connection is that each coil is independent and will not affect other coils due to the failure of a single coil, and the total line resistance is lower and the loss is lower when the coils are connected in parallel. However, there are more parallel wire heads and the wiring is complex. The advantage of series connection is that the wiring is simple, but once a failure occurs, the whole will lose power. Whether in series or parallel, it is necessary to ensure the magnetic field direction formed by the spiral coil, and arrange the wiring according to this magnetic field direction and the current direction.

[0023] The support body can be made of a non-magnetic structural member, or a highly magnetic soft magnetic material, or a hard magnetic material magnetized in a certain direction. Using a non-magnetic structural member will not generate heat due to magnetic field saturation, but the enhancement amplitude of the magnetic field is limited; using a magnetic soft magnetic structure can excite the concentrated magnetic field, making the enhancement amplitude of the magnetic field stronger, but it will also generate a more serious heating phenomenon due to the saturation problem of the soft magnetic material; using a hard magnetic material magnetized in a specific direction can make the increased magnetic field obtain more superimposed components, making the magnetic field on the enhancement surface stronger, but it may also cause demagnetization of the hard magnetic material due to the magnetic field generated by the current passing through the coils on other surfaces.

[0024] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0025] 1. The magnetic field of a single side can be enhanced, and the enhancement effect is obvious, the amplitude increase is uniform, and the controllability is strong.

[0026] 2. The manufacturing process is simple, the cost can be controlled according to actual needs, and the preparation is flexible and controllable.

[0027] 3. Wide range of applications, can be applied in various fields, and the product has high versatility.

[0028] 4. Using electromagnetic solenoids with concentrated magnetic fields to replace traditional permanent magnets is conducive to cost reduction. Description of the Drawings

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments:

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle evolution of the splicing of a triangular electromagnetic solenoid array;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the central unit;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side unit;

[0033] Figure 4 Magnetic field calculation of the second solenoid generating a parallel magnetic field in two-dimensional space

[0034] Figure 5 Magnetic field calculation of the first solenoid generating a perpendicular magnetic field in two-dimensional space

[0035] Figure 6 Magnetic field calculation of the third solenoid generating a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the third solenoid in two-dimensional space

[0036] Figure 7 It is an equivalent model of the spatial magnetic field arranged according to the electromagnetic units in Embodiment 1;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a verification diagram of finite element simulation. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] The triangular electromagnetic solenoid includes a prism-shaped body. Solenoid coils are wound around three side surfaces respectively, and the cross-section formed by the three side surfaces is triangular. Among them, two side surfaces are two sides of the triangle, and the first solenoid coil and the second solenoid coil are wound around these two side surfaces respectively. The parallel coil generating a perpendicular magnetic field is the first solenoid, the vertical coil generating a parallel magnetic field is the second solenoid, and the inclined coil generating an inclined magnetic field is the third solenoid.

[0040] After being energized, the first solenoid coil and the second solenoid coil form a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of current flow and with the magnetic force generation direction towards the inside of the triangle. Then, a third side between these two sides is wound with a third solenoid coil. After the third solenoid coil is energized, it generates a magnetic field perpendicular to this side and with the magnetic force generation direction towards the outside of the triangle. Therefore, the magnetic fields generated by the first solenoid coil and the second solenoid coil will enhance the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the third solenoid coil. Because there is an upward component in the magnetic force line generation direction of the first solenoid coil and the second solenoid coil. As shown in 1, this component will enhance the magnetic force of the third solenoid coil.

[0041] Specifically, for Embodiment 1, the magnetic field generated by this magnetically concentrated arrangement of the electromagnet can be described by a formula: (The derivation process is as Figure 4-8 shown)

[0042] The origin of this formula is relatively long. See the following derivation process:

[0043] Specifically, in order to simulate the magnetic field intensity above the current-carrying coil in Embodiment 1 described in this patent, it is necessary to first perform a simple magnetic field calculation based on the Biot-Savart law. The calculation process is as follows:

[0044] (1) Magnetic field calculation of the perpendicular second solenoid generating a parallel magnetic field in two-dimensional space:

[0045] As Figure 4 shown, the magnetic field distribution in the figure is:

[0046]

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] (2) Magnetic field calculation of the parallel first solenoid generating a perpendicular magnetic field in two-dimensional space:

[0050] As Figure 5 shown, the magnetic field distribution in the figure is

[0051]

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] (3) Magnetic field calculation of the inclined third solenoid generating a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane where the third solenoid is located in two-dimensional space:

[0055] Since the integration difficulty increases greatly in this case, coordinate transformation is used to calculate it. AsFigure 7 as shown

[0056] First, transform the P(x, z) coordinates to the s - t coordinate system to obtain P(s, t), where

[0057]

[0058] In the s - t coordinate system, there is

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Then transform Bs and Bt to the x - z coordinate system, and there is

[0062]

[0063] As Figure 8 shown, the horizontal axis is the x - axis, the vertical axis is the z - axis, hpm is the thickness of the guide rail part (height in the z - direction), the origin is (0, 0), the coordinates of point w1 are (w1, 0), and similarly, the coordinates of point w2 are (w2, 0). The horizontal component of the magnetic field density at any point in the space above the guide rail is Bx(x, z), and the vertical component of the magnetic field density at any point in the space above the guide rail is Bz(x, z), μ 0 is the hollow magnetic permeability, M 0 is the magnetic moment

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Embodiment 2:

[0067] Taking the central unit of the electromagnet in Embodiment 1, arranging the units in the Halbach array manner on both the left and right sides can further enhance the magnetic force on a single side.

[0068] Therefore, the side units on both sides serve as the magnetic force enhancement on the sides adjacent to the central unit. As Figure 2 shown, due to the triangular array relationship, there is magnetic force generation only on two sides of this side unit. The side unit on the left of the central unit generates a magnetic field in the same direction as the magnetic force generation of the left - hand side solenoid coil of the central unit, and this magnetic field is generated on both sides of this side unit to form a continuous magnetic field "continuation" enhancement (that is, as shown in the figure, the two magnetic field directions on the left - hand unit are counter - clockwise). Similarly, the side unit on the right of the central unit generates a magnetic field in the same direction as the magnetic force generation of the right - hand side solenoid coil of the central unit (that is, as shown in the figure, the two magnetic field directions on the right - hand unit are clockwise).

[0069] Performing continuous array splicing according to the above relationship can form a linear magnetic track. This solution can not only achieve the magnetic focusing effect of the Halbach array, but also does not rely on rare earth resources, making the magnetic levitation track highly feasible.

[0070] Embodiment 3:

[0071] As Figure 3 shown, from the grid-like arrangement relationship, the arrangement order of the array can be clearly seen.

[0072] From Figure 3 the wire nodes in, it can be seen that the connection relationship of the solenoid coils in this arrangement can adopt a series connection method, and be reasonably arranged through the coiling and routing method of the wire to meet the requirement of forming a magnetic field in the expected direction; it can also adopt a parallel connection method, that is, parallel wire out at the position where two solenoid coils are joined. Compared with the series connection method, the loss can be reduced, but its circuit layout is more complex.

[0073] The electromagnetic unit in the middle position can form a magnetic field perpendicular to the horizontal plane with the magnetic force generation direction upward, and the solenoid coils on the two side surfaces on both sides thereof are oriented such that the groove is perpendicular to the surface where it is located and enhances the magnetic force of the upward magnetic field.

[0074] And there is a side electromagnetic unit on each side of the middle electromagnetic unit. The electromagnetic units on both sides generate magnetic fields with the same magnetic force generation direction as that of the corresponding side of the middle electromagnetic unit for amplification.

[0075] Taking these three splicing relationships as a unit and performing continuous array combination can form a basic solution for the magnetic levitation track of electromagnetic generation.

[0076] The embodiments of the present invention only illustratively explain the principles and effects of the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes completed by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical idea disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A triangular electromagnet unit, comprising an energized solenoid coil; after the solenoid coil is energized, a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow plane is formed; Characterized in that: The solenoid coil includes: A first solenoid coil, which is energized to form a first magnetic field; A second solenoid coil, which is energized to form a second magnetic field; A third solenoid coil, which is energized to form a third magnetic field, and the third magnetic field is a magnetic field whose magnetic force lines extend outside the plane where the third solenoid coil is located; The three solenoid coils form an arrangement with a triangular cross-section formed by pairwise intersections of their respective planes; The electromagnet unit including the third solenoid coil and generating a magnetic field is denoted as the central unit, and the current flow directions of the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field of the central unit are arranged with the magnetic force lines directed towards the center of the triangular cross-section; Side units are assembled in an array on both sides of the central unit. The side units do not include the third solenoid coil. The current flow directions of the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field of the side units are arranged with the same direction of the magnetic force lines. The side unit on the left side of the central unit generates a magnetic field with the same magnetic force generation direction as the solenoid coil on the left side of the central unit, and the side unit on the right side of the central unit generates a magnetic field with the same magnetic force generation direction as the solenoid coil on the right side of the central unit.

2. A triangular electromagnet unit according to claim 1, Characterized in that: The connection relationship between the solenoid coils on each triangular electromagnet unit is parallel or series.

3. A triangular electromagnet unit according to claim 1, Characterized in that: It includes a support body for arranging the solenoid coil; the support body includes: a first side where the first solenoid coil is located, a second side where the second solenoid coil is located, and a third side where the third solenoid coil is located.

4. A triangular electromagnet unit according to claim 3, Characterized in that: The inclination angles between the first side and the second side and the third side are 40 - 65°.

5. A triangular electromagnet unit according to claim 3, Characterized in that: The triangular cross-section formed by the first, second, and third sides is in the shape of a triangle with the first and second sides as the isosceles sides.

6. A triangular electromagnet unit according to claim 3, Characterized in that: The support body includes: a non-magnetic structure member, a high-permeability soft magnetic member, and a hard magnetic member with a determined magnetization direction.

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