Electric motor with auxiliary movable self-guiding stator

Abstract

An electric machine with two or more stators is proposed. One stator (1) is fixed and fixed to the body (4) of the machine, and the second stator (6) is movable and can rotate freely relative to both the rotor (2) and the fixed stator (1). The movable stator (6) orients itself according to the magnetic field lines generated by the electric windings and / or permanent magnets of the fixed stator (1). The movable stator (6) concentrates and shapes the magnetic field B so that the magnetic field lines are almost perpendicular to the rotor windings. The movable stator (6) does not rotate relative to the magnetic field of the fixed stator (1), and the magnetic field therein does not change, there is no continuous remagnetization, hysteresis is avoided and no eddy currents are generated, thereby reducing losses and heating of the machine. The movable stator (6) may include permanent magnets to increase the magnetic field in the rotor active interval (2).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates generally to electric machines designed to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa by using electromagnetic induction. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of directing the magnetic field by adding auxiliary self-directing elements, known as movable stators, to the stator and rotor of the machine. Background Art

[0002] Each rotating electrical machine has a stator and a rotor separated by a gap. The main part of the electrical machine produced in motor mode at the time of filing this patent application uses a magnetic field to transfer energy between the stator and the rotor and transform electrical energy into mechanical motion. In generator mode, the reverse transformation occurs - the magnetic field generates current in the windings. In all electrical machines, the direction of energy conversion can be changed, i.e. they can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy (generator mode) or electrical energy into mechanical energy (motor mode). The active parts of the machine are the magnetic core and the windings, which transform energy. The losses in the energy conversion process generate heat. A cooling system is used to keep the temperature within an acceptable range.

[0003] When calculating the electromotive torque, either the Lorentz force or the repulsive / attractive force is applied between like / opposite magnetic poles. In both cases, the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field are crucial. The magnetic field is generated by permanent magnets and / or electromagnets of the stator, and the rotor is located within this field. All materials located between the stator poles affect the distribution of the magnetic field, i.e., gaps and openings, ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials redirect the magnetic field lines and create regions with magnetic fields of different directions and magnitudes.

[0004] In order to obtain maximum magnetomotive force and therefore maximum torque and efficiency, the magnetic field must be concentrated in the area of ​​the current flowing in the windings and the winding wires must be perpendicular to the magnetic field lines, i.e. in the ideal case the magnetic field lines must be perpendicular to the surface of the rotor. The same conditions must hold when the motor is operated as a generator and maximum emf must be achieved.

[0005] To achieve these goals, a combination of different materials is used in the rotor, and it is formed in such a way that, no matter what angle the rotor turns the magnetic field, the magnetic field has an "acceptable" shape, that is, the magnetic field lines are at an angle as close to 90° as possible relative to the rotor winding. This is a serious problem, because when the magnetic field in some areas is strengthened at the expense of the field in adjacent areas, and these areas rotate with the rotor, the "insensitivity" of the magnetic field with respect to the rotation angle of the rotor and the concentration of the magnetic field are contradictory tasks.

[0006] The rotation of the magnetic core (as part of the rotor) causes eddy currents to be generated in the magnetic core. To alleviate this problem, the rotor is made of metal sheets (lamellae), compacted ferrite powder or the rotor is made hollow (for example, an actuated DC motor with a hollow non-magnetic armature). This increases the cost price of the motor because it complicates the manufacture of the rotor. The current generated depends on the rate of change of the magnitude of the magnetic field - increasing the speed leads to increased losses and overheating, which limits the operating range, i.e. the maximum allowable speed of the machine. Due to these losses, efficiency decreases as the angular velocity of the machine increases. Heating causes the rotor to deform, and this further deteriorates the machine parameters. In the case of motors with hollow non-magnetic armatures, magnetic field dissipation seriously degrades the characteristics of the motor, and such motors are only used when fast response times are required. DC motors with hollow non-magnetic armatures are considered to be one of the fastest motors, with a time constant of several milliseconds, because the rotor has a small mass, low inertia and a small time constant. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to create an electric machine that solves the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and, in particular, to create an efficient electric machine in which the dissipation of the magnetic field, the generation of eddy currents in the magnetic core and the heating of the rotor are reduced, and thus the losses are reduced and the efficiency of the machine is improved.

[0008] Existing electric machines basically consist of two parts that move relative to each other. One part is fixed to the machine's housing and is called the stator. The other part moves relative to the stator and is called the rotor, in which magnetic elements such as permanent magnets or electrical windings are incorporated. The rotor is attached to the machine shaft and can rotate freely thanks to bearings. There is a gap between the stator and the rotor. The energy transfer between the stator and the rotor is provided via the magnetic field generated by the machine.

[0009] The present invention adds a third part of the magnetic core to the machine which is free to rotate relative to both the stator and the rotor. The third part referred to in this application is called the movable stator.

[0010] According to the invention, the electric machine comprises a fixed stator and a movable rotor attached to a shaft that is free to rotate relative to the stator. The electric machine uses magnetic induction to transfer energy between the stator and the rotor. The machine also comprises at least one movable stator that can be oriented to the magnetic field generated by the machine, the at least one movable stator being at least partially made of ferromagnetic material and being mounted to be free to rotate both relative to the fixed stator and relative to the rotor. The rotor is located between the fixed stator and the at least one movable stator.

[0011] At least one movable stator is manufactured to have a shape that guides the magnetic lines of force generated by the stator magnetic field so that the magnetic lines of force are at an angle as close to 90° as possible relative to the rotor winding. Just as a compass is oriented toward the magnetic field of the earth, at least one movable stator is oriented toward the magnetic poles of the magnetic field generated by the stator. Since the movable stator does not move relative to the magnetic field, its ferromagnetic material is magnetized and becomes a weak magnet, which leads to the amplification of the magnetic field and improves the orientation of the movable stator. When the ferromagnetic material of the rotor of the existing machine is magnetized and becomes a weak magnet, the rotor strives to remain oriented toward the magnetic lines of force, and part of the generated magnetic motive force must overcome this obstacle, which leads to reduced efficiency. The movable stator always remains in the same position relative to the magnetic field generated by the stator, and the need for the movable stator to conduct the magnetic field in all directions is eliminated. The shape of the movable stator is simpler and easier to manufacture. Compared with the rotor of the existing machine, less material is required to produce the rotor together with the movable stator, and the machine becomes lighter. No eddy currents are generated in the movable stator, since it is fixed relative to the magnetic field generated by the stator, and therefore it does not have to be made of laminations, nor does it have to use other techniques to reduce heat, losses from eddy currents and the dependence of heat generation on the speed of the machine. Ferromagnetic materials are magnetized when their domains are oriented in the direction of the magnetic field lines. Since the movable stator is stationary relative to the magnetic field generated by the stator, the reorientation of the magnetic domains, the loss of energy required for this process and the heat generated by re-magnetization are avoided.

[0012] In one embodiment, the ferromagnetic material in the at least one movable stator forms a body passing through a geometric axis of the at least one movable stator and having, in cross section, an elongated profile extending between two diametrically opposite peripheral intervals of the at least one movable stator.

[0013] There is a gap between the rotor and the at least one movable stator. In one embodiment version, the at least one movable stator is mounted on the machine shaft by means of a bearing and can rotate freely about the axis of rotation of the rotor. Thus, the at least one movable stator can change its orientation relative to both the rotor and the stator. The rotor of the machine moves between two stators, a fixed stator and a movable stator.

[0014] Depending on the type of motor, the at least one movable stator may or may not rotate relative to the machine housing. For example, in a brushed DC motor, the movable stator remains stationary and is affected by the deviation of the magnetic field generated by the current in the rotor winding, but the technology to improve engine performance and avoid sparking only affects the equilibrium position of the movable stator, but not its angular velocity, which will be zero after reaching the set mode. In an induction motor, the movable stator rotates at the angular velocity of the magnetic field generated by the stator winding, that is, faster than the rotor, and after reaching the set mode (constant rotation of the magnetic field generated by the stator winding), the movable stator will remain stationary relative to the stator magnetic field.

[0015] Preferably, the rotor is hollow and at least one auxiliary movable stator is coaxially rotatably positioned inside the rotor.

[0016] In one embodiment, the rotor is a hollow cylinder located between the stator and the at least one movable stator. Alternatively, the rotor can be a hollow cone located between the stator and the at least one movable stator. Alternatively, the rotor can be a combination of a hollow cylinder and a hollow cone, for example, the cylinder is beveled at both ends to form two cones and a cylinder that is stuck together.

[0017] In one embodiment of the electric machine, the at least one auxiliary movable stator is freely rotatably mounted to the shaft via a bearing. Alternatively, the at least one auxiliary movable stator may be freely rotatably mounted directly to the inner surface of the rotor via a bearing.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the ferromagnetic material in the at least one movable stator forms two or more bodies on the periphery of the movable stator, which are identical in shape and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation.

[0019] Preferably, the ferromagnetic part of the at least one movable stator is at least partially made of permanent magnets. Even more preferably, the ferromagnetic part of the at least one movable stator is completely made of permanent magnets.

[0020] The at least one movable stator can be made partially of paramagnetic material outside the ferromagnetic material intervals in regions where it does not have to conduct a magnetic field.

[0021] In one embodiment, the stator has an axially symmetric cross-section with respect to the axis of rotation of the machine, and thus generates an axially symmetric magnetic field with respect to the axis of rotation of the machine.Alternatively, the stator may be arranged to generate an asymmetric magnetic field.

[0022] It is possible that the stator is located in only a portion of the periphery of the machine rotor.

[0023] It is also possible that the electric machine has more than two poles.

[0024] It is possible that the number of poles of the motor is odd.

[0025] In general, the use of ferromagnetic materials to make the movable stator simplifies the design of the machine and reduces losses. The operating characteristics are improved, but do not differ significantly from the characteristics of existing machines. When permanent magnets are used in the movable stator, the magnitude of the magnetic field generated in the region of the rotor increases, since it is the vector sum of the magnetic field of the stator and the magnetic field of the permanent magnets of the movable stator. Thus, the torque of the motor increases, since the Lorentz force and therefore the power output are proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field in the region of the rotor winding.

[0026] The movable stator according to the invention concentrates and forms the magnetic field B so that the magnetic lines of force are almost perpendicular to the rotor windings. The movable stator does not rotate relative to the magnetic field of the fixed stator, and the magnetic field therein does not change, there is no continuous remagnetization, hysteresis is avoided and no eddy currents are generated, thereby reducing losses and heating of the machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In more detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, an electric machine according to the invention is illustrated by means of a preferred embodiment given as a non-limiting example of the invention, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 A simplified longitudinal top view of a brushed DC motor with a uniformly movable stator is shown.

[0029] Figure 2 A simplified longitudinal top view of a brushed DC motor is shown having a movable stator consisting of an inner part and an outer layer made of different materials.

[0030] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 Cross-section of a machine (only the poles on the rotor side are marked), in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator made of paramagnetic material is not shown in order to expose the shape of the magnetic field generated by the two magnets N and S of the fixed stator.

[0031] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0032] Figure 5 Shows Figure 1 A cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable ferromagnetic stator is in the form of a uniform cylinder.

[0033] Figure 6 Shows Figure 5 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0034] Figure 7 Shows Figure 2 A cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator consists of two parts (ferromagnetic and inner paramagnetic part).

[0035] Figure 8 Shows Figure 7 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0036] Fig. 9 Shows Figure 1 A cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator is made of a dense ferromagnetic material.

[0037] Fig.10 Shows Fig. 9 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0038] Fig.11 Shows Figure 2 A cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator consists of two parts (permanent magnets and an inner paramagnetic part).

[0039] Fig.12 Shows Fig.11 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0040] Fig.13 Shows Figure 2 Cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator consists of two parts (permanent magnets and an inner ferromagnetic part).

[0041] Fig.14 Shows Fig.13 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0042] Fig.15 Shows Figure 1 A cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator is made entirely of permanent magnets.

[0043] Fig.16 Shows Fig.15 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0044] Fig.17 Shows Figure 1 Cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by six permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator made of paramagnetic material is not shown in order to expose the shape of the magnetic field generated by the six magnets N and S of the fixed stator.

[0045] Fig.18 Shows Fig.17 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0046] Fig.19 Shows Figure 1 A cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by six permanent magnets N and S. The movable ferromagnetic stator is in the form of a uniform cylinder.

[0047] Fig. 20 Shows Fig.19 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0048] Fig.21 Shows Figure 2 A cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by six permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator consists of two parts (permanent magnets and a ferromagnetic part).

[0049] Fig. 22 Shows Fig.21 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0050] Fig.23 Shown with Fig.21 A cross section of a similar asymmetric machine, where the stator is represented by only one permanent magnet N. The movable stator consists of two parts (a permanent magnet and a ferromagnetic part).

[0051] Fig.24 Shows Fig.23 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0052] Fig.25 Shown with Fig.21 A cross section of a similar asymmetric machine, where the stator is represented by only three permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator consists of two parts (permanent magnets and a ferromagnetic part).

[0053] Fig.26 Shows Fig.25 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0054] Fig. 27 A simplified longitudinal top view of an induction motor with a uniform movable stator is shown.

[0055] Fig.28 Shows Fig. 27 A cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by three-phase windings offset by 120°. The movable ferromagnetic stator is in the form of a uniform cylinder.

[0056] Fig.29 Shows Fig.28The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0057] Fig.30 Shows Fig. 27 A cross section of a machine in which the stator is represented by a three-phase winding offset by 120°. The movable stator is a permanent magnet in the form of a uniform cylinder.

[0058] Fig.31 Shows Fig.30 The magnitude of the magnetic field on the TET loop of the machine.

[0059] Fig.32 Shows Figure 1 Longitudinal section of a machine in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator made of paramagnetic material is not shown in order to expose the shape of the magnetic field generated by the two magnets N and S of the fixed stator.

[0060] Fig.33 Shown along Fig.32 The magnetic field size of the MH line of the machine.

[0061] Fig.34 Shows Figure 1 A longitudinal section of a machine in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator is made of ferromagnetic material.

[0062] Fig.35 Shown along Fig.34 The magnetic field size of the MH line of the machine.

[0063] Fig.36 Shows Figure 1 Longitudinal section of a machine in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator is made of permanent magnets.

[0064] Fig.37 Shown along Fig.36 The magnetic field size of the MH line of the machine.

[0065] Fig.38 A longitudinal section of a conical machine is shown, in which the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator made of paramagnetic material is not shown in order to expose the shape of the magnetic field generated by the two magnets N and S of the fixed stator.

[0066] Fig.39 Shown along Fig.38 The magnetic field size of the MH line of the machine.

[0067] Fig.40 A longitudinal section of a conical machine is shown, where the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator is made of ferromagnetic material.

[0068] Fig.41 Shown along Fig.40 The magnetic field size of the MH line of the machine.

[0069] Fig.42 A longitudinal section of a conical machine is shown, where the stator is represented by two permanent magnets N and S. The movable stator is made of permanent magnets.

[0070] Fig.43 Shown along Fig.42 The magnetic field size of the MH line of the machine.

[0071] In all figures, the various parts are not shaded to provide a better view of the magnetic field lines. The parts of the fixed and movable stators that create or influence the magnetic field are shown in gray. The dark gray parts create the magnetic field, and the light gray parts just redirect the magnetic field.

[0072] In all figures, the same geometrical dimensions are used to correctly compare the simulation results in the static position of the plotted machine parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The present invention is applicable to various types of electric machines operating in generator or motor mode. For example, DC motors, induction motors, etc. Although the present invention is applicable to various types of motors and generators, the drawings consider brushed DC motors and induction motors in order to explain the same concept for all motors. The drawings do not cover / exhaust all possible configurations.

[0074] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A simplified longitudinal top view of a brushed DC motor is shown. Only the design of the stator and rotor is shown. The commutators are not shown in the figure as they are not directly relevant to the present invention. The permanent magnets 10 of the fixed stator 1 are attached to the motor housing 4 (fasteners not shown). Bearings 5 ​​allow the shaft 3 to rotate freely about the OO axis. The hollow rotor 2 is attached to the shaft 3 by fasteners 13 and rotates with the shaft 3. The movable stator 6 is arranged inside the rotor 2. Figure 1 In the embodiment, the movable stator 6 is made of a uniform material 17, and Figure 2 The movable stator 6 is composed of an outer part 7 and an inner part 8 to illustrate that the movable stator 6 can include various materials. The movable stator 6 is separated from the shaft 3 by a gap 16. The fasteners 9 and the bearings 5 ​​allow the movable stator 6 to rotate freely around the motor shaft 3. Figure 1 and Figure 2On the left side of the figure, the area occupied by the various parts of the machine (shaft 3, movable stator 6, rotor 2 and fixed stator 1) is shown, which represent nested cylinders separated by gaps. The rotor 2 is separated from the fixed stator 1 and the movable stator 6 by gaps 14 and 15. Therefore, the fixed stator 1, the rotor 2 and the movable stator 6 can rotate freely relative to each other. The rotor package 11 is placed between the magnets of the stator 1 and the outer part 7 of the movable stator 6. The armature coils 12 and fasteners 13 of the rotor 2 are placed outside the area enclosed between the magnets of the stator 1 and the movable stator 6.

[0075] Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Fig. 9 and Fig.15 Shows Figure 1 Cross-sections in the PP plane of different models of a two-pole DC motor. Figure 7 , Fig.11 and Fig.13 Shows Figure 2 Cross-sections in the PP plane of different models of a two-pole DC motor. Only two magnets 10 of the stator 1 are shown. In order to provide a better view of the magnetic lines of force, the rotor 2 is not shown. The shaft 3 of the machine rotates together with the rotor 2 about an axis OO perpendicular to the plane PP shown. The movable stator 6 can be made of a variety of materials - paramagnetic magnets (represented by air), ferromagnetic magnets (represented by anode iron) and permanent magnets of the same type as the magnets 10 of the fixed stator 1.

[0076] Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Fig.10 , Fig.12 , Fig.14 and Fig.16 The magnitude of the magnetic field in the middle of the rotor channel between the magnets of the stator 1 and the magnets of the movable stator 6 is shown. These graphs show the dimensionless magnetic field along the TET loop as the field in the middle of the magnets 10 of the movable paramagnetic stator 6 where the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the TET loop is assumed to be 1.0, i.e. 100%. When paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are used in the movable stator 6, the magnetic field is not increased, but only redirected. When permanent magnets are used in the movable stator 6, the magnetic field is increased by the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by those magnets. Depending on the machine design, the increase is different and depends on the ratio of the magnetic fields produced by the stator 1 and the movable stator 6. In an exemplary embodiment, Fig.15 The total magnetic field of the DC motor version is up to 300% stronger than that of the embodiment without auxiliary magnets, i.e. Fig.15 Motor ratio Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Fig. 9 The embodiment shown in is 2 to 4 times more potent. The increase by using auxiliary permanent magnets in the movable stator 6 depends on the specific parameters of the machine and cannot be generalized for all types of machines with different dimensions, designs and using various materials. It is common to see an increase in the magnetic field due to the addition of the additional magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets of the movable stator 6.

[0077] Fig.17 and Fig.19 Shows Figure 1 Cross sections in the PP plane of different models of a six-pole DC motor. Fig.21 Shows Figure 2 Cross-section in plane PP of a six-pole DC motor. Only six magnets 10 of the stator 1 are shown. In order to provide a better view of the magnetic lines of force, the rotor 2 is not shown. The machine shaft 3 rotates together with the rotor 2 about an axis OO perpendicular to the shown section PP. The given embodiments of the two-pole DC motor and the six-pole DC motor show that the poles of the fixed stator 1 and the poles of the movable stator 6 must match both in number and in the arrangement of the poles, since opposite poles stand opposite each other. The movable stator 6 is oriented relative to the magnetic field of the fixed stator 1, so that the movable stator 6 is always in the "correct" position without the need for a control system or any mechanical gears. The movable stator 6 is made of different materials - paramagnetic magnets (represented by air), ferromagnetic magnets (represented by anode iron) and permanent magnets of the same type as the magnets 10 of the fixed stator 1.

[0078] Fig.18 , Fig. 20 and Fig. 22 The magnitude of the magnetic field in the middle of the rotor channel between the magnets of the stator 1 and the magnets of the movable stator 6 is shown. These graphs show the dimensionless magnetic field along the TET loop as the field in the middle of the magnets 10 of the movable paramagnetic stator 6 where the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the TET loop is assumed to be 1.0, i.e. 100%. When paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are used in the movable stator 6, the magnetic field is not increased but only redirected, and when permanent magnets are used in the movable stator 6, the magnetic field is increased by the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by those magnets. Depending on the machine design, the gain is different and depends on the ratio of the magnetic fields produced by the stator 1 and the movable stator 6. In an exemplary embodiment, Fig.21 The total magnetic field of the DC motor version is 50% to 120% stronger than that of the embodiment without auxiliary magnets, i.e. Fig.21 Motor ratio Fig.17 and Fig.19 The embodiment shown is 1.5 to 2.2 times more powerful. The increase by using auxiliary permanent magnets in the movable stator 6 depends on the specific parameters of the machine and cannot be generalized for all types of machines having different sizes, designs and using different materials.

[0079] The movable stator 6 usually has an axial symmetry around the axis of rotation of the rotor 2 of the machine, because if the center of mass of the movable stator 6 is not located on the axis of rotation, then the equilibrium position of the movable stator 6 will not only depend on the magnetic field generated by the stator 1 of the motor, but will also be affected by gravity and other forces and accelerations to which the machine is subjected (i.e. the orientation of the motor). The magnetic field generated by the stator 1 attracts the movable stator 6. When the stator 1 and the stator 6 are symmetrical, the attractions between the magnets of the stators balance each other and the net force is zero, i.e. only torque is generated. In addition, the movable stator 6 rotates around the machine axis 3, and if it is not balanced, the bearings will wear unevenly and will therefore have less resources (shorter life). Therefore, when there are strong external electromagnetic fields, high temperatures (for example, working near a metallurgical furnace), limited space (the fixed stator 1 cannot be symmetrical due to lack of installation space) or the need to reduce the electromagnetic interference generated by the machine (where the stator is missing and the magnetic field is much weaker) and environmental restrictions are imposed, it can be applied such as Fig.23 and Fig.25 Those embodiments shown in . Fig.23 and Fig.25 Shows Figure 1 Cross-sections in the PP plane of different asymmetric models of a DC motor of FIG. Only the magnets 10 of the stator 1 are shown. In order to provide a better view of the magnetic field lines, the rotor 2 is not shown. The machine shaft 3 rotates together with the rotor 2 about an axis OO perpendicular to the section PP shown. The movable stator 6 is made of permanent magnets of the same type as the magnets 10 of the fixed stator 1. The dimensions and materials of the components are similar to Fig.21 The same as the embodiment. Fig.24 and Fig.26 shows the magnitude of the magnetic field in the middle of the rotor channel between the magnets of stator 1 and the magnets of movable stator 6. These graphs show the dimensionless magnetic field along the TET loop as Fig.17 The magnetic field in the middle of the magnets 10 of the fixed stator 1 of the motor is assumed to be 100%. If a complete reversal is not required, the rotor 2 can even be partial.

[0080] Fig. 27A simplified longitudinal top view of an induction motor with squirrel cage rotor windings is shown. Only the structure of the stator and rotor is shown. The windings 19 of the fixed stator 1 are fixed to the body 4 of the motor. The bearings 5 ​​allow the shaft 3 to rotate freely about the OO axis. The hollow rotor 2 is attached to the shaft 3 by means of fasteners 13 and rotates with the shaft 3. A uniform movable stator 6 is located inside the rotor 2, which movable stator 6 consists of a magnetic core 17 and fasteners 9. The movable stator 6 is attached to the rotor 2 by means of fasteners 9 and bearings 5 ​​and can rotate freely about the rotation axis OO of the motor. The movable stator 6 is separated from the rotor 2 by a gap 15. The movable stator 6 is separated from the shaft 3 by a gap 16. In Fig. 27 On the left side of the figure, the area occupied by the various parts of the machine (shaft 3, movable stator 6, rotor 2 and fixed stator 1) is shown, which represent nested cylinders separated by gaps. The rotor 2 is separated from the fixed stator 1 and the movable stator 6 by gaps 14 and 15. Therefore, the fixed stator 1, the rotor 2 and the movable stator 6 can rotate freely relative to each other. The rotor winding 11 is located between the windings of the stator 1 and the movable stator 6.

[0081] Fig.28 and Fig.30 Shows Fig. 27 Cross-sections in the plane PP of different configurations of induction motors. With regard to the fixed stator 1, only the stator winding channels 10 are shown - there are 36 channels of three phases A, B and C of the stator winding 19 shifted by 120°, which generate a rotating bipolar magnetic field. In order to provide a better view of the magnetic field lines, the rotor 2 is not shown. The shaft 3 of the machine rotates with the rotor 2 about an axis OO perpendicular to the plane PP shown. The movable stator 6 can be made of various materials (ferromagnetic and permanent magnet).

[0082] Fig.29 and Fig.31 The magnitude of the magnetic field in the middle of the rotor channel between the magnets of the fixed stator 1 and the magnets of the movable stator 6 is shown. These graphs show the dimensionless magnetic field along the TET loop as the magnetic field of the movable ferromagnetic stator 6 is assumed to be 1.0, i.e. 100%. When permanent magnets are used in the movable stator 6, the magnetic field is increased by the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by those magnets. Depending on the machine design, the increase is different and depends on the ratio of the magnetic fields produced by the stator 1 and the movable stator 6.

[0083] The fact that the magnetic field is generated between the fixed stator 1 and the movable stator 6 allows the machine to take various shapes in which the rotor can rotate in the channel formed by the stator. Fig.32 Shows Figure 1 and Figure 3 Longitudinal section of the machine. Fig.34 Shows Figure 1 and Fig. 9Longitudinal section of the machine. Fig.36 Shows Figure 1 and Fig.15 1. A longitudinal section of a machine of FIG. 1. Only two magnets 10 are shown from the stator 1. The rotor 2 is not shown in order to provide a better view of the magnetic lines of force. The shaft 3 of the machine rotates together with the rotor 2 about the axis OO. The movable stator 6 is made of different materials - paramagnetic magnets (represented by air), ferromagnetic magnets (represented by anode iron) and permanent magnets of the same type as the magnets 10 of the fixed stator 1.

[0084] Fig.33 , Fig.35 and Fig.37 The magnitude of the magnetic field in the middle of the rotor passage between the magnets of the fixed stator 1 and the magnets of the movable stator 6 is shown. These diagrams show the dimensionless magnetic field along the line MH as the field in the middle of the magnets 10 of the movable paramagnetic stator 6 where the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the rotor 2 is assumed to be 1.0, i.e. 100%. When paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are used in the movable stator 6, the magnetic field is not amplified but only redirected, but when permanent magnets are used in the movable stator 6, the magnetic field increases the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by those magnets. Depending on the machine design, the gain is different and depends on the ratio of the magnetic fields generated by the stator 1 and the movable stator 6. Fig.38 , Fig.40 and Fig.42 Shows Fig.32 , Fig.34 and Fig.36 Version of the electric motor in which the rotor, located in the channel between the stators, is a hollow cone. Fig.39 , Fig.41 and Fig.43 The magnitude of the magnetic field in the middle of the rotor channel between the magnets of the fixed stator 1 and the magnets of the movable stator 6 is shown. In the graph, the magnetic field along the line MH is shown as Fig.32 The field in the middle of the magnet 10 of the motor, in which the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the rotor 2, is assumed to be 1.0, ie 100%.

[0085] The separation of the rotor 2 and the movable stator 6 leads to a number of effects that improve the characteristics of the motor. Thus, in an embodiment where the rotor 2 is hollow and at least one movable stator 6 is placed inside the rotor 2, the mass of the rotor is reduced. This ensures less machine load, lower rotor inertia, shorter response time and easier start-up of the machine, i.e. better dynamic characteristics similar to those of an electric motor with a hollow non-magnetic armature can be obtained.

[0086] A magnetic field is formed in the area between the stator 1 and the stator 6 in which the rotor 2 is located, which allows better guidance and concentration of the magnetic lines of force. When the rotor 2 is a hollow cylinder, the inserted movable stator 6 may not be cylindrical in shape, since the direction of the magnetic field is known in advance and it is not necessary to conduct the magnetic field in all directions - therefore, there are protrusions where the magnetic field should be concentrated, and cavities can be left where the magnetic field is not needed. This makes the machine lighter in weight. Figures 1 to 16 In the embodiment shown for a two-pole DC motor, the movable stator 6 is a section of a cylinder shaped like a parallelepiped, since there are only two poles of the stator magnetic field. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 17 to 22 As shown, for a six-pole DC motor, the movable stator 6 is typically similar to a flat gear, in which the teeth are made of ferromagnetic material, and the material in the spaces between the teeth is not ferromagnetic, or is completely missing. The number and arrangement of the poles of the permanent magnets on the movable stator 6 depends on the design of the fixed stator 1, because in the position of the relative arrangement of each pole of the magnetic field of the fixed stator 1, there is an opposite magnetic pole of the movable stator 6.

[0087] By using permanent magnets in the movable stator 6, the magnetic field in the rotor area is the vector sum of the magnetic fields of the fixed stator 1 and the movable stator 6. With existing motors, it is not possible to use auxiliary magnets in the rotor embedded in the space of the movable stator, because their magnetic field will rotate with the rotor and will not be aligned with the stator magnetic field, that is, the aggregate magnetic field will not only increase and decrease with the magnetic field of the auxiliary magnets, but will also change the direction of the magnetic field, and this direction will not be perpendicular to the rotor winding. Since the movable stator 6 is similar to a compass that is always oriented in the same way as the magnetic field of the fixed stator 1, the magnets of the movable stator 6 will always increase the aggregate magnetic field, and the machine output is proportional to this aggregate magnetic field. That is, using the same materials, the machine has an improved output / size factor and output / weight ratio. Alternatively, the same parameters as existing machines can be achieved by using weaker and cheaper magnets (for example, by replacing rare earth elements such as niobium).

[0088] Just as a compass needle orients itself toward the magnetic field of the earth, the movable stator 6 orients itself according to the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field generated by the fixed stator 1, but depending on the type of machine, the movable stator 6 can be rotating or fixed. For example, in an induction motor, the movable stator 6 rotates at the angular velocity of the magnetic field generated by the fixed stator 1, that is, faster than the rotor, while in a DC motor, the movable stator 6 is fixed. Regardless of whether the movable stator 6 rotates, it does not move relative to the magnetic field of the machine and does not remagnetize - this reduces the losses and heat generation of the machine and improves efficiency. Since the movable stator 6 does not move relative to the magnetic field of the machine, it does not generate eddy currents - heat generation is reduced and the machine can be operated at a higher speed. Heat generation causes the rotor to deform and shortens the life of the machine. Avoiding eddy currents simplifies the design and manufacture of the machine because no lamination or other techniques are required to avoid eddy currents, and thus reduces costs. The movable stator can be made of various ferromagnetic materials, not just soft magnetic steel, because remagnetization is avoided and the hysteresis width does not affect the motor losses.

[0089] The movable stator 6 can be given various shapes - cylindrical, conical or a combination of these shapes, and can be made of various materials including permanent magnets. The movable stator 6 can be composed of several parts, each of which is passively oriented with respect to the magnetic field, that is, even if there is no mechanical link between them, they will be oriented towards the magnetic field of the fixed stator 1 and will therefore form a permanent configuration.

[0090] The strength of the magnetic field depends on the distance between the stator 1 and the stator 6, not on the diameter of the rotor 2, because the magnetic field is generated between the fixed stator and the movable stator, that is, the machine can work even if the diameter is infinite. The magnetic field is generated between the two stators, and since scattering in the central part of the existing machine is avoided, a magnetic field of a more complex shape can be generated. Fig.23 and Fig.25 As shown, this even allows an odd number of poles.

[0091] Other factors may require the use of more than one movable stator 6. For example, if the motor is long, the rotor 2 is attached to the shaft 3 at several points to avoid vibration and bending of the shaft 3. In that case, the movable stator 6 will be separated from the rotor fastener 13, but the magnetic field orientation towards the stator 1 will form a common configuration of a composite movable stator. Such a motor has an improved aerodynamic profile and is suitable for embedding in wind turbines and aircraft / drones. These sequentially arranged movable stators 6 may not be of the same type, but at one end of the machine they are cylindrical and at the other end conical to obtain the desired profile of the machine and reduce the vortex of the air.

[0092] A person skilled in the art will realize that various modifications of the electric machine with an auxiliary movable stator are possible, also within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.All machine parts may be replaced by technically equivalent elements.

[0093] Reference numerals of technical features are included in the claims only for the purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims, and therefore, these reference numerals have no limiting effect on the interpretation of the elements denoted by these reference numerals.

Claims

1. A rotating electric machine, comprising: a stator (1) fixed to a housing (4) of the motor, a rotor (2) fixed to the shaft (3), the rotor (2) being freely rotatable relative to the stator (1) as the motor uses magnetic induction to transfer energy between the stator and the rotor, wherein the rotor (2) is hollow; The rotary electric machine further comprises at least one auxiliary movable stator (6) which is capable of orienting itself towards a magnetic field, the electric machine being able to generate said magnetic field due to the fact that the at least one auxiliary movable stator (6) is at least partially made of ferromagnetic material, and the at least one auxiliary movable stator (6) is coaxially positioned inside the hollow rotor (2) and is mounted to the inner part of the rotor (2) or to the shaft (3) by means of a bearing (5) so as to be freely rotatable relative to both the stator (1) and the rotor (2); wherein the rotor (2) is located between the fixed stator (1) and the at least one movable stator (6), It is characterized in that The rotor comprises a winding (11), and The rotating electric machine is a brushed DC machine or an induction machine.

2. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The rotor (2) is a hollow cylinder.

3. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The rotor (2) is a hollow cone.

4. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The ferromagnetic part of the at least one movable stator (6) is partly made of permanent magnets.

5. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The ferromagnetic part of the at least one movable stator (6) is made entirely of permanent magnets.

6. The motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The ferromagnetic material in the at least one movable stator (6) forms two or more bodies which are uniform in shape and are arranged symmetrically on the periphery of the movable stator with respect to the axis of rotation.

7. The motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The stator has a cross section that is axially symmetric with respect to the rotation axis of the electric machine.

8. The motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The number of magnetic poles of the at least one movable stator (6) is the same as the number of magnetic poles of the magnetic field generated by the stator (1).

9. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1 and 5, characterized in that The ferromagnetic part of the at least one movable stator (6) constitutes a dipole magnet.

10. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The motor has more than two magnetic poles.

11. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The motor is a brushed DC machine, and the stator is arranged in only a portion of the periphery of the rotor of the motor.

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