Experimental device and method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion

Abstract

The present invention provides a test device and method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, comprising a snowmelt runoff trough, wherein at least one row of first water inlet groups is provided on the first side of the snowmelt runoff trough, each row of the first water inlet groups comprises a plurality of first water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, and along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, at least one row of second water inlet groups is provided on the second side of the snowmelt runoff trough opposite to the first side, each row of the second water inlet groups comprises a plurality of second water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, the first water inlet group corresponds to the second water inlet group one by one, the plurality of first water inlets of the corresponding first water inlet group and the plurality of second water inlets of the second water inlet group are located at the same height, and the first water inlet and the second water inlet are arranged in a relatively staggered manner. The present invention realizes a realistic simulation of field snowmelt runoff erosion, improves the accuracy and reliability of the test results, and provides scientific guidance for the precise prevention and control of slope snowmelt runoff.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of snowmelt runoff erosion simulation test, and in particular to a test device and method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion. Background Art

[0002] Spring snowmelt runoff erosion in the black soil region of Northeast my country has an important impact on slope erosion and gully erosion. Therefore, revealing the mechanism of snowmelt runoff erosion will provide an important theoretical basis for the precise implementation of slope soil and water conservation measures and black soil protection.

[0003] Due to the unique climate and field management methods in Northeast my country, the upper layer of the soil profile thaws and melts while the lower layer remains frozen during the melting of snow on the ground in spring every year, resulting in frequent occurrence of soil midflow at the freeze-thaw interface. The formation of midflow greatly reduces the cohesion between soil particles and weakens the soil's erosion resistance, thereby exacerbating the degree of erosion by snowmelt runoff on the slope. However, due to the limitations of research technology and research methods, there is still a lack of research on the process and mechanism of slope soil erosion under the superposition of snowmelt runoff and midflow in the black soil region of Northeast China. On the one hand, the results cannot truly explain the cause of severe soil erosion in the black soil region from the driving mechanism, and on the other hand, they cannot provide scientific guidance for the precise prevention and control of snowmelt runoff on the slope. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a test device and method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, so as to solve the defect that the prior art cannot provide scientific guidance for preventing and controlling soil erosion caused by snowmelt runoff on slopes, realize the simulation of snowmelt runoff erosion process, and further provide scientific guidance for accurately preventing and controlling soil erosion caused by snowmelt runoff on slopes.

[0005] The present invention provides a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, comprising a snowmelt runoff trough, wherein at least one row of first water inlet groups is provided on a first side of the snowmelt runoff trough, each row of the first water inlet groups comprises a plurality of first water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, and along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, at least one row of second water inlet groups is provided on a second side of the snowmelt runoff trough opposite to the first side, each row of the second water inlet groups comprises a plurality of second water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, the first water inlet groups correspond to the second water inlet groups one by one, the plurality of first water inlets of the corresponding first water inlet groups and the plurality of second water inlets of the corresponding second water inlet groups are located at the same height, and the first water inlets and the second water inlets are relatively staggered.

[0006] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, the spacing between adjacent first water inlets of the first water inlet group is the same as the spacing between adjacent second water inlets of the corresponding second water inlet group.

[0007] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, an observation window is provided on the first end side of the snowmelt runoff trough, and the height of the observation window relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough is the same as the height of the first water inlet close to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough.

[0008] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, a water outlet is provided on the first end side of the snowmelt runoff trough, and the height of the water outlet relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough is greater than the height of the observation window relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough.

[0009] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the inclination of the snowmelt runoff trough is provided on the bottom side of the second end of the snowmelt runoff trough.

[0010] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, handles are provided on the first side and the second side of the snowmelt runoff trough.

[0011] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, a bracket is provided at the bottom side of the snowmelt runoff trough, and a moving wheel is provided at the bottom side of the bracket.

[0012] The present invention also provides a test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Prepare a well-mixed test soil;

[0014] Determining the moisture content of the test soil, spraying water on the test soil to a set moisture content, and leaving the test soil to stand for a first set time;

[0015] Filling the test soil after standing still into the snowmelt runoff trough;

[0016] Spraying water into the snowmelt runoff trough to make the test soil reach saturated water content, and sealing the test soil with a plastic wrap and leaving it to stand for a second set time;

[0017] placing the snowmelt runoff trough in a freezer at a first set temperature and freezing it for a third set time;

[0018] Taking out the snowmelt runoff trough, and thawing the test soil to a depth to the plane where the first water inlet and the second water inlet are located;

[0019] Water of a second set temperature, a set flow rate and a fourth set time is input into the snowmelt runoff trough through the first water inlet and the second water inlet to complete the soil flow and snowmelt runoff erosion test.

[0020] According to a test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, in the step of filling the test soil after standing still into the snowmelt runoff trough, a sand layer of a first set thickness is laid in the snowmelt runoff trough, and gauze is laid on the upper side of the sand layer, and the test soil after standing still is laid on the upper side of the gauze in three layers according to the set bulk density, and each layer of the test soil is laid with a second set thickness.

[0021] According to a test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, in the step of taking out the snowmelt runoff trough and thawing the test soil to the plane where the first water inlet and the second water inlet are located, the taken out snowmelt runoff trough is placed in a light-proof place and thawed at a third set temperature.

[0022] The present invention provides a test device and method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, wherein a snowmelt runoff trough is provided, wherein at least one row of first water inlet groups is provided on a first side of the snowmelt runoff trough, wherein each row of the first water inlet groups includes a plurality of first water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, and along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, at least one row of second water inlet groups is provided on a second side of the snowmelt runoff trough opposite to the first side, wherein each row of the second water inlet groups includes a plurality of second water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, wherein the first water inlet groups are provided at least one row of second water inlet groups. The first water inlet group corresponds to the second water inlet group one by one, the corresponding multiple first water inlets of the first water inlet group and the multiple second water inlets of the second water inlet group are located at the same height, and the first water inlet and the second water inlet are relatively staggered, so as to realize the uniform water supply to the freeze-thaw interface of the soil profile of the entire snowmelt runoff trough during the snowmelt process, truly simulate the hydrological state of the soil flow at the freeze-thaw interface, ensure uniform water supply, realize the realistic simulation of field snowmelt runoff erosion, improve the accuracy and reliability of the test results, and provide scientific guidance for the precise prevention and control of slope snowmelt runoff.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A top view of a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2A right side view of a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A left side view of a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A front view of a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention.

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] 100. Snowmelt runoff channel; 110. First water inlet; 120. Second water inlet; 130. Water outlet; 140. Observation window. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0035] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0036] Combine the following Figures 1 to 4The present invention describes a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, including a snowmelt runoff trough 100, at least one row of first water inlet groups is provided on a first side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, each row of the first water inlet groups includes a plurality of first water inlets 110 arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough 100, at least one row of second water inlet groups is provided on a second side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 opposite to the first side along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough 100, each row of the second water inlet groups includes a plurality of second water inlets 120 arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, the first water inlet groups correspond to the second water inlet groups one by one, the plurality of first water inlets 110 of the corresponding first water inlet groups and the plurality of second water inlets 120 of the second water inlet groups are located at the same height, and the first water inlets 110 and the second water inlets 120 are relatively staggered. It can be understood that along the runoff direction of the snowmelt in the snowmelt runoff trough 100, that is, the length direction of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, at least one row of first water inlet groups is provided on the first side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100. In this embodiment, three rows of first water inlet groups are provided along the height direction of the snowmelt runoff trough 100. The spacing between two adjacent rows of first water inlet groups can be set to be the same or different, so as to realize the simulation observation of the hydrological state of the flow in the soil at different depths of freeze-thaw interface. In this embodiment, three rows of first water inlet groups with equal spacing are provided. Each row of the first water inlet group includes a plurality of first water inlets 110 arranged at equal spacing along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough 100. It is worth noting that the plurality of first water inlets 110 in each row of the first water inlet group are located at the same horizontal height.

[0037] Along the runoff direction of the snowmelt in the snowmelt runoff trough 100, that is, the length direction of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, at least one row of second water inlet groups is provided on the second side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 opposite to the first side. In this embodiment, three rows of second water inlet groups are provided along the height direction of the snowmelt runoff trough 100. The spacing between two adjacent rows of second water inlet groups can be set to be the same or different, so as to realize the simulation and observation of the hydrological state of the mid-soil flow at different depths of freeze-thaw interfaces. In this embodiment, three rows of second water inlet groups with equal spacing are provided. Each row of the second water inlet group includes a plurality of second water inlets 120 arranged at equal spacing along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough. Water is supplied to the snowmelt runoff trough 100 through the first water inlet 110 and the second water inlet 120 respectively, so as to realize the simulation of the mid-soil flow. It is worth noting that the plurality of second water inlets 120 of each row of the second water inlet group are located at the same horizontal height.

[0038] Furthermore, the corresponding multiple first water inlets 110 of the first water inlet group and the multiple second water inlets 120 of the second water inlet group are located at the same height, that is, when the snowmelt runoff trough 100 is placed horizontally, the multiple first water inlets 110 and the multiple second water inlets 120 are located in the same horizontal plane. The first water inlet 110 and the second water inlet 120 are relatively staggered, that is, the axis of the first water inlet 110 does not coincide with the axis of the second water inlet 120, so as to achieve uniform water supply in the snowmelt runoff trough 100, ensure the authenticity of the simulation test, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0039] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, the spacing between adjacent first water inlets 110 of the first water inlet group is the same as the spacing between adjacent second water inlets 120 of the corresponding second water inlet group. It can be understood that in order to further evenly distribute the water supply in the snowmelt runoff trough 100, the spacing between adjacent first water inlets 110 is set to be the same as the spacing between adjacent second water inlets 120.

[0040] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, an observation window 140 is provided at the first end side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, and the height of the observation window 140 relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 is the same as the height of the first water inlet 110 near the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough 100. It can be understood that the first end side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, i.e., the relatively lower end side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 when it is inclined, is provided with the observation window 140 to observe the progress of the simulation test in the snowmelt runoff trough 100. The height of the observation window 140 relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 is the same as the height of the first water inlet 110 closest to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, that is, when the snowmelt runoff trough 100 is placed horizontally, the center of the observation window 140 and the first water inlet 110 and the second water inlet 120 with the lowest height are all located in the same horizontal plane.

[0041] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, a water outlet 130 is provided at the first end side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, and the height of the water outlet 130 relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 is greater than the height of the observation window 140 relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough 100. It can be understood that the water outlet 130 and the observation window 140 of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 are located at the same end side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, and the vertical height of the water outlet 130 is higher than the height of the observation window 140, so that the snowmelt in the snowmelt runoff trough 100 flows out of the snowmelt runoff trough 100.

[0042] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the inclination of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 is provided at the bottom side of the second end of the snowmelt runoff trough 100. It can be understood that the hydraulic cylinder is used to adjust the inclination of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, realize the simulation adjustment of various natural slopes, and improve the accuracy of the test results. The hydraulic cylinder and the water outlet 130 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the snowmelt runoff trough 100. It is worth noting that other lifting devices, such as a screw lift, can also be used.

[0043] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, handles are provided on the first side and the second side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100. It can be understood that in order to facilitate the lifting and movement of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, handles are provided on the first side and the second side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, respectively, and the specific number of handles provided can be specifically set according to the length of the snowmelt runoff trough 100.

[0044] According to a test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, a bracket is provided at the bottom side of the snowmelt runoff trough 100, and a moving wheel is provided at the bottom side of the bracket. It can be understood that the snowmelt runoff trough 100 is provided on the upper side of the bracket, and the moving wheel is provided at the bottom side of the bracket, so as to facilitate the movement of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 and save manpower.

[0045] The test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention is described below. The test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion described below and the test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion described above can be referenced to each other.

[0046] The present invention also provides a test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Prepare a well-mixed test soil;

[0048] Determine the moisture content of the test soil, spray water on the test soil to a set moisture content, and let it stand for a first set time; wherein the first set time is preferably 12 hours to 24 hours;

[0049] Filling the test soil after standing still into the snowmelt runoff trough 100;

[0050] Spray water into the snowmelt runoff trough 100 to make the test soil reach saturated water content, cover the test soil with a plastic wrap and leave it for a second set time; wherein the second set time is preferably 15 hours to 28 hours;

[0051] The snowmelt runoff trough 100 is placed in a freezer at a first set temperature and frozen for a third set time; wherein the first set temperature is preferably -15°C, and the third set time is preferably 39 hours;

[0052] The snowmelt runoff trough 100 is taken out, and the test soil is thawed to a depth to the plane where the first water inlet 110 and the second water inlet 120 are located;

[0053] Water of a second set temperature, a set flow rate and a fourth set time is input into the snowmelt runoff trough 100 through the first water inlet 110 and the second water inlet 120 to complete the soil flow and snowmelt runoff erosion test, wherein the second set temperature is preferably 0°C to 4°C, the set flow rate is preferably 130ml / min to 135ml / min, and the fourth set time is preferably 40min.

[0054] According to a test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, in the step of filling the test soil after standing still into the snowmelt runoff trough 100, a sand layer of a first set thickness is laid in the snowmelt runoff trough 100, and gauze is laid on the upper side of the sand layer, and the test soil after standing still is laid on the upper side of the gauze in three layers according to the set bulk density, and each layer of the test soil is laid with a second set thickness. The first set thickness is preferably 3 cm, and the second set thickness is preferably 4 cm.

[0055] According to a test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention, in the step of taking out the snowmelt runoff trough 100 and thawing the test soil to the plane where the first water inlet 110 and the second water inlet 120 are located, the taken out snowmelt runoff trough 100 is placed in a light-proof place and thawed at a third set temperature. The third set temperature is preferably 0°C to 4°C.

[0056] The present invention provides a test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0057] After the black soil is retrieved from the field, stones, root residues, straw, etc. in the soil sample are picked out and air-dried. The large clods in the soil sample are broken apart according to the natural joints of the soil to protect its original structure. The soil is fully mixed to complete the preparation of the test soil.

[0058] Determine the moisture content of the test soil, calculate the mass of the test soil required according to the soil bulk density, calculate the amount of water required for the test soil moisture content to be 16.5% according to the mass of the test soil, slowly spray the required amount of water into the test soil with a watering can, stir it thoroughly, seal it with plastic wrap, and then let it stand for 12 hours;

[0059] A 3 cm thick sand layer was laid at the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 as a permeable layer, and gauze was laid on the upper surface of the sand layer. The test soil was diluted to 1.2 g / cm 3The bulk density of the test soil was laid on the gauze in three layers, and the thickness of each layer was 4 cm. After each layer of test soil was laid, the surface of the test soil layer was scratched with a 1 cm thick wooden board before laying the next layer to prevent stratification between two adjacent layers of test soil and ensure the uniformity and integrity of the fill.

[0060] The amount of water required for the test soil to reach saturated water content was calculated based on the test soil water content of 16.5%, and the water was slowly and evenly sprayed on the test soil with a watering can to prepare the test soil with saturated water content. The entire snowmelt runoff trough 100 was sealed with plastic wrap and left to stand for 24 hours to evenly disperse the water in the test soil in the snowmelt runoff trough 100.

[0061] The snowmelt runoff trough 100 was placed in a constant temperature freezer at -15°C for 36 hours to completely freeze the test soil;

[0062] The snowmelt runoff trough 100 is taken out of the freezer, placed in a dark place, and thawed at room temperature. When the thawing depth of the test soil, i.e., the freezing and thawing interface, is located at the same plane as the first water inlet 110 and the second water inlet 120, the soil midflow and snowmelt runoff erosion test is started;

[0063] The length of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 is 100 cm, the width is 50 cm, the height is 20 cm, the spacing between adjacent first water inlets 110 is 40 cm, and the spacing between adjacent second water inlets 120 is 40 cm. The first water inlet 110 and the second water inlet 120 of the snowmelt runoff trough 100 are respectively connected to the water outlet of the Malchnitz flask through a hose, and the Malchnitz flask corresponds to the first water inlet 110 and the second water inlet 120 one by one. The inner diameter of the hose is 8 mm and the outer diameter is 12 mm. The flow rate of the water outlet of the Malchnitz flask is 130 ml / min to 135 ml / min, the water temperature is 0°C to 4°C, and the water supply time is 40 minutes. The soil midflow and snowmelt runoff erosion tests are completed.

[0064] The test method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion provided by the present invention provides comparative test results of runoff and erosion on black soil slopes under conditions of mid-flow with and without soil:

[0065]

[0066] The present invention provides a test device and method for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, wherein a snowmelt runoff trough is provided, wherein at least one row of first water inlet groups is provided on a first side of the snowmelt runoff trough, wherein each row of the first water inlet groups includes a plurality of first water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, and along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, at least one row of second water inlet groups is provided on a second side of the snowmelt runoff trough opposite to the first side, wherein each row of the second water inlet groups includes a plurality of second water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, wherein the first water inlet groups are provided at least one row of second water inlet groups. The first water inlet group corresponds to the second water inlet group one by one, the corresponding multiple first water inlets of the first water inlet group and the multiple second water inlets of the second water inlet group are located at the same height, and the first water inlet and the second water inlet are relatively staggered, so as to realize the uniform water supply to the freeze-thaw interface of the soil profile of the entire snowmelt runoff trough during the snowmelt process, truly simulate the hydrological state of the soil flow at the freeze-thaw interface, ensure uniform water supply, realize the realistic simulation of field snowmelt runoff erosion, improve the accuracy and reliability of the test results, and provide scientific guidance for the precise prevention and control of slope snowmelt runoff.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0068] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion, characterized in that: A snowmelt runoff trough is provided, wherein at least one row of first water inlet groups is provided on a first side of the snowmelt runoff trough, each row of the first water inlet groups includes a plurality of first water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, and at least one row of second water inlet groups is provided on a second side of the snowmelt runoff trough opposite to the first side along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, each row of the second water inlet groups includes a plurality of second water inlets arranged at equal intervals along the runoff direction in the snowmelt runoff trough, the first water inlet groups correspond to the second water inlet groups one by one, the plurality of first water inlets of the corresponding first water inlet groups and the plurality of second water inlets of the corresponding second water inlet groups are located at the same height, and the first water inlets and the second water inlets are arranged in a staggered manner relative to each other; The spacing between adjacent first water inlets of the first water inlet group is the same as the spacing between adjacent second water inlets of the corresponding second water inlet group; An observation window is provided on the first end side of the snowmelt runoff trough, and the height of the observation window relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough is the same as the height of the first water inlet close to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough.

2. The test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water outlet is provided at the first end side of the snowmelt runoff trough, and the height of the water outlet relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough is greater than the height of the observation window relative to the bottom of the snowmelt runoff trough.

3. The test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the inclination of the snowmelt runoff trough is provided on the bottom side of the second end of the snowmelt runoff trough.

4. The test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first side and the second side of the snowmelt runoff trough are both provided with handles.

5. The test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A bracket is provided on the bottom side of the snowmelt runoff trough, and a moving wheel is provided on the bottom side of the bracket.

6. A test method based on the test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Prepare a well-mixed test soil; Determining the moisture content of the test soil, spraying water on the test soil to a set moisture content, and leaving the test soil to stand for a first set time; Filling the test soil after standing still into the snowmelt runoff trough; Spraying water into the snowmelt runoff trough to make the test soil reach saturated water content, and sealing the test soil with a plastic wrap and leaving it to stand for a second set time; placing the snowmelt runoff trough in a freezer at a first set temperature and freezing it for a third set time; Taking out the snowmelt runoff trough, and thawing the test soil to a depth to the plane where the first water inlet and the second water inlet are located; Water of a second set temperature, a set flow rate and a fourth set time is input into the snowmelt runoff trough through the first water inlet and the second water inlet to complete the soil flow and snowmelt runoff erosion test.

7. The test method based on the test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step of filling the test soil after standing still into the snowmelt runoff trough, a sand layer of a first set thickness is laid in the snowmelt runoff trough, and gauze is laid on the upper side of the sand layer. The test soil after standing still is laid on the upper side of the gauze in three layers according to the set bulk density, and each layer of the test soil is laid with a second set thickness.

8. The test method based on the test device for simulating snowmelt runoff erosion according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step of taking out the snowmelt runoff trough and thawing the test soil to the plane where the first water inlet and the second water inlet are located, the taken out snowmelt runoff trough is placed in a light-proof place and thawed at a third set temperature.

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