A fault handling method based on 5G communication module distribution line

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fault handling method for a power distribution line based on a 5G communication module, including a power distribution main station, a terminal device, a 5G network communication module and a line tower. The power distribution main station, the regional terminal and the unit terminal are all provided with a 5G network communication module. A wireless connection is provided between the power distribution main station and the regional terminal through the 5G network communication module, and a wireless connection is provided between the regional terminal and the unit terminal through the 5G network communication module. Beneficial effects of the present invention: the unit terminal and the regional terminal cooperate with each other through the 5G network communication module; the accuracy of fault judgment can be improved, the time for fault isolation and power supply restoration in non-faulty areas can be reduced, and the workload of operation and maintenance personnel can be reduced; the operation status of the line and the intelligent substation can be monitored in real time, and the operation and maintenance personnel can be reminded of the problems and risk points in the line operation, and the number of line faults can be reduced; the number of short-term power outages of the line can be reduced, the use time of the equipment can be increased, and the user's power experience can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power distribution line fault processing, and in particular to a fault processing method for a power distribution line based on a 5G communication module. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, 10kV distribution lines are widely distributed, the operating environment is complex, and faults occur frequently. How to quickly locate and isolate the fault and restore power supply to the non-fault area after a short-circuit fault occurs in the distribution line? The current solution adopts centralized feeder automation and local feeder automation to solve the problem, such as Chinese patents: 1. Distribution network fault handling method using regional locking (publication number: CN105552858B); 2. Adaptive local feeder automation fault handling method based on regional sequence number (publication number: CN109245072B); 3. A distribution network grounding fault analysis method based on deep learning (publication number: CN109324266A) The technical solutions all adopt centralized feeder automation or local feeder automation to solve the problem.

[0003] Centralized feeder automation is highly flexible and adaptable, but if all distribution lines adopt the centralized feeder automation model, not only will laying optical cables consume a lot of resources, but the main distribution station will also be under tremendous pressure. Recloser-type local feeder automation requires the substation's outgoing line switches to be reclosed multiple times to cooperate, resulting in multiple impacts on the primary grid and multiple short-term calls on the user end, which can easily damage the primary grid and bring a bad power experience to users.

[0004] Distributed on-site feeder automation can quickly handle faults, but it has high requirements for network communications, requires the laying of optical cables, is costly, and is difficult to operate and maintain.

[0005] Traditional local feeder automation needs to coordinate with the tripping delay and reclosing time limit of the outgoing line switch of the substation to automatically clear the fault. However, in multi-section switch lines, it is difficult to coordinate the set values ​​between switches, and the time difference cannot be coordinated. When handling faults, traditional local feeder automation is based on multiple tripping and reclosing of outgoing line switches and line section switches. Generally, two reclosings are required to complete fault isolation and restore power supply to non-fault areas. After the traditional feeder automation function is started, if the switch refuses to trip or trips incorrectly, the feeder automation function logic will stop and cannot be executed, resulting in abnormal line fault handling. The feeder terminal only has the function of providing the operation status of the distribution system and various parameters and information required for monitoring and control, and can only upload this information to the distribution master station for analysis.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a fault handling method based on the 5G communication module distribution line for the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] A fault handling method for a power distribution line based on a 5G communication module, comprising a power distribution master station, a terminal device, a 5G network communication module and a line tower, wherein the terminal device comprises a regional terminal for edge computing and a unit terminal for real-time monitoring of line operation conditions, wherein the regional terminal is installed on the line tower, and the unit terminal is also installed on the line tower, wherein the power distribution master station, the regional terminal and the unit terminal are all provided with a 5G network communication module, wherein a wireless connection is provided between the power distribution master station and the regional terminal through the 5G network communication module, and a wireless connection is provided between the regional terminal and the unit terminal through the 5G network communication module;

[0009] The line topology establishment method of the fault handling method is as follows: when the unit-type terminal is powered on, it registers the information of the tower location where it is located with the regional terminal that performs edge computing. The regional terminal that performs edge computing synchronizes the registration information of all regional terminals with all unit-type terminals of the line every once in a while (6-12 hours), so that each regional terminal knows the location of all unit-type terminals of the line;

[0010] If the device is in operation for a long time, it will be registered once every period of time (6-12 hours); the regional terminal performing edge computing will synchronize the registration information of all regional terminals to the unit terminal once every period of time (6-12 hours);

[0011] If there is a problem with the line operation status, the corresponding countermeasures will be taken immediately according to the corresponding problem, and the unit-type terminals on the line will be notified to respond accordingly, and the final processing results will be reported to the distribution master station. After the terminal equipment is newly installed or removed from the line, the terminal equipment on the line will automatically update the topology data information, including the tower location, equipment number and IoT card IP information.

[0012] A fault handling method based on a 5G communication module distribution line, also includes a short circuit fault handling method, a ground fault handling method, a line break fault handling method, a distributed power supply management fault handling method, a distribution network line management fault handling method, a communication abnormality fault handling method and a switch refusal fault handling method.

[0013] The short-circuit fault processing method comprises the following steps: after a fault occurs, the terminal equipment upstream of the fault detects the fault. If there is a differential coordination between the protections of the line switches, the switch upstream of the fault closest to the fault point trips to remove the fault at the fastest speed. If there is no differential coordination between the protections of the line switches, all switches upstream of the fault trip to remove the fault at the fastest speed. After the fault is removed, the terminal downstream of the fault detects that the line is in a de-voltage state.

[0014] When the unit-type terminal device upstream of the fault detects a short-circuit current, it will upload the information of the detected fault to the regional terminal; when the terminal device downstream of the fault detects that the line is in a de-voltage state, it will upload the information of the detected de-voltage of the line to the regional terminal;

[0015] After receiving information about line fault or line pressure loss, the regional terminal will wait for the other unit terminals to continue to send information, and start to judge the fault area when the conditions for starting to judge the fault area are met; the conditions for starting to judge the fault area are: ① The regional terminal receives the information sent by all unit terminals on the line; ② When the information received by the regional terminal already contains the information detected by all terminal devices before and after the fault point and directly connected to the fault point; ③ Set a delay, start timing when the regional terminal receives the first information, and end the delay timing; When any of the above conditions is met, the regional terminal starts fault analysis and location;

[0016] After the unit-type terminal completes the fault location of the regional terminal, the unit-type terminals at both ends of the fault point receive the information of the regional terminal fault location, and process the fault according to the received information, combined with the information detected by itself and the opening and closing position of the switch. If it is an overcurrent fault, first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, control the switch to open, forward lock and close, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is in the open state, forward lock and close, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful; if it is a line loss of pressure, first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, control the switch to open, reverse lock and close, and confirm that the downstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful; if it is in the open state, reverse lock and close, and confirm that the downstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful;

[0017] If the regional terminal locates itself at a certain end of the fault point, it will first determine whether it detects an overcurrent fault or a line pressure loss. If it is an overcurrent fault, it will first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, it will control the switch to open, lock the switch in the forward direction, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is in the open state, it will lock the switch in the forward direction, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is a line pressure loss, it will first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, it will control the switch to open, lock the switch in the reverse direction, and confirm that the downstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is in the open state, it will lock the switch in the reverse direction, and confirm that the downstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful.

[0018] After the regional terminal receives the reverse blocking information of the downstream terminal equipment of the fault point, it notifies the contact switch behind the reverse blocked terminal equipment and with the conditions for contact transfer that the fault has been isolated. After receiving the fault isolation information, the contact switch starts contact transfer.

[0019] The ground fault processing method is as follows: when the terminal equipment on the line detects a sudden change in zero voltage, it starts to calculate the integral of zero-sequence active power for 5 cycles, and monitors the direction of zero-sequence current; when the integration of zero-sequence active power is completed, the unit-type terminal sends the calculated zero-sequence power and the monitored zero-sequence current direction to the regional terminal at the same time, and the regional terminal starts to determine the fault area after collecting the information of the unit-type terminal; the process of the regional terminal determining grounding is divided into two steps: the first step is line selection, and the second step is section selection; the first step of line selection process: if the zero-sequence current direction detected by all terminals on the line is the same and the zero-sequence active power is positive, it can be determined that the line is a non-fault line. If this condition is not met, it is determined that the ground fault is located in this line, and the first step of line selection is completed. The second step of the section selection process: If it is confirmed that the ground fault is located in this line, the direction of the zero-sequence current monitored by each terminal is determined. If the two terminals are topologically one before the other and the zero-sequence current is in the opposite direction, it can be determined that the ground fault is located between the two terminals. If the direction of the zero-sequence current monitored by each terminal is the same, the positive and negative zero-sequence active power detected by each terminal device is determined. If the two terminals are topologically one before the other and the zero-sequence active power detected is one positive and one negative, it can be determined that the ground fault is located between the two terminal devices. Then the regional terminal opens the terminal devices on both sides of the fault, and locks and closes them, and sends the opening and locking information to the regional terminal. After the regional terminal confirms that the fault area is successfully isolated, if the downstream line of the grounding point has the conditions for contact and power transfer, the regional terminal notifies the contact switch to close the switch for power transfer.

[0020] The line break fault processing method includes a single-phase line break fault judgment method and a two-phase line break fault judgment method; the single-phase line break fault judgment method: after a single-phase line break fault occurs, the fault characteristics detected by the upstream device of the line break point are: the phase current of the fault phase will decrease, and the angle of the phase current of the non-fault phase will increase; the fault characteristics detected by the downstream device of the line break point are: the phase voltage of the fault phase decreases, two of the three line voltages are reduced to 0.5 times the rated line voltage, and one remains unchanged; when two topologically connected devices respectively monitor the fault characteristics of the upstream and downstream of the single-phase line break point, the line break fault occurs between the two devices;

[0021] Method for judging a two-phase line break fault: After a two-phase line break fault occurs, the fault characteristics detected by the upstream device of the line break point are: a decrease in the three-phase current or an increase in the two-phase current; the fault characteristics detected by the downstream device of the line break point are: a decrease in the three-phase voltage, the phases are the same, and the line voltage decreases to zero; when two topologically connected devices respectively detect the fault characteristics upstream and downstream of the two-phase line break point, the line break fault occurs between the two devices.

[0022] After the disconnection fault section is determined, the regional terminal sends the fault area determination information to the terminal devices at both ends of the fault. After receiving the information, the terminal devices at both ends of the fault start to open the switch, lock and close the switch, and remove the fault. Then the terminal devices at both ends of the fault send the information that the fault has been isolated to the regional terminal. The regional terminal determines whether the non-fault area downstream of the disconnection point needs to be connected and transferred and whether it has the conditions for contact and transfer. If it is necessary and has the conditions for contact and transfer, the regional terminal sends the contact and transfer information to the corresponding contact switch. After receiving the information, the contact switch contacts and transfers.

[0023] The management method of distributed power supply is as follows: on a line with distributed power supply, when a short circuit fault occurs, the fault current flowing into the fault point is the superposition of the fault currents of the two power supply points of the substation and the distributed power supply. When the fault occurs in the middle of the topological position of the substation and the distributed power supply, the directions of the fault currents from the fault point to the two power supply points are opposite, and the terminal equipment of the non-fault circuit cannot detect the fault current. At this time, the fault area is located between the two terminal equipments connected in the topological structure and detecting the opposite fault currents. When the fault occurs on the same side of the topological position of the substation and the distributed power supply, the directions of the fault currents detected by the terminal equipment on the fault circuit are consistent, and the fault area is located between the two terminal equipments connected in the topological structure and detecting the fault current and not detecting the fault current. After the fault section judgment is completed, the regional terminal sends the information of the fault area to the unit terminal. After receiving the information of the fault area, the terminals on both sides of the fault judge the opening and closing information of their own switches. If it is in the closing position, the switch is opened and locked. If it is in the open position, the switch is directly locked and the information of the locked closing is sent to the regional terminal. The regional terminal confirms the fault isolation according to the received blocking and closing information. When the terminals on both sides of the fault are evenly separated and blocked and closed, the fault isolation is completed. The regional terminal sends the fault isolation success information to the terminals and contact switches that are not located on both sides of the fault area. The terminals that are not located on both sides of the fault area and the terminals that meet the contact and transfer conditions begin to restore the power supply to the non-fault area.

[0024] The management method of the distribution network line is as follows: the unit terminal will send the monitored voltage and current information to the regional terminal at a fixed time, and the opening and closing information of the switch of the unit terminal will also be uploaded to the regional terminal. When the regional terminal receives abnormal voltage and current sent by a unit terminal, but other terminals do not find abnormalities, it means that the voltage or current sensor of this switch is operating faulty and needs to be repaired and replaced, and the person in charge of the line is notified;

[0025] If the regional terminal often receives the information of the opening and closing of a unit terminal, it means that the unit terminal or the corresponding switch body has a fault and needs to be repaired or replaced, and the person in charge of the line should be notified;

[0026] If the link between the regional terminal and a unit terminal is often disconnected and the information from the unit terminal cannot be received, it can be considered that the unit terminal has a fault, provided that signal factors are eliminated. It needs to be repaired and replaced, and the person in charge of the line should be notified.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) The unit terminal and the regional terminal can cooperate with each other through the 5G network communication module to automatically update the changing line topology structure; it can improve the accuracy of fault judgment, reduce the time of fault isolation and restoration of power supply to non-fault areas, and reduce the workload of operation and maintenance personnel; it can be applied to lines with distributed power sources to optimize the management of distributed power sources; it can monitor the operation status of lines and smart substations in real time, remind operation and maintenance personnel of problems and risk points in line operation, and reduce the number of line faults; (2) it can reduce the number of fault current impacts on the power system, reduce the number of short-term power outages on the line, increase the equipment usage time and improve the user's power experience. It makes it possible to divide long lines into multiple levels, and the fault isolation time is faster; the time to restore power supply to non-fault areas is shorter; (3) the impact on substations is reduced; the number of set values ​​is less than that of traditional feeder automation, which is convenient for equipment commissioning, installation and maintenance; equipment false tripping and refusal can be corrected through communication between devices; (4) line break detection is convenient; ground fault detection is more accurate; distributed power management can be carried out, and the line can be monitored. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a layout diagram of the terminal of the present invention on the tower;

[0031] Figures 3 to 8 It is a structural diagram of an embodiment of a short-circuit fault processing method of the present invention;

[0032] Figures 9 to 13 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of a ground fault processing method of the present invention;

[0033] Figures 14 to 18 It is a structural diagram of an embodiment of a method for handling a disconnection fault of the present invention;

[0034] Figures 19 to 24 It is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the management and processing method of distributed power sources of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0036] like Figure 1 Combined with Figures 2 to 24As shown, a fault handling method for a power distribution line based on a 5G communication module includes a power distribution master station, a terminal device, a 5G network communication module and a line tower, wherein the terminal device includes a regional terminal for edge computing and a unit terminal for real-time monitoring of line operation conditions, wherein the regional terminal and the unit terminal are installed on the line tower, and the power distribution master station, the regional terminal and the unit terminal are all provided with a 5G network communication module, wherein a wireless connection is provided between the power distribution master station and the regional terminal through the 5G network communication module, and a wireless connection is provided between the regional terminal and the unit terminal through the 5G network communication module;

[0037] The method of establishing the topological structure of the fault handling method is as follows: when the unit-type terminal is powered on, it registers the location information of the tower where it is located with the regional terminal that performs edge computing. The regional terminal that performs edge computing synchronizes the registration information of all regional terminals with all unit-type terminals of the line every 6-12 hours, so that each regional terminal knows the location of all unit-type terminals of the line;

[0038] If the device is in operation for a long time, registration is performed every 6-12 hours; the regional terminal performing edge computing synchronizes the registration information of all regional terminals to the unit terminal every 6-12 hours;

[0039] If there is a problem with the line operation status, respond immediately according to the corresponding problem, notify the unit-type terminal on the line to respond accordingly, and report the final processing result to the distribution master station.

[0040] The data information includes tower location, equipment number and IoT card IP information.

[0041] A fault handling method for a 5G communication module power distribution line, including a short circuit fault handling method, a ground fault handling method, a line break fault handling method, management of distributed power sources, management of distribution network lines, communication anomaly handling methods and switch refusal handling methods.

[0042] The short-circuit fault processing method comprises the following steps: after a fault occurs, the terminal device upstream of the fault detects the fault. If there is a differential coordination between the protections of the line switches, the switch upstream of the fault closest to the fault point trips to remove the fault at the fastest speed. If there is no differential coordination between the protections of the line switches, all switches upstream of the fault trip to remove the fault at the fastest speed. After the fault is removed, the terminal device downstream of the fault detects that the line is in a de-voltage state.

[0043] When the unit-type terminal device upstream of the fault detects a short-circuit current, it will upload the information of the detected fault to the regional terminal; when the terminal device downstream of the fault detects that the line is in a de-voltage state, it will upload the information of the detected de-voltage of the line to the regional terminal;

[0044] After receiving information about line fault or line pressure loss, the regional terminal will wait for the other unit terminals to continue to send information, and will start to judge the fault area when the conditions for starting to judge the fault area are met; the conditions for starting to judge the fault area are: ① The regional terminal receives the information sent by all unit terminals on the line; ② When the information received by the regional terminal already contains the information detected by all terminal devices before and after the fault point and directly connected to the fault point; ③ Set a delay, start timing when the regional terminal receives the first information, and end the delay timing; When any of the above conditions is met, the regional terminal starts fault analysis and location;

[0045] After the unit-type terminal completes the fault location of the regional terminal, the unit-type terminals at both ends of the fault point receive the information of the regional terminal fault location, and process the fault according to the received information, combined with the information detected by itself and the opening and closing position of the switch. If it is an overcurrent fault, first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, control the switch to open, forward lock and close, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is in the open state, forward lock and close, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful; if it is a line loss of pressure, first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, control the switch to open, reverse lock and close, and confirm that the downstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful; if it is in the open state, reverse lock and close, and confirm that the downstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful;

[0046] If the regional terminal locates itself at a certain end of the fault point, it will first determine whether it detects an overcurrent fault or a line pressure loss. If it is an overcurrent fault, it will first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, it will control the switch to open, lock the switch in the forward direction, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is in the open state, it will lock the switch in the forward direction, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is a line pressure loss, it will first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, it will control the switch to open, lock the switch in the reverse direction, and confirm that the downstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is in the open state, it will lock the switch in the reverse direction, and confirm that the downstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful.

[0047] After the regional terminal receives the reverse blocking information of the terminal downstream of the fault point, it notifies the contact switch behind the reverse blocking terminal that has the conditions for contact and power transfer that the fault has been isolated. The contact switch starts contact and power transfer after receiving the fault isolation information.

[0048] The ground fault processing method is as follows: when the terminal equipment on the line detects a sudden change in zero voltage, it starts to calculate the integral of zero-sequence active power for 5 cycles, and monitors the direction of zero-sequence current; when the integration of zero-sequence active power is completed, the unit-type terminal sends the calculated zero-sequence power and the monitored zero-sequence current direction to the regional terminal at the same time, and the regional terminal starts to determine the fault area after collecting the information of the unit-type terminal; the process of the regional terminal determining grounding is divided into two steps: the first step is line selection, and the second step is section selection; the first step of line selection process: if the zero-sequence current direction detected by all terminals on the line is the same and the zero-sequence active power is positive, it can be determined that the line is a non-fault line. If this condition is not met, it is determined that the ground fault is located in this line, and the first step of line selection is completed. The second step is the section selection process: if it is confirmed that the ground fault is located in this line, then start to determine the direction of the zero-sequence current monitored by each terminal. If the two terminal devices are topologically one after the other and the directions of the zero-sequence currents are opposite, it can be determined that the ground fault is between the two terminals. If the directions of the zero-sequence currents monitored by each terminal are the same, then determine the positive and negative zero-sequence active power detected by each terminal device. If the two terminal devices are topologically one after the other and the detected zero-sequence active power is positive and negative, it can be determined that the ground fault is between the two terminal devices.

[0049] When the regional terminal determines the fault area, the regional terminal opens the terminals on both sides of the fault, locks and closes them, and sends the opening and closing information to the regional terminal. After the regional terminal confirms that the fault area is isolated successfully, if the downstream line of the grounding point has the conditions for contact and power transfer, the regional terminal notifies the contact switch to close and transfer power.

[0050] The line break fault processing method includes a single-phase line break fault judgment method and a two-phase line break fault judgment method; the single-phase line break fault judgment method: after a single-phase line break fault occurs, the fault characteristics detected by the upstream device of the line break point are: the phase current of the fault phase will decrease, and the angle of the phase current of the non-fault phase will increase; the fault characteristics detected by the downstream device of the line break point are: the phase voltage of the fault phase decreases, two of the three line voltages are reduced to 0.5 times the rated line voltage, and one remains unchanged; when two topologically connected devices respectively monitor the fault characteristics of the upstream and downstream of the single-phase line break point, the line break fault occurs between the two devices;

[0051] Method for judging a two-phase line break fault: After a two-phase line break fault occurs, the fault characteristics detected by the upstream device of the line break point are: a decrease in the three-phase current or an increase in the two-phase current; the fault characteristics detected by the downstream device of the line break point are: a decrease in the three-phase voltage, the phases are the same, and the line voltage decreases to zero; when two topologically connected devices respectively detect the fault characteristics upstream and downstream of the two-phase line break point, the line break fault occurs between the two devices.

[0052] When the fault section is confirmed, the regional terminal sends the fault area judgment information to the terminals at both ends of the fault. After receiving the information, the terminals at both ends of the fault start to open the switch, lock and close the switch, and remove the fault. Then the terminals at both ends of the fault send the information that the fault has been isolated to the regional terminal. The regional terminal determines whether the non-fault area downstream of the disconnection point needs to be connected and transferred and whether it has the conditions for contact and transfer. If it is necessary and has the conditions for contact and transfer, the regional terminal sends the contact and transfer information to the corresponding contact switch. After receiving the information, the contact switch contacts and transfers.

[0053] The management method of distributed power sources is as follows: on a line with distributed power sources, when a short circuit fault occurs, the fault current flowing into the fault point is the superposition of the fault currents of the two power supply points, the substation and the distributed power source. When the fault occurs in the middle of the substation and the distributed power source topological position, the directions of the fault currents from the fault point to the two power supply points are opposite, and the terminal equipment of the non-fault circuit cannot detect the fault current. At this time, the fault area is located between the two terminals connected in the topological structure and detecting the opposite fault currents. When the fault occurs on the same side of the substation and the distributed power source topological position, the direction of the fault current detected by the terminal equipment on the fault circuit is the same, and the fault area is located between the two terminals connected in the topological structure and detecting the fault current and not detecting the fault current.

[0054] The management method of the distribution network line is as follows: the unit terminal will send the monitored voltage and current information to the regional terminal at a fixed time, and the opening and closing information of the switch of the unit terminal will also be uploaded to the regional terminal. When the regional terminal receives abnormal voltage and current sent by a unit terminal, but other terminals do not find abnormalities, it means that the voltage or current sensor of this switch is operating faulty and needs to be repaired and replaced, and the person in charge of the line is notified;

[0055] If the regional terminal often receives the information of opening and closing of a unit-type terminal, it proves that the unit-type terminal or the corresponding switch body has failed and needs to be repaired or replaced, and the person in charge of the line should be notified; if the regional terminal and a unit-type terminal are often disconnected and the information of the unit-type terminal cannot be received, it can be considered that the unit-type terminal has failed, excluding signal factors, and needs to be inspected and replaced, and the person in charge of the line should be notified.

[0056] The communication abnormality processing methods include unit terminal communication abnormality and regional terminal communication abnormality;

[0057] The method for handling abnormal communication of unit-type terminals is as follows: when there is no abnormal operation of the line, the regional terminal will periodically send heartbeat packets to the unit-type terminal. If no reply is received from one of the unit-type terminals within a certain time, it is considered that the communication of this unit-type terminal is abnormal, and the abnormal information will be reported to the distribution master station.

[0058] When a line operation abnormality occurs, if the heartbeat reply and fault information sent by a unit-type terminal of the line are not received within a certain time, it is considered that the communication of this unit-type terminal is abnormal. If the switch is located in the fault area upstream of the fault, the regional terminal will open the switch at the upper level and lock it in the forward direction. If the switch is located upstream of the fault but not in the fault area, this switch will be ignored in the processing process; if the switch is located in the fault area downstream of the fault, the regional terminal will open the switch at the lower level and lock it in the reverse direction. If the switch is located downstream of the fault but not in the fault area, this switch will be ignored in the processing process; if it is a connecting switch, this connecting switch is not involved in this connecting transfer.

[0059] The method for handling abnormal communication of regional terminals is as follows: a regional terminal priority is set. When the line is operating normally, if the unit terminal cannot receive the heartbeat packet or fails to reply the heartbeat, it can send information to the terminal at the second priority level. After the terminal at the second priority level cannot receive the heartbeat packet or fails to reply the heartbeat or receives information from other unit terminals, it automatically switches its role to the regional terminal, treats the previous regional terminal as a unit terminal, starts to execute edge calculation, and reports the abnormal communication information to the power distribution master station;

[0060] When there is a fault in line operation, if the unit-type terminal cannot receive a heartbeat packet, reply to a heartbeat, or fail to send fault information, it can send information to the terminal at the second priority level. After the second priority terminal cannot receive a heartbeat packet, fails to reply to a heartbeat, fails to send fault information, or receives information from other unit-type terminals, it automatically switches its role to a regional terminal and starts executing edge calculations to isolate the fault and restore power supply to the non-faulty area according to the established strategy.

[0061] The solution to the switch refusal to trip is that if the switches on both sides of the fault area refuse to open, the fault is isolated by opening the switches at their upper level (upstream of the fault) or lower level (downstream of the fault). If the switches in the non-fault area upstream of the fault refuse to open, the logic of this solution will not be affected during the period of fault isolation and power supply restoration to the non-fault area. This solution can completely isolate the fault and restore power supply to the non-fault area.

[0062] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0063] (1) The unit-type terminal and the regional terminal can collaborate with each other through the 5G network communication module to automatically update the changing line topology structure; it can improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis, reduce the time for fault isolation and power restoration in non-fault areas, and reduce the workload of operation and maintenance personnel; it can be applied to lines with distributed power sources to optimize the management of distributed power sources; it can monitor the operating status of lines and smart substations in real time, remind operation and maintenance personnel of problems and risk points in line operation, and reduce the number of line faults; it can reduce the number of times the fault current impacts the power system, reduce the number of short-term power outages on the line, increase the equipment usage time and improve the user's power experience.

[0064] (2) It makes it possible to divide long lines into multiple stages: only the fault information of the feeder upstream of the fault and the non-fault information of the feeder downstream of the fault are needed. Therefore, as long as the switch upstream of the fault detects the fault and the switch downstream of the fault does not detect the fault, the fault position can be located. It is not necessary for all switches to have stage difference coordination.

[0065] (3) Faster fault isolation time: Faults are isolated through information exchange between terminals. The communication delay between terminals based on 5G communication technology can reach the millisecond level, which allows for fast fault location and isolation. Traditional local feeder automation requires level-by-level overlap to locate the fault area and isolate the fault. The more switches there are, the longer it takes.

[0066] (4) Shorter time to restore power supply to non-faulty areas: This solution restores power supply to non-faulty areas through communication between unit-type terminals and regional terminals. The communication delay of terminal equipment based on 5G communication technology can reach millisecond level, which can quickly isolate faults and restore power supply to non-faulty areas. The traditional local feeder automation mode requires one level of overlap to restore power supply to non-faulty areas. The more switches there are, the longer it takes.

[0067] (5) Reduced impact on substations: At most, the fault can be isolated by tripping once, and the power supply to the non-fault area will be restored by the next reclosing. At most, there will be only one large current impact on the system. When there is differential coordination, there will only be a large current impact on the system and substation when a fault occurs, and it will not cause the substation's outgoing line switch to trip. The non-fault area downstream of the fault will only experience a short power outage. When there is no differential coordination, there will only be one large current impact on the system and substation when a fault occurs. The substation switch only needs to be reclosed once, and the non-fault area will only experience a short power outage.

[0068] (6) Only the IP address of the terminal IoT card and the pole number of the terminal device are required, which greatly reduces the workload of on-site debugging and installation;

[0069] (7) False tripping and refusal of equipment can be corrected through communication between devices: Communication is used to confirm whether there is a fault. If there is a fault and the switch refuses to trip, the power outage is expanded to the first level. If it is a false trip, check whether the conditions for restoring power supply are met. If so, the power supply is restored by reclosing. This is a good fault-tolerant measure.

[0070] (8) Convenient disconnection detection: The terminal equipment can send the electrical characteristics before and after the disconnection point to the regional terminal. The regional terminal can quickly and accurately locate the fault based on the received information. Compared with the traditional method of judging the fault based on the electrical characteristics on one side of the disconnection point, it has higher accuracy and simpler algorithm.

[0071] (9) More accurate ground fault detection: The unit terminal can monitor the electrical characteristics before and after the grounding point and send them to the regional terminal. The regional terminal locates the fault area based on the electrical characteristics before and after the grounding point, with high speed and accuracy.

[0072] (10) Management of distributed power sources: The emergence of distributed power sources will cause relay protection to lose selectivity and is not suitable for traditional local feeder automation. This solution can be applied to lines with distributed power sources and can accurately locate the fault area. When restoring power to non-faulty areas, the distributed power source can be operated in an island mode when the planned island operation is met. When the island operation conditions are not met, the distributed power source can be directly disconnected.

[0073] (11) Monitoring of the line: The line is used as a unit. The terminal equipment on the line can independently analyze the operation status and various parameters of the line and the information required for monitoring and control, and directly send the results to the main distribution station, which can reduce the operating pressure of the main station and improve efficiency.

[0074] The tower position is represented as follows:

[0075] 1. If the terminal is on the main line: the tower location is the pole number from the main line terminal - 0-0.

[0076] 2. If the terminal is on a branch line: the tower location is: the pole number connected from the main line "T" - the pole number where the branch line terminal is located - 0.

[0077] 3. If the terminal is on the secondary branch line: the tower position is: the pole number connected from the main line "T" - the pole number connected from the branch line "T" - the pole number where the secondary branch line terminal is located; Figure 2 As shown: the pole tower position of switch No. 1 is expressed as: 5-0-0; the pole tower position of switch No. 2 is expressed as: 25-0-0; the pole tower position of switch No. 3 is expressed as: 55-0-0; the pole tower position of switch No. 4 is expressed as: 20-15-0; the pole tower position of switch No. 5 is expressed as: 20-40-15.

[0078] Example 1

[0079] Short circuit fault handling method:

[0080] The fault judgment principle is: when a short circuit occurs in the line, the current upstream of the short circuit fault point will increase, and the current downstream of the fault point will not change much, so the terminal device upstream of the fault point will detect the large fault current, and the terminal device downstream of the fault point will still detect the load current when the line is operating normally. If the protection is activated after the terminal device detects the large fault current, the switch is opened, and the terminal device downstream of the fault point can detect that the line is in a de-voltage state. When two terminal devices connected in the topology detect the large fault current and the line de-voltage respectively, the fault point is located between the two terminal devices.

[0081] Processing implementation example Figures 3 to 8 As shown in the figure: if the substation protection has no delay, the set value cannot be set, and the CB protection range is long, the protection has no differential coordination; (1) a permanent fault occurs between FS2 and FS3, and the substation's outgoing line switches CB and FS1 and FS2 detect the fault; (2) because there is no differential, the FS2, FS1, and CB switches detect the fault and trip, and send the fault detection information to the regional terminal FS1, then the switches FS3-FS5 detect the line pressure loss, and send the line pressure loss detection information to the regional terminal FS1. The contact switch LSW1 sends the information that it has detected a single-side voltage loss to the regional terminal FS1; (3) After receiving the information from the unit terminal, the regional terminal FS1 locates the fault between switches FS2 and FS3 based on the fault information it has detected, and then sends the information that it is located in the fault area to FS2 and FS3. After receiving the information, switches FS2 and FS3 first open the switch and then reversely block and close the switch; (4) After switches FS2 and FS3 are locked and closed, the fault is successfully isolated, and then the regional terminal FS1 is sent the information that the switches have been locked and closed and the fault has been isolated; (5) The regional terminal FS1 receives the information that the fault has been isolated from switches FS2 and FS3 on both sides of the fault; the regional terminal FS1 determines that it can close the switch to restore power supply to the non-fault area upstream of the fault, and closes the switch; the regional terminal FS1 sends the information that the fault has been cleared and that the power supply can be transferred to the contact switch LSW1, and the contact switch transfers the power; (6) The outgoing line switch CB of the substation is reclosed, and power supply to the non-fault area of ​​the line is restored.

[0082] Embodiment 2;

[0083] The method of handling ground faults and the principle of fault judgment technology are as follows: overhead lines can be divided into high-current grounding systems and low-current grounding systems according to the neutral point grounding method of the substation. High-current grounding systems refer to neutral point direct grounding systems and neutral point grounding systems through low resistance, and low-current grounding systems refer to neutral point ungrounded systems and neutral point grounding systems through arc suppression coils. The most widely used system in distribution lines is the low-current grounding system, but in recent years, with the increase and growth of urban cable lines, more and more cases of applying low-resistance grounding methods have been used.

[0084] In the distribution line, for the neutral point ungrounded system, when a single-phase grounding fault occurs in the line, the zero-sequence voltage on the line changes suddenly, the zero-sequence current direction upstream of the grounding point is from the line to the bus, and the zero-sequence current direction downstream of the grounding point is from the bus to the line. Therefore, in the neutral point ungrounded system, when the line is grounded, the terminal equipment detects that there is a sudden change in zero voltage in the line and the direction of the zero-sequence current is from the line to the bus, then this grounding is an internal grounding. If the terminal equipment detects that there is a sudden change in zero voltage in the line and the direction of the zero-sequence current is from the bus to the line, then this grounding fault is an out-of-bounds fault.

[0085] In the distribution line, for the neutral point arc suppression coil grounding system, when a single-phase grounding fault occurs in the line, the zero-sequence voltage on the line changes suddenly, the zero-sequence active power of the line upstream of the grounding point is negative, and the zero-sequence active power of the line downstream of the grounding point is positive. Therefore, in the neutral point arc suppression coil grounding system, when a grounding fault occurs in the line, the terminal equipment detects that there is a sudden change in zero voltage and a negative zero-sequence active power in the line, then this grounding fault is an internal grounding fault. If the terminal equipment detects that there is a sudden change in zero voltage and a positive zero-sequence active power in the line, then this grounding fault is an out-of-bounds fault.

[0086] In the distribution line, for the neutral point through small resistance grounding system, when the line fails, the zero sequence voltage on the line changes suddenly, the zero sequence active power of the line upstream of the grounding point is negative, and the zero sequence active power of the line downstream of the grounding point is positive. Therefore, in the neutral point through small resistance grounding system, when the line has a grounding fault, the terminal equipment detects that there is a sudden change in zero voltage and the zero sequence active power is negative, then this grounding fault is an internal grounding, if the terminal equipment detects that there is a sudden change in zero voltage and the zero sequence active power is positive, then this grounding fault is an out-of-bounds fault.

[0087] Processing implementation example Figures 9 to 13As shown in the figure: (1) A permanent ground fault occurs between FS2 and FS3, and the terminal equipment on the line detects a sudden change in zero voltage, and starts to calculate the integral of zero-sequence active power and monitor the direction of zero-sequence current; (2) After the terminal completes the integral calculation of zero-sequence active power, the unit terminal sends the calculated zero-sequence active power and the monitored zero-sequence current direction information to the regional terminal; (3) After receiving the information from the unit terminal, the regional terminal FS1 locates the fault between switch FS2 and switch FS3 based on the fault information it has detected, and then sends the information that it is located in the fault area to FS2 and FS3. After receiving the information, switches FS2 and FS3 first open the switch and then lock and close the switch; (4) After switches FS2 and FS3 are locked and closed, the fault is successfully isolated, and then the regional terminal FS1 is sent the information that the switch has been locked and closed and the fault has been isolated; (5) The regional terminal FS1 receives the information that the fault has been isolated from switches FS2 and FS3 on both sides of the fault. The regional terminal FS1 sends a message to the contact switch LSW1 that the fault has been cleared and the power supply can be transferred. The contact switch transfers the power supply and restores the power supply to the non-faulty area.

[0088] Embodiment 3:

[0089] The fault judgment technology principle of the disconnection fault handling method is as follows: With the increasing application of insulated wires, the proportion of grounding faults and short-circuit faults in distribution line faults is decreasing, while the proportion of disconnection faults is increasing. In the distribution line, single-phase disconnection can be divided into three types: the first is that the breakpoint is not grounded; the second is that the power supply side of the breakpoint is grounded; and the third is that the load side of the breakpoint is grounded. When the disconnection fault occurs, the three-phase voltage upstream of the breakpoint is still in a balanced state, and the three line voltages remain unchanged, but the current of the fault phase of the fault loop will decrease. The degree of current reduction of the fault phase of the fault loop is related to the location of the disconnection fault. The closer the location of the fault is to the substation, the greater the reduction, and the current angle of the non-fault phase will become larger. The three-phase voltage downstream of the breakpoint begins to be unbalanced, the fault phase voltage decreases, two of the three line voltages are reduced to 0.8 times the rated line voltage, and one remains above 90%. When the breakpoint is close to the load side grounding line fault, the three line voltages upstream of the breakpoint remain unchanged, and the current of the fault phase of the fault loop will decrease. The degree of current reduction of the fault phase of the fault loop is related to the location of the line fault. The closer the fault location is to the substation, the greater the reduction, and the current angle of the non-fault phase will become larger. The upstream of the breakpoint will also show high-resistance grounding characteristics. The three-phase voltage downstream of the breakpoint begins to be unbalanced, the fault phase voltage decreases, and two of the three line voltages are reduced to 0.8 times the rated line voltage, and one remains above 90%.

[0090] When the grounding fault occurs near the power supply side, the upstream of the breakpoint presents the characteristics of a single-phase grounding fault, and the current of the fault phase of the fault loop will decrease. The degree of current reduction of the fault phase of the fault loop is related to the location of the line fault. The closer the fault location is to the substation, the greater the reduction, and the current angle of the non-fault phase will become larger, and the three line voltages remain unchanged. The three-phase voltage downstream of the breakpoint begins to be unbalanced, the fault phase voltage decreases, and two of the three line voltages are reduced to 0.8 times the rated line voltage, and one remains above 90%. In the distribution line, two-phase line breaks can also be divided into three types: the first is that the breakpoint is not grounded; the second is that the power supply side of the breakpoint is grounded; the third is that the load side of the breakpoint is grounded.

[0091] When two phases of the line are broken but not grounded after the break, the three line voltages upstream of the break remain unchanged, the three phase currents decrease at the same time, and the three-phase current angle is still 120°. At this time, downstream of the break, the three-phase voltages decrease, the phases are the same, the three line voltages are 0, and there is a large zero-sequence voltage.

[0092] When the load side of a two-phase line is grounded, the front end of the break point presents the characteristics of a single-phase high-resistance grounding fault. The three-phase currents decrease at the same time. Downstream of the break point, the three-phase voltages decrease, the phases are the same, the three line voltages are 0, and there is a large zero-sequence voltage.

[0093] When the two-phase power supply side is grounded, the front end of the breakpoint presents a two-phase short circuit feature. Downstream of the breakpoint, the three-phase voltage decreases, the phases are the same, the three line voltages are 0, and there is a large zero-sequence voltage.

[0094] Its processing implementation is as follows Figures 14 to 18 As shown in the figure, (1) a phase A line break occurs between FS2 and FS3; (2) the upstream device of the line break point detects that the phase current of phase A decreases, and the angle between the phase currents of phases B and C increases; the downstream device of the line break point detects that the voltage of phase A decreases, and the line voltage between phases A and C and between phases A and B decreases to 0.5 times the rated line voltage, while the line voltage between phases B and C remains unchanged. The unit terminal sends the detected information to the regional terminal; (3) After receiving the information from the unit terminal, the regional terminal FS1 locates the fault between switch FS2 and switch FS3 based on the fault information it has detected, and then sends the information that it is located in the fault area to FS2 and FS3. After receiving the information, switches FS2 and FS3 first open the switch and then lock and close the switch; (4) After switches FS2 and FS3 lock and close the switch, the fault is successfully isolated, and then the regional terminal FS1 is sent the information that the switch has been locked and closed and the fault has been isolated; (5) The regional terminal FS1 receives the information that the fault has been isolated from switches FS2 and FS3 on both sides of the fault. The regional terminal FS1 sends a message to the contact switch LSW1 that the fault has been cleared and the power supply can be transferred. The contact switch transfers the power supply and restores the power supply to the non-faulty area.

[0095] Embodiment 4:

[0096] Distributed power management, its processing technology principle is that the traditional distribution network is a passive network that distributes electricity to users and has a unidirectional power flow. The access of distributed power sources makes the distribution network an active network with a bidirectional power flow, which also brings about problems such as voltage fluctuations, false operation or refusal of relay protection.

[0097] According to the superposition theorem, when a line connected to a distributed power source fails, the short-circuit current flowing to the fault point can be regarded as the superposition of the short-circuit currents of the distributed power source and the substation at the short-circuit point. If the fault point is in the middle of the substation and the distributed power source topological location, the direction of the fault current detected by the terminal equipment between the fault point and the two power supply points is opposite, that is, the directions of the fault currents on both sides of the fault point are opposite, and the fault current cannot be detected in the non-fault area. If the fault point is on the same side of the substation and the distributed power source topological location, the direction of the fault current detected by the terminal equipment from the fault point to the two power supply points is the same, and the fault current cannot be detected in the non-fault area.

[0098] Its processing implementation is as follows Figures 19 to 24 As shown, (1) a permanent fault occurs between FS1 and FS2, and the outgoing line switches CB, FS1, FS4 and FS5 of the substation detect the fault current; (2) Because there is no step difference, FS1, FS4 and FS5, CB switches detect the fault and trip, and send the detected fault information to the regional terminal FS1, then the switches of FS2 and FS3 detect the line pressure loss, and send the detected line pressure loss information to the regional terminal FS1. The contact switch LSW1 sends the information of the single-side pressure loss to the regional terminal FS1; (3) After the regional terminal FS1 receives the information from the unit terminal, it combines the fault information it has detected and locates the fault between switch FS1 and switch FS2 and switch FS4. FS1 is positively locked and sends the information that it is located in the fault area to FS2 and switch FS4. After switches FS2 and FS4 receive the information, FS4 is reversely locked and closed, and FS2 is opened first, and then reversely locked and closed; (4) After switches FS2 and FS4 are locked and closed, the fault is successfully isolated, and then the regional terminal FS 1 sends a message that the switch has been locked and closed, and the fault has been isolated; (5) The regional terminal FS1 receives the message that the fault has been isolated from the switches FS2 and FS4 on both sides of the fault; the regional terminal FS1 determines that FS5 can be closed to restore power supply to the non-fault area, and sends a message to FS5 that the fault has been isolated and power supply to the non-fault area can be restored. After receiving the message, FS5 closes the switch; the regional terminal FS1 sends a message that the fault has been isolated and power can be transferred to the contact switch LSW1, and the contact switch transfers power; (6) The outgoing line switch CB of the substation overlaps with FS5, and power supply to the non-fault area of ​​the line is restored.

[0099] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line, characterized in that: It includes a power distribution main station, terminal equipment, a 5G network communication module and a line tower, wherein the terminal equipment includes a regional terminal for edge computing and a unit terminal for real-time monitoring of line operation conditions, wherein the regional terminal is installed on the line tower, and the unit terminal is installed on the line tower, wherein the power distribution main station, the regional terminal and the unit terminal are all provided with a 5G network communication module, wherein a wireless connection is provided between the power distribution main station and the regional terminal through the 5G network communication module, and a wireless connection is provided between the regional terminal and the unit terminal through the 5G network communication module; The line topology self-identification method of the fault handling method is as follows: when the unit-type terminal is powered on, it registers the location information of the tower where the unit-type terminal is located with the regional terminal that performs edge computing. The regional terminal that performs edge computing synchronizes the registration information of all unit-type terminals with all unit-type terminals of the line at regular intervals, so that each terminal device of the line knows the location of all terminal devices; If the device is in operation for a long time, it will be registered once in a while; the regional terminal performing edge computing will synchronize the registration information of all terminals to the unit terminal once in a while; If there is a problem with the line operation status, the regional terminal will immediately take corresponding measures according to the corresponding problem, notify the unit terminal on the line to make corresponding responses, and report the final processing results to the distribution master station; The fault handling method includes a method for handling short circuit faults, a method for handling ground faults, a method for handling line break faults, a method for handling distributed power supply management faults, a method for handling distribution network line management faults, a method for handling abnormal communication faults, and a method for handling switch refusal faults; The methods for handling abnormal communication failures include abnormal communication of unit-type terminals and abnormal communication of regional terminals; The method for handling abnormal communication of the unit-type terminal is as follows: when there is no abnormal operation of the line, the regional terminal will periodically send a heartbeat packet to the unit-type terminal. If no reply is received from one of the unit-type terminals within a certain period of time, it is considered that the communication of this unit-type terminal is abnormal, and the abnormal information is reported to the power distribution master station; When a line operation abnormality occurs, if the heartbeat reply and fault information sent by a certain unit-type terminal of the line are not received within a certain time, it is considered that the communication of this unit-type terminal is abnormal. If the switch is located in the fault area upstream of the fault, the regional terminal makes the upper-level switch open and locks the switch in the forward direction. If the switch is located upstream of the fault but not in the fault area, the switch is ignored in the processing process; if the switch is located in the fault area downstream of the fault, the regional terminal makes the lower-level switch open and locks the switch in the reverse direction. If the switch is located downstream of the fault but not in the fault area, the switch is ignored in the processing process; If it is a tie switch, this tie transfer does not involve this tie switch.

2. A fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: After the terminal equipment is newly installed or removed on the line, the terminal equipment on the line will automatically update the topology data information, which includes the tower location, equipment number and IoT card IP information.

3. A fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for handling short circuit faults are as follows: When a fault occurs, the terminal equipment upstream of the fault detects the fault. If there is a differential coordination between the protections of the line switches, the switch upstream of the fault closest to the fault point will trip and the fault will be quickly cleared. If there is no differential coordination between the protections of the line switches, all the switches upstream of the fault will trip and the fault will be quickly cleared. After the fault is cleared, the terminal equipment downstream of the fault will detect that the line is in a de-voltage state. When the unit-type terminal device upstream of the fault detects a short-circuit current, it will upload the information of the detected fault to the regional terminal; when the terminal device downstream of the fault detects that the line is in a de-voltage state, it will upload the information of the detected de-voltage of the line to the regional terminal; After detecting and receiving information about line faults or line voltage loss, the regional terminal will wait for the other unit terminals to continue sending information, and will start to determine the fault area when the conditions for determining the fault area are met; After the regional terminal has located the fault, the unit-type terminal at both ends of the fault point receives the regional terminal fault location information, and processes the fault based on the received information, combined with the information detected by itself and the switch opening and closing position. If it is an overcurrent fault, first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, control the switch to open, forward lock the switch to close, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is in the open state, forward lock the switch to close, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If the line loses pressure, first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, control the switch to open, reverse lock to close, and confirm that the fault downstream of the fault point is successfully isolated; If it is in the open state, reverse blocking and closing are performed, and confirmation is made that the fault downstream of the fault point is isolated successfully; If the regional terminal locates itself at a certain end of the fault point, it will first determine whether it detects an overcurrent fault or a line pressure loss. If it is an overcurrent fault, it will first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, it will control the switch to open, positively lock and close, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If it is in the open state, it will positively lock and close, and confirm that the upstream fault isolation of the fault point is successful. If the line loses pressure, first determine whether the switch is in the closed state or the open state. If it is in the closed state, control the switch to open, reverse lock to close, and confirm that the fault downstream of the fault point is successfully isolated; If it is in the open state, reverse blocking and closing are performed, and confirmation is made that the fault downstream of the fault point is isolated successfully; After the regional terminal receives the reverse blocking information of the downstream terminal equipment of the fault point, it notifies the contact switch behind the reverse blocked terminal equipment and with the conditions for contact transfer that the fault has been isolated. After receiving the fault isolation information, the contact switch starts contact transfer.

4. A fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method for handling ground faults is as follows: when the terminal equipment on the line detects a sudden change in zero voltage, it starts to calculate the integral of zero-sequence active power for 5 cycles, and monitors the direction of zero-sequence current; when the integration of zero-sequence active power is completed, the unit-type terminal sends the calculated zero-sequence power and the monitored zero-sequence current direction to the regional terminal at the same time. After collecting the information of the unit-type terminal, the regional terminal starts to judge the fault area according to the difference in fault characteristic quantities detected by the terminal equipment before and after the fault point of the fault line. Then the regional terminal opens the terminal equipment on both sides of the fault, and locks and closes them, and sends the opening and closing information to the regional terminal. After the regional terminal confirms that the fault area is successfully isolated, if the downstream line of the grounding point has the conditions for interconnection and power transfer, the regional terminal notifies the interconnection switch to close for power transfer.

5. A fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The processing method of the line break fault includes a single-phase line break fault judgment method and a two-phase line break fault judgment method: the single-phase line break fault judgment method: after the single-phase line break fault occurs, the fault characteristics monitored by the upstream device of the line break point are: the phase current of the fault phase will decrease, and the angle of the phase current of the non-fault phase will increase; the fault characteristics monitored by the downstream device of the line break point are: the phase voltage of the fault phase decreases, two of the three line voltages are reduced to 0.8 times the rated line voltage, and one is greater than 90% of the rated line voltage; when two topologically connected devices respectively monitor the fault characteristics of the upstream and downstream of the single-phase line break point, the line break fault occurs between the two devices; Two-phase disconnection fault judgment method: After a two-phase disconnection fault occurs, the fault characteristics detected by the upstream device of the disconnection point are: the three-phase current decreases or the two-phase current increases; the fault characteristics detected by the downstream device of the disconnection point are: the three-phase voltage decreases, the phases are the same, and the line voltage decreases to zero; when two topologically connected devices respectively detect the fault characteristics of the upstream and downstream of the two-phase disconnection point, the disconnection fault occurs between the two devices; When the fault section is confirmed, the regional terminal sends the fault area judgment information to the terminal devices at both ends of the fault. After receiving the information, the terminal devices at both ends of the fault start to open the circuit breaker and lock the circuit breaker to remove the fault. Then the terminal devices at both ends of the fault send the information that the fault has been isolated to the regional terminal. The regional terminal determines whether the non-fault area downstream of the disconnection point needs to be contacted and transferred and whether it has the conditions for contacting and transferring. If it is necessary and the conditions for contacting and transferring are met, the regional terminal sends the contacting and transferring information to the corresponding contact switch. After receiving the information, the contact switch contacts and transfers.

6. A fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method for handling distributed power management failure is as follows: On a line with distributed power sources, when a short circuit fault occurs, the fault current flowing into the fault point is the superposition of the fault currents of the two power supply points, the substation and the distributed power source. When the fault occurs in the middle of the topological position of the substation and the distributed power source, the directions of the fault currents from the fault point to the two power supply points are opposite, and the terminal equipment of the non-fault circuit cannot detect the fault current. The fault area is located between the two terminal equipments connected in the topological structure and detecting the opposite fault currents; When the fault occurs on the same side of the substation and the distributed generation topology, the direction of the fault current detected by the terminal equipment on the fault circuit is consistent, and the fault area is located between the two terminals connected in the topology structure, where the fault current is detected and the fault current is not detected; When a line fails, the terminal equipment of the faulty circuit detects the fault, the switch protection opens, and the information of the detected short-circuit current size and direction is sent to the regional terminal. The terminal of the non-fault circuit sends the information of the detected line pressure loss to the regional terminal; the regional terminal makes a judgment and sends the information of the faulty area to the terminals on both sides of the fault. After receiving the information of the faulty area, the terminals on both sides of the fault judge the opening and closing information of their own switches. If they are in the closed position, they open and lock the closing. If they are in the open position, they directly lock the closing and send the locking and closing information to the regional terminal; the regional terminal confirms the fault isolation situation based on the received locking and closing information. When the terminals on both sides of the fault open and lock the closing, the fault isolation is completed; the regional terminal sends the information of the successful fault isolation to the terminals and the connecting switches that are not located on both sides of the fault area. The terminals that are not located on both sides of the fault area and the terminals with the conditions for connecting and transferring power start to restore the power supply to the non-fault area.

7. A fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fault handling method of the distribution network line management is as follows: the unit terminal will regularly send the monitored voltage and current information to the regional terminal, and the opening and closing information of the switch of the unit terminal will also be uploaded to the regional terminal. When the regional terminal receives abnormal voltage and current sent by a unit terminal, but other terminals do not find abnormalities, it means that the voltage or current sensor of this switch is operating faulty and needs to be repaired and replaced, and the person in charge of the line is notified; If the regional terminal often receives the information of the opening and closing of a unit terminal, it means that the unit terminal or the corresponding switch body has a fault and needs to be repaired or replaced, and the person in charge of the line should be notified; If the link between the regional terminal and a unit terminal is often disconnected and the information from the unit terminal cannot be received, it can be considered that the unit terminal has a fault, provided that signal factors are eliminated. It needs to be repaired and replaced, and the person in charge of the line should be notified.

8. A fault handling method based on a 5G communication module power distribution line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method for handling abnormal communication of regional terminals is as follows: a regional terminal priority is set. When the line is operating normally, if the unit terminal cannot receive the heartbeat packet or fails to reply the heartbeat, it can send information to the terminal at the second priority level. After the terminal at the second priority level cannot receive the heartbeat packet or fails to reply the heartbeat or receives information from other unit terminals, it automatically switches its role to the regional terminal, treats the previous regional terminal as a unit terminal, starts to execute edge calculation, and reports the abnormal communication information to the power distribution master station; When there is a fault in line operation, if the unit-type terminal cannot receive a heartbeat packet, reply to a heartbeat, or fail to send fault information, it can send information to the terminal at the second priority level. After the second priority terminal cannot receive a heartbeat packet, fails to reply to a heartbeat, fails to send fault information, or receives information from other unit-type terminals, it automatically switches its role to a regional terminal and starts executing edge calculations to isolate the fault and restore power supply to the non-faulty area according to the established strategy.

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