System and method for feeding and unloading materials from solid-state fermentation tanks in liquor production

Abstract

The present invention provides a system and method for feeding and discharging solid-state fermentation materials from a liquor production cylinder, which belongs to the field of liquor brewing technology and mainly solves the problem of low efficiency of manual operation. It includes a cylinder feeding device and a cylinder discharging device, and is characterized in that: the cylinder discharging device includes a target cylinder capture mechanism, a material picking mechanism, and a material transport mechanism, the target cylinder capture mechanism includes an X-direction walking mechanism running on a track on a beam, and a Y-direction walking mechanism running on a track on a bracket; the material picking mechanism includes a material picking barrel lifting cylinder fixed to the X-direction walking mechanism, a barrel rack, a barrel rack rotating mechanism, a material picking barrel fixed to the piston of the material picking barrel lifting cylinder, and a material picking barrel shovel head; the barrel rack is rotationally and slidingly connected to the X-direction walking mechanism, and the barrel rack can rotate around the cylinder of the material picking barrel lifting cylinder; the material picking barrel shovel head has a total of several pieces, which are divided into several groups and are hinged to the material picking barrel through a universal shaft, and each group is connected to the shovel head retracting mechanism through a pulling rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of liquor brewing, and in particular relates to a system and method for feeding and unloading solid-state fermentation materials from a liquor production vat. Background Art

[0002] The traditional fermentation process for light-fragrance liquor uses a solid-state separation fermentation method called a ground vat. These vats are buried underground, with their openings flush with the ground. The fermented material is manually loaded into the vat using a wheelbarrow. After fermentation is complete, it is manually scooped out of the vat with a shovel and placed in a wheelbarrow for transport to the next process.

[0003] During the unloading process, each shovel of material weighs at least 15 kg, and the lifting space of the shovel is more than 2 meters high. The labor intensity is quite high. Even in winter, workers still sweat. Many young people are not qualified for this work for a long time, and parents are reluctant to let their children do it.

[0004] Because fermentation vats are made of fired clay, which is hand-formed and fired, there are large variations in geometry, volume, diameter, and height between vats, making them susceptible to damage from impact or collision. Furthermore, due to the dense arrangement of fermentation vats, automated unloading is a pressing issue for the winemaking industry.

[0005] Patent No. 201920958016.1 Patent Name A Reclaimer Discloses a reclaimer, including a reclaimer body and a reclaimer hopper. The body includes a support base, a fixed arm and a movable arm hinged to the fixed arm. The movable arm is moved relative to the fixed arm through a hydraulic drive system to achieve up and down, left and right movements during the reclaiming process. When the hopper is working, "the blades are opened, and the bottom surface of the cylindrical barrel is completely open. At this time, the main movable arm is moved downward further, and the hopper is moved into the material cylinder. After entering the material cylinder, it contacts the material and fully penetrates into the material." Here, since the main movable arm rotates with a fixed point as the center of a circle, the boom and the hopper at the free end of the main movable arm will inevitably produce horizontal displacement when the main movable arm moves downward. Therefore, the hopper is not inserted vertically into the material cylinder. During the downward process of the hopper, if the horizontal displacement cannot be eliminated in time, the hopper cannot accurately enter the ground cylinder and may even cause the cylinder to break. In addition, the other end of the telescopic arm of the patent is hinged to the boom, and the other end of the boom is fixedly connected to the hopper. Obviously, the hopper and the boom are not rigidly connected, which is prone to swinging. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a system and method for feeding and unloading fermentation materials into and out of a vat in the production of liquor.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0008] The system for feeding and discharging solid-state fermentation materials into and out of a fermentation tank for producing liquor comprises a feeding device and a discharging device. The feeding device comprises a material transporting and transferring mechanism consisting of a belt conveyor or a chain plate conveyor and a material conveyor, wherein the belt conveyor or the chain plate conveyor is located on the ground plane; the material conveyor has rollers and can reach any fermentation tank within the operation area. The system is characterized in that the discharging device comprises a target tank capturing mechanism, a material taking mechanism, and a material transporting and transferring mechanism, and the target tank capturing mechanism comprises an X-direction walking mechanism and a Y-direction walking mechanism.

[0009] The X-direction traveling mechanism runs on the track on the crossbeam; the Y-direction traveling mechanism runs on the track on the Y-direction traveling mechanism bracket;

[0010] The material picking mechanism includes a material picking barrel lifting cylinder, a barrel rack, a barrel rack rotating mechanism, a material picking barrel and a shovel head. The cylinder barrel of the material picking barrel lifting cylinder is fixedly connected to the X-axis traveling mechanism, and the piston of the material picking barrel lifting cylinder is fixedly connected to the material picking barrel; the barrel rack is rotatably and slidingly connected to the X-axis traveling mechanism, and the barrel rack can rotate around the cylinder barrel of the material picking barrel lifting cylinder; the barrel rack includes a longitudinal guide column of the material picking barrel and a material picking barrel rotating guide frame, and the barrel rack rotating mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the X-axis traveling mechanism, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the barrel rack, and the guide hole on the material picking barrel is sleeved on the longitudinal guide column of the material picking barrel and can slide up and down;

[0011] The shovel head has a plurality of pieces, which are divided into several groups and are hinged to the material taking barrel through a universal shaft. Each group is connected to the shovel head retracting mechanism through a pulling rod. The shovel head retracting mechanism includes a drive motor and a pulling rod. The pulling rod has a certain free travel after being fully lowered into place. The free travel is controlled by a tension spring.

[0012] Alternatively, the system further includes an automatic positioning and capturing system, the automatic positioning and capturing system including an image recognition unit, an automatic control unit, and an execution unit. The image recognition unit is fixed to the drum rack and captures the position of the fermentation cylinder. The control unit calculates information sent back by the image recognition unit and issues an action instruction to the execution unit to activate the Y-direction traveling mechanism and the X-direction traveling mechanism. The execution unit drives the X-direction traveling mechanism and the Y-direction traveling mechanism through a transmission mechanism.

[0013] The drum rack rotating mechanism, the material drum lifting cylinder and the shovel head retracting and extending mechanism can all be manually controlled by wired or wireless means or automatically controlled by an automatic control unit;

[0014] The barrel wall of the material taking barrel is provided with a decompression exhaust hole; the decompression exhaust hole is an elongated hole parallel to the axis of the material taking barrel, the elongated hole is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, the upper and lower width ratio is 2:1, the hole length is 65%-75% of the height of the material taking barrel, the hole taper is about 1°-5°, and it is 30-60mm away from the lower end of the material taking barrel. There are a number of decompression exhaust holes, and the minimum width of the remaining barrel wall after the hole is opened is not less than the maximum width of the hole; the maximum outer diameter of the material taking barrel is 10-60mm smaller than the inner diameter of the ground cylinder.

[0015] The material-taking mechanism includes a material-taking barrel and a shovel head, and is characterized in that: the shovel head is hinged to the material-taking barrel, and a torsion spring is provided at the hinge; the torsion spring is passed through the shovel head rotating pin, one end of which is clamped on the wall of the material-taking barrel, and the other end is clamped on the shovel head; a buffer mechanism is provided at the lower end of the shovel head, and the buffer mechanism includes a buffer head, a spring, a cavity, a spring adjustment screw cover and a protective cover; the cavity is fixed in a hole at the lower position of the shovel head, and a buffer head is installed at the outer end of the cavity, and a spring is installed at the other end. The buffer head extends out of the cavity under the action of the spring, and the spring adjustment screw cover is threadedly connected to the cavity.

[0016] The buffer head is made of polyester plastic or other non-metallic soft materials. The distance between it and the floor cylinder wall is 5-10mm smaller than the distance between the front end of the shovel head and the floor cylinder wall.

[0017] A torsion spring is added at the hinge between the material barrel and the shovel head to ensure that the shovel head can always be in close contact with the inner wall of the ground cylinder, thereby reducing resistance and being suitable for ground cylinders of different inner diameters. A buffer mechanism is installed at the lower end of the shovel head to reduce the impact force when the shovel head contacts the ground cylinder wall.

[0018] The method for feeding and unloading solid-state fermentation materials into and out of a vat for producing liquor is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0019] In the first step, the material transport mechanism transports the raw materials before fermentation to the designated fermentation tank, and the raw materials are fermented;

[0020] In the second step, when the fermented material needs to be removed from the fermentation vat, the target vat capture mechanism or the automatic positioning capture system identifies the specific location of the fermentation vat. The control system then issues a command to the travel mechanism, or manually controls the X- and Y-axis travel mechanisms, to accurately position the material removal device. At this time, the shovel head is kept vertically downward with a certain amount of free travel. This free travel is controlled by a tension spring. That is, the shovel head contracts when subjected to external force and remains vertical after the external force is removed. It can contract to a certain extent to follow the shape of the fermentation vat inner wall, and the shovel head always keeps close to the vat wall when it moves downward.

[0021] In the third step, after the material taking device is in place, the piston of the material taking barrel lifting cylinder drives the material taking barrel to move vertically downward rigidly. The material taking barrel has a slow acceleration process from static to uniform motion. During the downward process, the barrel frame rotates back and forth slightly under the action of the barrel frame rotating mechanism. The material taking barrel rotates back and forth along with the longitudinal guide column of the material taking barrel and digs downward;

[0022] The fourth step is that while excavating downward, the shovel head at the bottom of the barrel enters the fermentation tank and expands and contracts with the shape of the inner wall of the fermentation tank until it reaches the bottom. After reaching the bottom, it further contracts under the action of the shovel head retraction mechanism, clamping the material at the bottom of the tank tightly, and then the cylinder starts to move upward until it exits the tank;

[0023] The fifth step is that after the material barrel comes out of the cylinder, it moves to the top of the material transporting and transferring mechanism, the shovel head at the bottom of the material barrel is loosened, and the material in the material barrel is released and falls into the material transporting and transferring mechanism to move the material to the designated position.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention adopts an X-direction walking mechanism, a Y-direction walking mechanism and a cylinder discharge device to realize mechanical automatic cylinder discharge, greatly reducing manual labor intensity and improving production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention with a positioning device;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Middle AA section view;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Middle BB section view;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material taking barrel with a pressure reducing vent hole according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the material taking barrel with a buffer mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a material taking barrel with a buffer mechanism according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer mechanism on the material taking barrel of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1—Y-axis travel mechanism; 1-2—crossbeam; 1-3—Y-axis travel mechanism bracket; 2—drum rack rotation mechanism; 2-1—hydraulic cylinder; 3—feeding drum lifting cylinder; 4—X-axis travel mechanism; 5—drum rack; 5-1—longitudinal guide column of feeding drum; 5-2—rotating guide frame of feeding drum; 6—solid-state fermentation material; 7—ground cylinder; 8—ground; 9—automatic positioning and capturing system; 10—shovel head retracting and extending mechanism; 10-1—drive motor; 10-2—pulling rod; 11—feeding drum; 12—shovel head; 13—material transporting and transferring mechanism; 14—pressure relief vent; 15—torsion spring; 16—buffer mechanism; 16-1—shield; 16-2—spring; 16-3—spring adjusting screw cap; 16-4—cavity; 16-5—buffer head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] like Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the inlet and outlet system for solid-state fermentation materials in a white wine production cylinder includes an inlet device and an outlet device. The inlet device includes a material transporting and transferring mechanism 13 composed of a belt conveyor or a chain plate conveyor and a material conveyor. The belt conveyor or the chain plate conveyor is located on the ground plane 8. The material conveyor has rollers and can reach the position of any cylinder 7 in the operation area. Its characteristics are: the outlet device includes a target cylinder capture mechanism, a material picking mechanism and a material transporting and transferring mechanism 13. The target cylinder capture mechanism includes an X-direction walking mechanism 4 and a Y-direction walking mechanism 1.

[0036] The X-direction running mechanism 4 runs on the track on the crossbeam 1-2; the Y-direction running mechanism 1 runs on the track 1-1 on the Y-direction running mechanism bracket 1-3;

[0037] The material taking mechanism includes a material taking barrel lifting cylinder 3, a barrel rack 5, a barrel rack rotating mechanism 2, a material taking barrel 11 and a shovel head 12. The cylinder of the material taking barrel lifting cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the X-direction walking mechanism 4, and the piston of the material taking barrel lifting cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the material taking barrel 11; the barrel rack 5 is connected to the X-direction walking mechanism 4 for rotation and sliding, and the barrel rack 5 can rotate around the cylinder of the material taking barrel lifting cylinder 3; the barrel rack 5 includes a material taking barrel longitudinal guide column 5-1 and a material taking barrel rotating guide frame 5-2, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the drum rack rotating mechanism 2 includes a hydraulic cylinder 2-1, the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder 2-1 is hinged to the X-direction walking mechanism 4, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 2-1 is hinged to the drum rack 5, and the guide hole on the material taking barrel 11 is sleeved on the longitudinal guide column 5-1 of the material taking barrel and can slide up and down;

[0038] The shovel head 12 has a plurality of pieces, which are divided into several groups and are hinged to the material taking barrel 11 through a universal shaft. Each group is connected to the shovel head retracting mechanism 10 through a pulling rod 10-2. The shovel head retracting mechanism 10 includes a drive motor 10-1 and a pulling rod 10-2. The pulling rod 10-2 has a certain free travel after being fully lowered into place. The free travel is controlled by a tension spring.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, it may also include an automatic positioning and capturing system 9, which includes an image recognition unit, an automatic control unit and an execution unit. The image recognition unit is fixed to the cylinder frame 5, and the image recognition unit captures the position of the cylinder 7. The control unit calculates the information returned by the image recognition unit and sends an action instruction to the execution unit to make the Y-direction walking mechanism 1 and the X-direction walking mechanism 4 move; the execution unit drives the X-direction walking mechanism 4 and the Y-direction walking mechanism 1 through the transmission mechanism;

[0040] The drum rack rotating mechanism 2, the material drum lifting cylinder 3 and the shovel head retracting and extending mechanism 10 can all be manually controlled by wired or wireless means or automatically controlled by an automatic control unit;

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, a decompression vent hole 14 is provided on the wall of the material taking barrel 11; the decompression vent hole 14 is an elongated hole parallel to the axis of the material taking barrel, the elongated hole is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, the upper and lower width ratio is 2:1, the hole length is 65%-75% of the height of the material taking barrel 11, the hole taper is about 1°-5° and is 30-60mm away from the lower end of the material taking barrel 11, the decompression vent hole 14 is in a certain number, and the minimum width of the remaining barrel wall after the hole is opened is not less than the maximum width of the hole; the maximum outer diameter of the material taking barrel 11 is 10-60mm smaller than the inner diameter of the ground cylinder.

[0042] like Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the material-taking mechanism includes a material-taking barrel 11 and a shovel head 12, and its characteristics are: the shovel head 12 is hinged to the material-taking barrel 11, and a torsion spring 15 is provided at the hinge; the torsion spring 15 is installed on the shovel head rotating pin, one end of which is clamped on the material-taking barrel wall, and the other end is clamped on the shovel head 12; a buffer mechanism 16 is provided at the lower end of the shovel head 12, and the buffer mechanism 16 includes a buffer head 16-5, a spring 16-2, a cavity 16-4, a spring adjustment screw cover 16-3 and a shield 16-1; the cavity 16-4 is fixedly connected to the hole at the lower position of the shovel head 12, and the outer end of the cavity 16-4 is equipped with a buffer head 16-5, and the other end is equipped with a spring 16-2. The buffer head 16-5 extends out of the cavity 16-4 under the action of the spring 16-2, and the spring adjustment screw cover 16-3 is threadedly connected to the cavity 16-4.

[0043] The material of the buffer head 16-5 is polyester plastic or other non-metallic soft material, and the distance between it and the ground cylinder wall is 5-10mm smaller than the distance between the front end of the shovel head 12 and the ground cylinder wall;

[0044] A torsion spring 15 is added at the hinge between the material taking barrel 11 and the shovel head 12 to ensure that the shovel head 12 can always be in close contact with the inner wall of the ground cylinder 7, thereby reducing the resistance and being applicable to ground cylinders of different inner diameters; a buffer mechanism 16 is installed at the lower end of the shovel head 12 to reduce the impact force when the shovel head 12 contacts the ground cylinder wall.

[0045] Under the action of the torsion spring 15, the shovel head 12 always expands toward the wall of the ground cylinder; the buffer head 16-5 in the buffer mechanism 16 on the shovel head 12 is made of soft material. Since the distance between it and the ground cylinder wall is 5-10mm smaller than the distance between the front end of the shovel head 12 and the ground cylinder wall, the buffer head 16-5 contacts the ground cylinder wall first, and the shovel head 12 contacts the ground cylinder wall later. The buffer head 16-5 has a certain elastic force under the action of the spring 16-2, which can alleviate the instantaneous touch force when the shovel head 12 contacts the ground cylinder 7, and reduce the risk of damage to the ground cylinder. By adjusting the spring adjusting screw cap 16-3, the contact force between the buffer head 16-5 and the ground cylinder wall can be effectively adjusted, so that the contact force between the shovel head 12 and the ground cylinder 7 is more gentle. The spherical shield 16-1 can reduce the resistance of the material, which is beneficial for the downward excavation of the material barrel to achieve the purpose of material taking.

[0046] The method for feeding and unloading solid-state fermentation materials into and out of a vat for producing liquor is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0047] In the first step, the material transport mechanism 13 transports the raw materials before fermentation to the designated fermentation tank, and the raw materials are fermented;

[0048] In the second step, when the fermented material needs to be discharged from the vat, the target vat capture mechanism or the automatic positioning capture system 9 identifies the specific position of the ground vat 7. The control system sends a command to the walking mechanism, or manually controls the X-axis walking mechanism 4 and the Y-axis walking mechanism 1, so that the material-retrieving device is accurately positioned. At this time, the shovel head 12 is kept vertically downward and has a certain free travel. This free travel is controlled by a tension spring, that is, the shovel head contracts when subjected to external force and remains in a vertical state after the external force is removed. It can contract to a certain extent according to the shape of the inner wall of the ground vat, and the shovel head is always kept close to the vat wall when it descends.

[0049] In the third step, after the material taking mechanism is in place, the piston of the material taking barrel lifting cylinder 3 drives the material taking barrel 11 to move downward rigidly and vertically. The material taking barrel has a slow acceleration process from static to uniform motion. During the downward process, the barrel frame 5 is rotated back and forth slightly under the action of the barrel frame rotating mechanism 2. The material taking barrel rotates back and forth along with the longitudinal guide column 5-1 of the material taking barrel and digs downward;

[0050] In the fourth step, while excavating downward, the shovel head 12 at the bottom of the material taking barrel enters the ground cylinder and expands and contracts with the shape of the inner wall of the ground cylinder until it reaches the bottom. After reaching the bottom, it further contracts under the action of the shovel head retracting mechanism 10, clamping the material at the bottom of the cylinder tightly, and then the cylinder starts to move upward until it exits the cylinder;

[0051] In the fifth step, after the material barrel is taken out of the cylinder, it moves to the top of the material transporting and moving mechanism 13, the shovel head 12 at the bottom of the material barrel is loosened, and the material in the material barrel is released and falls into the material transporting and moving mechanism 13 to move the material to the designated position.

Claims

1. A system for feeding and discharging materials from a ground cylinder for solid-state fermentation in a liquor production process, comprising a feeding device and a discharging device, wherein the feeding device comprises a material transporting and transferring mechanism (13) composed of a belt conveyor or a chain conveyor and a material conveyor, wherein the belt conveyor or the chain conveyor is located on a ground plane (8); the material conveyor has rollers and can reach any position of a ground cylinder (7) within an operating area, and wherein the system is characterized by: The cylinder exit device includes a target cylinder capture mechanism, a material taking mechanism and a material transporting and transferring mechanism (13), and the target cylinder capture mechanism includes an X-direction walking mechanism (4) and a Y-direction walking mechanism (1); The X-direction running mechanism (4) runs on a track on a crossbeam (1-2); the Y-direction running mechanism (1) runs on a track (1-1) on a Y-direction running mechanism bracket (1-3); The material taking mechanism comprises a material taking barrel lifting cylinder (3), a barrel rack (5), a barrel rack rotating mechanism (2), a material taking barrel (11) and a shovel head (12); the cylinder barrel of the material taking barrel lifting cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the X-direction walking mechanism (4), and the piston of the material taking barrel lifting cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the material taking barrel (11); the barrel rack (5) is connected to the X-direction walking mechanism (4) in a rotationally sliding manner, and the barrel rack (5) can rotate around the cylinder barrel of the material taking barrel lifting cylinder (3); the barrel rack (5) comprises a material taking barrel longitudinal guide column (5-1) and a material taking barrel rotating guide frame (5-2); the barrel rack rotating mechanism (2) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (2-1); the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder (2-1) is hinged to the X-direction walking mechanism (4), the piston of the hydraulic cylinder (2-1) is hinged to the barrel rack (5), and the guide hole on the material taking barrel (11) is sleeved on the material taking barrel longitudinal guide column (5-1) and can slide up and down; The shovel head (12) has a total of several pieces, which are divided into several groups and are hinged to the material taking barrel (11) through a universal joint. Each group is connected to the drive motor (10-1) through a pulling rod (10-2). The shovel head retracting mechanism (10) includes a drive motor (10-1) and a pulling rod (10-2); the pulling rod (10-2) has a certain free stroke after being fully lowered into place; the free stroke is controlled by a torsion spring; the white wine production ground cylinder solid fermentation material inlet and outlet system also includes an automatic positioning capture system (9), the automatic positioning capture system (9) includes an image recognition unit, an automatic control unit and an execution unit, the image recognition unit is fixed on the barrel frame (5), the image recognition unit captures the position of the ground cylinder (7), and the control unit sends an action instruction to the execution unit after calculation based on the information returned by the image recognition unit to make the Y-direction walking mechanism (1) and the X-direction walking mechanism (4) move; the execution unit drives the X-direction walking mechanism (4) and the Y-direction walking mechanism (1) through a transmission mechanism; The shovel head (12) is hinged to the material taking barrel (11), and a torsion spring (15) is provided at the hinge; the torsion spring (15) is installed on the shovel head rotating pin, one end of which is clamped on the wall of the material taking barrel, and the other end is clamped on the shovel head (12); a buffer mechanism (16) is provided at the lower end of the shovel head (12), and the buffer mechanism (16) includes a buffer head (16-5), a spring (16-2), a cavity (16-4), a spring adjustment screw cover (16-5), a spring adjustment screw cover (16-2), a spring adjustment screw cover ... 6-3) and a shield (16-1); the cavity (16-4) is fixedly connected to a hole at a lower position of the shovel head (12); a buffer head (16-5) is installed at the outer end of the cavity (16-4), and a spring (16-2) is installed at the other end; the buffer head (16-5) extends out of the cavity (16-4) under the action of the spring (16-2); the spring adjustment screw cover (16-3) is threadedly connected to the cavity (16-4).

2. The system for feeding and unloading materials from solid-state fermentation tanks for liquor production according to claim 1 is characterized by: The drum rack rotating mechanism (2), the material drum lifting cylinder (3) and the shovel head retracting and extending mechanism (10) can all be manually controlled in a wired or wireless manner or automatically controlled by an automatic control unit.

3. The system for feeding and unloading materials from solid-state fermentation tanks for liquor production according to claim 1 is characterized by: The wall of the material taking barrel (11) is provided with a decompression vent hole (14); the decompression vent hole (14) is an elongated hole parallel to the axis of the material taking barrel, the elongated hole is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, the upper and lower width ratio is 2:1, the hole length is 65%-75% of the height of the material taking barrel (11), the hole taper is 1°-5°, and the distance from the lower end of the material taking barrel (11) is 30-60mm. The number of the decompression vent holes (14) is several, and the minimum width of the remaining barrel wall after the hole is opened is not less than the maximum width of the hole; the maximum outer diameter of the material taking barrel (11) is 10-60mm less than the inner diameter of the ground cylinder.

4. The system for feeding and unloading materials from solid-state fermentation tanks for liquor production according to claim 1 is characterized by: The material of the buffer head (16-5) is polyester plastic or other non-metallic soft materials, and the distance between the buffer head (16-5) and the ground cylinder wall is 5-10mm smaller than the distance between the front end of the shovel head (12) and the ground cylinder wall.

5. A method for feeding and unloading materials from a solid-state fermentation tank in a liquor production tank, comprising the system for feeding and unloading materials from a solid-state fermentation tank in a liquor production tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: In the first step, the material transport mechanism (13) transports the raw materials before fermentation to a designated fermentation tank, and the raw materials are fermented; In the second step, when the fermented material needs to be taken out of the cylinder, the target cylinder capture mechanism or the automatic positioning capture system (9) identifies the position of the specific ground cylinder (7), and the control system sends a command to the walking mechanism, or manually controls the X-direction walking mechanism (4) and the Y-direction walking mechanism (1), so that the material-taking device is accurately in place; at this time, the shovel head (12) is kept vertically downward and has a certain free stroke; the free stroke is controlled by the tension spring, that is, the shovel head contracts when subjected to external force, and maintains a vertical state after the external force is eliminated, that is, it can contract to a certain extent with the shape of the inner wall of the ground cylinder, and keep the shovel head always close to the cylinder wall and downward; In the third step, after the material taking mechanism is in place, the piston of the material taking barrel lifting cylinder (3) drives the material taking barrel (11) to move vertically downward rigidly. The material taking barrel has a slow acceleration process from static to uniform motion. During the downward process, the barrel rack (5) is rotated back and forth slightly under the action of the barrel rack rotating mechanism (2). The material taking barrel rotates back and forth along with the longitudinal guide column (5-1) of the material taking barrel and digs downward. In the fourth step, while the downward excavation is in progress, the shovel head (12) at the bottom of the material taking barrel enters the ground cylinder and expands and contracts with the shape of the inner wall of the ground cylinder until it reaches the bottom. After reaching the bottom, it further contracts under the action of the shovel head retracting mechanism (10), clamps the material at the bottom of the cylinder tightly, and then the oil cylinder starts to move upward until it exits the cylinder; In the fifth step, after the material barrel is taken out of the cylinder, it moves to the top of the material transporting and transferring mechanism (13), the shovel head (12) at the bottom of the material barrel is loosened, and the material in the material barrel is released and falls into the material transporting and transferring mechanism (13) to move the material to the designated position.

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