A hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism and hopper car

Abstract

The present invention provides a hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism and a hopper car, wherein the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism comprises a transmission shaft and a connecting rod mechanism, wherein the connecting rod mechanism comprises a first straight pull rod, a first length adjustment structure, a first bent pull rod, a double lever, a second bent pull rod, a second length adjustment structure and a second straight pull rod which are detachably connected in sequence, and the double lever is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft, the first bent pull rod, the double lever and the second bent pull rod are rotatably connected in sequence, and one end of the first straight pull rod away from the first length adjustment structure and one end of the second straight pull rod away from the second length adjustment structure are respectively connected to two bottom doors of the hopper car which are arranged opposite to each other. In the present invention, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism is provided with the first length adjustment structure and the second length adjustment structure, so that the size of the door gap of the two bottom doors of the hopper car which are arranged opposite to each other when opening and closing is suitable for adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hopper cars, and in particular to a hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism and a hopper car. Background Art

[0002] Hopper cars are used to transport bulk goods such as coal and ore. They can automatically unload by opening the bottom door, avoiding the disadvantages of manual unloading, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming.

[0003] The bottom door opening and closing mechanism used for opening and closing the bottom door of the hopper car generally drives the bottom door to open and close through a connecting rod mechanism. However, in the prior art, the size specifications of the various components of the connecting rod mechanism are relatively fixed and cannot be adjusted according to actual needs. As a result, when the relevant components of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism cannot be completely closed due to long-term wear and other reasons (that is, there is a certain door gap when the bottom door is closed), the relevant components need to be replaced to adjust the bottom door gap, which increases the later maintenance cost and difficulty of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0004] The problem solved by the invention is: how to provide a bottom door opening and closing mechanism for a hopper car suitable for adjusting the bottom door gap.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a bottom door opening and closing mechanism of a hopper car, including a transmission shaft and a connecting rod mechanism, the connecting rod mechanism includes a first straight pull rod, a first length adjustment structure, a first bent pull rod, a double lever, a second bent pull rod, a second length adjustment structure and a second straight pull rod which are detachably connected in sequence, and the double lever is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft, the first bent pull rod, the double lever and the second bent pull rod are rotatably connected in sequence, and one end of the first straight pull rod away from the first length adjustment structure and one end of the second straight pull rod away from the second length adjustment structure are respectively connected to two bottom doors of the hopper car which are oppositely arranged.

[0006] Optionally, the double lever includes a sleeve, a first connecting part and a second connecting part, the sleeve is suitable for being sleeved on the transmission shaft and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft, the end of the first connecting part away from the sleeve is rotationally connected to the first bent pull rod, and the end of the second connecting part away from the sleeve is rotationally connected to the second bent pull rod.

[0007] Optionally, the connecting rod mechanism also includes an eccentric adjustment structure, which is arranged on at least one of the first bent rod and the sleeve, and the connecting rod mechanism is located between the first bent rod and the sleeve when the connecting rod mechanism is self-locking; and / or, the eccentric adjustment structure is arranged on at least one of the second bent rod and the sleeve, and the connecting rod mechanism is located between the second bent rod and the sleeve when the connecting rod mechanism is self-locking.

[0008] Optionally, the first length adjustment structure includes a first pad, a first connecting plate arranged at one end of the first bent pull rod toward the first straight pull rod, and a second connecting plate arranged at one end of the first straight pull rod toward the first bent pull rod, and the first connecting plate, the first pad and the second connecting plate are connected in sequence by fasteners; the second length adjustment structure includes a second pad, a third connecting plate arranged at one end of the second bent pull rod toward the second straight pull rod, and a fourth connecting plate arranged at one end of the second straight pull rod toward the second bent pull rod, and the third connecting plate, the second pad and the fourth connecting plate are connected in sequence by fasteners.

[0009] Optionally, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism also includes a bearing seat and a driving mechanism suitable for being arranged on the chassis of the hopper car, the transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the bearing seat, and the driving mechanism is suitable for driving the transmission shaft to rotate.

[0010] Optionally, the driving mechanism includes an automatic door opening structure, which includes a driving structure arranged on a base frame and a transmission structure connecting the driving structure and the transmission shaft, and the driving structure is suitable for driving the transmission shaft to rotate through the transmission structure.

[0011] Optionally, the drive mechanism also includes a manual door opening structure, which includes a tooth clutch, a clutch fork, a reducer and a reducer handwheel, the tooth clutch includes a first half-clutch and a second half-clutch, the first half-clutch is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft and moving axially along the transmission shaft, the second half-clutch is arranged on the output shaft of the reducer and is arranged opposite to the first half-clutch; the clutch fork is suitable for driving the first half-clutch to move axially along the transmission shaft to engage and disengage with the second half-clutch, and the reducer handwheel is suitable for driving the second half-clutch to rotate through the output shaft.

[0012] Optionally, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism also includes a limit rod, a limit stop, a limit seat and a limit handle, the limit seat is arranged on the base frame of the hopper car, the limit handle is arranged on the limit seat and is rotatably connected to the limit seat; the limit rod is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft, the limit stop is arranged on the base frame, and the limit handle and the limit stop are both suitable for limiting the rotation range of the limit rod.

[0013] Optionally, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism also includes a coupling, the transmission shaft includes a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft arranged coaxially, and the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are connected by the coupling; the connecting rod mechanism is provided with at least two, and all the connecting rod mechanisms are arranged on the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft at intervals along the length direction of the transmission shaft.

[0014] In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention also provides a hopper car, comprising the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism and the bottom door as described above; the bottom door comprises a bottom door body and a bottom door cross beam arranged on the bottom door body, and the end of the bottom door cross beam away from the bottom door body extends toward the underframe of the hopper car, and the connecting rod mechanism of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism is connected to the bottom door cross beams of the two bottom doors arranged opposite to each other of the hopper car through a first straight pull rod and a second straight pull rod respectively.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car is provided with a first length adjustment structure and a second length adjustment structure. On the one hand, the door gap size of the two bottom doors of the hopper car when opening and closing is suitable for adjustment through the first length adjustment structure and the second length adjustment structure, so as to adjust the door gap when the bottom door is opened and closed according to actual needs, ensure that the opening degree of the bottom door is appropriate when opening to facilitate unloading, and ensure that the bottom door is tightly closed when closing to avoid cargo leakage, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car and extending the service life of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car; on the other hand, the first length adjustment structure and the second length adjustment structure are easy to adjust, reducing the production and manufacturing accuracy requirements and installation accuracy requirements of the components of the connecting rod mechanism, and reducing the production and manufacturing cost and installation difficulty of the connecting rod mechanism. Moreover, the first straight pull rod, the first length adjustment structure, the first bent pull rod, the double lever, the second bent pull rod, the second length adjustment structure and the second straight pull rod are detachably connected in sequence, which improves the convenience of disassembly and assembly between the various components of the connecting rod mechanism and between the connecting rod mechanism and the transmission shaft and the bottom door, and improves the convenience of later maintenance of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a hopper car in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Section view along AA;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the hopper car when the connecting rod mechanism drives the bottom door to close in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the hopper car when the connecting rod mechanism drives the bottom door to open in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the hopper car when the limit handle is in the door opening position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the hopper car when the limit handle is in the door closing position in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism of the bottom door of the hopper car in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Sectional view along BB;

[0024] Fig. 9 for Figure 7 Sectional view along CC;

[0025] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic door opening structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the manual door opening structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Description of reference numerals:

[0028] 1-transmission shaft, 11-first transmission shaft, 12-second transmission shaft; 2-connecting rod mechanism, 21-first straight pull rod, 22-first length adjustment structure, 221-first pad, 222-first connecting plate, 223-second connecting plate, 224-first rib plate, 225-second rib plate, 23-first bent pull rod, 24-double lever, 241-sleeve, 242-first connecting part, 243-second connecting part, 25-second bent pull rod, 26-second length adjustment structure, 261-second pad, 262-third connecting plate, 263-fourth connecting plate, 264-third rib plate, 265-fourth rib plate, 27-second straight pull rod, 28-eccentric adjustment structure, 281-eccentric adjustment pad; 3-bearing seat; 4-driving mechanism, 4 1-automatic door opening structure, 411-cylinder, 412a-rack, 412b-gear, 413a-base, 413b-base adjustment pad, 413c-protective cover, 413d-rack pressure wheel; 42-manual door opening structure, 421-tooth clutch, 421a-first half clutch, 421b-second half clutch, 422-clutch fork, 423-reducer, 424-reducer handwheel; 51-limit rod, 52-limit stop, 53-limit seat, 54-limit handle, 55-limit seat adjustment pad; 6-coupling; 71-first shaft sleeve, 72-second shaft sleeve; 8-hopper car, 81-bottom door, 811-bottom door body, 812-bottom door crossbeam, 82-base frame, 821-middle beam, 83-funnel ridge plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] It should be noted that, in the XYZ coordinate axis provided herein, the positive direction of the X axis represents the front, the reverse direction of the X axis represents the rear, the positive direction of the Y axis represents the right, the reverse direction of the Y axis represents the left, the positive direction of the Z axis represents the top, and the reverse direction of the Z axis represents the bottom. At the same time, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0031] Combination Figure 1-Figure 4 , Figure 7-Figure 9As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a bottom door opening and closing mechanism of a hopper car, including a transmission shaft 1 and a connecting rod mechanism 2, the connecting rod mechanism 2 includes a first straight pull rod 21, a first length adjustment structure 22, a first bent pull rod 23, a double lever 24, a second bent pull rod 25, a second length adjustment structure 26 and a second straight pull rod 27 which are detachably connected in sequence, and the double lever 24 is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft 1 and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft 1, the first bent pull rod 23, the double lever 24 and the second bent pull rod 25 are rotatably connected in sequence, and one end of the first straight pull rod 21 away from the first length adjustment structure 22 and one end of the second straight pull rod 27 away from the second length adjustment structure 26 are respectively connected to two bottom doors 81 of the hopper car 8 which are oppositely arranged.

[0032] In this embodiment, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism is suitable for the hopper car 8, and the hopper car 8 drives the bottom door 81 to open or close through the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism. Specifically, the bottom door 81 of the hopper car 8 is arranged at the lower end of the side wall of the hopper car 8, and the upper end of the bottom door 81 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the side wall, and the lower ends of the two bottom doors 81 oppositely arranged on the left and right sides of the hopper car 8 are rotatably connected to the first straight pull rod 21 and the second straight pull rod 27 respectively, and the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism drives the transmission shaft 1 to rotate through the driving mechanism 4 (described later), thereby driving the connecting rod mechanism 2 arranged on the transmission shaft 1 to perform corresponding movement to drive the two oppositely arranged bottom doors 81 of the hopper car 8 (also the two bottom doors 81 connected to the connecting rod mechanism 2) to open or close synchronously. When the bottom door 81 is closed, the connecting rod mechanism 2 is in a self-locking position, that is, the connection line between the first straight pull rod 21 and the bottom door 81 and the connection line between the first curved pull rod 23 and the double lever 24 is offset from the center of the transmission shaft 1 (that is, there is a certain distance between the connection line and the axis of the transmission shaft 1, and the distance is recorded as the eccentricity value e1), and the connection line between the second straight pull rod 27 and the bottom door 81 and the connection line between the second curved pull rod 25 and the double lever 24 is offset from the center of the transmission shaft 1 (that is, there is a certain distance between the connection line and the axis of the transmission shaft 1, and the distance is recorded as the eccentricity value e2), so as to ensure that the bottom door 81 of the hopper car 8 is closed after the cargo is loaded. The first curved tie rod 23 and the second curved tie rod 25 are both C-shaped structures, or both have C-shaped parts. When the connecting rod mechanism 2 is in the self-locking position, the C-shaped structures of the first curved tie rod 23 and the second curved tie rod 25 are used to accommodate the transmission shaft 1. On the one hand, it is convenient for the connecting rod mechanism 2 to reach the self-locking position. On the other hand, it reduces the space occupied by the connecting rod mechanism 2 in the hopper car 8, avoids the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism set between the bottom frame 82 and the hopper ridge plate 83 of the hopper car from interfering with the bottom frame 82 or the hopper ridge plate 83 when moving, and ensures that the hopper car 8 has a large enough storage space. The first straight tie rod 21 is connected to the first curved tie rod 23 by a first length adjustment structure 22, and the length of the first length adjustment structure 22 along the axis direction of the first straight tie rod 21 is suitable for adjustment; the second straight tie rod 27 is connected to the second curved tie rod 25 by a second length adjustment structure 26, and the length of the second length adjustment structure 26 along the axis direction of the second straight tie rod 27 is suitable for adjustment. In this way, the distance from the lower end of the bottom door 81 to the base frame 82 of the hopper car 8 is suitable for adjustment, that is, the size of the door gap between the two bottom doors 81 relatively arranged on the hopper car 8 when opening and closing is suitable for adjustment through the first length adjustment structure 22 and the second length adjustment structure 26, so as to adjust the size of the door gap when the bottom door 81 is opened and closed according to actual needs, ensure that the opening degree of the bottom door 81 is appropriate when opening to facilitate unloading, and ensure that the bottom door 81 is closed when closing to avoid leakage of goods.Moreover, the first straight pull rod 21, the first length adjustment structure 22, the first bent pull rod 23, the double lever 24, the second bent pull rod 25, the second length adjustment structure 26 and the second straight pull rod 27 are detachably connected in sequence, which improves the convenience of disassembly and assembly between the various components of the connecting rod mechanism 2 and between the connecting rod mechanism 2 and the transmission shaft 1 and the bottom door 81, and improves the convenience of later maintenance of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car.

[0033] In the prior art, when the bottom door 81 cannot be completely closed due to long-term wear and other reasons of the related parts of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car, the bottom door 81 is generally adjusted by replacing the related parts. The bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car in this embodiment is provided with a first length adjustment structure 22 and a second length adjustment structure 26. On the one hand, the size of the door gap when the two bottom doors 81 of the hopper car 8 are relatively set is suitable for adjustment by the first length adjustment structure 22 and the second length adjustment structure 26, so as to adjust the size of the door gap when the bottom door 81 is opened and closed according to actual needs, ensure that the opening of the bottom door 81 is appropriate for unloading when the door is opened, and ensure that the bottom door 81 is closed to avoid leakage of goods, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car and extending the service life of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car; on the other hand, the first length adjustment structure 22 and the second length adjustment structure 26 are easy to adjust, which reduces the production and manufacturing accuracy requirements and installation accuracy requirements of the components of the connecting rod mechanism 2, and reduces the production and manufacturing cost and installation difficulty of the connecting rod mechanism 2. Moreover, the first straight pull rod 21, the first length adjustment structure 22, the first bent pull rod 23, the double lever 24, the second bent pull rod 25, the second length adjustment structure 26 and the second straight pull rod 27 are detachably connected in sequence, which improves the convenience of disassembly and assembly between the various components of the connecting rod mechanism 2 and between the connecting rod mechanism 2 and the transmission shaft 1 and the bottom door 81, and improves the convenience of later maintenance of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car.

[0034] Optionally, combined Figure 7-Figure 9 As shown, the double lever 24 includes a sleeve 241, a first connecting portion 242 and a second connecting portion 243. The sleeve 241 is suitable for being sleeved on the transmission shaft 1 and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft 1. The end of the first connecting portion 242 away from the sleeve 241 is rotationally connected to the first bent pull rod 23, and the end of the second connecting portion 243 away from the sleeve 241 is rotationally connected to the second bent pull rod 25.

[0035] In this embodiment, the sleeve 241 of the double lever 24 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 1 and rotates synchronously with the transmission shaft 1. Specifically, the sleeve 241 and the transmission shaft 1 are connected by a key structure to achieve synchronous rotation. Among them, the sleeve 241 and the transmission shaft 1 are both provided with a key slot at the connection, and the sleeve 241 and the transmission shaft 1 are connected by providing a key structure (such as a flat key) in the key slot to prevent the sleeve 241 and the transmission shaft 1 from sliding relative to each other in the axial and circumferential directions of the transmission shaft 1, so as to achieve synchronous rotation of the sleeve 241 and the transmission shaft 1, thereby achieving synchronous rotation of the double lever 24 and the transmission shaft 1.

[0036] The first connecting portion 242 and the second connecting portion 243 are both disposed on the outer side wall of the sleeve 241, and the ends of the first connecting portion 242 and the second connecting portion 243 away from the sleeve 241 both extend in a direction away from the transmission shaft 1. The first curved pull rod 23 is rotatably connected to the end of the first connecting portion 242 away from the sleeve 241, and the second curved pull rod 25 is rotatably connected to the end of the second connecting portion 243 away from the sleeve 241, so that the first curved pull rod 23 and the double lever 24 can rotate relative to each other, and the second curved pull rod 25 and the double lever 24 can rotate relative to each other.

[0037] Optionally, combined Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, there are two first connection parts 242, and the two first connection parts 242 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the sleeve 241; the ends of the two first connection parts 242 away from the sleeve 241 are suitable for clamping the ends of the first bent tie rod 23 away from the first straight tie rod 21, and the ends of the two first connection parts 242 away from the sleeve 241 are rotatably connected to the ends of the first bent tie rod 23 away from the first straight tie rod 21 through fasteners (such as pins). Similarly, there are two second connection parts 243, and the two second connection parts 243 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the sleeve 241; the ends of the two second connection parts 243 away from the sleeve 241 are suitable for clamping the ends of the second bent tie rod 25 away from the second straight tie rod 27, and the ends of the two second connection parts 243 away from the sleeve 241 are rotatably connected to the ends of the second bent tie rod 25 away from the second straight tie rod 27 through fasteners (such as pins).

[0038] Optionally, combined Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Fig. 9 As shown, the first connection part 242 and the second connection part 243 have a certain angle, that is, the axis of the first connection part 242 and the axis of the second connection part 243 have a certain angle, and the size of the angle can be set according to the actual situation of the connecting rod structure in the hopper car 8.

[0039] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism also includes a first sleeve 71, which is suitable for being arranged at the end of the sleeve 241 and sleeved on the transmission shaft 1, and the first sleeve 71 is detachably connected to the transmission shaft 1 through a fastener. By setting the first sleeve 71, the position of the sleeve 241 (double lever 24) on the transmission shaft 1 is limited to prevent the sleeve 241 (double lever 24) from sliding axially along the transmission shaft 1, thereby ensuring the stability of the sleeve 241 (double lever 24) when connected to the transmission shaft 1.

[0040] Optionally, combined Figure 3 , Fig. 9 As shown, the connecting rod mechanism 2 also includes an eccentric adjustment structure 28, which is arranged on at least one of the first curved rod 23 and the sleeve 241, and the connecting rod mechanism 2 is located between the first curved rod 23 and the sleeve 241 when the connecting rod mechanism 2 is self-locking; and / or, the eccentric adjustment structure 28 is arranged on at least one of the second curved rod 25 and the sleeve 241, and the connecting rod mechanism 2 is located between the second curved rod 25 and the sleeve 241 when the connecting rod mechanism 2 is self-locking.

[0041] In this embodiment, the eccentric adjustment structure 28 is arranged in the C-shaped structure of the first bent pull rod 23, on the outer wall of the sleeve 241 or in the C-shaped structure of the second bent pull rod 25, and when the connecting rod mechanism 2 is self-locking, that is, when the bottom door 81 is closed, the eccentric adjustment structure 28 is located between the first bent pull rod 23 and the sleeve 241 or between the second bent pull rod 25 and the sleeve 241, and is used to limit the distance between the first bent pull rod 23 and the sleeve 241 (limit the distance between the second bent pull rod 25 and the sleeve 241), and makes the distance between the first bent pull rod 23 and the sleeve 241 (the distance between the second bent pull rod 25 and the sleeve 241) suitable for adjustment by the eccentric adjustment structure 28 to obtain a suitable distance between the first bent pull rod 23 and the sleeve 241 (the distance between the second bent pull rod 25 and the sleeve 241).

[0042] In this way, by setting the eccentric adjustment structure 28, on the one hand, the eccentric value (e1 and e2) of the link mechanism 2 when self-locking is suitable for adjustment, that is, the eccentric value of the link mechanism 2 when self-locking can be set according to the actual situation of the link structure in the hopper car 8, so as to ensure that the link mechanism 2 can be stably in the self-locking position without external force. On the other hand, the collision and impact between the first curved tie rod 23, the second curved tie rod 25 and the transmission shaft 1 are avoided, thereby avoiding the excessive collision and impact between the bottom door 81 and the bottom frame 82 of the hopper car 8, and extending the service life of the components such as the link mechanism 2, the transmission shaft 1, the bottom door 81, and the bottom frame 82.

[0043] Optionally, combined Figure 3 , Fig. 9As shown, the eccentric adjustment structure 28 includes an eccentric adjustment pad 281, which is detachably connected (for example, detachably connected by fasteners) to the first curved tie rod 23, the second curved tie rod 25 or the sleeve 241. In this way, the spacing between the first curved tie rod 23 and the sleeve 241 (the spacing between the second curved tie rod 25 and the sleeve 241) when the connecting rod mechanism 2 is self-locked is adjusted by adjusting the number of eccentric adjustment pads 281 to adjust the eccentricity value (e1 and e2) when the connecting rod mechanism 2 is self-locked. In some embodiments, the eccentricity value e1=e2 when the connecting rod mechanism 2 is self-locked, and e1 and e2 are 15mm to 17mm.

[0044] Optionally, combined Figure 1-Figure 4 , Figure 7-Figure 9 As shown, the first length adjustment structure 22 includes a first pad 221, a first connecting plate 222 arranged at one end of the first bent pull rod 23 toward the first straight pull rod 21, and a second connecting plate 223 arranged at one end of the first straight pull rod 21 toward the first bent pull rod 23, and the first connecting plate 222, the first pad 221 and the second connecting plate 223 are connected in sequence by fasteners; the second length adjustment structure 26 includes a second pad 261, a third connecting plate 262 arranged at one end of the second bent pull rod 25 toward the second straight pull rod 27, and a fourth connecting plate 263 arranged at one end of the second straight pull rod 27 toward the second bent pull rod 25, and the third connecting plate 262, the second pad 261 and the fourth connecting plate 263 are connected in sequence by fasteners.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first connecting plate 222 is arranged at one end of the first curved tie rod 23 facing the first straight tie rod 21, and the first connecting plate 222 and the first curved tie rod 23 are preferably formed in one piece to improve the stability of the connection between the first connecting plate 222 and the first curved tie rod 23; the second connecting plate 223 is arranged at one end of the first straight tie rod 21 facing the first curved tie rod 23, and the second connecting plate 223 and the first straight tie rod 21 are preferably formed in one piece to improve the stability of the connection between the second connecting plate 223 and the first straight tie rod 21. The first connecting plate 222, the first pad 221 and the second connecting plate 223 are connected in sequence by fasteners, so that the length of the first length adjustment structure 22 along the axial direction of the first straight tie rod 21 can be adjusted by adjusting the number of the first pads 221 between the first connecting plate 222 and the second connecting plate 223, so that the size of the door gap of the bottom door 81 of the hopper car 8 connected to the first straight tie rod 21 when opening and closing the door is suitable for adjustment. Similarly, the third connecting plate 262 is arranged at one end of the second curved tie rod 25 facing the second straight tie rod 27, and the third connecting plate 262 is preferably formed integrally with the second curved tie rod 25 to improve the stability of the connection between the third connecting plate 262 and the second curved tie rod 25; the fourth connecting plate 263 is arranged at one end of the second straight tie rod 27 facing the second curved tie rod 25, and the fourth connecting plate 263 is preferably formed integrally with the second straight tie rod 27 to improve the stability of the connection between the fourth connecting plate 263 and the second straight tie rod 27. The third connecting plate 262, the second pad 261 and the fourth connecting plate 263 are connected in sequence by fasteners, so that the length of the second length adjustment structure 26 along the axial direction of the second straight tie rod 27 can be adjusted by adjusting the number of the second pads 261 between the third connecting plate 262 and the fourth connecting plate 263, so that the size of the door gap of the bottom door 81 of the hopper car 8 connected to the second straight tie rod 27 when opening and closing the door is suitable for adjustment.

[0046] In this way, by setting the first pad 221, it is convenient to adjust the axial length of the first length adjustment structure 22 along the first straight pull rod 21 by adjusting the number of the first pads 221 between the first connecting plate 222 and the second connecting plate 223, so that the door gap size of the bottom door 81 of the hopper car 8 connected to the first straight pull rod 21 is suitable for adjustment when opening and closing the door; and by setting the first connecting plate 222 and the second connecting plate 223, the first bent pull rod 23 and the first straight pull rod 21 are connected to the first pad 221 respectively through the first connecting plate 222 and the second connecting plate 223, thereby increasing the contact area between the first bent pull rod 23, the first straight pull rod 21 and the first pad 221, and improving the stability of the first bent pull rod 23 and the first straight pull rod 21 when connected to the first length adjustment structure 22. By setting the second pad 261, the axial length of the second length adjustment structure 26 along the second straight pull rod 27 can be adjusted by adjusting the number of the second pads 261 between the third connecting plate 262 and the fourth connecting plate 263, so that the door gap size of the bottom door 81 of the hopper car 8 connected to the second straight pull rod 27 when opening and closing the door is suitable for adjustment; and by setting the third connecting plate 262 and the fourth connecting plate 263, the second bent pull rod 25 and the second straight pull rod 27 are connected to the second pad 261 respectively through the third connecting plate 262 and the fourth connecting plate 263, which increases the contact area between the second bent pull rod 25, the second straight pull rod 27 and the second pad 261, and improves the stability of the connection between the second bent pull rod 25 and the second straight pull rod 27 and the first length adjustment structure 22.

[0047] Optionally, combined Figure 1-Figure 4 , Figure 7-Figure 9 As shown, the first length adjustment structure 22 also includes a first rib plate 224 and a second rib plate 225. The first rib plate 224 is protruded on the side wall of the first bent pull rod 23 and is used to connect the first bent pull rod 23 and the first connecting plate 222 to enhance the stability of the connection between the first bent pull rod 23 and the first connecting plate 222; the second rib plate 225 is protruded on the side wall of the first straight pull rod 21 and is used to connect the first straight pull rod 21 and the second connecting plate 223 to enhance the stability of the connection between the first straight pull rod 21 and the second connecting plate 223. The second length adjustment structure 26 also includes a third rib plate 264 and a fourth rib plate 265. The third rib plate 264 is protruded on the side wall of the second bent pull rod 25 and is used to connect the second bent pull rod 25 and the third connecting plate 262 to improve the stability of the connection between the second bent pull rod 25 and the third connecting plate 262; the fourth rib plate 265 is protruded on the side wall of the second straight pull rod 27 and is used to connect the second straight pull rod 27 and the fourth connecting plate 263 to improve the stability of the connection between the second straight pull rod 27 and the fourth connecting plate 263.

[0048] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism also includes a bearing seat 3 and a driving mechanism 4 suitable for being arranged on the bottom frame 82 of the hopper car 8, the transmission shaft 1 is rotatably connected to the bearing seat 3, and the driving mechanism 4 is suitable for driving the transmission shaft 1 to rotate.

[0049] In this embodiment, the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car is arranged in the cavity between the bottom frame 82 of the hopper car 8 and the hopper ridge plate 83. The bearing seat 3 and the driving mechanism 4 of the bottom door opening and closing mechanism of the hopper car are both arranged on the bottom frame 82, and the bearing seat 3 is rotatably connected with the transmission shaft 1 and serves as a support seat of the transmission shaft 1, so that there is a certain distance between the transmission shaft 1 and the bottom frame 82 to facilitate the corresponding movement of the connecting rod mechanism 2 and other components. The driving mechanism 4 is used to drive the transmission shaft 1 to rotate, so as to drive the connecting rod mechanism 2 on the transmission shaft 1 to perform corresponding movement to open or close the bottom door 81.

[0050] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Fig.10 As shown, the driving mechanism 4 includes an automatic door opening structure 41, which includes a driving structure arranged on the base frame 82 and a transmission structure connecting the driving structure and the transmission shaft 1, and the driving structure is suitable for driving the transmission shaft 1 to rotate through the transmission structure.

[0051] In this embodiment, the driving structure of the automatic door opening structure 41 (such as a motor, a cylinder 411, a hydraulic cylinder, etc.) is arranged on the base frame 82, and the output shaft of the driving structure (such as the rotating shaft of the motor, the piston rod of the cylinder 411 and the hydraulic cylinder, etc.) is connected through the driving transmission structure (such as a gear transmission structure, a gear rack transmission structure, a worm gear transmission structure, etc.) and drives the transmission shaft 1 to rotate, thereby driving the connecting rod mechanism 2 to open or close the bottom door 81.

[0052] The following example uses a cylinder 411 as a driving structure and a rack and pinion transmission structure as a transmission structure. The automatic door opening structure 41 also includes a base 413a, a base adjustment pad 413b, a protective cover 413c, and a rack pressure wheel 413d. The transmission structure includes a gear 412b and a rack 412a. The base adjustment pad 413b is arranged between the base frame 82 and the base 413a to adjust the distance between the base frame 82 and the base 413a; the base 413a and the base adjustment pad 413b are detachably connected to the base frame 82 by fasteners (such as bolts, screws, etc.). The cylinder 411 is mounted on the base 413a, the rack 412a is mounted on the piston rod of the cylinder 411 and is located between the transmission shaft 1 and the base frame 82, and the rack 412a is meshed with the gear 412b mounted on the transmission shaft 1, so that the rack 412a moves linearly with the piston rod of the cylinder 411 to drive the gear 412b and the transmission shaft 1 to rotate, thereby driving the connecting rod mechanism 2 to open or close the bottom door 81. The rack pressure wheel 413d is arranged at the lower end of the rack 412a and is rollingly connected to the rack 412a to play the role of supporting the linear movement of the rack 412a, ensuring that the rack 412a can stably and smoothly drive the gear 412b. The protective cover 413c is detachably connected to the exposed end of the piston rod of the cylinder 411, and is used to accommodate components such as the gear 412b, the rack 412a, and the rack pressure wheel 413d, so as to provide dustproof and safety protection for the gear 412b, the rack 412a, and the rack pressure wheel 413d.

[0053] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Fig.11 As shown, the drive mechanism 4 also includes a manual door opening structure 42, which includes a tooth clutch 421, a clutch fork 422, a reducer 423 and a reducer handwheel 424. The tooth clutch 421 includes a first half clutch 421a and a second half clutch 421b. The first half clutch 421a is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft 1 and moving axially along the transmission shaft 1, and the second half clutch 421b is arranged on the output shaft of the reducer 423 and is arranged opposite to the first half clutch 421a; the clutch fork 422 is suitable for driving the first half clutch 421a to move axially along the transmission shaft 1 to engage and disengage with the second half clutch 421b, and the reducer handwheel 424 is suitable for driving the second half clutch 421b to rotate through the output shaft.

[0054] In this embodiment, the manual door opening structure 42 is arranged at the end of the transmission shaft 1, and preferably at the end of the hopper car 8 (i.e., at the end wall of the hopper car 8), so as to facilitate manual operation of the manual door opening structure 42. The first half clutch 421a is driven by the clutch fork 422 to move axially along the transmission shaft 1 to separate or combine (engage) with the second half clutch 421b. When the first half clutch 421a and the second half clutch 421b are separated, the hopper car 8 opens or closes the bottom door 81 through the automatic door opening structure 41; when the first half clutch 421a and the second half clutch 421b are combined, the output shaft of the reducer 423 can be driven to rotate by manually rotating the reducer hand wheel 424, thereby driving the second half clutch 421b, the first half clutch 421a and the transmission shaft 1 to rotate, so as to realize manual opening and closing of the bottom door 81. In this way, by setting the manual door opening structure 42, the opening and closing methods of the bottom door 81 are enriched, and the opening and closing of the bottom door 81 is easy to control.

[0055] Optionally, the first half clutch 421a of the dog clutch 421 is connected to the transmission shaft 1 through a key structure (e.g., a flat key) to ensure the stability of the connection between the first half clutch 421a and the transmission shaft 1, and to achieve the synchronous rotation of the first half clutch 421a and the transmission shaft 1. Similarly, the second half clutch 421b is connected to the output shaft of the reducer 423 through a key structure to ensure the stability of the connection between the second half clutch 421b and the output shaft of the reducer 423, and to achieve the synchronous rotation of the second half clutch 421b and the output shaft of the reducer 423.

[0056] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the opening and closing mechanism of the bottom door of the hopper car also includes a limit rod 51, a limit stop 52, a limit seat 53 and a limit handle 54. The limit seat 53 is arranged on the base frame 82 of the hopper car 8, and the limit handle 54 is arranged on the limit seat 53 and is rotatably connected with the limit seat 53; the limit rod 51 is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft 1 and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft 1, the limit stop 52 is arranged on the base frame 82, and the limit handle 54 and the limit stop 52 are both suitable for limiting the rotation range of the limit rod 51.

[0057] In this embodiment, the limit seat 53 is arranged on the base frame 82, and the limit handle 54 is arranged on the limit seat 53 and is rotatably connected with the limit seat 53 through a fastener (such as a pin shaft), so as to facilitate manual rotation of the limit handle 54. The limit rod 51 is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft 1 and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft 1. The limit handle 54 has a door opening position and a door closing position. When the bottom door 81 is closed, the limit handle 54 is rotated to the door closing position. At this time, the limit handle 54 contacts the limit rod 51 and is suitable for blocking the limit rod 51 from rotating toward the limit seat 53, that is, the limit handle 54 in the door closing position is blocked on the rotation track of the limit rod 51, so as to further ensure the stability of the bottom door 81 closing on the basis of the self-locking of the two mechanisms, and avoid the situation that the automatic door opening structure 41 or the manual door opening structure 42 is operated by mistake to open the bottom door 81. When unloading is required, the limit handle 54 is rotated to the door opening position, and the limit handle 54 is no longer blocked on the rotation track of the limit rod 51. At this time, the bottom door 81 can be opened by the automatic door opening structure 41 or the manual door opening structure 42. The limit stopper 52 is arranged on the bottom frame 82, which is located on the rotation track of the limit rod 51, and is used to limit the opening degree of the bottom door 81 when it is opened, that is, when the hopper car 8 opens the bottom door 81 through the automatic door opening structure 41 or the manual door opening structure 42, the limit rod 51 stops rotating when it rotates to contact with the limit stopper 52, and the bottom door 81 reaches the maximum opening degree at this time.

[0058] In this way, by setting the limit handle 54 and the limit stop 52 to limit the rotation range of the limit rod 51, it is ensured that the bottom door 81 can be stably closed, avoiding the occurrence of accidental operation of opening the bottom door 81, and limiting the opening degree of the bottom door 81 when it is opened, avoiding the bottom door 81 interfering with the space on both sides of the hopper car 8 or damaging the rotational connection between the bottom door 81 and the side wall of the hopper car 8 when the bottom door 81 is excessively opened.

[0059] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism also includes a limit seat adjustment pad 55, which is arranged between the limit seat 53 and the base frame 82, and is used to adjust the distance between the limit seat 53 and the base frame 82, so as to adjust the limit handle 54 to have a suitable door opening position and door closing position.

[0060] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism also includes a second sleeve 72, which is suitable for being arranged at the end of the limit rod 51 located in the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1 and sleeved on the transmission shaft 1, and the second sleeve 72 is detachably connected to the transmission shaft 1 through a fastener. By providing the second sleeve 72, the position of the limit rod 51 on the transmission shaft 1 is limited, the limit rod 51 is prevented from sliding along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 1, and the stability of the limit rod 51 when connected to the transmission shaft 1 is ensured.

[0061] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, at least two connecting rod mechanisms 2 are provided, and all the connecting rod mechanisms 2 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the transmission shaft 1 .

[0062] In this embodiment, at least two connecting rod mechanisms 2 are provided, and all the connecting rod mechanisms 2 are arranged along the length direction of the transmission shaft 1 (i.e. Figure 1 The bottom door 81 is arranged at intervals in the middle X-axis direction to increase the contact area between the connecting rod mechanism 2 and the bottom door 81, ensuring that the bottom door 81 can be evenly stressed when driven by the connecting rod mechanism 2, thereby ensuring the stable opening and closing of the bottom door 81.

[0063] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism also includes a coupling 6, the transmission shaft 1 includes a first transmission shaft 11 and a second transmission shaft 12 which are coaxially arranged, and the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12 are connected by the coupling 6; there are at least two connecting rod mechanisms 2, and all the connecting rod mechanisms 2 are arranged on the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12 at intervals along the length direction of the transmission shaft 1.

[0064] In this embodiment, the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12 are arranged along the length direction of the transmission shaft 1 (i.e. Figure 1 The first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12 are arranged in the X-axis direction and connected by a coupling 6 to realize the synchronous rotation of the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12, so as to ensure that the multiple connecting rod mechanisms 2 arranged on the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12 can move synchronously to synchronously open the two bottom doors 81 arranged opposite to each other in the hopper car 8. And by setting the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12, the problems of high difficulty in machining the transmission shaft 1, difficulty in ensuring machining accuracy, high difficulty in transportation and high difficulty in assembly when a single transmission shaft is used are avoided. Since at least two connecting rod mechanisms 2 are provided, all connecting rod mechanisms 2 are arranged on the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12 at intervals along the length direction of the transmission shaft 1 (that is, the length direction or axial direction of the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12).

[0065] Optionally, the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12 are both connected to the coupling 6 through a key structure. Specifically, the coupling 6 is sleeved on the ends of the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 12, and the coupling 6 and the first transmission shaft 11 are both provided with a keyway at the connection. The coupling 6 and the first transmission shaft 11 are connected by arranging a key structure (such as a flat key) in the keyway to achieve synchronous rotation of the coupling 6 and the first transmission shaft 11, and ensure the stability of the connection between the coupling 6 and the first transmission shaft 11. The coupling 6 and the second transmission shaft 12 are also provided with a keyway at the connection. The coupling 6 and the second transmission shaft 12 are connected by arranging a key structure (such as a flat key) in the keyway to achieve synchronous rotation of the coupling 6 and the second transmission shaft 12, and ensure the stability of the connection between the coupling 6 and the second transmission shaft 12.

[0066] It is worth noting that the connecting rod mechanism 2 needs to avoid interference with the middle beam 821 of the base frame 82 and the funnel ridge plate 83 .

[0067] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a hopper car, comprising the above-mentioned hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism and a bottom door 81; the bottom door 81 comprises a bottom door body 811 and a bottom door cross beam 812 arranged on the bottom door body 811, and the bottom door cross beam 812 extends toward the bottom frame 82 of the hopper car 8 at one end away from the bottom door body 811, and the connecting rod mechanism 2 of the bottom door 81 opening and closing mechanism is connected to the bottom door cross beams 812 of the two bottom doors 81 arranged opposite to the hopper car 8 through the first straight pull rod 21 and the second straight pull rod 27 respectively.

[0068] In this embodiment, the hopper car 8 is provided with the above-mentioned hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism, so as to open or close the bottom door 81 through the hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism. The bottom door 81 is an L-shaped structure (or a similar L-shaped structure, a bent structure), specifically, the upper end of the bottom door body 811 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the side wall, the lower end of the bottom door body 811 is connected to one end of the bottom door cross beam 812, and the other end of the bottom door cross beam 812 extends toward the direction of the bottom frame 82 and is connected to the connecting rod mechanism 2. In this way, when the bottom door 81 is closed, the bottom door 81 pulls the lower end of the bottom frame 82 through the bottom door cross beam 812, so as to increase the contact area between the bottom door 81 and the bottom frame 82 on the basis of the connection between the bottom door 81 and the connecting rod mechanism 2, further improve the stability of the connection between the bottom door 81 and the bottom frame 82, and avoid the deformation of the bottom door 81 when the hopper car 8 is overloaded, which causes the bottom door 81 to open and the goods to leak. In some embodiments, multiple bottom door beams 812 are spaced apart at the lower end of the bottom door body 811 along the length direction of the hopper car 8 to prevent the bottom door beams 812 from obstructing unloading; the number of bottom door beams 812 on the bottom door 81 on one side of the hopper car 8 is the same as the number of the connecting rod mechanisms 2.

[0069] Optionally, the hopper car 8 is provided with four bottom doors 81 (i.e., two bottom doors 81 are provided on both sides of the hopper car 8 along the length direction of the hopper car 8) and two sets of bottom door opening and closing mechanisms of the hopper car, each set of bottom door opening and closing mechanisms of the hopper car is used to control the simultaneous opening and closing of the two bottom doors 81 oppositely provided on both sides of the hopper car 8. And the two sets of bottom door opening and closing mechanisms of the hopper car are installed in the cavity between the bottom frame 82 of the hopper car 8 and the hopper ridge plate 83. Figure 1 As shown, preferably, two sets of bottom door opening and closing mechanisms of the hopper car are centrally symmetrically arranged in the hopper car 8, for example, one set of bottom door opening and closing mechanisms of the hopper car is arranged at the right front of the chassis 82, and the other set of bottom door opening and closing mechanisms of the hopper car is arranged at the left rear of the chassis 82, wherein the length of the first straight pull rod 21 is greater than the length of the second straight pull rod 27; or one set of bottom door opening and closing mechanisms of the hopper car is arranged at the left front of the chassis 82, and the other set of bottom door opening and closing mechanisms of the hopper car is arranged at the right rear of the chassis 82, wherein the length of the first straight pull rod 21 is less than the length of the second straight pull rod 27. In this way, on the one hand, the limit handles 54 and the manual door opening structure 42 of the two sets of bottom door opening and closing mechanisms of the hopper car are respectively located on both sides of the hopper car 8, which is convenient for manual operation; on the other hand, the center of gravity of the hopper car 8 is prevented from being biased to the left and right sides, thereby ensuring the stability of the hopper car 8 when moving.

[0070] Although the disclosure is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a transmission shaft (1) and a connecting rod mechanism (2), wherein the connecting rod mechanism (2) comprises a first straight pull rod (21), a first length adjustment structure (22), a first bent pull rod (23), a double lever (24), a second bent pull rod (25), a second length adjustment structure (26) and a second straight pull rod (27) which are detachably connected in sequence, and the double lever (24) is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft (1) and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft (1), the first bent pull rod (23), the double lever (24) and the second bent pull rod (25) are rotatably connected in sequence, and one end of the first straight pull rod (21) away from the first length adjustment structure (22) and one end of the second straight pull rod (27) away from the second length adjustment structure (26) are respectively connected to two bottom doors (81) of a hopper car (8) which are arranged opposite to each other; The double-linked lever (24) comprises a sleeve (241), a first connecting portion (242) and a second connecting portion (243); the sleeve (241) is suitable for being sleeved on the transmission shaft (1) and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft (1); an end of the first connecting portion (242) away from the sleeve (241) is rotationally connected to the first bent pull rod (23); and an end of the second connecting portion (243) away from the sleeve (241) is rotationally connected to the second bent pull rod (25); The connecting rod mechanism (2) further comprises an eccentric adjustment structure (28), wherein the eccentric adjustment structure (28) is arranged on at least one of the first curved tie rod (23) and the sleeve (241), and when the connecting rod mechanism (2) is self-locking, the eccentric adjustment structure (28) is located between the first curved tie rod (23) and the sleeve (241); and / or the eccentric adjustment structure (28) is arranged on at least one of the second curved tie rod (25) and the sleeve (241), and when the connecting rod mechanism (2) is self-locking, the eccentric adjustment structure (28) is located between the second curved tie rod (25) and the sleeve (241); The first length adjustment structure (22) comprises a first pad (221), a first connecting plate (222) arranged at one end of the first bent pull rod (23) facing the first straight pull rod (21), and a second connecting plate (223) arranged at one end of the first straight pull rod (21) facing the first bent pull rod (23), and the first connecting plate (222), the first pad (221), and the second connecting plate (223) are connected in sequence by fasteners; the second length adjustment structure (26) comprises a second pad (261), a third connecting plate (262) arranged at one end of the second bent pull rod (25) facing the second straight pull rod (27), and a fourth connecting plate (263) arranged at one end of the second straight pull rod (27) facing the second bent pull rod (25), and the third connecting plate (262), the second pad (261), and the fourth connecting plate (263) are connected in sequence by fasteners.

2. The hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a bearing seat (3) and a driving mechanism (4) suitable for being arranged on a base frame (82) of the hopper car (8), wherein the transmission shaft (1) is rotationally connected to the bearing seat (3), and the driving mechanism (4) is suitable for driving the transmission shaft (1) to rotate.

3. The hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (4) comprises an automatic door opening structure (41), wherein the automatic door opening structure (41) comprises a driving structure arranged on a base frame (82) and a transmission structure connecting the driving structure and the transmission shaft (1), wherein the driving structure is suitable for driving the transmission shaft (1) to rotate via the transmission structure.

4. The hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (4) further comprises a manual door opening structure (42), the manual door opening structure (42) comprising a tooth clutch (421), a clutch fork (422), a reducer (423) and a reducer handwheel (424), the tooth clutch (421) comprising a first half clutch (421a) and a second half clutch (421b), the first half clutch (421a) being adapted to be arranged on the transmission shaft (1) and to move axially along the transmission shaft (1), the second half clutch (421b) being arranged on the output shaft of the reducer (423) and being arranged opposite to the first half clutch (421a); ​​the clutch fork (422) being adapted to drive the first half clutch (421a) to move axially along the transmission shaft (1) so as to engage or disengage with the second half clutch (421b), and the reducer handwheel (424) being adapted to drive the second half clutch (421b) to rotate via the output shaft.

5. The hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a limit rod (51), a limit stop (52), a limit seat (53) and a limit handle (54); the limit seat (53) is arranged on the bottom frame (82) of the hopper car (8); the limit handle (54) is arranged on the limit seat (53) and is rotatably connected to the limit seat (53); the limit rod (51) is suitable for being arranged on the transmission shaft (1) and rotating synchronously with the transmission shaft (1); the limit stop (52) is arranged on the bottom frame (82); and the limit handle (54) and the limit stop (52) are suitable for limiting the rotation range of the limit rod (51).

6. The hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a coupling (6), the transmission shaft (1) comprising a first transmission shaft (11) and a second transmission shaft (12) which are coaxially arranged, the first transmission shaft (11) and the second transmission shaft (12) being connected via the coupling (6); at least two connecting rod mechanisms (2) are provided, and all the connecting rod mechanisms (2) are arranged on the first transmission shaft (11) and the second transmission shaft (12) at intervals along the length direction of the transmission shaft (1).

7. A hopper car, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bottom door opening and closing mechanism and a bottom door (81) of a hopper car as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; the bottom door (81) comprises a bottom door body (811) and a bottom door cross beam (812) arranged on the bottom door body (811); an end of the bottom door cross beam (812) away from the bottom door body (811) extends toward the bottom frame (82) of the hopper car (8); and a connecting rod mechanism (2) of the bottom door (81) opening and closing mechanism is connected to the bottom door cross beams (812) of two bottom doors (81) arranged opposite to each other on the hopper car (8) through a first straight pull rod (21) and a second straight pull rod (27), respectively.

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