Construction method and device for reducing temperature difference in basement environment

Abstract

This invention discloses a construction method and apparatus for reducing temperature differences in basements, specifically including the following steps: setting the affected area on the inner side of the basement, wherein the affected area includes material storage and transportation channels, and promptly sealing them during the autumn and winter seasons when environmental temperature changes are significant; when the basement is poured in autumn and winter, the main building and exterior wall areas can be prioritized for construction; when the seasonal temperature difference in the region is large, insulation and sealing measures can be taken to start construction in late autumn and early winter. The construction method for reducing temperature differences in basements provided by this invention avoids the technical problem of cracking in ultra-long floor slabs and walls due to seasonal environmental temperature differences. By arranging the affected area on the inner side, prioritizing the parallel construction of the main building and exterior wall areas, strengthening curing, and promptly sealing them, the environmental temperature difference during basement construction can be reduced, preventing cracking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, and in particular to a construction method and apparatus for reducing temperature differences in basement environments. Background Technology

[0002] Before the basement is sealed, the constraint stress of extra-long basement slabs and walls less than 1 meter thick is significantly affected by ambient temperature. During the late autumn and early winter seasons, when temperatures drop, especially with short-term temperature fluctuations, extra-long basement slabs and walls are highly susceptible to cracking if construction proceeds in the usual sequence. A key reason for this is that during basement construction, building designs and construction organization often leave areas for material storage and transportation routes that will be affected by subsequent construction. However, these areas are often not carefully planned or considered in terms of the impact of temperature differences on extra-long basement slabs and walls, and their locations are often arbitrary, potentially placed at the edges of the basement. This results in significant constraint stress on the extra-long basement slabs and walls during seasonal temperature fluctuations and short-term temperature drops, leading to cracking.

[0003] This solution addresses the technical challenge of minimizing temperature differences during the construction of basements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a construction method to reduce the temperature difference in the basement environment, which solves the technical problem of cracking of ultra-long base slabs and walls due to seasonal temperature differences. By using the construction method of this invention, the affected area is arranged on the inside, the main building and the exterior wall areas are constructed in parallel and prioritized, maintenance is strengthened, and timely sealing is carried out, which can reduce the temperature difference in the basement during construction and prevent cracking.

[0005] A construction method for reducing temperature differences in basement environments includes the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Set up and delineate the area affected by ambient temperature, and set the affected area inside the basement. The affected area includes the material stockpile and transportation passage. It should be sealed off in time during the autumn and winter seasons when the ambient temperature changes greatly. The construction of the material stockpile includes handling operations, and the construction of the transportation passage includes the operation of adding a covering membrane. The material stockpile can be backfill soil.

[0007] Step S2: When the basement has pouring operations in autumn and winter, priority should be given to the construction of the main building and the exterior wall area. When the seasonal temperature difference in the region exceeds 10 degrees, insulation and sealing measures can be taken to start construction in late autumn and early winter.

[0008] Step S3: Design a device that can handle material stacking and cover film laying. Specifically, the device can lift various bulk materials and stack them gradually.

[0009] When maintenance operations are required on the transport channel, the covering film is laid on the rotating rollers of the device;

[0010] When waterproofing is required in a relevant area, this device can be used to clamp and lift the waterproof protective structure and transport it to the construction site.

[0011] In step S2, during the autumn and winter seasons, the transportation channel should be covered with felt and film for curing, and the wall should be cured with the formwork in place for more than 7 days. The formwork should not be removed and watered for curing within 1-2 days after the wall is poured.

[0012] In step S2, when pouring the wall in autumn and winter, a construction method of segmenting or dividing the waterproof protective layer and backfilling soil is adopted so that the backfilling soil construction is completed 15-20 days after the wall is poured.

[0013] In step S2, if backfilling cannot be completed in time, using extruded polystyrene board waterproof protective layer can also effectively reduce the impact of environmental temperature difference on the wall.

[0014] A construction device for reducing temperature differences in a basement environment includes a support frame, a hoisting structure at the top of the support frame, a material clamping device at the bottom of the hoisting structure, and a push-pull device for horizontal movement of the hoisting structure. The push-pull device is located at the top of the support frame, and a support structure is also provided at the bottom of the support frame. The material clamping device is detachably in contact with the support structure, and casters are provided at the bottom of the support frame.

[0015] The material clamping device includes a positioning frame, a material shell one and a material shell two respectively hinged to the bottom end of the positioning frame, and a power mechanism for driving the material shell one and the material shell two to rotate. The material shell one and the material shell two are brought together to form a cylindrical structure, and the top end of the positioning frame is connected to the hoisting structure.

[0016] The power mechanism includes a hinge shaft 1 passing through the material shell 1, a hinge shaft 2 passing through the material shell 2, a gear 1 disposed at the end of the hinge shaft 1, and a gear 2 disposed at the end of the hinge shaft 2. The hinge shaft 1 or the hinge shaft 2 is also connected to a gripping motor, and the gear 1 and the gear 2 are meshed with each other.

[0017] The hoisting structure includes a second hoisting rope connected to the top of the positioning frame at its bottom end and a first rotating roller connected to the top of the second hoisting rope. The two ends of the first rotating roller are respectively hinged to the movable frame. One end of the first rotating roller is also connected to the lifting motor. The movable frame is horizontally slidably set at the top of the support. One end of the movable frame is connected to the cylinder.

[0018] The top of the support is also provided with an angle adjustment component for tilting the cylindrical structure; the angle adjustment component includes a second rotating roller horizontally disposed at the top of the support, a first hanging rope connected to the second rotating roller at one end, and a hook disposed at the bottom end of the first hanging rope. The two ends of the second rotating roller are respectively hinged to the top of the support, and one end of the second rotating roller is connected to an adjustment motor.

[0019] A lifting base is provided on the outer side of the material shell, and the hook is detachably connected to the lifting base.

[0020] The support structure includes two horizontally arranged and parallel rotating columns, with both ends of rotating column one and rotating column two respectively hinged to the bottom of the bracket, and a rotating handle connected to one end of rotating column one or rotating column two.

[0021] The support has a fixed post on its side, a through hole on the fixed post, a threaded post passing through the through hole, a nut on the threaded post, the nut abutting against the inside of the fixed post, and the second suspension rope passing through one end of the threaded post.

[0022] After concrete structure pouring, the process can be divided into two stages: the hydration heat stage (3-14 days, depending on thickness) and the post-ambient temperature stage. The hydration heat stage is primarily influenced by the hydration heat temperature difference, while the post-ambient temperature stage is primarily influenced by the ambient temperature difference. Currently, basement construction in autumn and winter only considers insulation and curing during the hydration heat stage after concrete pouring, neglecting subsequent insulation measures and ignoring the impact of ambient temperature during the post-ambient temperature stage. However, experiments show that ultra-long basement slabs and walls less than 1m thick experience significant temperature stress during cooling seasons or short-term temperature drops such as cold waves, leading to cracking in ultra-long structures. Therefore, this invention addresses the post-ambient temperature stage, which is generally overlooked in construction.

[0023] This invention achieves the following significant effects:

[0024] (1) This invention provides a construction method to reduce the environmental temperature difference during the construction of basement, rationally sets up the organizational structure of the basement's affected area (material storage, transportation channels, etc.), improves the construction organization and the closing sequence of the basement, and proposes clear curing methods and times, which can significantly reduce the environmental temperature difference during the construction of basement and reduce constraint stress, preventing the cracking of ultra-long base slabs and walls due to environmental temperature differences.

[0025] (2) This scheme designs a construction device for handling basement materials. It is applicable to both large granular materials and felt. By using material shell one and material shell two, the transfer or handling of materials can be completed efficiently, greatly improving the work efficiency of construction personnel.

[0026] (3) It is designed with a movable frame, an angle adjustment component and a threaded rod, which work together to allow the material in the cylindrical structure to be placed in a corner position, making it suitable for areas and situations where it is inconvenient to operate manually. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cylindrical structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the open structure of the cylindrical structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Support; 2. Rotating column one; 3. Rotating handle; 4. Rotating column two; 5. Material shell one; 5-1. Gear one; 6. Threaded column; 6-1. Nut; 7. Cylinder; 8. Rotating roller one; 9. Rotating roller two; 10. Lifting rope one; 11. Adjusting motor; 12. Lifting rope two; 12-1. Positioning frame; 12-2. Clamping motor; 12-3. Fixed seat; 13. Material shell two; 13-1. Gear two; 13-2. Lifting seat. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the following detailed implementation method will be used to explain the solution.

[0033] A construction method for reducing temperature differences in basement environments includes the following steps:

[0034] Step S1: Set up and delineate the area affected by ambient temperature, and set the affected area inside the basement. The affected area includes the material stockpile and transportation passage. It should be sealed off in time during the autumn and winter seasons when the ambient temperature changes greatly. The construction of the material stockpile includes handling operations, and the construction of the transportation passage includes the operation of adding a covering membrane. The material stockpile can be backfill soil.

[0035] Step S2: When the basement has pouring operations in autumn and winter, priority should be given to the construction of the main building and the exterior wall area. When the seasonal temperature difference in the region exceeds 10 degrees, insulation and sealing measures can be taken to start construction in late autumn and early winter.

[0036] Step S3: Design a device that can handle material stacking and cover film laying. Specifically, the device can lift various bulk materials and stack them gradually.

[0037] When maintenance operations are required on the transport channel, the covering film is laid on the rotating rollers of the device;

[0038] When waterproofing is required in a relevant area, this device can be used to clamp and lift the waterproof protective structure and transport it to the construction site.

[0039] In step S2, during the autumn and winter seasons, the transportation channel should be covered with felt and film for curing, and the wall should be cured with the formwork in place for more than 7 days. The formwork should not be removed and watered for curing within 1-2 days after the wall is poured.

[0040] In step S2, when pouring the wall in autumn and winter, a construction method of segmenting or dividing the waterproof protective layer and backfilling soil is adopted so that the backfilling soil construction is completed 15-20 days after the wall is poured.

[0041] In step S2, if backfilling cannot be completed in time, using extruded polystyrene board waterproof protective layer can also effectively reduce the impact of environmental temperature difference on the wall.

[0042] See Figure 1 A construction device for reducing temperature differences in a basement environment includes a support 1, a hoisting structure at the top of the support 1, a material clamping device at the bottom of the hoisting structure, and a push-pull device for horizontal movement of the hoisting structure. The push-pull device is located at the top of the support 1, and a support structure is also provided at the bottom of the support 1. The material clamping device is detachably in contact with the support structure, and casters are provided at the bottom of the support 1.

[0043] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 The material clamping device includes a positioning frame 12-1, material shell 5 and material shell 13 respectively hinged to the bottom of the positioning frame 12-1, and a power mechanism for driving the material shell 5 and material shell 13 to rotate. The material shell 5 and material shell 13 are joined together to form a cylindrical structure. The top of the positioning frame 12-1 is connected to the hoisting structure through a fixed seat 12-3.

[0044] The power mechanism includes a hinge shaft 1 passing through material shell 1 5, a hinge shaft 2 passing through material shell 2 13, a gear 1 5-1 located at the end of hinge shaft 1, and a gear 2 13-1 located at the end of hinge shaft 2. Hinges 1 or hinge shaft 2 is also connected to a gripping motor 12-2. Gears 1 5-1 and gear 2 13-1 are meshed with each other.

[0045] For granular materials, such as sand and gravel, the clamping motor 12-2 causes gears 5-1 and 13-1 to rotate, which in turn causes material shells 5 and 13 to rotate, opening the bottom. Material shells 5 and 13 have the same structure, with both the top and bottom closed. They are placed above the material and gradually come into contact with it. The material can then be placed inside manually. Finally, material shells 5 and 13 are closed.

[0046] During material feeding, the bottom ends of material shell 1 (5) and material shell 2 (13) open to allow the material to fall gradually.

[0047] The hoisting structure includes a second hoisting rope 12 connected to the bottom end of the positioning frame 12-1 and a first rotating roller 8 connected to the top end of the second hoisting rope 12. The two ends of the first rotating roller 8 are respectively hinged to the movable frame. One end of the first rotating roller 8 is also connected to the lifting motor. The movable frame can be horizontally slidably set at the top of the support 1. One end of the movable frame is connected to the cylinder 7.

[0048] The purpose of hoisting structures is to adjust the height of the cylindrical structure according to the actual situation.

[0049] The top of the support 1 is also provided with an angle adjustment component for tilting the cylindrical structure; the angle adjustment component includes a rotating roller 9 horizontally set at the top of the support 1, a suspension rope 10 connected to the rotating roller 9 at one end, and a hook set at the bottom of the suspension rope 10. The two ends of the rotating roller 9 are respectively hinged to the top of the support 1, and one end of the rotating roller 9 is connected to the adjustment motor 11.

[0050] The outer side of the material shell 13 is provided with a lifting seat 13-2, and the hook is detachably connected to the lifting seat 13-2.

[0051] See Figure 4 The support structure includes two horizontally arranged and parallel rotating columns 2 and 4. The two ends of rotating columns 2 and 4 are respectively hinged to the bottom of the bracket 1, and one end of rotating column 2 or rotating column 4 is connected to a rotating handle 3.

[0052] When not in use, the cylindrical structure rests on the supporting structure, which in turn supports the cylindrical structure. In addition, for sheet-like materials, such as felt of a certain length, they can be rolled up on rotating column 12 or rotating column 24 for easy laying.

[0053] A fixing post is provided on the side of the bracket 1. A through hole is provided on the fixing post. A threaded post 6 is inserted through the through hole. A nut 6-1 is provided on the threaded post 6. The nut 6-1 abuts against the inner side of the fixing post. The second suspension rope 12 passes through one end of the threaded post 6.

[0054] Pushing the threaded column 6 causes the suspension rope 12 to move, which helps to fine-tune the actual position of the cylindrical structure.

[0055] After concrete structure pouring, the process can be divided into two stages: the hydration heat stage (3-14 days, depending on thickness) and the post-ambient temperature stage. The hydration heat stage is primarily influenced by the hydration heat temperature difference, while the post-ambient temperature stage is primarily influenced by the ambient temperature difference. Currently, basement construction in autumn and winter only considers insulation and curing during the hydration heat stage after concrete pouring, neglecting subsequent insulation measures and ignoring the impact of ambient temperature during the post-ambient temperature stage. However, experiments show that ultra-long basement slabs and walls less than 1m thick experience significant temperature stress during cooling seasons or short-term temperature drops such as cold waves, leading to cracking in ultra-long structures. Therefore, this invention addresses the post-ambient temperature stage, which is generally overlooked in construction.

[0056] The specific working process of this invention:

[0057] An experiment was conducted to investigate the environmental temperature difference during basement construction, and the results are as follows:

[0058] The wall is the most prone to cracking in ultra-long structures. Temperature and strain sensors were installed in the 300mm thick wall. Following the normal construction sequence and based on the decreasing wall thickness, the roof slab construction in different areas was completed in sequence. At this time, a temperature drop of 14.9℃ occurred, and the temperature change at the measuring points inside the wall was 2.8℃.

[0059] Therefore, the construction sequence can be adjusted by sealing off the wall area first, which can effectively prevent the wall from cracking due to short-term cooling. The principle of the base plate is similar to that of the wall.

[0060] Note:

[0061] According to research, the temperature change of concrete during the construction process is divided into two stages. The first stage is the hydration heat stage, in which the overall temperature difference is mainly due to the hydration heat temperature difference. The time is about 3-14 days after pouring (depending on the thickness), which is the stage currently considered in construction.

[0062] The second stage is the post-ambient temperature stage, where the overall temperature difference is mainly determined by the ambient temperature. This stage lasts from the end of the hydration heat stage until the basement is completely sealed. Current construction methods do not consider temperature changes during this stage that could cause concrete cracking. However, for ultra-long foundation slabs and walls less than 1 meter thick, significant instantaneous temperature stress can occur during periods of cooling or short-term temperature drops such as cold snaps, leading to concrete cracking. Based on this stage, this invention proposes the corresponding construction organization measures mentioned above.

[0063] The technical features of this invention not described can be implemented by or using existing technology, and will not be repeated here. Of course, the above description is not a limitation of this invention, and this invention is not limited to the examples above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of this invention should also be within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A construction device for reducing temperature differences in basement environments, characterized in that, The device includes a support frame, a hoisting structure at the top of the support frame, a material gripping device at the bottom of the hoisting structure, and a push-pull device for horizontal movement of the hoisting structure. The push-pull device is located at the top of the support frame, and a support structure is also provided at the bottom of the support frame. The material gripping device is detachably in contact with the support structure, and a caster wheel is provided at the bottom of the support frame. The material clamping device includes a positioning frame, a material shell one and a material shell two respectively hinged to the bottom end of the positioning frame, and a power mechanism for driving the material shell one and the material shell two to rotate. The material shell one and the material shell two are brought together to form a cylindrical structure, and the top end of the positioning frame is connected to the hoisting structure. The power mechanism includes a hinge shaft 1 passing through the material shell 1, a hinge shaft 2 passing through the material shell 2, a gear 1 disposed at the end of the hinge shaft 1, and a gear 2 disposed at the end of the hinge shaft 2. The hinge shaft 1 or the hinge shaft 2 is also connected to a gripping motor, and the gear 1 and the gear 2 are meshed with each other. The hoisting structure includes a second hoisting rope connected to the top of the positioning frame at its bottom end and a first rotating roller connected to the top of the second hoisting rope. The two ends of the first rotating roller are respectively hinged to the movable frame. One end of the first rotating roller is also connected to the lifting motor. The movable frame is horizontally slidably set at the top of the support. One end of the movable frame is connected to the cylinder. The top of the support is also provided with an angle adjustment component for tilting the cylindrical structure; the angle adjustment component includes a second rotating roller horizontally disposed at the top of the support, a first hanging rope connected to the second rotating roller at one end, and a hook disposed at the bottom end of the first hanging rope. The two ends of the second rotating roller are respectively hinged to the top of the support, and one end of the second rotating roller is connected to an adjustment motor. A lifting base is provided on the outer side of the material shell 2, and the hook is detachably connected to the lifting base; The support structure includes two horizontally arranged and parallel rotating columns, with the two ends of rotating column one and rotating column two respectively hinged to the bottom of the bracket. One end of rotating column one or rotating column two is connected to a rotating handle. Rotating column one and rotating column two are used for winding and releasing the covering film material.

2. The construction device for reducing temperature difference in basement environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support has a fixing post on its side, a through hole on the fixing post, a threaded post passing through the through hole, a nut on the threaded post, the nut abutting against the inner side of the fixing post, and the second suspension rope passing through one end of the threaded post. The threaded post can be moved by turning the nut to fine-tune the position of the second suspension rope.

3. A construction method for reducing temperature differences in a basement environment, comprising using the construction device for reducing temperature differences in a basement environment as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step S1: Set up and delineate the area affected by ambient temperature. Set the affected area inside the basement. The affected area includes the material stockpile and transportation passage. Close it in time during the autumn and winter season when the ambient temperature changes greatly. The construction of the material stockpile includes handling operations, and the construction of the transportation passage includes the operation of adding a covering membrane. The material stockpile is backfill soil. Step S2: When the basement has pouring operations in autumn and winter, priority should be given to the construction of the main building and the exterior wall area. When the seasonal temperature difference in the region exceeds 10 degrees, insulation and sealing measures should be taken to start construction in late autumn and early winter. Step S3: Inside the enclosed space formed by the main building and the outer wall area prioritized for construction in Step S2, the construction device described in claim 1 is used to carry out operations on the affected area; specifically, the device is capable of lifting various bulk materials and can also stack them gradually. When maintenance operations are required on the transport channel, the covering film will be laid in the first rotating column. When waterproofing is required in a relevant area, this device can be used to clamp and lift the waterproof protective structure and transport it to the construction site. In step S2, during the autumn and winter seasons, the transportation channel should be covered with felt and film for curing, and the wall should be cured with the formwork for more than 7 days. The formwork should not be removed and watered for curing within 1-2 days after the wall is poured. In step S2, when pouring the wall in autumn and winter, a construction method of segmenting or dividing the waterproof protective layer and backfilling soil is adopted so that the backfilling soil construction is completed 15-20 days after the wall is poured. In step S2, if the backfill cannot be completed in time, the use of extruded polystyrene board waterproof protective layer can also effectively reduce the impact of environmental temperature difference on the wall.

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