Speed ​​reducer with shaft and housing components

Abstract

The present invention relates to a reducer having a shaft and a housing component, wherein a bearing is accommodated in the housing component, in particular a bearing for rotatably supporting the shaft, a flange component is connected to the housing component, at least one shaft sealing ring is accommodated in the flange component, the shaft sealing ring faces the shaft to seal the flange component, the sealing ring is axially arranged between the shaft sealing ring and the bearing, so that a first space area is formed between the sealing ring and the bearing, in particular between the sealing ring and the rolling element of the bearing, the first space area can be at least partially filled with oil, in particular for supplying lubricating oil to the bearing or the rolling element of the bearing, and a second space area is formed between the sealing ring and the shaft sealing ring, the second space area can be at least partially filled with oil, in particular for supplying lubricating oil to the shaft sealing ring, the second space area leads to a first radial hole of the flange component through a channel, and the first space area leads to the first radial hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a speed reducer having a shaft and a housing part. Background Art

[0002] It is generally known that a reduction gear has a shaft which is supported by means of a bearing in a housing part of the reduction gear and to which a toothed element is connected. Summary of the invention

[0003] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a reduction gear having a longer service life.

[0004] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a reduction gear according to the features set forth in claim 1 .

[0005] With regard to a reducer having a shaft and a housing part, an essential feature of the invention is that a bearing, in particular a bearing for rotatably supporting the shaft, is accommodated in the housing part.

[0006] The flange part is connected to the housing part.

[0007] At least one shaft sealing ring is received in the flange component,

[0008] The shaft seal ring seals the flange parts towards the shaft.

[0009] A sealing ring is arranged axially between the shaft seal ring and the bearing.

[0010] so that a first space region is formed between the sealing ring and the bearing, in particular between the sealing ring and the rolling elements of the bearing, which first space region can be at least partially filled with oil, in particular for supplying lubricating oil to the bearing or the rolling elements of the bearing,

[0011] so that a second space region is formed between the sealing ring and the shaft sealing ring, and the second space region can be at least partially filled with oil, in particular for supplying lubricating oil to the shaft sealing ring,

[0012] The second spatial region opens into the first radial hole of the flange component via a channel,

[0013] The first spatial region opens into the first radial hole.

[0014] The advantage is that the delivered oil flow is divided into a first part, which is introduced from the first radial hole into the first spatial region and there supplies the bearing with lubricating oil, in particular lubricates the rolling elements of the bearing and dissipates their heat, while the shaft sealing ring is not loaded with this heat absorbed by the bearing in the oil flow. Since the second part of the delivered oil flow is directed to the shaft sealing ring, the shaft sealing ring is supplied with cooling oil.

[0015] The shaft sealing ring can be designed as a shaft sealing ring pair. Here, the two shaft sealing rings are arranged axially side by side and in contact with each other. Preferably, the shaft sealing ring of the shaft sealing ring pair facing the sealing ring is supplied with the part of the oil flow flowing through the first channel, and the other shaft sealing ring, that is, the shaft sealing ring of the shaft sealing ring pair arranged farther from the sealing ring, is lubricated with grease.

[0016] In an advantageous embodiment, the oil flow delivered by the oil delivery device flows into the first radial hole. This has the advantage that the oil flow is delivered by an active and / or passive oil delivery device, that is, potential energy is delivered to the oil in a gravity field, and then the oil flows past the shaft sealing ring or the bearing, while the delivered potential energy is reduced. Thus, the shaft sealing ring and the bearing can be supplied with lubricating oil.

[0017] In an advantageous embodiment, a first part of the oil flow delivered by the delivery device flows into the first space region through the radial holes, and a second part of the oil delivered by the delivery device flows into the second space region through the radial holes. Advantageously, the first part is at least ten times the second part, so that at least a major part of the heat loss of the bearing can be discharged by the oil and at least a major part of the heat loss of the shaft sealing ring can be discharged by the oil, which is also supplied with oil, in particular so that the oil film is not interrupted in the area of ​​the sealing lip of the shaft sealing ring and in the area of ​​the shaft.

[0018] In an advantageous embodiment, the oil delivery device has an oil pump driven by the motor or the shaft of the reducer and / or a collecting unit for collecting the oil ejected upward during the rotational movement of the toothed element of the reducer, in particular ejected in the opposite direction of gravity. This has the advantage that when using a motor, the oil lubricates the bearings before the rotational movement of the shaft begins and that, when the oil pump is designed as a shaft end pump, a separate and / or additional energy supply for the motor of the oil pump is not required.

[0019] In an advantageous design, the axial hole penetrating the housing component opens into the first radial hole, in particular so that lubricating oil of the reducer can be conveyed into the first radial hole. This has the advantage that the oil supply can be easily established.

[0020] In an advantageous design, the channel is designed as a radial hole, which has a smaller diameter than the first radial hole. The advantage is that the oil flow portion flowing to the shaft sealing ring is smaller than the oil flow portion flowing to the bearing.

[0021] In an advantageous embodiment, the bearing is a radial thrust bearing and / or the shaft is designed as a hollow shaft.

[0022] In particular, the shaft is the output shaft of the reducer, wherein the shaft has the largest diameter among all shafts of the reducer. The advantage is that the load of the drive shaft can be introduced into transverse forces that can be absorbed by the bearing.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, the flange part is formed integrally with the sealing ring, in particular in one piece.

[0024] in particular

[0025] - wherein the flange part and the sealing ring are made of plastic as a plastic injection molded part,

[0026] - or wherein the flange part and the sealing ring are made of metal,

[0027] - or wherein the flange part and the sealing ring are designed as additively manufactured components, in which the first radial holes and the second radial holes are designed as formed or additively produced channels, in particular, that is to say not produced by drilling.

[0028] This has the advantage that simple production and improved sealing can be achieved. In the case of a design made of plastic, very cost-effective production can be achieved, wherein the shaft sealing ring is of course preferably designed as a shaft sealing ring pair, so that sufficient sealing is achieved in the case of large transverse forces. In the case of a design made of metal, it is important that a sufficiently large gap exists between the sealing ring and the shaft, so that the shaft does not come into contact with the sealing ring in the event of transverse forces. In an additive design, the flange part and the sealing ring can be made of metal, in particular aluminum, or of plastic.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment, the second channel opens into the second radial hole.

[0030] In particular, the diameter of the first channel is smaller than the diameter of the second channel. This has the advantage that the backflow is ensured without requiring significant resistance.

[0031] In an advantageous design, the second radial hole of the flange part opens into the second axial hole through the housing part, which opens into the interior of the reducer. This has the advantage that the delivered oil can flow back into the oil sump of the reducer after supplying the bearing or the shaft sealing ring. From the oil sump or subsequently the oil delivery device, the cooled oil or the oil sprayed upward is delivered to the first radial hole by means of the oil delivery device and then delivered to the bearing or the shaft sealing ring.

[0032] In an advantageous design, the cover plate is connected to the flange part.

[0033] The cover plate is arranged on the side of the shaft seal ring that is axially away from the sealing ring. The advantage is that the shaft seal ring can be dustproofed. Only a narrow gap remains between the cover plate and the shaft.

[0034] In an advantageous design, the radial length region covered by the cover plate includes the radial length region covered by the shaft sealing ring, except for the radial length region covered by the sealing lip of the shaft sealing ring.

[0035] In particular, the sealing lip of the shaft sealing ring contacts the finely machined working surface of the shaft, wherein the cover plate is spaced apart from the shaft. Its advantage is that the cover plate covers the shaft sealing ring except for the narrow gap area facing the shaft.

[0036] In an advantageous embodiment, the sealing ring is made of plastic and / or rubber. This has the advantage that simple production can be achieved and that materials with lower thermal load capacity can also be used due to the cooling oil.

[0037] In an advantageous design, the sealing ring contacts the flange component completely in the circumferential direction, except for the circumferential angle area covered by the first channel and the second channel. The advantage is that a high sealing performance can be achieved for the second space area relative to the first space area with a higher temperature level.

[0038] In an advantageous design, the radial length region covered by the sealing ring includes the radial length region covered by the shaft sealing ring. This has the advantage that the sealing ring and the shaft sealing ring are arranged on the same diameter.

[0039] In an advantageous design, the radial length region covered by the sealing ring overlaps the radial length region covered by the shaft sealing ring. This has the advantage that the sealing ring sufficiently shields the second spatial region from the first spatial region.

[0040] In an advantageous embodiment, the first radial hole is sealed toward the surroundings by means of a plug at least partially inserted into the first radial hole. This has the advantage that simple production is possible.

[0041] In an advantageous embodiment, the second radial hole is sealed toward the surroundings by means of a plug at least partially inserted into the second radial hole. This has the advantage that simple production can be achieved.

[0042] Further advantages are given by the dependent claims. The invention is not limited to the feature combinations of the claims. For a person skilled in the art, in particular from the proposed objectives and / or the objectives proposed by comparison with the prior art, other reasonable combinations of the claims and / or the features of the individual claims and / or the features of the description and / or the features of the drawings can be obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The present invention is described in detail below based on the schematic drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 A cross section through a reduction gear according to the invention with a bearing arrangement is shown.

[0045] Figure 2 The diagram shows an oblique view of a sectioned region of a reduction gear.

[0046] List of reference numerals:

[0047] 1 Housing parts

[0048] 2 Flange parts

[0049] 3 First radial hole

[0050] 4 Sealing ring

[0051] 5 Shaft seal

[0052] 6 Axles, especially hollow shafts

[0053] 7 Second space area for lubricating oil

[0054] 8 First axial hole

[0055] 9 Bearings, especially radial thrust bearings

[0056] 10 channels

[0057] 11 Covering plate

[0058] 12 Second radial hole

[0059] 13 Second axial hole

[0060] 14 First Space Area DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] As shown in the figures, a shaft 6 , in particular a hollow shaft, is rotatably supported by means of a bearing 9 , in particular a radial thrust bearing, wherein the bearing 9 is accommodated in a housing part 1 of the reducer.

[0062] The reducer has another shaft connected to the toothed member in a relatively rotationally fixed manner. The teeth of the toothed member mesh with the teeth of another toothed member, and the other toothed member is connected to the shaft 6 in a relatively rotationally fixed manner.

[0063] The housing of the reducer is formed by the housing component 1 and other housing components.

[0064] The inner space surrounded by the housing contains toothed parts and lubricating oil. The inner space is only partially filled with lubricating oil, so that in the static state, the inner space has the following oil level: the oil level does not reach or only partially reaches the rolling elements of the bearing 9, in particular, only touches the rolling elements of the bearing 9 that are placed the deepest.

[0065] The reduction gear unit therefore has an active and / or passive oil supply device, with which all, ie the highest located, rolling elements of the bearing 9 are supplied with lubricating oil from the oil sump, ie below the oil level, at least during operation of the reduction gear unit.

[0066] Furthermore, the housing part 1 has a first axial bore 8 , through which the supplied lubricating oil is conducted to a first radial bore which is arranged in the flange part 2 , which shields the bearing 9 from the surroundings.

[0067] The flange part 2 is connected to the housing part 1 in a sealing manner by means of screws and a flat seal arranged in between.

[0068] The first radial bore 3 opens into a clear first spatial region 14 which adjoins the bearing 9, in particular the rolling bodies of the bearing 9. The bearing 9 can thus be lubricated via the first radial bore and the clear first spatial region 14 with lubricating oil.

[0069] The clear space area 14 is directly adjacent to the bearing 9 in the axial direction and covers at least the free space existing in the radial direction between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 9. Therefore, the area covered by the first space area in the axial direction is directly adjacent to the axial area covered by the bearing 9. The radial length area covered by the first space area 14 is included by the radial length area covered by the bearing. Because the inner ring of the bearing 9 is mounted on a fixed ring arranged on the shaft 6 or on a stepped portion of the shaft 6 in an alternative design. The outer ring is also axially limited by a ring component or by the flange component 2 itself.

[0070] The radial spacing refers to the rotation axis of the shaft 6 , and the axial direction is parallel to the direction of the rotation axis of the shaft 6 .

[0071] The shaft 6 is preferably designed as an output shaft.

[0072] Accommodated in the flange part 2 are two shaft sealing rings 4 arranged axially next to one another, in particular contacting one another, whose sealing lips slide on, ie contact, running surfaces formed on the surface of the shaft, in particular machined, in particular ground.

[0073] The shaft sealing ring 4 is arranged on a side of the sealing ring 4 facing away from the bearing 9 in the axial direction.

[0074] The sealing ring 4 reduces or blocks the oil flow from the second spatial region 7 to the first spatial region 14 .

[0075] A radially extending channel 10 is provided axially between the flange component 2 and the seal 4, which is guided from the first spatial region or from the first radial hole 3 adjacent to the first spatial region to the second spatial region 7 and thus delivers lubricating oil that has not yet been heated by the bearing 9 to at least one of the shaft sealing rings 5. Thus, wear of the shaft sealing ring 5 is prevented.

[0076] The sealing ring 4 is therefore arranged axially between the bearing 9 and the shaft sealing ring 5 and thus separates the oil in the region of the bearing 9 from the oil in the region of the shaft sealing ring 5 , wherein the oil in the region of the bearing 9 has a higher temperature than the oil in the region of the shaft sealing ring 5 .

[0077] The cover plate 11 is connected to the flange part 2 , in particular by means of screws, whose threaded area is screwed into a threaded hole of the flange part 2 and whose head presses the cover plate 11 onto the flange part 2 .

[0078] The cover plate 11 covers the shaft seal ring 5 toward the surrounding environment. In particular, the radial length area covered by the cover plate 11 includes the radial length area covered by the shaft seal ring 5, except for the radial length area covered by the sealing lip of the shaft seal ring 5. Because the sealing lip contacts the finely machined working surface on the shaft 6; and the cover plate 11 is spaced apart from the shaft 6.

[0079] The cover plate 1 serves as a protection element to prevent the shaft sealing ring 5 from being contaminated by dirt particles.

[0080] Preferably, the sealing ring 4 is received and thus held by the flange part 2. The sealing ring 4, in particular the sealing lip formed on the sealing ring 4, also contacts the shaft 6 or at least has a spacing of only less than 100 μm.

[0081] The intensity of the oil flow from the first radial bore 3 to the space region 7 can be controlled by means of the diameter of the channel 10. Since only a small amount of oil is required to lubricate the shaft sealing ring 5, a small diameter of the channel 10 is sufficient, in particular a diameter of less than two centimeters or less than one centimeter.

[0082] The channel 10 is arranged as high as possible, ie as close as possible to the first axial bore 8 .

[0083] In the lower region of the sealing ring 4, that is, at a position as far away as possible from the first axial hole 8, a further channel is provided on the flange part 2 as a return flow for the oil, which opens into a second radial hole 12 of the flange part 2, which opens into a second axial hole 13 of the housing part 1, which returns the oil to the oil pool, in particular together with the oil that comes into contact with the rolling elements of the bearing 9.

[0084] Then, in the oil pool, the heat input with the oil can be diffused and can be partially discharged to the surrounding environment through the housing of the reducer. The oil cooled in this way can then be transported again to the first axial hole 8 of the housing part 1 by means of an active and / or passive oil delivery device. Only the oil part that flows past the rolling elements of the bearing 9 absorbs more heat than the oil part that flows past the shaft seal ring 5.

[0085] The cover plate 11 , the flange part 2 and the housing part 1 are made of metal, in particular steel.

[0086] The flange part has a corresponding seat which is finely machined, in particular ground, in order to receive the shaft sealing ring 5 . The shaft sealing ring 5 received on the seat seals the flange part 2 relative to the shaft 6 .

[0087] As a result, the sealing lip of the shaft sealing ring moves on the running surface of the shaft, in particular wherein the sealing lip of the shaft sealing ring contacts the running surface of the shaft.

[0088] The housing part 1 has a bearing seat which is finely machined, in particular ground, in order to accommodate the bearing 9 . The bearing 9 received in the seat supports the shaft 6 .

[0089] The flange part 2 has a centering seat, by means of which the flange part is centered on the bearing hole of the bearing 9. For this purpose, the bearing hole is arranged as a cylindrical recess in the housing part 1 of the reducer and is machined, wherein the outer ring of the bearing 9 is pushed into the bearing seat thus produced. On the edge of the opening, which is preferably also machined, the cylindrical centering ring of the flange part 2 is pushed into the bearing hole. The flange part 2 is then centered on the housing part 1 with the help of the centering ring. However, the centering ring of the flange part 2 also serves as an axial limit for the outer ring of the bearing 9, the inner ring of which is mounted relative to the collar of the shaft 6.

[0090] The inner ring is positioned in the opposite axial direction by means of a fixing ring which is arranged in a circumferential annular groove of the shaft 6 .

[0091] In a further embodiment according to the invention, the flange component 2 and the sealing ring 4 are made in one piece, in particular in one piece, from plastic. Preferably, an additive manufacturing method is implemented to produce such a flange component 2 with an integrated sealing ring 4, in particular using a 3D printer. Preferably, the flange component 2 and the integrated sealing ring 4 are made from plastic. Thus, good thermal insulation between the first spatial region 14 and the second spatial region 7 can also be achieved.

[0092] Alternatively, the flange part 2 and the sealing ring 4 can also be made of metal. Here, there is a sufficiently large gap between the sealing ring 4 and the shaft 6 to prevent the shaft from contacting the sealing ring 4 when transverse forces occur.

[0093] Metallic embodiments can also be produced additively, wherein correspondingly formed holes can be provided instead of openings.

Claims

1. A reducer having a shaft and a housing component, A bearing for rotatably supporting the shaft is accommodated in the housing part. It is characterized in that The flange part is connected to the housing part. At least one shaft sealing ring is received in the flange component, The shaft seal ring seals the flange parts towards the shaft. A sealing ring is arranged axially between the shaft seal ring and the bearing. so that a first space region is formed between the sealing ring and the rolling element of the bearing, which first space region can be at least partially filled with oil for supplying lubricating oil to the bearing or the rolling element of the bearing, so that a second space region is formed between the sealing ring and the shaft sealing ring, and the second space region can be at least partially filled with oil for supplying lubricating oil to the shaft sealing ring, The second spatial region opens into the first radial hole of the flange component via a channel, The first spatial region opens into the first radial hole, The flange component has a centering seat, which centers the flange component on the bearing hole of the bearing. A first part of the oil flow delivered by the delivery device flows into the first spatial region through the first radial bore, A second portion of the oil delivered by the delivery device flows into the second space region through the first radial hole, The first part is at least ten times as large as the second.

2. The reducer according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The oil flow delivered by the oil delivery device flows into the first radial hole.

3. The reducer according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The oil delivery device has an oil pump driven by a motor or a shaft of the reducer and / or a collecting unit for collecting oil sprayed upward during the rotational movement of the toothed component of the reducer.

4. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The axial hole through the housing part opens into the first radial hole, This enables the lubricating oil of the reducer to be delivered to the first radial hole.

5. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The channel is designed as a radial hole which has a smaller diameter than the first radial hole.

6. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The bearing is a radial thrust bearing and / or the shaft is designed as a hollow shaft, The shaft is the output shaft of the reducer, wherein the shaft has the largest diameter among all shafts of the reducer.

7. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The flange part is formed integrally with the sealing ring. - wherein the flange part and the sealing ring are made of plastic as a plastic injection molded part, - or wherein the flange part and the sealing ring are made of metal, - or wherein the flange part and the sealing ring are designed as additively manufactured components, in which the first radial holes and the second radial holes are designed as formed or additively formed channels.

8. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The second passage opens into the second radial hole, The diameter of the first channel is smaller than the diameter of the second channel.

9. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The second radial hole of the flange component opens into a second axial hole penetrating the housing component, and the second axial hole opens into the interior space of the reducer.

10. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The cover plate is connected to the flange part. The cover plate is arranged on a side of the shaft sealing ring facing away from the sealing ring in the axial direction.

11. The reducer according to claim 10, It is characterized in that The radial length area covered by the cover plate includes the radial length area covered by the shaft seal ring, except for the radial length area covered by the sealing lip of the shaft seal ring. The sealing lip of the shaft sealing ring contacts the finely machined running surface of the shaft, wherein the cover plate is spaced apart from the shaft.

12. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The sealing ring is made of plastic and / or rubber. and / or The sealing ring contacts the flange component completely in the circumferential direction except for the circumferential angle area covered by the first channel and the second channel.

13. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The radial length area covered by the sealing ring includes the radial length area covered by the shaft sealing ring, or The radial length area covered by the sealing ring overlaps the radial length area covered by the shaft sealing ring.

14. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The first radial hole is sealed towards the surroundings by means of a plug at least partially inserted into the first radial hole, and / or The second radial hole of the flange component opens into a second axial hole penetrating the housing component and opening into the interior space of the reducer. The second radial hole is sealed toward the surroundings by means of a plug at least partially inserted into the second radial hole.

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