Extrusion and / or pultrusion apparatus and method

Abstract

An extrusion or pultrusion device (1) for forming a profile product (2) in a manufacturing direction (Y), the device comprising: - a rotating die (3) having two opposite first and second side walls (5, 6) and an outer circumferential surface (4) between the first and second side walls (5, 6), wherein the rotating die (3) comprises a first side portion (23) connected with the first side wall, a second side portion (25) connected with the second side wall (6), and an intermediate portion (22) extending between the first and second side portions (23, 25), wherein the first and / or second side portion (23, 25) comprises a first and a second flange portion (18, 19) extending in a radial direction (R), the first and second flange portions (18, 19) extending more than at least a portion of the intermediate portion (22) in the radial direction (R).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an extrusion and / or pultrusion device for forming a profile product in a manufacturing direction, said device comprising:

[0002] a rotary mold extending in a radial direction and a width direction, the rotary mold having first and second opposite side walls and an outer circumferential surface extending in the width direction between the first and second side walls, wherein the rotary mold includes: a first side portion connected to the first side wall; a second side portion connected to the second side wall; and a middle portion extending between the first and second side portions;

[0003] as well as

[0004] a profile-defining area having a longitudinal direction, which coincides with the manufacturing direction; a height direction; and a width direction, which is perpendicular to the height direction, the profile-defining area comprising a through-channel comprising a first channel section and a subsequent second channel section located downstream of the first channel section with reference to the manufacturing direction, wherein the rotary die is rotatable about an axis extending transverse to the manufacturing direction and is arranged so as to allow the outer circumferential surface to exert pressure on the surface of the material as the material is fed through the profile-defining area when the rotary die is rotated,

[0005] - the first channel section is circumferentially delimited by one or more walls,

[0006] And among them,

[0007] - The second channel section is circumferentially bounded by:

[0008] - the circumferential surface of the rotating mold; and

[0009] - a channel portion, the channel portion comprising:

[0010] - a counter-support opposite the rotating mould; and

[0011] - first and second opposing channel portion side walls between the rotating mould and the counter-support.

[0012] The invention also relates to a method for producing profile products by using such an apparatus. Background Art

[0013] In the field of extrusion and / or pultrusion equipment it is known to use a rotating die in close downstream of a more traditional extrusion and / or pultrusion equipment using fixed or static walls. This type of extrusion with a rotating die is hereinafter referred to as 3D extrusion and involves a rotating die operating in a pressurized zone related to the more traditional extrusion and / or pultrusion part of the equipment, which distinguishes the 3D extrusion from calendering. The combination of static walls in the first channel section and a rotating die in the second channel section provides the benefit of manufacturing profile products at very high speed and maintaining a high quality of shape and impression. It is thus an efficient and relatively cheap manufacturing method that can be used for most materials that can be formed by using extrusion, i.e. all materials from e.g. plastic to aluminum. SUMMARY

[0014] However, with reference to the background art, there is a need for improved leakage protection at the part of the equipment where the first and second side walls of the rotating die meet the opposite first and second channel part side walls in the second channel section.

[0015] The present invention relates to an extrusion and / or pultrusion equipment for forming a profile product in a manufacturing direction, the equipment comprising:

[0016] - a rotating die extending in a radial direction and a width direction, the rotating die having two opposite first and second side walls and an outer circumferential surface extending between the first and second side walls in the width direction, wherein the rotating die comprises a first side part connected with the first side wall and a second side part connected with the second side wall, and an intermediate part extending between the first and second side parts;

[0017] and

[0018] - a profile defining zone having a longitudinal direction coinciding with the manufacturing direction, a height direction, and a width direction perpendicular to the height direction, the profile defining zone comprising a through channel comprising a first channel section and a subsequent second channel section located downstream of the first channel section with reference to the manufacturing direction, wherein the rotating die is rotatable about an axis extending transverse to the manufacturing direction and arranged to allow the outer circumferential surface to exert a pressure onto a surface of the material as the material is fed through the profile defining zone when the rotating die is rotated,

[0019] wherein

[0020] - the first channel section is circumferentially delimited by one or more walls,

[0021] and wherein

[0022] - the second channel section is circumferentially delimited by: - the first and second side walls of the rotating die, and

[0023] - the circumferential surface of the rotating mold; and

[0024] - a channel portion, the channel portion comprising:

[0025] - a counter-support opposite the rotating mould; and

[0026] - a first channel portion side wall and a second channel portion side wall facing each other between the rotating mould and the counter support,

[0027] wherein the first side portion comprises a first flange portion extending in the width direction and in the radial direction, the radial extension of the first flange portion exceeding the radial extension of at least a portion of the middle portion, and wherein the second side portion comprises a second flange portion extending in the width direction and in the radial direction, the radial extension of the second flange portion exceeding the radial extension of at least a portion of the middle portion.

[0028] One advantage is that the flange portion physically blocks material from flowing all the way to the first and second side walls of the rotating mold and thus to the first and second channel portion side walls.

[0029] In order to more easily explain the device, a cylindrical coordinate system is usually used for the rotating mold, and an orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system is used for the three-dimensional space of the device. Therefore, the rotating mold is described as having a width direction that is consistent with the center line about which the rotating mold rotates, that is, the rotation axis, and has a thickness in a radial direction orthogonal to the width direction. The outer circumferential surface further extends around the axis in a rotation direction perpendicular to the width direction. Here, rotational symmetry refers to the symmetrical arrangement or rotational balance arrangement of the object around the rotation axis in the rotating mold. Typically, the device, such as the profile defining area, the first channel section and the second channel section, is described as having a width direction, a height direction and a longitudinal direction, wherein the longitudinal direction is consistent with the overall manufacturing direction.

[0030] The rotary mold is arranged to be rotatable about an axis, and the axis may be directly or indirectly stored in the first channel portion sidewall and the second channel portion sidewall and rotatably coupled thereto.

[0031] With reference to the above coordinate system, it should be noted that the axis of the rotating mould may be arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, ie generally perpendicular to the manufacturing direction of the device, or may be arranged at an angle.

[0032] According to one example, the axis of the rotating mold is directed substantially perpendicular to the production direction, wherein the outer circumferential surface extends transversely to the production direction in the direction of its width.

[0033] According to one example, the axis of the rotating die generally coincides with the width direction of the apparatus, and the width direction of the rotating die generally coincides with the width direction of the apparatus. The longitudinal direction coincides with the manufacturing direction, i.e. with the main direction along which the material travels during manufacturing.

[0034] According to one example, the axis of the rotating die generally does not coincide with the width direction of the apparatus, but the axis of the rotating die and the width direction of the rotating die are arranged at an angle of less than or greater than 90° with the longitudinal direction. However, the axis of the rotating die is arranged such that the outer circumferential surface extends across the manufacturing direction along its width direction.

[0035] With reference to any one of the above two examples, the normal to the axis of the rotating die generally coincides with the height direction of the apparatus. Here, the normal coincides with the radial direction of the rotating die. Here, the axis of the rotating die is generally directed perpendicular to the normal of the manufacturing direction, regardless of whether the axis of the rotating die coincides with the width direction of the apparatus. However, according to one example, the normal to the axis of the rotating die can generally be arranged at an angle with the height direction of the apparatus. However, the axis of the rotating die is arranged such that the outer circumferential surface extends across the manufacturing direction along its width direction, but is arranged at an angle to the manufacturing direction.

[0036] According to one example, the first flange portion comprises a first outer circumferential surface delimiting the first flange portion in the rotational direction, and wherein the second flange portion comprises a second outer circumferential surface delimiting the second flange portion in the rotational direction.

[0037] It should be noted that the first side portion and / or the second side portion can comprise the first flange portion and / or the second flange portion in different ways.

[0038] According to one example, the first side portion and / or the second side portion comprises only a flange portion in the first side portion and the second side portion. Here, there is a transition from the intermediate portion to the respective flange portion, which coincides with the transition from the intermediate portion to each of the first side portion and the second side portion.

[0039] According to another example, the first side portion and the second side portion comprise a first flange portion and a second flange portion, respectively, and each of the first side portion and the second side portion comprises a first additional portion extending along the width direction of the rotating die.

[0040] According to one example, the first additional portion is arranged immediately adjacent to the intermediate portion, and there is a transition from the intermediate portion to the first additional side portion, which is in line with the transition from the intermediate portion to each of the first and second side portions. Thus, the first additional portion in the first side portion extends between the first flange portion and the intermediate portion, and thus, the first additional portion in the second side portion extends between the second flange portion and the intermediate portion. The first additional portion may, for example, comprise a recess according to the examples described below or a portion having the same radial extension as the intermediate portion but with different characteristics.

[0041] According to one example, the first and / or second flange portion is arranged immediately adjacent to the intermediate portion, and there is a transition from the intermediate portion to the first and / or second flange portion, which is in line with the transition from the intermediate portion to each of the first and second side portions. Here, the first additional side portion in the first side portion is arranged between the first side wall and the first flange portion, and the first additional side portion in the second side portion is arranged between the second side wall and the second flange portion.

[0042] According to one example, the first and / or second side portion comprises the first and second flange portions arranged at a distance from the intermediate portion, wherein the second additional portion extends along the width direction of the rotating die between the intermediate portion and the first additional side portion, and there is a transition from the intermediate portion to each of the flange portions, which is not in line with the transition from the intermediate portion to each of the first and second side portions. The second additional portion differs in some aspects from similar aspects of the intermediate portion, for example, the second additional portion can be textured or untextured or have a different material than the intermediate portion.

[0043] According to one example, the first and / or second side portion comprises a combination of the above-described first and second flange portions and the first and second additional portions.

[0044] According to one example, the first and second outer circumferential surfaces follow the contour of the intermediate portion, i.e. have the same geometric shape or form, but with different radial extensions. One advantage is that the overall shape of the profile product is consistent.

[0045] According to one example, the first and / or second outer circumferential surface is arranged in a wavy manner, i.e. the first and / or second flange portion is arranged in a gear-like shape. According to one example, the first and / or second outer circumferential surface is arranged in a smooth ring shape, i.e. the first and / or second flange portion is arranged in a circular or oval shape.

[0046] According to one example, the first flange portion and the second flange portion are rotationally symmetric about the axis of the rotating mould.One advantage is that when the rotating mould rotates at high speeds, oscillations are less of a problem.

[0047] It is possible to use additional leakage strategies in conjunction with the flange portions described above.

[0048] The first side portion and / or the second side portion include one or more recesses extending in the width direction, in the rotational direction, i.e., in a circumferential direction perpendicular to the width direction, and in the radial direction. The recesses have a radial extension that is smaller than the radial extension of at least a portion of the middle portion. The one or more recesses are arranged between the first flange portion and the middle portion, and / or the one or more recesses are arranged between the second flange portion and the middle portion.

[0049] One advantage of this apparatus is that the one or more recesses create a space with reduced pressure in the first and / or second side portions, compared to other portions of the rotary mold that are located axially closer to the center of the rotary mold (i.e., located along the width of the rotary mold) than the one or more recesses. This reduced pressure reduces and / or eliminates leakage issues at the intersection of the first and second sidewalls of the rotary mold and the opposing first and second channel portion sidewalls in the second channel section. This is because the processed material can flow toward the first and second flange portions, but the reduced pressure on the material inherently slows the flow. Depending on the design, the material flow can be stopped before reaching the first and second flange portions of the rotary mold, or the material flow can be allowed to flow at a controlled rate to impact the first and second flange portions, but with a predetermined tolerance between the first and second sidewalls of the rotary mold and the first and second channel portion sidewalls to prevent leakage. This tolerance also depends on the material being processed: more fluid materials require a smaller tolerance, i.e., a smaller distance, between the rotary mold and the first and second channel portion sidewalls, while less fluid materials can tolerate a larger tolerance, i.e., a larger distance. The flow of material also depends on the shape and form of the rotating mold and its position relative to the shape and form of the first channel section. For example, a rotating mold that is thicker in the radial center than at the sides will generate greater pressure in the center, and therefore greater flow toward the first and second side walls of the rotating mold, compared to a rotating mold that is smaller in the radial center than at the sides.

[0050] Thus, the first side wall and the second side wall are positioned relative to the first channel portion side wall and the second channel portion side wall such that the first side wall and the second side wall are rotatably connected to the first channel portion side wall and the second channel portion side wall with a tolerance, wherein the tolerance is arranged according to the product material and the geometric relationship between the first channel segment and the second channel segment.

[0051] The size of the recess depends on many parameters and needs to be designed depending on, for example, the material to be processed, the shape and form of the rotating mould and the relationship between the shape and form of the first and second channel sections.

[0052] The dimensions of the recess—i.e., its extension in the width direction, in the rotational direction (i.e., the circumferential direction perpendicular to the width direction), and its depth—define the size of the space into which the material can flow and, therefore, the possibility of determining how much the pressure should be reduced in the recess compared to at least a portion of the central portion. As a rule of thumb, the larger the space, the greater the pressure reduction. However, the shape of the recess also influences the gradient of the pressure difference. For example, a step (i.e., a 90° drop) produces a more direct pressure drop than an inclined surface.

[0053] It should be noted that one or both of the first side portion and the second side portion include a recess. According to one example, the recess is an annular recess, i.e., extends circumferentially around the axis of rotation. According to one example, the first side portion and / or the second side portion include one or more recesses that are not annular but are arranged as one or more individual recesses. Each individual recess has an extension along the width direction, the rotation direction, i.e., a circumferential direction perpendicular to the width direction, and a radial direction. The individual recesses can have similar or different shapes and are advantageous. The individual recesses can be arranged in different patterns extending circumferentially around the axis of rotation. The individual recesses can be arranged in a single row of recesses extending circumferentially around the axis of rotation, or can be arranged as two or more rows of recesses arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction. The two or more rows of recesses can be arranged so that one or more recesses are arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction or offset from each other in the circumferential direction. The individual recesses in different rows can have the same or different numbers of recesses.

[0054] It should be noted that the first side portion and / or the second side portion may comprise the recess in different ways.

[0055] According to one example, the recess is arranged next to the middle portion and there is a transition from the middle portion to the recess that coincides with a transition from the middle portion to each of the first and second side portions.

[0056] According to one example, the recess is positioned at a distance from the middle portion, wherein the second additional portion extends in the width direction of the rotating mold between the middle portion and the recess, and there is a transition from the middle portion to the recess that is not consistent with a transition from the middle portion to each of the first and second side portions, but is consistent with a transition between the second additional portion and the recess. The second additional portion differs in some respects from similar aspects of the middle portion, for example, the second additional portion may be textured or untextured or comprise a different material than the middle portion.

[0057] According to one example, the first side portion and / or the second side portion comprises a combination of the above-mentioned flange portion, recesses and first and second additional portions.

[0058] According to one example, the one or more recesses follow the contour of the intermediate portion. One advantage is that the overall shape of the profile product is consistent.

[0059] According to one example, the one or more recesses are rotationally symmetric around the axis of the rotating die, i.e. have the same geometry or form, but with different radial extension. One advantage is that there are less oscillation problems when the rotating die is rotated at high speed.

[0060] Thus, the recesses are recesses in the rotating die or parts of the rotating die that have a smaller radial extension compared to other parts of the rotating die.

[0061] In this example embodiment, the recesses are advantageously positioned in close connection with the flange portion and locally reduce the pressure to further reduce the material flow towards the first and second channel portion side walls.

[0062] Further strategies in connection with the flange portion and / or the one or more recesses for local pressure reduction are possible.

[0063] According to one example, the one or more walls define a first cross section at the end of the first channel section, and wherein the second channel section defines a second cross section at a position where the distance between the circumferential surface and the counter bearing is at a minimum. As mentioned above, the geometry of the first channel section is different from the geometry of the second channel section, such that the material passing through the first channel section changes form when entering the second channel section. The change of form is essential to increase or keep the pressure level to a level such that the pressure will overcome the internal resistance (shear stress) of the material fast enough for the material to fill the second cross section, including the impression of the rotating die.

[0064] According to one example, the minimum distance in the height direction between the circumferential surface and the counter bearing in the second cross section is smaller than the maximum distance in the height direction in the first cross section. This has the advantage that the material entering the second channel section will be compressed in the second channel section, such that the pressure is increased or kept to a level such that the material will change fast enough to fill the second channel section, including the impression of the rotating die.

[0065] Thus, the pressure is increased or maintained at a level such that the material will transform quickly enough to fill the second channel segment, thereby comprising the impression of the rotating mold. This pressure is achieved by a combination of the impression depth of the pattern in the circumferential surface and the Poisson effect and / or a combination of the shape transformation due to the difference in geometry between the first and second cross-sections and the Poisson effect.

[0066] Localized pressure reduction may be achieved by using additional strategies in conjunction with the annular recess or recesses described above.

[0067] Due to the geometrical differences in the first and second channel sections and the wake effect downstream of the first channel section associated with the first and / or second side sections, a local pressure reduction is achieved with respect to the first and / or second side sections.

[0068] According to one example, the first channel section comprises a third side portion extending in the width direction, wherein the third side portion is arranged relative to the first side portion such that a pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the first side portion is lower than a pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the third side portion,

[0069] and / or,

[0070] The first channel section includes a fourth side portion extending in the width direction, wherein the fourth side portion is arranged relative to the second side portion such that a pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the second side portion is lower than a pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the fourth side portion. One advantage is that the third and fourth side portions generate a wake effect, and thus, a local pressure reduction downstream of the third and fourth side portions further reduces the local pressure in the first and second side portions of the rotating die.

[0071] According to one example, the first channel segment comprises a leeward device connected to the third side portion and / or the fourth side portion, the leeward device being arranged to reduce a space of the first channel segment in a height direction perpendicular to the width direction.

[0072] According to one example, the first channel section comprises a leeward device connected to the third side portion and / or the fourth side portion, the leeward device being arranged to reduce the space of the first channel section in the width direction. Combinations of leeward devices are also possible.

[0073] According to one example, the leeward device is a raised portion facing the through-channel. The raised portion can be arranged from top to bottom in the first channel section, or can be arranged as a portion or portions along the distance between the top and bottom of the first channel section. The leeward device is advantageously positioned in connection with the first and second side portions of the rotating mold.

[0074] One advantage of the leeward arrangement is that the third and fourth side portions further reduce the local pressure on the recesses in the first and second side portions of the rotating mould.

[0075] According to one example, the second channel segment is arranged relative to the first channel segment in such a way that a predetermined second distance between a radially outermost portion of the circumferential surface of the rotating mold and a counter-support in the channel segment is smaller than a predetermined first distance between the most distant portions of the first channel segment taken in a height direction coinciding with the radial direction.

[0076] and / or where:

[0077] The second channel section is arranged relative to the first channel section so that a predetermined fourth distance between innermost narrow portions of the channel sections in the width direction is greater than a predetermined third distance between side walls in the first channel taken in the width direction at an outlet area of ​​the first channel section.

[0078] One advantage is that due to the wider second channel section, the narrower first channel section creates a wake effect with reduced pressure downstream of the first channel section and associated with the first and second side portions of the rotating mold.

[0079] According to one example, the circumferential surface comprises a textured portion.The entire circumferential surface may be textured, but as an alternative only a portion may be textured.

[0080] According to one example related to the above example embodiment having a flange portion, the first side portion includes a non-textured portion extending between the first flange portion and the textured portion, and wherein the second side portion includes a non-textured portion extending between the second flange portion and the textured portion.

[0081] Advantageously, the non-textured portion has a radius that is smaller than the radius of the embossing depth to the textured portion.

[0082] According to one example, the circumferential surface is texture-free or has a micro-pattern that leaves only minimal impressions on the profile product that may or may not be visible to the human eye.

[0083] According to one example, the channel portion includes a second rotary mold positioned opposite the first rotary mold. The second rotary mold can replace the counter-bearing member in its entirety, or can be part of a static counter-bearing member. The second rotary mold can be arranged in a similar manner to the first rotary mold to produce the same or different patterns on both sides of the profile product. The second rotary mold can include recesses and / or flanges that can be arranged to mate with the recesses and / or flanges of the first rotary mold.

[0084] According to one example, the channel portion includes a third rotary mold arranged at an angle to the first rotary mold. The rotary mold completely or partially replaces the opposing sidewalls of the first channel portion or the second channel portion. The third rotary mold can be arranged only with the first rotary mold, or with both the first and second rotary molds.

[0085] According to one example, the channel portion includes a fourth rotary mold arranged opposite to the third rotary mold.The fourth rotary mold may be arranged only with the first rotary mold, or with both the first rotary mold and the second rotary mold.

[0086] The third and / or fourth rotary molds can be arranged in a similar manner to the first rotary mold described above to produce the same or different patterns on both sides of the profile product. The second rotary mold can include recessed portions and / or flange portions that can be arranged to mate with the recessed portions and / or flange portions of the first rotary mold.

[0087] According to one example, two or more rotating dies are synchronized. This has the advantage of feeding the material at the same speed. However, non-synchronized rotating dies can also be used to generate friction and / or special patterns and / or to compensate for material differences.

[0088] In all of the above examples, a combination of textured and non-textured rotational dies may be used.

[0089] The invention also relates to a method for producing a profile product by using an apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises:

[0090] - feeding material to the first channel section and forming the material in the first channel section;

[0091] - feeding the material further to the second channel section and shaping the material in the second channel section.

[0092] The material fed into the apparatus to form the profile product can be in the form of a homogeneous material or a mixture of two or more materials. The materials can be mixed in different proportions and can be mixed into a homogeneous mixture or a mixture with a gradient within the material. One material can be solid, and the other can be moldable, such as stone and rubber. The material can also be a layered material comprising two or more layers of the same or different materials. The material can include one or more strands of solid material, such as a thread or another reinforcing material, throughout the entire extrusion or pultrusion process.

[0093] At least a portion of the material should be plastically deformable when subjected to pressure applied in the first channel section and / or the second channel section. Such materials are generally denoted as viscoelastic and / or viscoplastic materials.

[0094] Furthermore, here, extrusion refers to a process in which material is fed into a first channel section by pressure to be shaped in the first and second channel sections. Pultrusion involves the material to be shaped being fed to an apparatus and being pulled through the first and second channel sections. It should be noted that the apparatus can be configured for extrusion only, pultrusion only, or a combination of both.

[0095] The apparatus can be arranged for coextrusion with one or more inlet channels connected to the first channel section. Thus, one or more materials can be fed to the first channel section via one channel, but two or more materials can be fed to the first channel section via one inlet channel or multiple channel inlets. The number of multiple inlet channels can be the same as the number of materials, or if two or more materials are fed via one inlet channel, the number of multiple inlet channels can be less than the number of materials.

[0096] It should be noted that the invention can vary within the scope of the claims and that the examples described above and below should not be considered as limiting the invention.

[0097] For example, the first channel section may be circumferentially bounded by static walls or may be arranged with one or more dynamic walls, as long as the material can be extruded or pultruded with the apparatus according to the invention.Static walls have the advantage of being cheap and strong.

[0098] According to one example, the first channel section can be arranged centrally relative to the second channel. This has the advantage of uniformly distributed material flow into the second channel. The first side portion and the second side portion can be arranged centrally relative to the first channel section, which has the advantage of uniformly distributed pressure reduction on the rotating mold.

[0099] For example, the device may include several rotating devices arranged side by side, that is, the rotating device may include two or more rotating devices having a common axis of rotation. Different rotating devices may be arranged in a separate second channel, or may be arranged in a common separate channel. Different rotating devices may have the same or different textures to produce the same or different patterns on the profile product. The molded product may therefore include one or more strands of internal profile extending along the manufacturing direction and produced by different rotating devices. The different strands may be separated into separate products at predetermined separation lines, which may be consistent with the separation of different rotating devices. However, a single rotary mold may include patterns / textures that separate similar or different patterns, so that the molded product includes one or more strands of internal profile extending along the manufacturing direction. Similarly, here, in the molded product, the strands may be separable.

[0100] According to one example, one side portion, ie the first side portion or the second side portion, comprises a flange but no recess, and the other side portion, ie the first side portion or the second side portion, comprises a recess but no flange.

[0101] The first and second side walls are positioned relative to the first and second channel portion side walls so that the first and second side walls are rotatably connected to the first and second channel portion side walls, which has the advantageous possibility of larger tolerances due to the following leakage strategy, and / or the use of one or more recesses, and / or the use of one or more flange portions: in this leakage strategy, the width of the first channel segment is less than the distance between the two opposite side walls of the rotating mold at least along a portion of the length of the first channel segment and at least along a portion of the height of the first channel segment. Therefore, at least the width of the first channel segment should be less than the distance between the opposite first and second channel portion side walls in the second channel segment. The width difference between the first and second channel segments depends on the characteristics of the first and second side portions and the tolerances between the rotating mold and the corresponding opposite first and second channel portion side walls. The width of the first channel section should be less than the sum of the distances between the opposing first and second channel section sidewalls less a tolerance, i.e., the sum of the gaps between the rotating mold sidewalls and the corresponding opposing first and second channel section sidewalls in the second channel section. As further explained below, if the first and second side sections include flange portions, the width of the first channel section is less than the distance between the two flange portions along at least a portion of the length of the first channel section and along at least a portion of the height of the first channel section.

[0102] One advantage here is that due to the geometrical differences in the first channel section and the second channel section a local pressure reduction is achieved with respect to the first outer edge portion and the second outer edge portion.

[0103] In addition, profile products refer to products with three-dimensional form, i.e., length, width and height. Profile products can have a cross section taken along the width and height planes, which is similar or can be different depending on the position in the length over the entire length. The cross section can have any suitable two-dimensional shape, such as circular, oval, elliptical, i.e., two edges, wavy, three or more edges or a combination thereof. One or more sides can be patterned, i.e., textured to have one or more patterns. Pattern / texture is produced by a rotary die.

[0104] The rotary mould may be mounted on an axis or may be arranged with the axis incorporated into the rotary mould body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0105] The present invention will be described below with reference to a number of accompanying drawings, in which:

[0106] Figure 1 Schematically shows a device according to an example of the present invention along Figure 2 Section AA in FIG is a view from below;

[0107] Figure 2 Schematically shows a cutaway perspective side view of an apparatus according to the invention;

[0108] Figure 3a schematically illustrates a front view of an example of a rotational mold;

[0109] Figure 3b Schematically shows Figure 3a A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in FIG;

[0110] Figure 3c schematically illustrates a front view of an example of a rotational mold;

[0111] Figure 3d Schematically shows Figure 3c A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in FIG;

[0112] Figure 3e schematically illustrates a front view of an example of a rotational mold;

[0113] Figure 3f Schematically shows Figure 3e A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in FIG;

[0114] Figure 4a Schematically shows a rear view and an outlet of an example of an apparatus according to the invention;

[0115] Figure 4b Schematically shows Figure 4a A perspective view of the device in FIG.

[0116] Figure 4c Schematically shows a rear view and an outlet of a device according to the invention;

[0117] Figure 4d Schematically shows Figure 4c A perspective view of the device in FIG.

[0118] Figure 5 schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of an apparatus according to one example of the present invention;

[0119] Figure 6 Schematically shows a perspective rear view and an outlet of a device according to one example of the present invention;

[0120] Figure 7 Schematically shows a perspective rear view of the device according to the invention and an outlet;

[0121] Figure 8 Schematically shows Figure 7 an enlarged view of a portion of the device;

[0122] Figure 9 schematically illustrates a front view of an example of a rotational mold;

[0123] Figure 10 Schematically shows Figure 9 A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in FIG;

[0124] Figure 11 schematically illustrates a front view of an example of a rotational mold;

[0125] Figure 12 Schematically shows Figure 11 A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in FIG;

[0126] Figure 13 The apparatus according to the invention is schematically shown along Figure 2 Section AA in FIG is a cross-sectional view viewed from below;

[0127] Figure 14 Schematically shows Figure 13 an enlarged view of a portion of the device;

[0128] Figure 15 Schematically shows a device according to an example of the present invention along Figure 2 Section AA in FIG is a cross-sectional view viewed from below;

[0129] Figure 16 a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated; Figure 15 a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0130] Figure 17 a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0131] Figure 18 a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated; Figure 17 a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0132] Figure 19 a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0133] Figure 20 a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated; Figure 19 a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0134] Figure 21a a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0135] Figure 21b a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated; Figure 21a a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0136] Figure 21c a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0137] Figure 21d a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated; Figure 21c a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0138] Figure 21e a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0139] Figure 21f a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated; and wherein, Figure 21e a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the present invention comprising two rotating dies are schematically illustrated;

[0140] Figure 22 a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a profile product by using a device according to the present invention is schematically illustrated. Figures 1 to 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0141] The present invention will be described below in connection with a number of drawings. In all drawings, like features will be denoted by like reference numerals.

[0142] ​Here, the front view with the inlet and the rear view with the outlet are used as the orientation of the reader with respect to the manufacturing direction, in which the material to be processed is inserted into the inlet and the profile product is shaped in the device and then exits the device via the outlet.

[0143] In some of the figures, the manufacturing direction is indicated as PD with an arrow pointing in the manufacturing direction.

[0144] Figure 1 schematically shows a view from below of the cross-section A-A in Figure 1 of the device in Figure 2 schematically shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the device in Figure 1 of the device in Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows an extrusion and / or pultrusion device 1 for extruding or pultruding a material to form a profile product 2 in a manufacturing direction Y, the device comprising:

[0145] - a rotating die 3 extending in a radial R direction and in a width direction X, the rotating die 3 having two opposite first and second side walls 5, 6 and an outer circumferential surface 4 extending between the first and second side walls 5, 6 in the width direction X, wherein the rotating die 3 comprises a first side portion 23 connected with the first side wall 5 and a second side portion 25 connected with the second side wall 6, and an intermediate portion 22 extending between the first and second side portions 23, 25;

[0146] and

[0147] - a profile defining zone 7 having a longitudinal direction Y coinciding with the manufacturing direction Y, a height direction Z, and a width direction X perpendicular to the height direction Z, the profile defining zone 7 comprising a through passage 8 comprising a first passage section 9 and a subsequent second passage section 10 located downstream of the first passage section 9 with respect to the manufacturing direction, wherein the rotating die 3 is rotatable about an axis extending transverse to the manufacturing direction Y and arranged to allow the outer circumferential surface 4 to exert a pressure onto a surface of the material as the material is fed through the profile defining zone 7 when the rotating die 3 is rotated,

[0148] wherein,

[0149] - the first passage section 9 is circumferentially bounded by one or more walls 11,

[0150] and wherein,

[0151] - the second passage section 10 is circumferentially bounded by:

[0152] - the circumferential surface 4 of the rotating mould 3; and

[0153] - a channel portion 13, the channel portion 13 comprising:

[0154] - a counter-support 14 opposite to the rotating mould 3; and

[0155] - first and second opposite channel portion side walls 15 , 16 between the rotating mould 3 and the counter-support 14 .

[0156] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment, the first side portion 23 includes a first flange portion 18 extending in the width direction X and the radial direction R, the extension of the first flange portion 18 in the radial direction R exceeds the radial extension of at least a portion of the middle portion 22, and wherein the second side portion 25 includes a second flange portion 19 extending in the width direction X and the radial direction, the extension of the second flange portion 19 in the radial direction exceeds the radial extension of at least a portion of the middle portion 22.

[0157] The first and second flange portions 18 and 19 are arranged to prevent material outside the rotating mold 3 from moving in a direction toward the opposite first and second channel portion side walls 15 and 16 .

[0158] The first flange portion 18 comprises a first outer circumferential surface 18 which delimits the first flange portion 18 in the direction of rotation R, and wherein the second flange portion 19 comprises a second outer circumferential surface 21 which delimits the second flange portion 19 in the direction of rotation. The first outer circumferential surface 20 and the second outer circumferential surface 21 are arranged at an angle of between 1 and 90 degrees relative to the first and second side walls 5, 6, respectively, radially increasing towards the first and second side walls 5, 6, respectively.

[0159] Figure 3a A front view of an example of a rotational mold is schematically shown, and Figure 3b Schematically shows Figure 3a A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in FIG. Figure 3a and Figure 3b It is shown that the first flange portion 18 extends in the radial direction R, the extension of the first flange portion 18 exceeds the radial extension of the entire middle portion 22, and wherein the second flange portion 19 extends in the radial direction, the extension of the second flange portion 19 exceeds the radial extension of the entire middle portion 22. However, the radial extension of the middle portion 22 may vary or may not vary, as shown. Figure 3a and Figure 3b shown.

[0160] Figure 3cA front view of an example of a rotational mold is schematically shown, and Figure 3d Schematically shows Figure 3c A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in FIG. Figure 3c and Figure 3d The first flange portion 18 is shown extending in the radial direction R, the extension of the first flange portion 18 exceeding the radial extension of a portion of the intermediate portion 22 , but a portion of the intermediate portion has a radial extension exceeding the radial extension of the first flange portion 18 . Figure 3c and Figure 3d It is also shown that the second flange portion 19 extends in the radial direction R, the extension of the second flange portion 19 exceeds the radial extension of a part of the middle portion 22, but a part of the middle portion has a radial extension that exceeds the radial extension of the second flange portion 18. However, the radial extension of the middle portion 22 may have further variations or may not have further variations, such as Figure 3a and Figure 3b shown.

[0161] Figure 3e A front view of an example of a rotational mold is schematically shown, and Figure 3f Schematically shows Figure 3e A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in FIG. Figure 3e and Figure 3f It is shown that the first and second outer circumferential surfaces 20 and 21 are arranged at an angle of less than 90 degrees compared to the first and second side walls 5 and 6 , respectively, radially increasing towards the first and second side walls 5 and 6 , respectively. Figures 3a to 3d It is shown that the first and second outer circumferential surfaces 20 and 21 are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees compared to the first and second side walls 5 and 6 , respectively, radially increasing towards the first and second side walls 5 and 6 , respectively.

[0162] Figure 4a schematically shows a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the invention, and Figure 4b Schematically shows Figure 4a A perspective view of the device in FIG. Figure 4a and Figure 4b It is shown that the first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19 are arranged at a distance from the counter support 14 that is small enough to surround the entire profile product 2 so that the width of the profile product is defined and equal to the width of the middle portion, i.e. the distance between the first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19.

[0163] Figure 4c schematically shows a rear view and an outlet of an example of a device according to the invention, and Figure 4d Schematically shows Figure 4c A perspective view of the device in FIG. Figure 4cand Figure 4d It is shown that the first and second flange portions 18, 19 are arranged at a distance from the counter bearing 14 which is large enough to allow material to be located in the second channel section between the first and second flange portions 18, 19 and the counter bearing 14. Thus, the first and second flange portions 18, 19 enclose a portion of the profile product 2 such that the width of the portion of the profile product is defined and equal to the width of the intermediate portion, i.e. the distance between the first and second flange portions 18, 19. This embodiment is suitable for certain high viscosity materials, i.e. materials that flow slowly, but the embodiment can also be permissible in case the first and second flange portions 18, 19 are used in combination with further leakage protection strategies and means.

[0164] In Figure 1 to Fig. 4, the first and second outer circumferential surfaces 20, 21 follow the contour of the intermediate portion 22 and the first and second flange portions 18, 19 are rotationally symmetric around the axis of the rotating die 3. Depending on the design and type of the profile product to be manufactured, the flange portions 18, 19 can have different shapes and can be arranged asymmetrically, as long as the flange portions 18, 19 effectively hinder the movement of the material.

[0165] Figure 1 and Figures 5 to 20 It is shown that further leakage protection strategies and means are arranged for a local pressure reduction in the first and second side portions 23, 25 of the rotating die 3.

[0166] Figure 1 It is shown that the rotating die 3 comprises an annular recess 29 arranged in connection with the first and second flange portions 18, 19. This has the advantage that the movement of the material is further hindered due to the pressure reduction, which will be discussed further in connection with Figures 5 to 20 It is shown that the rotating die 3 comprises an annular recess 29 arranged in connection with the first and second flange portions 18, 19. This has the advantage that the movement of the material is further hindered due to the pressure reduction, which will be discussed further in connection with Figures 5 to 20 It is shown that the rotating die 3 comprises an annular recess 29 arranged in connection with the first and second flange portions 18, 19. This has the advantage that the movement of the material is further hindered due to the pressure reduction, which will be discussed further in connection with

[0167] Figure 5 A cross-sectional side view of the apparatus according to the present application is shown schematically and Figure 6 A perspective rear view and an outlet of the apparatus in Figure 5 are shown schematically. Figure 5 and Figure 6 It is shown that the first and second flange portions 18, 19 are arranged at a distance from the counter bearing 14 which is large enough to allow material to be located in the second channel section between the first and second flange portions 18, 19 and the counter bearing 14. Thus, the first and second flange portions 18, 19 enclose a portion of the profile product 2 such that the width of the portion of the profile product is defined and equal to the width of the intermediate portion, i.e. the distance between the first and second flange portions 18, 19. This embodiment is suitable for certain high viscosity materials, i.e. materials that flow slowly, but the embodiment can also be permissible in case the first and second flange portions 18, 19 are used in combination with further leakage protection strategies and means.

[0168] The depth of the annular recess 29 depends on the material, the design of the rotating mold, the geometry of the first channel section and the second channel section, and can vary between any values ​​from one millimeter to one or more parts of several centimeters, as long as the local pressure is reduced enough to ensure the prevention of leakage due to the reduction in the flow velocity in the material.

[0169] Figure 7 Schematically shows a rear view and an outlet of the device according to the invention, and Figure 8 Schematically shows Figure 7 An enlarged view of a portion of the device.

[0170] Figure 9 A front view of an example of a rotational mold is schematically shown, and Figure 10 Schematically shows Figure 9 A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in Figure 9 and Figure 10 In the embodiment, the diameter of the middle portion 22 of the rotating mold is larger than the diameter of the annular recess 29 in the first side portion 23 and the second side portion 25. Figure 9 In the embodiment of the present invention, the recess 29 has a smaller radial extension than the other parts of the rotating mold 3, a smooth transition from the middle portion 22 to the recess 29, and a continuous smooth curve from the middle portion 22 through the recess 29 to the respective first and second side walls 5, 6. The recess 29 can be arranged in the form of a step effect or in the form of a recess, i.e., an annular recess. The recess can be arranged in the form of a 90-degree step, but the step can be arranged as an inclined portion as depicted, but can also have an arc shape, such as a concave recess. The angle of the inclined portion can be between 1 degree and 90 degrees, radially decreasing towards the first and second side walls 5, 6, respectively, compared to the first and second side walls, 6, respectively.

[0171] The recess or depression 29 may also be an annular concave surface that produces a localized pressure reduction relative to the adjacent intermediate portion 22. Any combination is possible as long as the desired localized pressure reduction is achieved compared to at least a portion of the intermediate portion.

[0172] Figure 11 A front view of another example of a rotational mold is schematically shown, and Figure 12 Schematically shows Figure 11 A three-dimensional view of the rotating mold in Figure 11 and Figure 12 , a portion of the middle portion 22 of the rotating mold has a diameter smaller than the diameters of the annular recesses 29 in the first and second side portions 23 and 25 , but other portions of the middle portion 22 have a diameter larger than the diameters of the annular recesses 29 in the first and second side portions 23 and 25 .

[0173] exist Figure 1 and Figures 5 to 20 , it is shown that both the first side portion 23 and the second side portion 25 include the annular recess 29 , but according to a different example (not shown), only one of the first side portion 23 and the second side portion 25 may include the annular recess 29 .

[0174] Figure 1 and Figures 5 to 20 It is shown that the diameter, i.e. the extension in the radial direction, of at least one section / portion of the middle portion 22 is greater than the diameter, i.e. the extension in the radial direction, of the annular recess 29. One advantage of this diameter difference is that the material flowing in the direction towards the first and second side walls 5, 6 will lose momentum and speed due to the reduced pressure in the annular recess 29 in the first and second side portions 23, 25.

[0175] exist Figure 1 and Figures 5 to 20 In the embodiment, the recess 29 follows the contour of the middle part 22, which has the advantage of a uniform pressure reduction in this area. However, in another example (not shown), it is possible to have an annular recess with a different diameter than the middle part, or a rotationally symmetrical annular recess when the middle part has a non-rotationally symmetrical part.

[0176] Figure 1 and Figures 5 to 20 The recess 29 is shown to be rotationally symmetrical about the axis of the rotating mould 3 , but as mentioned above, other designs are possible.

[0177] Figure 5 It is shown that the wall 11 is static and defines a first cross-section 12 at the end of the first channel segment 9, and wherein the second channel segment 10 defines a second cross-section 17 at a location where the distance D2 between the circumferential surface 4 and the counter-support 14 is at a minimum, and wherein the geometry of the first channel segment 9 differs from the geometry of the second channel segment 10, so that material passing through the first channel segment 9 changes form when entering the second channel segment 10.

[0178] The minimum distance D2 in the height direction Z between the circumferential surface 4 and the counter-support 14 in the second cross section 17 is smaller than the maximum distance D1 in the height direction in the first cross section 12. This has the advantage that the material is forced to change form and begin to flow in various directions depending on the shape and form of the rotating mold 3 and the shape and form of the counter-support 14 opposite to the rotating mold 3.

[0179] The pressure is increased or maintained to a level such that the material will convert quickly enough to fill the second channel section, thereby comprising an impression of the rotating mould.

[0180] If combined Figure 1 and Figures 5 to 20 As described in the description of the first channel section 9 and the second channel section 10, and in particular due to the annular recess, a local pressure reduction is achieved with respect to the first side portion 23 and the second side portion 25.

[0181] Figure 1 and Figures 13 to 16 Further strategies for local pressure reduction in combination with one or more annular recesses as described in connection with Figure 1 and Figures 5 to 20 are shown.

[0182] Figure 13 A view from below of the device according to the application is schematically shown in Figure 2 along the cross-section A-A in Figure 14 and Figure 13 schematically shows an enlarged view of a part of the device in Figure 15 A view from below of the device according to one example of the application is schematically shown in Figure 2 along the cross-section A-A in Figure 16 and Figure 15 schematically shows an enlarged view of a part of the device in Figure 1 It is shown that the rotating die 3 comprises a flange portion 18, 19, and Figure 13 It is shown that the rotating die comprises a recess 29, and Figure 15 It is shown that the rotating die 3 comprises untextured portions or zones in the first side portion 23 and the second side portion 25. It is to be understood - also shown in Figure 1 - that the leakage protection strategy can comprise one, two or all leakage protection strategies.

[0183] In Figure 1 and Figures 13 to 16 the first channel section 9 comprises a third side portion 24 extending in the width direction X, wherein the third side portion 24 is arranged relative to the first side portion 23 such that the pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the first side portion 23 is smaller than the pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the third side portion 24,

[0184] and / or

[0185] wherein the first channel section 9 comprises a fourth side portion 26 extending in the width direction X, wherein the fourth side portion 26 is arranged relative to the second side portion 25 such that the pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the second side portion 25 is smaller than the pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the fourth side portion 26.

[0186] Figure 1 and Figures 13 to 16It is shown that the first channel section 9 includes a leeward device 27 connected to the third side portion 24 and / or the fourth side portion 26, and the leeward device 27 is arranged to reduce the space of the first channel section 9 in the height direction Z perpendicular to the width direction X, and wherein the first channel section 9 includes a leeward device 28 connected to the third side portion 24 and / or the fourth side portion 26, and the leeward device 28 is arranged to reduce the space of the first channel section 9 in the width direction X.

[0187] like Figure 1 and Figures 13 to 16 As shown, the leeward devices 27 , 28 comprise a raised portion facing the through-channel 8 .

[0188] Reference Figures 1 to 16 , the second channel section 10 is advantageously arranged relative to the first channel section 9 in such a manner that: Figure 5 The predetermined second distance D2 between the radially outermost portion of the circumferential surface 4 of the rotating mold 3 and the counter support 14 in the channel portion 13 is less than Figure 5 The predetermined first distance D1 between the most distant parts of the first channel segment 9 taken along the height direction Z coinciding with the radial direction shown in FIG,

[0189] and / or where

[0190] The second channel section 10 is arranged relative to the first channel section 9 such that: Figure 1 、 Figure 13 and Figure 15 The predetermined fourth distance D4 between the innermost narrowest portions of the channel portion 13 in the width direction X shown in FIG. Figure 1 、 Figure 13 and Figure 15 , a predetermined third distance D3 between the side walls in the first channel section taken along the width direction X at the outlet area of ​​the first channel is shown in . This change in both height and width forces the material to reshape, and the narrower first channel section creates a locally reduced pressure when entering the channel section because the first and second side portions are in the wake, i.e., behind the side walls in the first channel.

[0191] In addition, refer to Figures 1 to 16 The first side wall 5 and the second side wall 6 are positioned relative to the first channel portion side wall 15 and the second channel portion side wall 16 so that the first side wall 5 and the second side wall 6 are rotatably connected to the first channel portion side wall 15 and the second channel portion side wall 16 with a tolerance, wherein the tolerance is arranged according to the product material and the geometric relationship between the first channel segment 9 and the second channel segment 10.

[0192] The circumferential surface 4 may include a textured portion 30 that covers all of the rotational mold except the annular recessed portion, or the first side portion 4 includes a non-textured portion 31 extending between the first flange portion 18 and the textured portion 30, and wherein the second side portion 25 includes a non-textured portion 32 located between the second flange portion 19 and the textured portion 30.

[0193] The non-textured portions 31 , 32 advantageously have a radius that is smaller than the radius into the embossing depth of the textured portion 30 , in particular into the portion of the annular recess 19 .

[0194] However, according to one example (not shown), the circumferential surface 4 may be non-textured but have a smooth surface or a micro-patterned surface.The non-textured rotational mould may have a cylindrical or wavy shape.

[0195] Figure 17 Schematically shows a rear view and an outlet front view of an assembly of a rotary mold 3 comprising three rotary molds 3, 33, 34, and Figure 18 Schematically shows the Figure 14 A perspective view of the components. Figures 1 to 16 The channel portion 13 includes a second rotary mold 33, which is arranged opposite to the first rotary mold 3, replacing Figures 1 to 16 The second rotary mold 33 may replace the counter support 14 in its entirety or may be part of the static counter support 14 (not shown). The second rotary mold 33 may be arranged in a similar manner to the first rotary mold 3 described above to produce the same or different patterns on both sides of the profile product. The second rotary mold 33 may include an annular recess and / or a flange portion that may be arranged to cooperate with the annular recess 29 and / or flange portions 18, 19 of the first rotary mold 3.

[0196] according to Figure 17 and Figure 18 In one example shown in FIG. 1 , the channel portion 13 ( Figures 1 to 16 ) includes a third rotary mold 34 arranged at an angle to the first rotary mold. This rotary mold completely or partially replaces the opposing first channel portion side wall 15 or second channel portion side wall 16. The third rotary mold 34 can be arranged only with the first rotary mold, or with both the first and second rotary molds. Thus, the above arrangement having the first rotary mold 3 and the opposing second rotary mold 33 can be assembled without the third rotary mold 34.

[0197] Figure 19Schematically shows a rear view and an outlet of a rotating die assembly comprising four rotating dies, and wherein, and Figure 20 Schematically shows the Figure 19 A perspective view of the components. Figure 19 and Figure 20 The channel portion 13 ( Figures 1 to 16 ) includes a fourth rotary mold 35 arranged opposite to the third rotary mold 34. The fourth rotary mold 34 may be arranged together with only the first rotary mold 3 as an alternative, or with both the first rotary mold 3 and the second rotary mold 33.

[0198] The third rotary mold 34 and / or the fourth rotary mold 35 can be arranged in a similar manner to the first rotary mold 3 described above to produce the same or different patterns on both sides of the profile product. The third rotary mold 34 and / or the fourth rotary mold 35 can include an annular recess and / or a flange portion that can be arranged to cooperate with the annular recess 29 and / or the flange portions 18, 19 of the first rotary mold 3.

[0199] According to one example, two or more rotating dies are synchronized. This has the advantage of feeding the material at the same speed. However, non-synchronized rotating dies can also be used in order to create friction and / or special patterns and / or to compensate for material differences.

[0200] The apparatus may be arranged to have a combination of textured and non-textured rotating moulds 3 , 33 , 34 , 35 .

[0201] Figure 21a Schematically shows a front view of an example of an apparatus 1 according to the invention comprising two rotating moulds 3, 33, and Figure 21b Schematically shows Figure 21a A perspective view of the device in FIG. Figure 21a and Figure 21b The apparatus 1 is shown to comprise two rotating moulds 3, 33 which are arranged opposite each other and both comprise a first flange portion 18 and a second flange portion 19. The first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19 of each rotating mould are arranged such that the first flange portions 18 are positioned towards each other and the second flange portions 19 are arranged towards each other. Figure 21a and Figure 21bIn the embodiment, the first flange portions 18 are arranged at a distance from each other, and the second flange portions 19 are arranged at a distance from each other. The distance between the flange portions 18 and 19 is large enough to allow material to pass between the first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19 of the two opposing rotating dies 3 and 33 in the second channel portion 10. Thus, the first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19 surround a portion of the profile product 2, such that the width of the portion of the profile product is defined and equal to the width of the middle portion, i.e., the distance between the first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19. This embodiment is suitable for certain high-viscosity materials, i.e., slow-flowing materials, but it may also be acceptable if the first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19 are used in conjunction with further leakage protection strategies and devices.

[0202] Figure 21c Schematically shows a rear view of an apparatus according to the invention comprising two rotating moulds and an outlet, and Figure 21d Schematically shows Figure 21c A perspective view of the device in FIG. Figure 21c and Figure 21d Shown with Figure 21a and Figure 21b The same arrangement as in FIG, but there is no distance or a very small distance between the first flange portions 18, 19 of the two rotating molds 3, 33, and there is no distance between the first flange portions 18, 19. Therefore, the distance between the flange portions 18, 19 is small enough so that the flange portions 18, 19 surround the entire profile product 2, so that the width of the profile product is defined and equal to the width of the middle portion 22, that is, the distance between the first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19.

[0203] Figure 21e Schematically shows a rear view of an apparatus according to the invention comprising two rotating moulds and an outlet, and Figure 21f Schematically shows Figure 21e A perspective view of the device in FIG. Figure 21e and Figure 21f Shown with Figure 21a and Figure 21b , but the first side portions 18 and the second side portions 19 of the two rotary molds 3, 33 overlap. Therefore, the distance between the flange portions 18, 19 is small enough so that the flange portions 18, 19 surround the entire profile product 2, so that the width of the profile product is defined and equal to the width of the middle portion 22 of each of the rotary molds 3, 33, that is, the distance between the first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19.

[0204] It is possible to use additional leakage strategies in combination with the flange parts described above, such as Figure 1 and Figures 5 to 20 as described, using a reduced pressure in the first and / or second side portion.

[0205] In Figure 1 , Figure 13 and Figure 15 the width D3 of the first channel section 9 is at least along a part of the length of the first channel section 9 and at least along a part of the height of the first channel section 9 smaller than the distance D4 between the two opposite side walls 5, 6 of the rotating mold 3. Thus, at least the width of the first channel section 9 should be smaller than the distance between the opposite first channel portion side wall 15 and the second channel portion side wall 16 in the second channel section 10. The width difference between the first channel section 9 and the second channel section 10 depends on the features of the first side portion 23 and the second side portion 25 and the tolerances between the rotating mold 3 and the respective opposite first channel portion side wall 15 and second channel portion side wall 16. The width D3 of the first channel section 9 should be smaller than the distance D4, which is the distance between the opposite first channel portion side wall 15 and the second channel portion side wall 16 minus the sum of the tolerances, i.e. minus the sum of the gaps between the rotating mold side walls 5, 6 and the respective opposite first channel portion side wall 15 and second channel portion side wall 16 in the second channel section 10. See further below, if the first and second side portions comprise flange portions 18, 19, the width D3 of the first channel section 9 is at least along a part of the length of the first channel section 9 and at least along a part of the height of the first channel section 9 smaller than the distance D4 between the two flange portions 18, 19.

[0206] One advantage is that due to the geometrical differences in the first channel section 9 and the second channel section 10, a local pressure reduction is achieved with respect to the first outer edge portion 5 and the second outer edge portion 6. The local pressure reduction reduces the flow speed of the material and this eliminates leakage problems between the first side wall 5 and the first channel portion side wall 15 and between the second side wall 6 and the second channel portion side wall 16. This leakage protection strategy is advantageously combined with the leakage protection strategy comprising flange portions and / or recesses as described above.

[0207] Figure 22 schematically shows a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a profile product by using an apparatus according to the apparatus already described in connection with Figures 1 to 2 1, wherein the method comprises:

[0208] the steps shown in block 101

[0209] - feeding material to the first channel section and shaping the material in the first channel section; and the steps shown in block 102

[0210] - The material is fed further to the second channel section and is shaped in the second channel section.

[0211] The figures showing the recess 29 show that the first side portion 23 and the second side portion 25 comprise an annular recess. According to one example not shown, only one of the first side portion 23 or the second side portion 25 comprises a recess. Figures 1 to 18 In the embodiment of the present invention, the recess is an annular recess, i.e., it extends circumferentially around the axis of rotation. According to an example not shown, the first side portion and / or the second side portion include one or more recesses that are not annular but are arranged as one or many single recesses. Each single recess has an extension in the width direction, the rotation direction, i.e., the circumferential direction perpendicular to the width direction, and the radial direction. The single recesses can have similar or different shapes and are advantageous. The single recesses can be arranged in different patterns extending circumferentially around the axis of rotation. The single recesses can be arranged in a single row of recesses extending circumferentially around the axis of rotation, or can be arranged as two or more rows of recesses arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction. The two or more rows of recesses can be arranged so that one or more recesses are arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction or offset from each other in the circumferential direction. The single recesses of different rows can have the same or different numbers of recesses.

[0212] The figures showing the first flange portion 18 and the second flange portion 19 show that the first outer circumferential surface 20 and / or the second outer circumferential surface 21 are arranged in a smooth annular shape, that is, the first flange portion and / or the second flange portion are arranged in a circular or oval shape, but according to another example, the first outer circumferential surface and / or the second outer circumferential surface are arranged in a wavy manner, that is, the first flange portion and / or the second flange portion are arranged in a gear-like shape.

Claims

1. An extrusion and / or pultrusion device (1) for forming a profile product (2) along a manufacturing direction (Y), comprising: - a rotary mold (3), the rotary mold (3) extending in a radial (R) direction and a width direction (X), the rotary mold (3) having two opposite first side walls (5) and a second side wall (6) and an outer peripheral surface (4) extending in the width direction (X) between the first side wall (5) and the second side wall (6), wherein the rotary mold (3) comprises: a first side portion (23), the first side portion (23) being connected to the first side wall (5); and a second side portion (25), the second side portion (25) being connected to the second side wall (6); and a middle portion (22), the middle portion (22) extending between the first side portion (23) and the second side portion (25); as well as - a profile defining area (7), said profile defining area (7) having: a longitudinal direction (Y), said longitudinal direction (Y) being coincident with said manufacturing direction (Y); a height direction (Z); and said width direction (X), said width direction (X) being perpendicular to said height direction (Z), said profile defining area (7) comprising a through-channel (8), said through-channel (8) comprising a first channel section (9) and a subsequent second channel section (10) located downstream of said first channel section (9) with reference to said manufacturing direction, wherein said rotary mould (3) is rotatable about an axis extending transverse to said manufacturing direction (Y) and is arranged to allow said outer circumferential surface (4) to exert pressure on the surface of said material as said material is fed through said profile defining area (7) as said rotary mould (3) rotates, in, - said first channel section (9) is circumferentially delimited by one or more walls (11), And among them, - said second channel section (10) is circumferentially delimited by: - the outer circumferential surface (4) of the rotating mold (3); and - a channel portion (13), said channel portion (13) comprising: - a counter-support (14) opposite to the rotating mould (3); and - a first channel portion side wall (15) and a second channel portion side wall (16) located opposite each other between the rotating mould (3) and the counter-support (14), It is characterized by: The first side portion (23) comprises a first flange portion (18) arranged adjacent to a first portion of the middle portion (22) and extending in the width direction (X) and the radial direction (R), the extension of the first flange portion (18) in the radial direction (R) exceeding the radial extension of the first portion of the middle portion (22), and wherein the second side portion (25) comprises a second flange portion (19) arranged adjacent to a second portion of the middle portion (22) and extending in the width direction (X) and the radial direction, the extension of the second flange portion (19) in the radial direction (R) exceeding the radial extension of the second portion of the middle portion (22), wherein each of the first flange portion (18) and the second flange portion (19) has a radial extension exceeding the entire middle portion (22), or, The first flange portion (18) extends in a radial direction (R), wherein the extension of the first flange portion (18) in the radial direction (R) exceeds the radial extension of a first portion of the intermediate portion (22), and wherein the second flange portion (19) extends in a radial direction (R), wherein the extension of the second flange portion (19) in the radial direction (R) exceeds the radial extension of a second portion of the intermediate portion (22), wherein a portion of the intermediate portion has a radial extension that exceeds the radial extension of each of the first flange portion (18) and the second flange portion (19).

2. The device (1) according to claim 1, wherein The first flange portion (18) includes a first outer circumferential surface (20) which delimits the first flange portion (18) in the rotational direction, and wherein the second flange portion (19) includes a second outer circumferential surface (21) which delimits the second flange portion (19) in the rotational direction.

3. The device (1) according to claim 2, wherein The first outer circumferential surface (20) and the second outer circumferential surface (21) follow the contour of the middle portion (22).

4. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The first flange portion (18) and the second flange portion (19) are rotationally symmetric and / or rotationally balanced around the rotation axis of the rotating mold (3).

5. The device (1) according to claim 4, wherein The first side portion (23) and / or the second side portion (25) comprises one or more recesses (29) extending in a radial direction (R), the extension of the recesses (29) being smaller than the radial extension of at least a part of the middle portion (22).

6. The device (1) according to claim 5, wherein The recess (29) follows the contour of the middle portion (22).

7. The device (1) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein The recess (29) is rotationally symmetrical about the rotation axis of the rotating mold (3).

8. The device (1) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein The recess is a concave portion in the rotary mold (3), or a portion of the rotary mold (3) having a smaller radial extension than other portions of the rotary mold.

9. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The one or more walls (11) define a first cross-section (12) at an end of the first channel segment (9), and wherein the second channel segment (10) defines a second cross-section (17) at a position where the distance between the outer circumferential surface (4) and the counter-support (14) is at a minimum, and wherein the geometry of the first channel segment (9) differs from that of the second channel segment (10) such that the material passing through the first channel segment (9) changes form when entering the second channel segment (10).

10. The device (1) according to claim 9, wherein The minimum distance between the outer circumferential surface (4) and the counter support (14) in the second cross section (17) in the height direction (Z) is smaller than the maximum distance in the height direction in the first cross section (12).

11. The device (1) according to claim 9, wherein The geometrical difference in the first channel section (9) and the second channel section (10) is arranged to increase or maintain the pressure in the second channel section (10) to a level such that the material will transform quickly enough to fill the second channel section to comprise an impression of the rotating mould.

12. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein Due to the geometrical differences in the first channel section (9) and the second channel section (10), a local pressure reduction is achieved with respect to the first side portion (23) and / or the second side portion (25).

13. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The first channel section (9) comprises a third side portion (24) extending in the width direction (X), wherein the third side portion (24) is arranged relative to the first side portion (23) such that a pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the first side portion (23) is lower than a pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the third side portion (24), and / or wherein the first channel section (9) comprises a fourth side portion (26) extending in the width direction (X), wherein the fourth side portion (26) is arranged relative to the second side portion (25) such that a pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the second side portion (25) is less than a pressure in the material to be extruded with respect to the fourth side portion (26).

14. The device (1) according to claim 13, wherein The first channel section (9) includes a leeward device (27) connected to the third side portion (24) and / or the fourth side portion (26) and arranged to reduce the space of the first channel section (9) in the height direction (Z) perpendicular to the width direction (X).

15. The device (1) according to claim 13, wherein The first channel section (9) includes a leeward device (28) connected to the third side portion (24) and / or the fourth side portion (26) and arranged to reduce the space of the first channel section (9) in the width direction (X).

16. Apparatus (1) according to claim 14 or 15, wherein The leeward devices (27, 28) are raised portions facing the through-channel (8).

17. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The second channel section (10) is arranged relative to the first channel section (9) so that a predetermined second distance (D2) between the radially outermost portion of the outer circumferential surface (4) of the rotating mold (3) and the counter-support (14) in the channel section (13) is smaller than a predetermined first distance (D1) between the most distant portions of the first channel section (9) taken in a height direction (Z) coinciding with the radial direction, and / or where: The second channel section (10) is arranged relative to the first channel section (9) so that a predetermined fourth distance (D4) between the innermost narrowest parts of the channel portion (13) along the width direction (X) is greater than a predetermined third distance (D3) between the side walls in the first channel taken along the width direction (X) at the outlet area of ​​the first channel section (9).

18. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The first side wall (5) and the second side wall (6) are positioned relative to the first channel portion side wall (15) and the second channel portion side wall (16) such that the first side wall (5) and the second side wall (6) are rotatably connected to the first channel portion side wall (15) and the second channel portion side wall (16) with a tolerance arranged according to the product material and the geometric relationship between the first channel segment (9) and the second channel segment (10).

19. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The outer peripheral surface (4) includes a textured portion (30).

20. The device (1) according to claim 19, wherein The first side portion (23) includes a non-textured portion (31) extending between the first flange portion (18) and the textured portion (30), and wherein the second side portion (25) includes a non-textured portion (32) located between the second flange portion (19) and the textured portion (30).

21. The device (1) according to claim 20, wherein The non-textured portions (31, 32) have a radius that is smaller than a radius of an embossing depth to the textured portion (30).

22. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The outer circumferential surface (4) is non-textured.

23. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The channel portion (13) comprises a second rotary mold (33) which is arranged opposite to the rotary mold (3) and partially or completely replaces the counter-support (14).

24. The device (1) according to claim 23, wherein The channel portion (13) includes a third rotary mold (34) arranged at an angle to the rotary mold (3).

25. The device (1) according to claim 24, wherein The channel portion (13) includes a fourth rotary mold (35) arranged opposite to the third rotary mold (34).

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein: Two or more rotating dies (3, 33, 34, 35) are synchronized.

27. Apparatus according to claim 25, comprising a combination of textured and non-textured rotary moulds (3, 33, 34, 35).

28. Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The first channel section (9) is circumferentially delimited by a static wall (11).

29. A method for producing a profile product (2) by using an apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein: The method comprises: - feeding material to the first channel section (9) and causing the material to be formed in the first channel section (9); - feeding the material further to the second channel section (10) and causing the material to be shaped in the second channel section (10).

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