Slope trench excavation equipment and excavation method with adjustable slope coefficient

Abstract

The present invention relates to a slope trench excavation device and excavation method with an adjustable slope coefficient. It is applicable to the technical field related to slope trench excavation. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a slope trench excavation device with an adjustable slope coefficient, characterized in that: a trench forming mechanism has a bottom plate and two side plates for trench excavation and forming, and the two side plates can be rotatably hinged to the left and right sides of the bottom plate respectively; an inclination adjustment mechanism is arranged on the trench forming mechanism, and is used to adjust the inclination angle between the side plate and the bottom plate; a soil crushing mechanism is arranged on the trench forming mechanism, and is used to crush the soil above the bottom plate and in front of the area between the two side plates, so that the bottom plate and the side plates can push away the soil in front to form a trench.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a slope trench excavation device and an excavation method with an adjustable slope coefficient, which are applicable to the technical field related to slope trench excavation. Background Art

[0002] During road construction, it is generally necessary to dig trenches on the slopes. Currently, the commonly used methods are manual excavation or manual assisted excavator bucket excavation. Although the traditional manual excavation of vertical foundation trenches has a regular shape of trench walls, it has the problems of low construction efficiency and high labor costs. Although the manual assisted excavator bucket excavation method reduces labor costs and improves work efficiency, the controllability of excavation is relatively poor.

[0003] When the existing excavation equipment specially used for slope trenches is used, the slope gradient is fixed and it can only be used for trench excavation with specific requirements, and its application scope is relatively narrow. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the above-mentioned existing problems, a slope trench excavation device and an excavation method with an adjustable slope coefficient are provided.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a slope trench excavation device with adjustable slope coefficient, characterized in that:

[0006] The groove forming mechanism comprises a bottom plate and two side plates for groove excavation and forming, wherein the two side plates are rotatably hinged to the left and right sides of the bottom plate respectively;

[0007] An inclination adjustment mechanism is provided on the groove forming mechanism and is used to adjust the inclination angle between the side plate and the bottom plate;

[0008] The soil crushing mechanism is arranged on the groove forming mechanism and is used for crushing the soil in front of the area above the bottom plate and between the two side plates, so that the bottom plate and the side plates push away the soil in front to form a groove.

[0009] The soil crushing mechanism comprises a soil-breaking circular cutter disc and a rotation driving mechanism for driving the soil-breaking circular cutter disc to rotate and realize soil breaking, wherein the soil-breaking circular cutter disc is composed of a plurality of fan-shaped plates, and a plurality of protrusions for soil breaking are formed on the front end surface of the fan-shaped plates.

[0010] The central end of the sector plate is connected to the driving shaft of the rotation drive mechanism via a fixing rod, wherein the fixing rod is arranged in the radial direction, and the sector plate is sleeved on the fixing rod so as to be movable along the axial direction of the fixing rod via an embedded slot hole thereon;

[0011] The fan-shaped plate is connected with an expansion and contraction driving mechanism which can drive the fan-shaped plate to move axially along the fixed rod to realize the expansion or contraction of the earth-breaking circular cutter disc.

[0012] The expansion and collection drive mechanism and the inclination adjustment mechanism are connected via a linkage mechanism, and the linkage mechanism is used to synchronously enable the expansion and collection drive mechanism to adjust the ground-breaking circular cutter disc to spread when the inclination adjustment mechanism increases the inclination angle between the side plate and the bottom plate; and to synchronously enable the expansion and collection drive mechanism to adjust the ground-breaking circular cutter disc to collapse when the inclination adjustment mechanism decreases the inclination angle between the side plate and the bottom plate.

[0013] The inclination adjustment mechanism comprises a threaded rod located above the base plate and arranged parallel to the axis of the base plate and a first motor that drives the threaded rod to rotate. A threaded sleeve is mounted on the threaded rod. The threaded sleeve is connected to the side plate via a first connecting rod. One end of the first connecting rod is connected to the corresponding side plate via a two-way adjusting member, and the other end of the first connecting rod is connected to the threaded sleeve via a two-way adjusting member.

[0014] The bidirectional adjustment member has a rotating cylinder parallel to the threaded rod and a hinge shaft arranged perpendicular to the rotating cylinder, wherein the rotating cylinder is rotatably installed on the corresponding side plate and the threaded sleeve around its own axis, and the hinge shaft is connected to the corresponding first connecting rod.

[0015] The expansion and contraction driving mechanism comprises a cylindrical tube coaxially sleeved on the driving shaft, a movable ring is sleeved on the cylindrical tube and can move axially along the cylindrical tube, a rotating ring that can rotate around the axis is coaxially mounted on the movable ring, the rotating ring is connected to the fan-shaped plate via a third connecting rod, and both ends of the third connecting rod are rotatably hinged to the fan-shaped plate and the rotating ring respectively.

[0016] A receiving ring is rotatably mounted on the end of the cylindrical tube, and a second sliding groove corresponding to the fixed rod is formed on the receiving ring. The second sliding groove is parallel to the corresponding fixed rod, and a sliding block adapted to the second sliding groove is formed on the fan-shaped plate corresponding to the corresponding fixed rod.

[0017] The linkage mechanism comprises a second connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to the threaded sleeve, and the other end of which is hinged to the moving ring.

[0018] The diameter of the cylindrical barrel is much larger than the diameter of the driving shaft, and the driving shaft is provided with spiral blades which cooperate with the cylindrical barrel to form a soil conveying channel.

[0019] A traction plate for connecting a traction machine is fixed on the bottom plate, and the inclination adjustment mechanism and the soil crushing mechanism are both fixedly connected to the traction plate.

[0020] A method for excavating a slope groove using the slope groove excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient, characterized in that:

[0021] S1. Pre-dig a groove at the slope that can accommodate the slope trench excavation equipment, then place the slope trench excavation equipment in the groove, and connect the slope trench excavation equipment to a tractor;

[0022] S2. According to the slope, adjust the angle of the two side plates relative to the bottom plate through the inclination adjustment mechanism.

[0023] S3, start the soil crushing mechanism, and cooperate with the traction of the tractor to crush the soil above the bottom plate and between the two side plates;

[0024] S4. The tractor pulls the slope trench excavation equipment to move as a whole, and the soil crushed by the soil crushing mechanism enters above the bottom plate and between the two side plates. Under the traction of the tractor, the bottom plate and the side plates shovel the remaining soil in the trench after the soil crushing mechanism crushes it, and the trench is formed;

[0025] S5. Remove the soil entering the slope trench excavation equipment through the soil lifting mechanism.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention uses a soil crushing mechanism to crush the soil in front of the equipment, so as to facilitate the bottom plate and the side plate to push away the side soil to form a side trough. The present invention adjusts the inclination angle of the two side plates through an inclination adjustment mechanism, thereby realizing the excavation of side troughs with different slopes. At the same time, when the inclination angle of the side plate is changed, the soil crushing mechanism follows the divergence or contraction, so that the distance between the soil crushing mechanism and the side plate is kept within a certain range, which facilitates the side plate or the bottom plate to push away the remaining soil and prevents the side plate and the bottom plate from being blocked when shoveling the soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient.

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection status of the earth-breaking component and the cylindrical tube in the slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient.

[0030] Figure 4 A front view of the connection status of multiple sector plates in a slope trench excavation equipment with an adjustable slope coefficient.

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cylindrical tube in the slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient.

[0032] 1. Side plate; 2. Pulling plate; 3. First motor; 4. Connecting frame; 5. Second motor; 6. Receiver plate; 7. Crossbeam frame; 8. Threaded rod; 9. Threaded sleeve; 10. Connecting cylinder; 11. First connecting rod; 12. Second connecting rod; 13. Column cylinder; 14. Drive shaft; 15. Bottom plate; 16. Support rod; 17. Fan-shaped plate; 18. Spiral blade; 19. Third connecting rod; 20. Moving ring; 21. Rotating ring; 22. Sliding block; 23. Raised block; 24. Fixed rod; 25. First slide groove; 26. Second slide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] This embodiment is a slope trench excavation device with adjustable slope coefficient, including a trench forming mechanism, an inclination adjustment mechanism, a soil crushing mechanism, etc.

[0034] In this example, the groove forming mechanism has a bottom plate and two side plates for groove excavation and forming, and the two side plates are rotatably hinged to the left and right sides of the bottom plate. A traction plate is fixed on the bottom plate at the rear end, the traction plate is perpendicular to the bottom plate and perpendicular to the length direction of the bottom plate, and a receiving plate parallel to the traction plate is fixed in the middle of the bottom plate, and the traction plate and the receiving plate are connected by multiple connecting frames.

[0035] In this embodiment, the tilt adjustment mechanism has a threaded rod arranged in parallel with the length direction of the bottom plate, one end of the threaded rod is rotatably mounted on the receiving plate around its own axis and connected to a first motor (the motor is fixed on the receiving plate) that can drive the threaded rod to rotate, and the other end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected to a crossbeam frame, which is fixed to the receiving plate. The threaded rod is provided with a threaded sleeve that is connected to the side plates on both sides through a first connecting rod, one end of the first connecting rod is connected to the corresponding side plate through a two-way adjusting member, and the other end of the first connecting rod is connected to the threaded sleeve through a two-way adjusting member.

[0036] In this example, the bidirectional adjustment member has a rotating cylinder with parallel threaded rods and a hinge shaft fixed on the rotating cylinder and arranged perpendicular to the rotating cylinder, wherein the rotating cylinder can be rotatably installed around its own axis on the corresponding side plate and threaded sleeve, and the hinge shaft is connected to the corresponding first connecting rod.

[0037] In this embodiment, the soil crushing mechanism has a soil-breaking circular cutter disc and a rotation driving mechanism for driving the soil-breaking circular cutter disc to rotate to achieve soil breaking, wherein the rotation driving mechanism has a driving shaft arranged parallel to the length direction of the base plate, one end of the driving shaft can be rotatably mounted on the receiving plate and connected to the second motor (the motor is fixed on the receiving plate), and the other end of the driving shaft is coaxially connected to the soil-breaking circular cutter disc.

[0038] In this example, the earth-breaking circular cutter disc is composed of 8 fan-shaped plates, and the front end of the fan-shaped plate is provided with a plurality of protrusions for earth-breaking. The end of the fan-shaped plate near the center of the circle is connected to the driving shaft of the rotation driving mechanism through a fixed rod, wherein the fixed rod is arranged radially along the earth-breaking circular cutter disc, and the fan-shaped plate can be mounted on the fixed rod through the embedded slots thereon and can be moved axially along the fixed rod. The fan-shaped plate is connected to an expansion and contraction driving mechanism that can drive the fan-shaped plate to move axially along the fixed rod to achieve the expansion or contraction of the earth-breaking circular cutter disc.

[0039] In this embodiment, a receiving ring is coaxially installed at the front end of the cylindrical tube. The receiving ring can be installed on the cylindrical tube rotatably around its own axis. A second sliding groove parallel to the fixing rod of the corresponding fan-shaped plate is formed on the contact surface of the receiving ring with the fan-shaped plate. A sliding block is inserted into the second sliding groove, and the sliding block is fixedly connected to the corresponding fan-shaped plate.

[0040] In this example, the sector plate cooperates with the fixing rod through the embedded slot hole, and the slider cooperates with the second slide groove so that the sector plate can move in its radial direction, thereby achieving the diffusion or retraction of the soil-breaking circular cutter disc.

[0041] In this embodiment, the expansion and contraction drive mechanism has a moving ring that is coaxially mounted on the cylindrical tube and can move axially along the cylindrical tube. The cylindrical tube is provided with a plurality of first slide grooves that are arranged parallel to the axis of the cylindrical tube and are compatible with the moving ring. In this example, a rotating ring is coaxially connected to the moving ring. The rotating ring can be installed on the moving ring so as to rotate around its own axis. The rotating ring is hingedly connected to 8 fan-shaped plates via 8 third connecting rods. In this embodiment, when the moving ring is driven to move toward the ground-breaking circular cutter disc, the moving ring drives the fan-shaped plates to move radially outward via the rotating ring and the third connecting rod, thereby realizing the diffusion of the ground-breaking circular cutter disc; when the moving ring is driven to move toward the receiving plate, the moving ring drives the fan-shaped plates to move radially inward via the rotating ring and the third connecting rod, thereby realizing the retraction of the ground-breaking circular cutter disc.

[0042] In this embodiment, the expansion and collection drive mechanism and the inclination adjustment mechanism are connected via a linkage mechanism. The linkage mechanism is used to synchronously enable the expansion and collection drive mechanism to adjust the ground-breaking circular cutter disc to spread when the inclination angle of the inclination adjustment mechanism between the adjusting side plate and the bottom plate increases; and to synchronously enable the expansion and collection drive mechanism to adjust the ground-breaking circular cutter disc to retract when the inclination angle of the inclination adjustment mechanism between the adjusting side plate and the bottom plate decreases.

[0043] In this example, the linkage mechanism includes a second connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to the threaded sleeve in the tilt adjustment mechanism, and the other end is hinged to the moving ring in the expansion and collection drive mechanism. When the first motor drives the threaded rod to rotate in the forward direction, the threaded sleeve on the threaded rod moves away from the receiving plate end, thereby driving the side plate to tilt outward through the first connecting rod to increase the tilt angle, and also driving the moving reversing ground-breaking circular cutter disc to move through the second connecting plate to achieve the diffusion of the ground-breaking circular cutter disc; when the first motor drives the threaded rod to rotate in the reverse direction, the threaded sleeve on the threaded rod moves toward the receiving plate end, thereby driving the side plate to tilt inward through the first connecting rod to reduce the tilt angle, and also driving the moving reversing receiving plate to move through the second connecting plate to achieve the folding of the ground-breaking circular cutter disc.

[0044] This embodiment uses a soil crushing mechanism to crush the soil in front, so that the bottom plate and the side plates can push away the side soil to form a side trough. The provided inclination angle adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the inclination angle of the two side plates, so as to realize the excavation of side troughs with different slopes. At the same time, when the inclination angle of the side plates changes, the soil-breaking circular cutter disc follows to diverge or converge, so as to prevent the side plates and the bottom plate from being obstructed when shoveling the soil, and the practicability is strong.

[0045] In this example, the distance between the soil breaking mechanism and the side plate is basically kept constant by spreading or gathering the soil breaking components, so that the side plate can reduce the shoveling force when shoveling the soil. The inclined surface set at the front end of the side plate and the bottom plate is mainly to ensure that the ends of the side plate and the bottom plate are in a knife head structure, which is convenient for shoveling the soil.

[0046] In this embodiment, a traction machine is detachably mounted on the traction plate. The traction machine is a commonly used technical module, so this embodiment does not make any specific limitation on this.

[0047] In this example, gaps are reserved between the soil crushing mechanism and the bottom plate and side plates. During operation, the soil can move through the gaps to facilitate the handling of the crushed soil. Of course, in the specific implementation process, a lifting mechanism can be installed between the receiving plate and the traction plate. The lifting mechanism is used to lift the soil to separate from the equipment. The lifting mechanism is not shown in the figure in this embodiment, and a simple spiral conveying structure can be used. This embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.

[0048] In this embodiment, the protruding block is provided with a tooth-shaped portion along the rotation direction of the sector plate. When the sector plate rotates, the tooth-shaped portion on the protruding block can conveniently crush the soil.

[0049] When the second motor is working, it drives the driving shaft to rotate. When the driving shaft rotates, the fan-shaped plate is driven to rotate through the action of the fixing rod to achieve the driving demand.

[0050] In this embodiment, the spiral blades rotate with the driving shaft, and the soil that enters the cylindrical barrel through the gaps between the multiple fan-shaped plates moves in the cylindrical barrel under the action of the spiral blades, and finally falls out through the gap between the cylindrical barrel 13 and the receiving plate, and is sent out of the equipment through the lifting mechanism after falling out.

[0051] The method for excavating a trench using the slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1. Pre-dig a groove on the slope that can accommodate the excavation equipment, then place the excavation equipment in the groove, and connect the traction plate to the traction machine;

[0053] S2. The first motor is started according to the slope of the side slope. The first motor drives the threaded rod to rotate, so as to drive the threaded sleeve to move axially along the threaded rod. When the threaded sleeve moves, the first connecting rod drives the angle adjustment of the two side plates relative to the bottom plate, and the second connecting rod drives the multiple fan-shaped plates to spread or retract.

[0054] S3, starting the second motor, the second motor drives the driving shaft to rotate, the driving shaft drives the plurality of fan-shaped plates and the receiving ring to rotate through the fixing rod, so as to crush the soil through the protruding blocks;

[0055] S4. The tractor drives the excavation equipment to move as a whole. The crushed soil enters between the bottom plate and the side plates. Some of the soil enters the cylindrical tube through the gaps between the multiple fan-shaped plates and is transported by the spiral blades. The bottom plate and side plates are set to shovel and shape the soil on the inner side of the slope.

[0056] S5. The soil that enters between the bottom plate and the side plates is discharged through a separately provided lifting mechanism, and the tractor continues to work to complete the trench excavation.

Claims

1. A slope trench excavation device with adjustable slope coefficient, characterized in that: The groove forming mechanism comprises a bottom plate and two side plates for groove excavation and forming, wherein the two side plates are rotatably hinged to the left and right sides of the bottom plate respectively; An inclination adjustment mechanism is provided on the groove forming mechanism and is used to adjust the inclination angle between the side plate and the bottom plate; A soil crushing mechanism is provided on the groove forming mechanism and is used to crush the soil above the bottom plate and in front of the area between the two side plates, so that the bottom plate and the side plates push away the soil in front to form a groove; The soil breaking mechanism comprises a soil breaking circular cutter disc and a rotation driving mechanism for driving the soil breaking circular cutter disc to rotate and realize soil breaking, wherein the soil breaking circular cutter disc is composed of a plurality of fan-shaped plates, and a plurality of protrusions for soil breaking are formed on the front end surface of the fan-shaped plates; The central end of the sector plate is connected to the driving shaft of the rotation drive mechanism via a fixing rod, wherein the fixing rod is arranged in the radial direction, and the sector plate is sleeved on the fixing rod so as to be movable along the axial direction of the fixing rod via an embedded slot hole thereon; The fan-shaped plate is connected to an expansion and contraction driving mechanism which can drive the fan-shaped plate to move axially along the fixed rod to realize the expansion or contraction of the earth-breaking circular cutter disc; The expansion and collection drive mechanism and the inclination adjustment mechanism are connected via a linkage mechanism, and the linkage mechanism is used to synchronously enable the expansion and collection drive mechanism to adjust the ground-breaking circular cutter disc to spread when the inclination adjustment mechanism increases the inclination angle between the side plate and the bottom plate; and to synchronously enable the expansion and collection drive mechanism to adjust the ground-breaking circular cutter disc to collapse when the inclination adjustment mechanism decreases the inclination angle between the side plate and the bottom plate.

2. The slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inclination adjustment mechanism comprises a threaded rod located above the base plate and arranged parallel to the axis of the base plate and a first motor that drives the threaded rod to rotate. A threaded sleeve is mounted on the threaded rod. The threaded sleeve is connected to the side plate via a first connecting rod. One end of the first connecting rod is connected to the corresponding side plate via a two-way adjusting member, and the other end of the first connecting rod is connected to the threaded sleeve via a two-way adjusting member.

3. The slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bidirectional adjustment member has a rotating cylinder parallel to the threaded rod and a hinge shaft arranged perpendicular to the rotating cylinder, wherein the rotating cylinder is rotatably installed on the corresponding side plate and the threaded sleeve around its own axis, and the hinge shaft is connected to the corresponding first connecting rod.

4. The slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The expansion and contraction driving mechanism comprises a cylindrical tube coaxially sleeved on the driving shaft, a movable ring is sleeved on the cylindrical tube and can move axially along the cylindrical tube, a rotating ring that can rotate around the axis is coaxially mounted on the movable ring, the rotating ring is connected to the fan-shaped plate via a third connecting rod, and both ends of the third connecting rod are rotatably hinged to the fan-shaped plate and the rotating ring respectively.

5. The slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A receiving ring is rotatably mounted on the end of the cylindrical tube, and a second sliding groove corresponding to the fixed rod is formed on the receiving ring. The second sliding groove is parallel to the corresponding fixed rod, and a sliding block adapted to the second sliding groove is formed on the fan-shaped plate corresponding to the corresponding fixed rod.

6. The slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The linkage mechanism comprises a second connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to the threaded sleeve, and the other end of which is hinged to the moving ring.

7. The slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diameter of the cylindrical barrel is much larger than the diameter of the driving shaft, and the driving shaft is provided with spiral blades which cooperate with the cylindrical barrel to form a soil conveying channel.

8. The slope trench excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient according to claim 1, characterized in that: A traction plate for connecting a traction machine is fixed on the bottom plate, and the inclination adjustment mechanism and the soil crushing mechanism are both fixedly connected to the traction plate.

9. A method for excavating a slope groove using the slope groove excavation equipment with adjustable slope coefficient according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: S1. Pre-dig a groove at the slope that can accommodate the slope trench excavation equipment, then place the slope trench excavation equipment in the groove, and connect the slope trench excavation equipment to a tractor; S2. According to the slope, adjust the angle of the two side plates relative to the bottom plate through the inclination adjustment mechanism. S3, start the soil crushing mechanism, and cooperate with the traction of the tractor to crush the soil above the bottom plate and between the two side plates; S4. The tractor pulls the slope trench excavation equipment to move as a whole, and the soil crushed by the soil crushing mechanism enters above the bottom plate and between the two side plates. Under the traction of the tractor, the bottom plate and the side plates shovel the remaining soil in the trench after the soil crushing mechanism crushes it, and the trench is formed; S5. Remove the soil entering the slope trench excavation equipment through the soil lifting mechanism.

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