A laser bending forming device and method for fine corrugated plate

Abstract

A micro-corrugated plate laser bending forming device includes a workbench, a two-dimensional moving platform is provided on the workbench, and a machine tool dividing head base is connected to the two-dimensional moving platform by fastening bolts; a main shaft is horizontally passed through the top of the machine tool dividing head base, the left end of the main shaft extends out of the machine tool dividing head base and is connected to a rotating handle, and the right end of the main shaft extends out of the machine tool dividing head base and is connected to a three-jaw chuck through a connecting device; a flat plate fixture is clamped in the three-jaw chuck; the flat plate fixture includes an upper flat plate fixture and a lower flat plate fixture, and a metal plate to be processed is clamped between the upper flat plate fixture and the lower flat plate fixture. The present invention also provides a processing method based on a micro-corrugated plate laser bending forming device. The present invention has a simple process, and can realize the precise forming of small and medium-sized equally spaced micro-corrugated plates without a mold, and reduces the number of back and forth clamping times of the metal plate when the laser is scanned forward and backward. Simple pretreatment of the metal plate can minimize the "edge effect" during laser bending forming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of laser bending and forming of metal plates, and in particular to a device and method for laser bending and forming of a micro corrugated plate. Background Art

[0002] The production of corrugated plates usually involves bending processes, which are usually formed by pressing with customized molds. However, the cost of designing and manufacturing molds is high and the production cycle is too long. Especially for some parts with small production batches and complex shapes, the economic cost of forming is too high and it is difficult to ensure the forming quality. Laser bending forming technology is a moldless bending forming technology. Because when the scanning speed is fast, it will have the characteristics of positive bending facing the laser beam when the temperature gradient plays a dominant role. And through the characteristics of short production cycle, low manufacturing cost and high quality of the plate after bending forming, this technology has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad since the 1980s. In addition, the galvanometer laser processing system has the characteristics of small spot diameter, fast scanning speed and large working distance, which makes the temperature gradient more obvious for bending forming. Due to the phenomenon of "edge effect" in the laser bending forming process, that is, the non-uniform distribution of temperature and plate constraints on the heating path of the laser beam, the bending angle of the metal plate surface after a single scan is large in the middle of the plate and small on both sides of the plate. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention provides a device and method for laser bending of a fine corrugated plate.

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a fine corrugated plate laser bending forming device, comprising a workbench, a two-dimensional moving platform is arranged on the workbench, and a machine tool dividing head base is connected to the two-dimensional moving platform through a fastening bolt; a main shaft is horizontally passed through the top of the machine tool dividing head base, the left end of the main shaft extends out of the machine tool dividing head base and is connected to a rotating handle, and the right end of the main shaft extends out of the outer wall of the machine tool dividing head base and is connected to an outer dividing plate, and the outer dividing plate can rotate with the main shaft; the right end of the main shaft is connected to a three-claw chuck through a connecting device; the inner dividing plate is semicircular, and the outer dividing plate is circular, and a plurality of positioning holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner dividing plate and the outer dividing plate;

[0005] A flat plate fixture is clamped in the three-jaw chuck, and the flat plate fixture includes an upper flat plate fixture and a lower flat plate fixture, and the clamping surfaces of the upper flat plate fixture and the lower flat plate fixture are planes; a metal plate to be processed is clamped between the upper flat plate fixture and the lower flat plate fixture, and a field mirror in a galvanometer laser processing system is arranged directly above the metal plate to be processed, and the upper flat plate fixture and the lower flat plate fixture are fixedly connected by a first pin and a second pin;

[0006] It also includes a level, which is arranged on the flat plate fixture, and is used to detect whether the clamping surfaces of the upper plate fixture and the lower plate fixture are parallel to the horizontal plane; when the clamping surfaces are parallel to the horizontal plane, that is, when the metal plate to be processed is in a horizontal state, corresponding positioning holes on the inner and outer indexing plates are provided with latches, and the relative position of the spindle and the machine tool indexing head base is fixed by the latches. Preferably, the two-dimensional moving platform includes an x-axis displacement platform and a y-axis displacement platform, which are arranged horizontally and are both micrometer displacement platforms.

[0007] A second aspect of the present invention provides a processing method for a fine corrugated plate laser bending forming device, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: After stress relief and tempering, the metal plate is cut into a preset size of the metal plate to be processed. The metal plate to be processed is cleaned and sanded with sandpaper to remove the surface oxide film. The clamping distance L is reserved. 0 ;

[0009] Step 2: When the length of the metal plate to be processed is LL 0 distance, that is, within the processing area of ​​the metal plate to be processed; the front scanning path and the back scanning path extending in the width direction are drawn at equal distances along the length direction, the front scanning path is located on the front side of the metal plate to be processed, and the back scanning path is located on the back side of the metal plate to be processed, the front scanning path and the back scanning path are arranged alternately, and the front scanning path and the back scanning path are arranged in sequence according to the front and back sides; the carbon black coating is coated on both ends of the front scanning path and the back scanning path, and the coating length of the carbon black coating at both ends is equal, and the coating length is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the width of the metal plate to be processed, so as to obtain a metal plate with a processed scanning path and a carbon black coating planned;

[0010] Step 3, clamp the processed and planned scanning path and carbon black coated metal plate onto the flat fixture and adjust the rotating handle to make the metal plate in a horizontal state; adjust the processing parameters of the laser according to the required bending angle of the metal plate, the processing parameters include laser power, scanning speed, and scanning times, and the laser scans in sequence according to the order of the front scanning path and the back scanning path in step 2;

[0011] Step 4: After the laser single-pass scanning path is finished, when the metal plate cools down to room temperature, the metal plate is turned over by turning the handle, and the two-dimensional moving stage is controlled to continue the next scanning. The laser maintains the same scanning direction during each scanning;

[0012] Step 5. After all scanning is completed, remove the processed metal plate and place the reserved L 0 Length of unprocessed area cut off.

[0013] Preferably, in step 4, after the laser single-pass scanning path is scanned, the bending angles at various positions in the bending direction of the metal plate are measured and compared with the preset bending angles to optimize the processing parameters.

[0014] Preferably, the width of the metal plate to be processed is less than or equal to the width of the flat plate fixture, or does not exceed 30% to 50% of the width of the flat plate fixture, and the length of the metal plate to be processed is within the bendable range of the metal plate; the aspect ratio of the processing area of ​​the metal plate to be processed is in the range of 1 to 2.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the process is simple, and the precise forming of small and medium-sized equally spaced micro-corrugated plates can be achieved without a mold, and the number of times the metal plate is clamped back and forth when the laser is scanned forward and backward is reduced. Simple pretreatment of the metal plate can minimize the "edge effect" during laser bending and forming, and can achieve certain economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for forming a fine corrugated plate by galvanometer laser bending;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the inner and outer indexing plates of the fine corrugated plate formed by galvanometer laser bending and the latches connected with the inner and outer indexing plates;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the flat plate fixture;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the scanning path and the carbon black layer coating position on the front side of the metal plate (the side with the clamp facing upward);

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the scanning path and the coating position of the carbon black layer on the reverse side of the metal plate (the side clamped downward). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] Referring to the accompanying drawings, a fine corrugated plate laser bending and forming device includes a workbench 1, on which a two-dimensional moving table is provided. The two-dimensional moving table includes an x-axis displacement table 3 and a y-axis displacement table 2. The x-axis displacement table 3 and the y-axis displacement table 2 are horizontally arranged and are both micrometer displacement tables. The displacement table is driven to move by manually rotating the micrometer.

[0025] The two-dimensional moving platform is connected to the machine tool dividing head base 4 by fastening bolts 14; a spindle is horizontally penetrated on the top of the machine tool dividing head base 4, the left end of the spindle extends out of the machine tool dividing head base 4 and is connected to the rotating handle 5, and the right end of the spindle extends out of the outer wall of the machine tool dividing head base 4 and is connected to the outer indexing plate 7, which can rotate with the spindle; the right end of the spindle is connected to the three-jaw chuck 10 through a connecting device 9; the inner indexing plate 6 is semicircular, and the outer indexing plate 7 is circular, and a plurality of positioning holes are evenly distributed along the circumference on the inner indexing plate 6 and the outer indexing plate 7;

[0026] A flat plate fixture 11 is clamped in the three-jaw chuck 10, and the flat plate fixture 11 includes an upper flat plate fixture 1102 and a lower flat plate fixture 1101, and the clamping surfaces of the upper flat plate fixture 1102 and the lower flat plate fixture 1101 are flat. A metal plate 12 to be processed is clamped between the upper flat plate fixture 1102 and the lower flat plate fixture 1101, and a field lens 13 in a galvanometer-type laser processing system is provided directly above the metal plate 12 to be processed. The upper flat plate fixture 1102 and the lower flat plate fixture 1101 are fixedly connected by a first pin 1103 and a second pin 1104.

[0027] It also includes a level meter, which is arranged on the flat plate fixture 11. The level meter is used to detect whether the clamping surfaces of the upper plate fixture 1102 and the lower plate fixture 1101 are parallel to the horizontal plane; when the clamping surface is parallel to the horizontal plane, that is, when the metal plate 12 to be processed is in a horizontal state, a latch 8 is arranged in the corresponding positioning holes on the inner dividing plate 6 and the outer dividing plate 7, and the relative position of the spindle and the machine tool dividing head base 4 is fixed by the latch 8. In addition, before laser bending and forming the corrugated plate, the level meter can be used for pre-calibration to determine the positioning holes and latch 8 on the inner dividing plate 6 and the outer dividing plate 7 before and after the rotation, so that the flat plate fixture 11 can be calibrated once and used multiple times.

[0028] The method for manufacturing corrugated plates by laser bending provided in the second embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: In this embodiment, the metal plate 12 to be processed is a 304 stainless steel sheet with a size of 30×30×0.5 mm (length×width×thickness).

[0029] [Step 1] Cut the metal plate to be processed, clean, dry and polish the front and back surfaces to remove the oxide layer, and reserve a clamping distance L of 10mm. 0 .

[0030] [Step 2] Press Figure 4 and Figure 5 The method shown is to draw the forward and reverse scanning paths along the width direction of the metal plate at equal distances. The same type of dotted lines are the actual scanning paths on this surface, and the front and back sides are staggered. Carbon black coating is applied to the length of about 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the plate width at both ends of the scanning path (the front and back sides of the metal plate are coated alternately), and the coating lengths on both sides are equal, about 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the plate width, to avoid the "boundary effect" and improve the forming quality of the sheet metal. At the same time, ensure that the width of the metal plate should be less than the width of the fixture, and the length should be within the bendable range of the thin plate. The aspect ratio of the metal plate processing area should be kept within 1 to 2 to ensure that the metal plate can be bent; the arrow direction in the figure is the scanning direction of the laser beam, and the number next to the scanning line is the scanning order of the laser beam.

[0031] [Step 3] Clamp the processed and path-planned metal plate and carbon black coating onto the flat fixture 11, adjust the rotating handle 5, make the metal plate horizontal, and start processing. The scanning length is 30mm, and the bending angle of the metal plate is set by adjusting the relevant parameters of the laser (including laser power, scanning speed, and number of scans) as needed, so that the forming angle of the metal plate remains consistent after each laser operation; for example, set the laser power to 250W, the scanning speed to 50mm / s, and the spot diameter to 0.125mm.

[0032] [Step 4] After the laser scans a single path, the metal plate is cooled to room temperature before the corrugated plate (i.e., the metal plate to be processed) can be turned over by turning the handle while controlling the moving platform in the x and y directions to continue scanning on the reverse side. During operation, the laser always maintains a scanning direction when working in different paths. Preferably, after each scan, the bending angle of each position in the bending direction of the metal plate is measured and compared with the ideal bending angle to further optimize the processing parameters.

[0033] [Step 5] After all scanning is completed, remove the processed corrugated plate and place the reserved L 0 Length of unprocessed area cut off.

[0034] In summary, according to the characteristics of the "edge effect" that occurs in the metal plate to be processed during laser bending, the second embodiment of the present invention provides that coating a carbon black layer at both ends of the scanning path of the metal plate to be processed can reduce the unevenness of the laser bending angles at various positions of the metal plate, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the "edge effect" and further improving the quality of sheet metal forming.

[0035] The contents described in the embodiments of this specification are merely an enumeration of the implementation forms of the inventive concept. The protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms described in the embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A laser bending device for fine corrugated plates, characterized in that: The invention comprises a workbench (1), on which a two-dimensional movable platform is provided, and a machine tool dividing head base (4) is connected to the two-dimensional movable platform via a fastening bolt (14); a main shaft is horizontally passed through the top of the machine tool dividing head base (4), the left end of the main shaft extends out of the machine tool dividing head base (4) and is connected to a rotating handle (5), and the right end of the main shaft extends out of the machine tool dividing head base (4) and is connected to an outer dividing plate (7) on the outer wall thereof, and the outer dividing plate (7) can rotate with the main shaft; the right end of the main shaft is connected to a three-jaw chuck (10) via a connecting device (9); the inner dividing plate (6) is semicircular, and the outer dividing plate (7) is circular, and a plurality of positioning holes are evenly distributed along the circumference on the inner dividing plate (6) and the outer dividing plate (7); A flat plate fixture (11) is clamped in the three-jaw chuck (10), and the flat plate fixture (111) comprises an upper flat plate fixture (1102) and a lower flat plate fixture (1101), and the clamping surfaces of the upper flat plate fixture (1102) and the lower flat plate fixture (1101) are planes; a metal plate (12) to be processed is clamped between the upper flat plate fixture (1102) and the lower flat plate fixture (1101), and a field mirror (13) in a galvanometer laser processing system is arranged directly above the metal plate (12) to be processed, and the upper flat plate fixture (1102) and the lower flat plate fixture (1101) are fixedly connected via a first pin (1103) and a second pin (1104); The machine tool also includes a level meter, which is arranged on the flat plate clamp (11) and is used to detect whether the clamping surfaces of the flat plate upper clamp (1102) and the flat plate lower clamp (1101) are parallel to the horizontal plane; when the clamping surfaces are parallel to the horizontal plane, that is, when the metal plate (12) to be processed is in a horizontal state, corresponding positioning holes on the inner dividing plate (6) and the outer dividing plate (7) are provided with latches (8), and the relative position of the main shaft and the machine tool dividing head base (4) is fixed by the latches (8).

2. A micro-corrugated plate laser bending and forming device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The two-dimensional moving platform comprises an x-axis displacement platform (3) and a y-axis displacement platform (2); the x-axis displacement platform (3) and the y-axis displacement platform (2) are arranged horizontally and are both micrometer displacement platforms.

3. A processing method for a micro-corrugated plate laser bending forming device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: After stress relief and tempering, the metal plate is cut into a preset size of the metal plate to be processed, the metal plate to be processed is cleaned and sanded with sandpaper to remove the surface oxide film, and a clamping distance L0 is reserved; Step 2, within the distance of L-L0 of the length of the metal plate to be processed, that is, within the processing area of ​​the metal plate to be processed; a front scanning path and a back scanning path extending along the width direction are equidistantly drawn along the length direction, the front scanning path is located on the front side of the metal plate to be processed, and the back scanning path is located on the back side of the metal plate to be processed, the front scanning path and the back scanning path are staggered, and the front scanning path and the back scanning path are arranged in sequence according to the front and back sides; a carbon black coating is applied at both ends of the front scanning path and the back scanning path, and the coating length of the carbon black coating at both ends is equal, and the coating length is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the width of the metal plate to be processed, so as to obtain a metal plate with a processed scanning path and a carbon black coating planned; Step 3, clamping the processed and planned scanning path and carbon black coated metal plate onto a flat fixture, adjusting the rotating handle so that the metal plate is in a horizontal state; adjusting the processing parameters of the laser according to the required bending angle of the metal plate, the processing parameters including laser power, scanning speed, and scanning times, and the laser scans in sequence according to the order of the front scanning path and the back scanning path in step 2; Step 4: After the laser single-pass scanning path is finished, when the metal plate cools down to room temperature, the metal plate is turned over by turning the handle, and the two-dimensional moving stage is controlled to continue the next scanning. The laser maintains the same scanning direction during each scanning; Step 5: After all scans are completed, remove the processed metal plate and cut off the unprocessed area of ​​the reserved L0 length.

4. The processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 4, after the laser single-pass scanning path is scanned, the bending angles at various positions in the bending direction of the metal plate are measured and compared with the preset bending angles to optimize the processing parameters.

5. The processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The width of the metal plate to be processed is less than or equal to the width of the flat fixture, or does not exceed 30% to 50% of the width of the flat fixture, and the length of the metal plate to be processed is within the bendable range of the metal plate; the aspect ratio of the processing area of ​​the metal plate to be processed is in the range of 1 to 2.

Images