Cutting insert
By designing cutting inserts with wave-shaped cutting edges and chip guiding recesses, the problems of chip removal and cutting edge stability are solved, achieving high versatility and long service life of cutting inserts, suitable for a variety of materials and cutting processes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- KENNAMETAL INC
- Filing Date
- 2021-09-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing cutting inserts are difficult to effectively remove chips when used in combination with different materials and cutting parameters, and the stability and service life of the cutting edge are insufficient.
A cutting insert is designed with a wave-shaped cutting edge and a chip guiding recess, equipped with a chip breaker element including a stepped transition structure and a non-linear connection section to enhance chip breaking and removal capabilities, and a protective chamfer is provided on the cutting edge to improve stability.
It achieves reliable chip breakage and effective chip removal, improves the versatility and service life of cutting inserts, is suitable for a variety of materials and cutting processes, and ensures the quality of machined surfaces.
Smart Images
Figure CN114309682B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a cutting insert having a cutting insert body with a central mounting section and at least one cutting edge. Furthermore, the cutting insert has a chip guide recess extending substantially along the at least one cutting edge, wherein the chip guide recess is disposed between the cutting edge and the central mounting section. A chip breaker element is disposed in the chip guide recess. Background Technology
[0002] Such cutting inserts are known in the art. They are preferably used in combination with turning tools, but can also be used in combination with milling cutters or drills.
[0003] In addition, these types of cutting inserts are mainly used for finishing operations.
[0004] The general goal of finishing operations is to produce a smooth surface on the workpiece. To achieve this, effective chip removal is necessary.
[0005] Another objective of combining finishing tools and corresponding cutting inserts is that these tools and inserts should be suitable for use with different types of materials and / or cutting processes using different cutting parameters. In other words, the cutting tools and inserts should be versatile.
[0006] Therefore, the objective of this invention is to provide an improved cutting insert. The cutting insert should be highly versatile, meaning it should be compatible with cutting processes using different materials and parameters. Of course, the cutting insert should also be able to produce a smooth surface on the workpiece.
[0007] This problem is solved by a cutting insert having a insert body with a central mounting section and at least one cutting edge. The cutting edge is wavy and generally descends from the end section towards the middle section. Additionally, a chip guide recess extends substantially along at least one cutting edge and is arranged between the cutting edge and the central mounting section. A chip breaker element is arranged in the chip guide recess, comprising a first portion having a first width and a second portion having a second width, wherein the transition between the first and second portions is formed as a step. The wavy cutting edge has the effect of reliably breaking chips. Therefore, chips can be effectively discharged. This is especially true if a high depth of cut is achieved using the cutting insert. In this context, the end section of the cutting edge is particularly arranged at the corner of the cutting insert. Therefore, the middle section of the cutting edge is preferably arranged between the two end sections. Arranging the cutting edge in a generally descending manner further promotes chip breaking and chip discharge, especially when achieving a high depth of cut. Preferably, the width of a portion of the chip breaker element is measured in a plane parallel to the top surface of the central mounting section. Preferably, one of the first and second portions is arranged on top of the other, with the portion having the larger width being the lower portion. According to variations, the portion of the chip breaker element is substantially circular. Therefore, the width can also be specified as a diameter. The chip breaker element further ensures reliable chip breakage and discharge. Because the chip breaker element comprises two portions, chip breakage and chip discharge are substantially independent of the material of the workpiece being cut and its chip formation properties. Furthermore, the two portions allow for a degree of independence between the cutting speed and the applied cutting force. Therefore, the cutting insert has high versatility in its application. Improved chip breakage and chip discharge characteristics improve the surface quality of the machined workpiece. Summary of the Invention
[0008] The cutting insert according to the invention is preferably mounted on a tool holder. The tool formed by the cutting insert and the tool holder is preferably a lathe tool.
[0009] The cutting edge of a cutting insert may be equipped with a protective chamfer extending along the entire length of the cutting edge or only in the middle section of the cutting edge. This type of chamfer improves the stability of the cutting edge, thus increasing the service life of the cutting insert.
[0010] In variations of the cutting insert, additional chip breaker elements can be arranged within the chip guide recess. These additional chip breaker elements can be distributed along the general extension of the cutting edge. In a preferred embodiment, the additional chip breaker elements are integrated into the geometry of the wavy cutting edge. This means, for example, that the chip breaker elements are arranged adjacent to the wavy section of the cutting edge. This configuration is very stable and therefore increases the lifespan of the cutting insert.
[0011] According to an embodiment, the nonlinear cutting edge includes multiple linear cutting edge segments arranged at different heights relative to the top surface of the central mounting section. Such cutting tools offer high cutting performance and long service life. In conjunction with the generally descending arrangement of the cutting edge, each linear cutting edge segment forming a crest is at the same height as or lower than its adjacent segment on the side facing the end segment of the cutting edge. Of all the linear cutting edge segments, at least one cutting edge segment is lower than its adjacent segment on the side facing the corresponding end segment.
[0012] Preferably, adjacent linear cutting edge segments are connected by nonlinear connecting segments, which are tangentially merged into adjacent linear cutting edge segments. Therefore, the cutting edge develops smoothly over its entire extension. This avoids load peaks on the cutting edge and results in a longer cutting edge lifespan. The nonlinear connecting segments may have a sinusoidal form, i.e., the segments may be formed as sinusoidal curves.
[0013] The stepped section may include a substantially flat surface. This surface is particularly arranged parallel to the top surface of the central mounting section. Therefore, the cutting insert is easy to manufacture. Simultaneously, the chip breaker element having such a stepped section allows for reliable chip breakage and discharge.
[0014] Furthermore, the chip breaker element may include a top surface substantially parallel to the top surface of the central mounting section. The top surface of the chip breaker element may be flat. Therefore, the structure and manufacture of the cutting insert are simple.
[0015] Alternatively, the chip breaker element includes a top surface that slopes towards the central mounting section. This means that the normal on the top surface slopes in the direction of the central mounting section. Preferably, the top surface is flat. This configuration improves chip removal capability.
[0016] In another alternative, the top surface of the chip breaker element is domed or convex. It may include a portion of a sphere. The normal on the top surface may be substantially vertical or inclined. Furthermore, such a surface produces good chip removal properties.
[0017] Depending on the variant, the chip breaker element is integrated with the center mounting section. Otherwise, the chip breaker element is formed as an attachment to the center mounting section, extending into the chip guide recess. The advantage of this configuration is that the cutting insert size can be compact.
[0018] Alternatively, the chip breaker element is separated from the central mounting section by a gap. Therefore, the chip breaker element can be positioned substantially independently within the chip guide recess. The position of the chip breaker element is particularly independent of the central mounting section.
[0019] The rake angle can vary along the length of the cutting edge. Specifically, the rake angle in the tip section of the cutting edge is larger than that in the middle section. Alternatively, the rake angle can vary with the waveform of the cutting edge; that is, the rake angle can vary between the crests and troughs of the waveform. For example, the rake angle can increase from a crest until it reaches the lowest point of an adjacent trough. Thus, starting from the lowest point of the trough, the rake angle can decrease until it reaches another crest. Preferably, the rake angle is always positive. Therefore, the cutting edge is stable and suitable for high-performance cutting operations.
[0020] The cutting insert may also include coolant channels arranged adjacent to or within the chip guide recess. Preferably, the coolant channels extend generally toward the chip breaker element. Therefore, coolant can be supplied to the chip breaker element and the corresponding cutting zone in a precise and efficient manner.
[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the cutting insert includes an additional cutting edge, wherein the cutting edge and the additional cutting edge form adjacent edges of a polygon and intersect at a corner portion of the cutting insert. In this context, the corner may be rounded. The polygon may be quadrilateral, hexagonal, or octagonal. Such cutting inserts are suitable for use in standard cutting tools.
[0022] The chip breaker element is preferably arranged in the corner portion. More preferably, the chip breaker element is arranged on the angle bisector of the cutting edge and the additional cutting edge. Therefore, the chip breaker element can interact with the chips cut by the two cutting edges in a substantially equal manner. In other words, the chip breaker element is distributed to both cutting edges.
[0023] The cutting edge can be rounded using a fillet radius, where the fillet radius at the crest of a wavy cutting edge is larger than the fillet radius at the trough of the wavy cutting edge. This type of cutting edge is very stable and increases the service life of the corresponding cutting insert.
[0024] Advantageously, the cutting insert is an indexable cutting insert. Therefore, the cutting insert can be used in different orientations on corresponding cutting tools. This is an efficient way to use cutting inserts. Attached Figure Description
[0025] The invention will now be explained with reference to the different embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings,
[0026] - Figure 1 A perspective view shows a cutting blade according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[0027] - Figure 2 Shown in top view Figure 1 The cutting blade, the cutting blade also corresponding to Figure 1 A bottom view of the cutting insert.
[0028] - Figure 3 A side view along direction III is shown. Figure 2 Cutting blades,
[0029] - Figure 4 A side view along direction IV is shown. Figure 2 Cutting blades,
[0030] - Figure 5 A side view along direction V is shown. Figure 2 Cutting blades,
[0031] - Figure 6 It shows Figure 3 VI. Details of the cutting blade
[0032] - Figure 7 It shows Figure 2 Details VII of the cutting insert
[0033] - Figure 8 It shows Figures 1 to 7 The cutting blade along Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of plane AA in the middle.
[0034] - Figure 9 It shows Figures 1 to 7 The cutting blade along Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of plane BB in the middle.
[0035] - Figure 10 It shows Figures 1 to 7 The cutting blade along Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of plane CC in the middle.
[0036] - Figure 11 It shows Figures 1 to 7 The cutting blade along Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of plane DD in the middle.
[0037] - Figure 12 It shows Figures 1 to 7 The cutting blade along Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of the plane EE in the middle.
[0038] - Figure 13 A perspective view shows a cutting blade according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[0039] - Figure 14 It shows Figure 13 Details of the cutting inserts XIV,
[0040] - Figure 15 Along Figure 14 The corresponding side view of direction XV in the middle is shown Figure 14 Details
[0041] - Figure 16 A perspective view shows a cutting blade according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[0042] - Figure 17 It shows Figure 16 Details of the cutting inserts XVII, and
[0043] - Figure 18 Along Figure 17 The corresponding side view of direction XVIII in the middle is shown Figure 17 Details. Detailed Implementation
[0044] Figure 1 A cutting insert 10 formed as a quadrilateral indexable cutting insert is shown.
[0045] The cutting insert 10 has a cutting insert body 12 with a central mounting section 14.
[0046] The central mounting section 14 includes a top surface 16 and a bottom surface 18 that are substantially parallel to each other. A mounting hole 20 connecting the top surface 16 and the bottom surface 18 is provided in the middle of the central mounting section 14.
[0047] The cutting insert 10 can be mounted on a known tool holder in a generally known manner using the mounting hole 20. For this purpose, mounting screws or clamps can be inserted into the mounting hole 20.
[0048] Since the cutting insert 10 has a quadrilateral shape and is double-sided, the cutting insert comprises a total of eight cutting edges 22a to 22h.
[0049] Each cutting edge 22a to 22h extends substantially along the cutting insert body 12 and its cutting edge.
[0050] Furthermore, each of the cutting edges 22a to 22h is associated with a chip guiding recess 24a to 24h that extends substantially along the corresponding cutting edge 22a to 22h.
[0051] Each of the chip guide recesses 24a to 24h is arranged between the corresponding cutting edge 22a to 22h and the central mounting section 14.
[0052] In the following text, for ease of explanation, the structure of cutting edges 22a to 22h will be explained with reference only to cutting edges 22a and 22b. These cutting edges 22a and 22b are exemplary for the remaining cutting edges.
[0053] Cutting edges 22a and 22b form adjacent edges of the cutting insert 10 and intersect in the rounded corner portion 26 of the cutting insert.
[0054] Both cutting edges 22a and 22b are wavy.
[0055] Therefore, they include the peaks generally indicated by reference symbol 28 and the troughs generally indicated by reference symbol 30.
[0056] More specifically, the cutting edges 22a and 22b include multiple linear cutting edge segments 32, which may form crests 28 or troughs 30.
[0057] Adjacent linear cutting edge segments 32 are connected by nonlinear connection segments 34. The nonlinear connection segments 34 are tangentially merged into adjacent linear cutting edge segments 32 (see [link]). Figure 6 ).
[0058] Therefore, the cutting edges 22a and 22b are smooth, that is, they do not include the sharp edges along their general extension.
[0059] Naturally, the linear sections 32 of the cutting edges 22a and 22b are set at different heights relative to the top surface 16 of the central mounting section 14, that is, the distance between the top surface 16 and the linear section 32, measured essentially along the vertical direction V, varies between the linear sections 32.
[0060] Each of the cutting edges 22a and 22b includes end sections 36a and 36b forming a corner portion 26. The cutting edges 22a and 22b include additional end sections 38a and 38b at their respective opposite ends.
[0061] Between the corresponding end sections 36a, 36b, 38a, and 38b, the cutting edges 22a and 22b each include intermediate sections 40a and 40b.
[0062] The cutting edges 22a and 22b are generally designed such that they descend from the corresponding end sections 36a, 36b, 38a, and 38b toward the corresponding intermediate sections 40a and 40b. This means that the distance between a portion of one of the cutting edges 22a and 22b located in the corresponding end sections 36a, 36b, 38a, and 38b and the top surface 16 of the central mounting section 14 is less than the distance between a portion of one of the cutting edges 22a and 22b located in the corresponding intermediate sections 40a and 40b and the top surface 16 of the central mounting section 14.
[0063] Distance is always measured along the vertical direction V.
[0064] The rake angle γ of the cutting edges 22a and 22b varies along the length of the cutting edges 22a and 22b. In the example shown, the rake angle γ is always positive (see [reference]). Figures 8 to 12 ).
[0065] The two trends overlap. First, the rake angle γ in the end sections 36a, 36b, 38a, and 38b corresponding to cutting edges 22a and 22b is usually greater than the rake angle in the corresponding middle sections 40a and 40b.
[0066] Secondly, the rake angle γ varies along the waveforms of cutting edges 22a and 22b. In this context, the rake angle γ in the crest 28 is generally greater than the rake angle in the corresponding trough 30.
[0067] In addition, the cutting edge is rounded with a fillet radius R.
[0068] The fillet radius R at the crest 28 of the wave cutting edges 22a and 22b is greater than the fillet radius R at the trough 30 of the wave cutting edges 22a and 22b.
[0069] To facilitate chip breaking and chip removal, chip breaker element 42 is arranged in chip guide recesses 24a, 24b.
[0070] The chip breaker element 42 is arranged in the corner portion 26.
[0071] More precisely, the chip breaker element 42 is arranged on the angle bisector of the cutting edges 22a and 22b (see...). Figure 7 ).
[0072] Therefore, the chip breaker element 42 is suitable for breaking chips generated by cutting operations using cutting edges 22a and 22b.
[0073] In other words, the chip breaker element 42 is attributed to the cutting edge 22a and the cutting edge 22b.
[0074] Because the chip breaker element is arranged close to the cutting edges 22a, 22b, the chip breaker element is particularly suitable for finishing operations.
[0075] The chip breaker element 42 includes a first portion 44 having a first width W1.
[0076] In the example shown, the first part 44 is the lower part of the chip breaker element 42.
[0077] Additionally, the chip breaker element 42 includes a second portion 46 having a second width W2.
[0078] The second part 46 is the upper part of the chip breaker element 42 and is arranged on top of the first part 44.
[0079] The first width W1 is greater than the second width W2.
[0080] Therefore, the transition between the first part 44 and the second part 46 is formed as a step 48.
[0081] The second part 46 is limited by the top surface 50 of the chip breaker element 42. The top surface 50 is inclined toward the central mounting section 14 (see...). Figure 6 ).
[0082] exist Figures 1 to 12 In the example shown, the chip breaker element 42 is arranged such that it is merged with the central mounting section 14.
[0083] Additional chip breaker elements 52 are arranged along the cutting edges 22a, 22b.
[0084] These chip breaker elements 52 are basically arranged in a manner adjacent to the crests 28 of the wave-shaped cutting edges 22a, 22b.
[0085] The chip breaker element is formed to merge with the waveform of the cutting edges 22a, 22b. This means that when viewed in a side view, the outer contour of the chip breaker element 52 at least partially and at least substantially follows the cross-section of the corresponding cutting edges 22a, 22b.
[0086] According to the second embodiment, the cutting blade 10 is in Figures 13 to 15 The following is an illustration. In the narration, only the differences relative to the cutting blade 10 according to the first embodiment will be explained. Identical or corresponding elements will be designated with the same reference numerals.
[0087] The difference is related to the chip breaker element 42.
[0088] In the second embodiment, the top surface 50 of the chip breaker element is flat and substantially parallel to the top surface 16 of the central mounting section 14.
[0089] In addition, the stepped structure 48 includes a substantially flat surface 54.
[0090] In addition, the substantially flat surface 54 is arranged parallel to the top surface 16 of the central mounting section 14.
[0091] Furthermore, the cutting blade 10 according to the second embodiment includes several coolant channels 55a to 55h.
[0092] All coolant passages 55a to 55h are arranged within the corresponding chip guide recesses 24a to 24d.
[0093] More specifically, coolant passages 55a and 55h are arranged within the wall section of the chip guiding recess 24a, coolant passages 55b and 55c are arranged within the wall section of the chip guiding recess 24b, coolant passages 55d and 55e are arranged within the wall section of the chip guiding recess 24c, and coolant passages 55f and 55g are arranged within the wall section of the chip guiding recess 24d.
[0094] All coolant passages 55a to 55h are generally recessed in shape, meaning that the top side of each of the coolant passages 55a to 55h is open.
[0095] Furthermore, coolant passages 55a to 55h are arranged such that their general extensions point toward the corresponding chip breaker element 42.
[0096] In the second embodiment, two coolant channels point to each of the chip breaker elements 42, for example, coolant channels 55a and 55b point to the chip breaker elements 42.
[0097] For the remaining features of the cutting blade 10 according to the second embodiment, refer to the explanation of the first embodiment.
[0098] In addition, it should be understood that the coolant channels 55a to 55h explained only in conjunction with the second embodiment can also be used for the cutting blade 10 according to the first embodiment or the cutting blade 10 according to the third embodiment, as will be explained below.
[0099] According to the third embodiment, the cutting blade 10 is... Figures 16 to 18 The following is an illustration. In the narration, only the differences relative to the cutting blade 10 according to the first embodiment will be explained. Identical or corresponding elements will be designated with the same reference numerals.
[0100] The difference also relates to the chip breaker element 42.
[0101] In the third embodiment, the chip breaker element 42 is separated from the central mounting section 14 by the gap 56, that is, the chip breaker element 42 is no longer merged with the central mounting section 14.
[0102] Furthermore, the chip breaker element 42 is thus formed according to the chip breaker element 42 of the second embodiment.
[0103] Therefore, the top surface 50 of the chip breaker element is flat and substantially parallel to the top surface 16 of the central mounting section 14.
[0104] Additionally, the stepped structure 48 includes a substantially flat surface 54 arranged parallel to the top surface 16 of the central mounting section 14.
[0105] In the third embodiment, only two of the four corners of the cutting insert 10 are equipped with chip breaker elements 42 as described above. This is the case when corner 26 is formed by cutting edges 22a and 22b and corner 22c and 22d.
[0106] The corner formed by cutting edges 22b and 22c does not include a chip breaker element. The corner formed by cutting edges 22d and 22a also does not include a chip breaker element.
[0107] For the remaining features of the cutting blade 10 according to the third embodiment, refer to the explanation of the first embodiment.
Claims
1. A cutting insert (10) having a cutting insert body (12) having a central mounting section (14) and at least one cutting edge (22a to 22h). The cutting edges (22a to 22h) are wavy from the end sections (36a, 36b, 38a, 38b) of the corner-forming portion of the cutting edges (22a to 22h) to the middle sections (40a, 40b) of the cutting edges (22a to 22h) and descend from the end sections (36a, 36b, 38a, 38b) of the cutting edges (22a to 22h) toward the middle sections (40a, 40b) of the cutting edges (22a to 22h), and the distance between the end sections (36a, 36b, 38a, 38b) of the cutting edges (22a to 22h) and the top surface (16) of the center mounting section (14) is less than the distance between the middle sections (40a, 40b) of the cutting edges (22a to 22h) and the top surface (16). A chip guiding recess (24a to 24h) extending substantially along the at least one cutting edge (22a to 22h) is arranged between the cutting edge (22a to 22h) and the central mounting section (14), and a chip breaker element (42) is arranged in the chip guiding recess (24a to 24h). The chip breaker element (42) includes a first portion (44) having a first width (W1) and a second portion (46) having a second width (W2), wherein the transition between the first portion (44) and the second portion (46) is formed as a step (48).
2. The cutting blade (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting edge (22a to 22h) includes a plurality of linear cutting edge segments (32) set at different heights relative to the top surface (16) of the central mounting section (14).
3. The cutting blade (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that, Adjacent linear cutting edge segments (32) are connected by nonlinear connection segments (34), wherein the nonlinear connection segments (34) are tangentially merged into the adjacent linear cutting edge segments (32).
4. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The stepped structure (48) includes a substantially flat surface (54), and in particular, the surface (54) is arranged parallel to the top surface (16) of the central mounting section (14).
5. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The chip breaker element (42) includes a top surface (50) that is substantially parallel to the top surface (16) of the central mounting section (14).
6. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The chip breaker element (42) includes a top surface (50) that is inclined toward the central mounting section (14).
7. The cutting blade (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The chip breaker element (42) is integrated with the central mounting section (14).
8. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The chip breaker element (42) is separated from the central mounting section (14) by a gap (56).
9. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The rake angle (γ) varies along the length of the cutting edge (22a to 22h).
10. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The coolant passages (55a to 55h) are arranged adjacent to or within the chip guide recesses (24a to 24h).
11. The cutting blade (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... Additional cutting edges (22a to 22h), wherein the additional cutting edges (22a to 22h) and the additional cutting edges (22a to 22h) form adjacent edges of a polygon and intersect in the corner portion (26) of the cutting blade (10).
12. The cutting blade (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that, The chip breaker element (42) is arranged in the corner portion (26), and in particular, the chip breaker element (42) is arranged on the angle bisector of the cutting edge (22a to 22h) and the additional cutting edge (22a to 22h).
13. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The cutting edges (22a to 22h) are rounded with a fillet radius (R), wherein the fillet radius (R) at the crest (28) of the wave-shaped cutting edges (22a to 22h) is greater than the fillet radius (R) at the trough (30) of the wave-shaped cutting edges (22a to 22h).
14. The cutting insert (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The cutting insert (10) is an indexable cutting insert (10).