A 12GHz 60° conical beam antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12GHz, comprising a circular patch antenna with a loaded circular ring gap placed on the surface of a first dielectric substrate, a metal column running through the entire first dielectric substrate, a feed source and a metal ground placed on the bottom layer of the first dielectric substrate, a microstrip ring placed on the top layer of a second dielectric substrate, and a metal ground placed on the bottom plate of the second dielectric substrate, wherein the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are parallel and the centers of the circles are facing each other. The present invention has a simple structure, a suitable volume, a suitable operating frequency, a large angle, a high gain, and is convenient for later design and debugging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cone-beam antennas, and in particular relates to a 60-degree cone-beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz. Background Art

[0002] Conical beam antenna is a type of antenna with radial symmetry in lobe pattern and polarization direction. It has no radiation in the normal direction of the aperture, and the maximum radiation direction is on the cone surface with a certain inclination angle to the normal. Conical beam has many applications in electronic systems. For example, in high-performance wireless LAN, a cone beam with an inclination angle of 60° is required; in ground vehicle and satellite communications, a cone beam with a 30°-70° angle is required; in mobile communications, a cone beam with different inclination angles corresponding to different frequencies is required. With the rapid development of the above-mentioned application fields, the research on cone beam antennas has received more and more attention and has become a research hotspot at home and abroad in recent years.

[0003] In the realization of conical beam, many structures have been reported, including microstrip printed unit structure, microstrip array structure, dielectric resonator structure, waveguide structure, structure, left-handed material structure, slot array structure, monopole array structure, lens antenna structure, ring loop structure, magneto-electric dipole array structure, etc. Although there are various forms of conical beam antennas, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Since the present invention is based on a planar printed antenna, the current development status is briefly introduced. In 1984, scholar J. Huang proposed the use of circular patches for high-order mode TM n1 The mode realizes a circularly polarized conical beam antenna. n1 The bandwidth of the tapered beam antenna realized by the pattern is only 4%. n1 The field distribution of the mode on the aperture is not completely symmetrical in the circumferential direction, so the azimuth ripples are large when used to realize the cone beam. 02 The mode realizes a circumferentially symmetrical conical beam antenna. The antenna uses an off-center probe feed, operates at 5.2 GHz, and has an antenna gain of 4.2 dB. There are also reports of TM using circular patches. 01 The conical beam antenna realized by the mode works at 5.8GHz and uses probe center feeding. It can achieve an impedance bandwidth of 1.5% on a dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.787mm. When the thickness of the dielectric substrate increases to 3mm, the impedance bandwidth can be 5%. In short, the current conical beam antenna has many limitations in operation. While ensuring the performance of one aspect, it may have to compromise on other aspects of the antenna's performance, and it cannot meet its needs in many application fields. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz, so as to solve the problems of complex conical beam structure design and low gain in the prior art, and further reduce the system size.

[0005] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is: a 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12GHz, comprising a circular patch antenna with a loaded circular ring gap placed on the surface of a first dielectric substrate, a metal column running through the entire first dielectric substrate, a feed source and a metal ground placed on the bottom layer of the first dielectric substrate, a microstrip ring placed on the top layer of a second dielectric substrate, and a metal ground placed on the bottom plate of the second dielectric substrate, wherein the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are parallel and the centers of the circles are facing each other.

[0006] Preferably, the feed probe passes through a hole arranged at the center of the first dielectric substrate and is welded on the circular patch antenna.

[0007] Preferably, the metal pillars are arranged at equal intervals on the same circumference.

[0008] Preferably, the number of the metal pillars is 8 and they are arranged on a circle with a radius of 25 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the inner diameter of the annular gap is 2 mm and the width is 0.2 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the radius of the circular patch antenna is 7.8 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the radius of the metal ground on the back side of the first dielectric substrate is 30 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the microstrip ring is 14 circular rings, and the inner and outer radii are r1=9mm, R1=11mm, r2=19.5mm, R2=20.5mm, r3=29mm, R3=31mm, r4=39mm, R4=41mm, r5=48.5mm, R5=51.5mm, r6=58mm, R6=62mm, r7=68.5mm, R7=71.5mm, r8=78. 5mm, R8=81.5mm, r9=88.5mm, R9=91.5mm, r10=98.5mm, R10=101.5mm, r11=108.5mm, R11=111 .5mm, r12=118.5mm, R12=121.5mm, r13=128.5mm, R13=131.5mm, r14=138.5mm, R14=141.5mm.

[0013] Preferably, the radius of the metal ground on the back side of the second dielectric substrate is 170 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the distance between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is h1=33 mm.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0016] 1. The selection of the working mode of the circular patch antenna loaded with an annular gap in the present invention allows the antenna to achieve the target performance with a smaller size. At the same time, the innovative choice of installing 8 metal pillars around it better promotes the formation of the antenna radiation pattern. At the same time, the annular gap on the antenna allows the antenna to have a better match, thereby achieving the design purpose.

[0017] 2. The circular ring structure used on the second dielectric substrate of the present invention successfully adjusted the phase of the antenna pattern, preliminarily keeping the phase of the antenna consistent in the 60° direction, thus achieving the original intention of the design.

[0018] 3. In the present invention, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are respectively fixed on the metal base and are linked in the middle by other means, which is convenient for assembly and debugging, and is also more convenient to carry after being disassembled.

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the upper part of the 60° conical beam antenna of the present invention with a frequency of 12 GHz.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the lower part of the 60° conical beam antenna of the present invention with a frequency of 12 GHz.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the dimensions of the medium circular patch antenna.

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the dimensions of the medium reflector.

[0025] Figure 6 The single circular patch antenna S is a 60° conical beam antenna of the present invention at 12 GHz frequency. 11 Simulation diagram.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a simulation of the single antenna pattern of the 60° conical beam antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 12 GHz.

[0027] Figure 8It is a simulation of the reflector phase adjustment of the 60° conical beam antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 12 GHz.

[0028] Fig. 9 It is the reflection coefficient simulation of the 60° conical beam antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 12 GHz.

[0029] Fig.10 It is a simulation of the directional pattern of the 60° conical beam antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 12 GHz. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12GHz, which achieves a desired angle by reflecting the radiation pattern of a circular patch antenna loaded with a circular ring gap by a reflector, is mainly composed of two different dielectric substrates, an upper part and an lower part, the centers of the two substrates are opposite, the upper part is mainly composed of a circular patch antenna loaded with a circular ring gap placed on the surface of a first dielectric substrate, a circular metal column running through the entire first dielectric substrate, and a feed source and a metal ground placed on the bottom layer of the first dielectric substrate, and the lower part is mainly composed of a microstrip ring placed on the top layer of a second dielectric substrate and a metal ground placed on the bottom layer of the second dielectric substrate.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, in a further embodiment, the feed probe passes through a hole arranged at the center of the first dielectric substrate and is welded on the circular patch antenna.

[0032] Preferably, the first dielectric substrate material is Rogers RO4003, with a dielectric constant of 3.55, a thickness of 1.524 mm, and a radius of 30 mm.

[0033] Preferably, the metal pillars are arranged at equal intervals on the same circumference, and the number is 8. The height of the metal pillars is h1=4mm, the diameter is d1=4mm, the angle between each pillar is phi=45°, and the distance from the center of the circle is l1=25mm.

[0034] Preferably, the inner diameter of the annular gap is 2 mm and the width is 0.2 mm.

[0035] Preferably, the radius of the circular patch antenna is 7.8 mm.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, in a further embodiment, the second dielectric substrate material is Rogers 5880, with a dielectric constant of 2.2, a thickness of 0.508 mm, and a radius of the entire dielectric substrate of 170 mm.

[0037] The microstrip rings are 14 circular rings, and the inner and outer radii are r1=9mm, R1=11mm, r2=19.5mm, R2=20.5mm, r3=29mm, R3=31mm, r4=39mm, R4=41mm, r5=48.5mm, R5=51.5mm, r6=58mm, R6=62mm, r7=68.5mm, R7=71.5mm, r8=78.5mm m, R8=81.5mm, r9=88.5mm, R9=91.5mm, r10=98.5mm, R10=101.5mm, r11=108.5mm, R11=111. 5mm, r12=118.5mm, R12=121.5mm, r13=128.5mm, R13=131.5mm, r14=138.5mm, R14=141.5mm.

[0038] Preferably, the radius of the metal ground on the back side of the second dielectric substrate is 170 mm.

[0039] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0040] First, the circular microstrip patch antenna loaded with annular gaps on the first dielectric substrate is fed to generate an initial antenna pattern. After the influence of the metal pillar, the antenna pattern initially has the characteristics of a cone beam. Then, the pattern generated by the circular microstrip patch antenna loaded with annular gaps is irradiated onto a dielectric substrate with multiple concentric circular microstrips of different thicknesses at a certain distance. These concentric circular microstrips of different thicknesses are used to adjust the phase of the antenna pattern in the next step. After the adjustment of these concentric circular microstrips of different thicknesses, the phase of the antenna is consistent at 60°. Finally, the initial pattern generated by the circular microstrip patch antenna loaded with annular gaps reaches the envisioned cone beam pattern after the phase adjustment of the dielectric substrate with multiple concentric circular microstrips of different thicknesses. The next step is to further optimize and adjust the dimensions of various components.

[0041] Figure 6 The HFSS simulation software is used to simulate the resonant frequency at 12 GHz. The reflection coefficient S of the circular microstrip antenna loaded with a circular annular crack in the embodiment of the present invention is 11 As can be seen from the figure, the S11 of the antenna in the range of 11GHz to 12.54GHz is less than -10dB, which meets the general application requirements. It reaches the lowest point of -32dB at the frequency of 11.96GHz. Figure 7 This is the simulation result of a single antenna pattern. It can be seen from the figure that the maximum gain direction of the antenna is at 59°, and its gain at this angle is 4.2dB. At the same time, it can be seen from the 0° and 90° lines that the antenna pattern has good symmetry.

[0042] Figures 8 to 10 For joint simulation, the upper and lower parts of the antenna are put into one project and simulated in HFSS. Figure 8 It can be seen that the reflection coefficient S of the antenna in the range of 11.03GHz to 12.59GHz is 11 All are less than -10dB, which meets general application requirements, and reaches the lowest point of -30dB at the frequency of 12.02GHz. Fig. 9 The simulation result of the overall antenna pattern shows that the maximum gain direction of the antenna is at 58°, and its gain at this angle is 7.9dB. At the same time, it can be seen from the 0° and 90° directions that the antenna pattern is very symmetrical. Compared with the simulation result of a single antenna, the gain is 3dB larger, and the effect is significant, which shows the feasibility of the method. Fig.10 This is the phase change of the entire antenna on the 60° line. It can be seen that within the effective range of the antenna, the phase of the antenna as a whole presents a horizontal straight line. Such a change illustrates the feasibility of using a microstrip ring to change the phase.

Claims

1. A 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz, characterized in that: The invention comprises a circular patch antenna with a loaded circular ring gap arranged on the surface layer of a first dielectric substrate, a metal column running through the entire first dielectric substrate, a feed source and a metal ground arranged on the bottom layer of the first dielectric substrate, a microstrip ring arranged on the top layer of a second dielectric substrate, and a metal ground arranged on the bottom plate of the second dielectric substrate. The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are parallel and the centers of the circles are facing each other. The metal columns surround the circular patch and are arranged at equal intervals on the same circumference. The microstrip ring is a plurality of concentric microstrip rings of different thicknesses.

2. The 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed source passes through a hole arranged at the center of the first dielectric substrate and is welded on the circular patch antenna.

3. The 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The number of the metal pillars is 8 and they are arranged on a circle with a radius of 25 mm.

4. The 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the annular gap is 2 mm and the width is 0.2 mm.

5. The 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the circular patch antenna is 7.8 mm.

6. The 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the metal ground of the bottom layer of the first dielectric substrate is 30 mm.

7. The 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microstrip rings are 14 circular rings, and the inner and outer radii are r1=9mm, R1=11mm, r2=19.5mm, R2=20.5mm, r3=29mm, R3=31mm, r4=39mm, R4=41mm, r5=48.5mm, R5=51.5mm, r6=58mm, R6=62mm, r7=68.5mm, R7=71.5mm, r8=78.5mm m, R8=81.5mm, r9=88.5mm, R9=91.5mm, r10=98.5mm, R10=101.5mm, r11=108.5mm, R11=111. 5mm, r12=118.5mm, R12=121.5mm, r13=128.5mm, R13=131.5mm, r14=138.5mm, R14=141.5mm.

8. The 60° conical beam antenna with a frequency of 12 GHz according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the metal ground on the back side of the second dielectric substrate is 170 mm.

9. The 12 GHz 60° conical beam antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that , the distance between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is h1=33mm.

Images