Seismic wave first arrival picking method and device

Abstract

The present application provides a method and apparatus for picking seismic wave first arrivals, comprising: obtaining a designated detection point in a target work area where seismic wave first arrivals have been picked; performing a traversal step: obtaining seismic wave first arrivals of a target detection point in a second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs, based on a preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, a preset wavelet length range, and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point; using the target detection point as the designated detection point, and performing the traversal step again until all arrangements in the target work area have seismic wave first arrivals. The present application can improve the efficiency and accuracy of picking seismic wave first arrivals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a method and device for picking up the first arrival of seismic waves. Background Art

[0002] In seismic exploration, first-arrival picking aims to determine the time of the first arrival in a seismic trace as accurately as possible, laying the foundation for calculating static corrections. Accurately picking the first arrival time is crucial for static corrections and other subsequent processing, and is also highly valuable for improving the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data.

[0003] In the existing technology, the first arrival picking method includes semi-automatic first arrival picking or automatic picking methods. The semi-automatic picking methods mainly include the long-short time window energy ratio method, high-order statistics and other methods and their improved algorithms. These methods are not adaptive algorithms. When the adjacent tracks change drastically or bad tracks, dead tracks or low signal-to-noise appear, it is easy to cause the first arrival picking failure. Other methods such as wavelet transform, fractal dimension and waveform similarity also play a certain role in first arrival picking, but when the background noise is strong or the data quality is poor, the first arrival cannot be picked accurately. The latest seismic wave first arrival picking technology based on deep learning has established an optimized nonlinear mapping model, but it is heavily dependent on the input data and the corresponding label classification output, and is currently only tested on limited data. The effectiveness and efficiency of this technology for first arrival picking of big data need to be further observed.

[0004] Therefore, traditional seismic wave first-arrival picking technology uses the same method and unified parameters to pick first-arrivals in batches. The method and parameters cannot change adaptively during the picking process, and do not consider the comprehensive impact of factors such as seismic trace energy differences, waveform differences, and background noise differences on the effectiveness of first-arrival. At the same time, it also does not consider the spatial differences and correlations of multiple quantitative parameters such as seismic trace energy ratios and kurtosis. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to at least one problem in the prior art, the present application proposes a method and device for picking up the first arrival of seismic waves, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of picking up the first arrival of seismic waves.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for picking a seismic wave first arrival, comprising:

[0008] Obtain the designated detection points of the picked-up seismic wave first arrival in the target work area;

[0009] Performing a traversal step: obtaining a seismic wave first arrival of a target detection point in a second array adjacent to the first array to which the designated detection point belongs based on a preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, a preset wavelet length range, and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point;

[0010] The target detection point is used as the designated detection point, and the traversal step is performed again until each arrangement in the target work area has a first arrival of seismic waves.

[0011] Furthermore, obtaining the seismic wave first arrival of a target detection point in a second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs based on the preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, the preset wavelet length range, and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point includes:

[0012] Taking the first arrival of the seismic wave corresponding to the designated detection point as the first center point, within the preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, determine the maximum value of the energy mean ratio of the long and short time windows of the designated detection point, and the target time sample point corresponding to the maximum value;

[0013] The detection point closest to the designated detection point in the second arrangement is used as the target detection point;

[0014] Taking the target time sample point as the second center point, the maximum peak value of the target detection point is determined within the preset wavelet length range, and the time sample point corresponding to the maximum peak value is used as the first arrival of the seismic wave of the target detection point.

[0015] Furthermore, after obtaining the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point in the second array adjacent to the first array to which the designated detection point belongs, the method further includes:

[0016] Determine whether the target detection point meets the specified conditions, if so, the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point is valid;

[0017] Among them, the specified conditions include: the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset long-short time window energy ratio threshold value and the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the specified detection point; and the maximum peak value of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset kurtosis threshold value and the maximum peak value of the specified detection point.

[0018] Furthermore, after determining whether the target detection point meets a specified condition, the method further includes:

[0019] If the target detection point does not meet the specified conditions, the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point is determined to be invalid, and the current traversal step is terminated.

[0020] Furthermore, obtaining the seismic wave first arrival of a target detection point in a second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs based on a preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, a preset wavelet length range, and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point further includes:

[0021] Taking the first arrival of the seismic wave at the designated detection point as the first center point, the maximum peak value of the designated detection point is determined within a preset longitudinal sliding time window length.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present application provides a seismic wave first arrival picking device, comprising:

[0023] An acquisition module is used to obtain the designated detection points of the picked-up seismic wave first arrivals in the target work area;

[0024] a traversal module configured to perform a traversal step of obtaining, based on a preset longitudinal sliding window length range, a preset wavelet length range, and the first arrival of the seismic wave of the designated detection point, a first arrival of the seismic wave of a target detection point in a second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs;

[0025] The first arrival picking module is used to use the target detection point as the designated detection point and execute the traversal step again until each arrangement in the target work area has a first arrival of seismic waves.

[0026] Furthermore, the traversal module includes:

[0027] A detection point data acquisition unit is used to determine, with the first arrival of the seismic wave corresponding to the designated detection point as the first center point, a maximum value of the energy mean ratio of the long and short time windows of the designated detection point within a preset longitudinal sliding time window length, and a target time sample point corresponding to the maximum value;

[0028] a detection point determining unit, configured to select the detection point in the second arrangement that is closest to the designated detection point as a target detection point;

[0029] The first arrival picking unit is used to determine the maximum peak value of the target detection point within a preset wavelet length range with the target time sample point as the second center point, and use the time sample point corresponding to the maximum peak value as the first arrival of the seismic wave of the target detection point.

[0030] Furthermore, the seismic wave first arrival picking device further includes:

[0031] A judgment module, configured to judge whether the target detection point meets a specified condition, and if so, the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point is valid;

[0032] Among them, the specified conditions include: the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset long-short time window energy ratio threshold value and the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the specified detection point; and the maximum peak value of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset kurtosis threshold value and the maximum peak value of the specified detection point.

[0033] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the seismic wave first arrival picking method when executing the program.

[0034] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, which implement the seismic wave first arrival picking method when the instructions are executed.

[0035] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the present application provides a method and device for picking up seismic wave first arrivals. The method includes: obtaining a designated detection point of a picked up seismic wave first arrival in a target work area; performing a traversal step: based on a preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, a preset wavelet length range and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point, obtaining the seismic wave first arrival of a target detection point in a second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs; using the target detection point as the designated detection point, performing the traversal step again until each arrangement in the target work area has a seismic wave first arrival, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of picking up seismic wave first arrivals; specifically, using a very small number of manually picked first arrivals and using reasonable parameter calculations to achieve automatic picking of first arrivals, which can save manpower and improve the accuracy of first arrival picking; and can solve the problem of picking up seismic wave first arrivals with low signal-to-noise ratio, drastic changes in first arrivals, and difficulty in identifying starting points in seismic data processing, thereby ensuring the accuracy of static correction calculations and improving the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for picking up the first arrival of seismic waves in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 201 to 203 of the method for picking the first arrival of a seismic wave in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 3 is a flow chart of a method for picking up a seismic wave first arrival including step 301 in another embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the seismic wave first arrival picking method in the application example of this application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a seismic single shot manually picked up at first arrival at position 1 in an example of the present application;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a seismic single shot where the commercial software automatically picks up the first arrival in an example of position 1 in this application;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a seismic single shot automatically picked up at the first arrival by this method in position 1 in an example of this application;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a seismic single shot manually picked up at the first arrival at position 2 in an example of the present application;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a seismic single shot automatically picked up by commercial software at position 2 in an example of this application;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a seismic single shot automatically picking up the first arrival of this method in position 2 in an example of this application;

[0047] Figure 11 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic wave first arrival picking device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 12 This is a schematic block diagram of the system structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] For work areas with complex surface areas and large data volumes, efficient and rapid first arrival detection is a pressing challenge. Traditionally, first arrival detection is performed manually based on changes in seismic wave amplitude and waveform. This is not only labor-intensive and time-consuming, but also, due to subjective variability, it is difficult to standardize the detection criteria, leading to biased and inconsistent detection results. With the increasing volume of data in 3D seismic exploration, high-precision and rapid detection of seismic wave first arrivals has become a crucial step in seismic data processing.

[0051] Furthermore, the currently used seismic wave first-arrival picking technology struggles to effectively combine manually picked seismic first arrivals with computer-generated first arrivals, preserving valid manually picked first arrivals while also enabling computers to automatically pick first arrivals based on the same criteria as the manually picked first arrivals. In fact, quantitative parameters such as energy ratio and kurtosis in 3D seismic data exhibit certain similarities and gradual variations between adjacent arrangements, rather than being completely independent and unrelated. First, near the first arrival of a seismic wave, the signal undergoes a sudden change. Specifically, the energy of seismic waves below the first arrival time is generally very low, resulting in a chaotic waveform. From the first arrival onward, the seismic wave energy rapidly increases, with pronounced lateral isotropic characteristics and enhanced vertical and horizontal consistency. Second, within the short first arrival window (i.e., the sliding window length), quantitative parameters such as energy ratio and kurtosis, used to determine whether a seismic wave is a first arrival, exhibit inherent similarities or similarities between adjacent or similar arrangements, demonstrating a certain regularity. Therefore, the application of these quantitative parameters can not only be used to determine the first arrival of seismic waves in single-channel seismic records, but also all the quantitative parameters of the entire arrangement can be integrated into the first arrival picking algorithm in some way, which can ensure that manual and computer first arrival picking work between each arrangement is extremely similar or even the same standard, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of seismic wave first arrival picking.

[0052] Based on this, the present application provides a method and device for picking the first arrival of seismic waves. Based on a very small number of first arrivals picked manually, reasonable parameter calculation and quantitative mapping are used to realize automatic first arrival picking, automatic tracking, and automatic editing of the first arrivals of three-dimensional seismic data. This can save a lot of manpower and avoid human subjective influence, so as to achieve the purpose of retaining the original first arrival and realizing high-precision, efficient and automatic picking of other effective first arrivals of seismic waves.

[0053] The details are described in detail through the following embodiments.

[0054] In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of seismic wave first arrival picking, this embodiment provides a seismic wave first arrival picking method in which the execution subject is a seismic wave first arrival picking device, and the seismic wave first arrival picking device includes but is not limited to a server, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically includes the following contents:

[0055] Step 101: Obtain designated detection points of the picked-up seismic wave first arrivals in the target work area.

[0056] Specifically, the target work area can be the entire project construction area or a portion of the entire project construction area; the target work area can have multiple single shots, each single shot includes multiple arrays, each array can have multiple detection points, each detection point can correspond to a complete seismic trace data, and each seismic trace data can have multiple seismic trace sub-data; the seismic trace sub-data can be a portion of the seismic trace data. The first array can have one or more designated detection points where the first arrival of the seismic wave has been manually picked.

[0057] Step 102: Execute the traversal step: based on the preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, the preset sub-wave length range and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point, obtain the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point in the second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs.

[0058] Specifically, the longitudinal sliding window length range can represent the time interval from the start time to the end time in the time axis direction. The seismic wavelet can represent a signal with a certain start time, limited energy, and a certain duration, which is the basic unit in the seismic record. The wavelet length can represent the duration of the first arrival wavelet of the seismic wave, in units of milliseconds or seconds. In this application, the longitudinal sliding window length range and the wavelet length range can be set according to actual needs and are not limited in this application.

[0059] Among them, the arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement and currently not picking up the first arrival of the seismic wave can be used as the second arrangement, and the first arrangement and the second arrangement can correspond to the same single shot; the target detection point can be the detection point in the second arrangement that is closest to the designated detection point, or it can be the detection point in the second arrangement that has the same channel number as the designated detection point.

[0060] Step 103: Using the target detection point as the designated detection point, the traversal step is performed again until all arrangements in the target work area have first arrivals of seismic waves.

[0061] Specifically, the method can be performed until all permutations in the target work area have a detection point with a picked-up seismic wave first arrival. For a single shot in the target work area, a designated detection point for the picked-up seismic wave first arrival of the single shot can be obtained, and a traversal step is performed: based on a preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, a preset wavelet length range, and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point, the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point in the second permutation adjacent to the first permutation to which the designated detection point belongs is obtained; the traversal step is performed again using the target detection point as the designated detection point until all permutations in the single shot have a seismic wave first arrival; if there are multiple single shots in the target work area, the above method can be used to ensure that all permutations in the single shot have a seismic wave first arrival, and thus all permutations in the target work area have a seismic wave first arrival.

[0062] In order to avoid the influence of waveform difference and energy difference between seismic trace data on the first arrival picking and further improve the reliability and accuracy of seismic wave first arrival, in one embodiment of the present application, see Figure 2 , step 102 includes:

[0063] Step 201: Taking the first arrival of the seismic wave corresponding to the designated detection point as the first center point, determine the maximum value of the energy mean ratio of the long and short time windows of the designated detection point within the preset longitudinal sliding time window length, and the target time sample point corresponding to the maximum value.

[0064] Specifically, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Among them, A i It represents the energy mean ratio of the long and short time windows corresponding to the i-th time sample point in the specified seismic trace data, α represents the stability factor, and x p Indicates the amplitude value of the pth time sample point in the specified seismic trace data within the sliding time window with a long time window length of n1, x q represents the amplitude value of the qth time sample point in the specified seismic trace data within the sliding time window with a long time window length of n2, C represents the average energy of N time sample points in the specified seismic trace data, x t It represents the amplitude value of the t-th time sample point in the specified seismic trace sub-data, and N represents the number of time sample points in the specified seismic trace sub-data.

[0070] If the maximum value of the energy mean ratio of the long and short time windows of the designated detection point is determined, then the designated seismic trace sub-data may be the seismic trace sub-data corresponding to the designated detection point, x p and x q can be obtained with the seismic wave first arrival corresponding to the designated detection point as the center; if the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the target detection point is determined, then the designated seismic trace sub-data can be the seismic trace sub-data corresponding to the target detection point, x p and x q They can be obtained with the first arrival of the seismic wave corresponding to the target time sample point as the center.

[0071] The maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio in each seismic trace sub-data corresponding to the designated detection point is taken as the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio corresponding to the designated detection point.

[0072] Step 202: The detection point in the second arrangement that is closest to the designated detection point is used as a target detection point.

[0073] Step 203: Taking the target time sample point as the second center point, within the preset wavelet length range, determine the maximum peak value of the target detection point, and use the time sample point corresponding to the maximum peak value as the first arrival of the seismic wave of the target detection point.

[0074] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, K represents the kurtosis corresponding to the seismic trace sub-data at the current time window position in the specified seismic trace data, x i represents the amplitude value of the i-th time sample point in the seismic trace data, and n represents the time window T of the seismic trace data. shift The number of time samples within represents the average amplitude value of n time sample points of seismic trace data, δ x Indicates the variance of the amplitude values ​​of n time sample points of the seismic trace data.

[0077] If the maximum peak value of the target detection point is obtained, the above-mentioned specified seismic trace data can be the seismic trace data corresponding to the target detection point, and n can represent the number of time sample points within the preset sub-wavelength range with the target time sample point as the center point; if the maximum peak value of the specified detection point is obtained, the above-mentioned specified seismic trace data can be the seismic trace data corresponding to the specified detection point, and n can represent the number of time sample points within the preset longitudinal sliding time window length with the first arrival of the seismic wave at the specified detection point as the center point.

[0078] The maximum kurtosis value among the sub-data of each seismic trace corresponding to the target detection point is taken as the maximum peak value, and the time sample point corresponding to the maximum peak value is taken as the first arrival of the seismic wave of the target detection point.

[0079] In order to further improve the reliability of obtaining the first arrival of seismic waves, see Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present application, after step 102, the method further includes:

[0080] Step 301: Determine whether the target detection point meets the specified conditions. If so, the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point is valid; wherein, the specified conditions include: the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset long-short time window energy ratio threshold value and the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the specified detection point; and the maximum peak value of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset kurtosis threshold value and the maximum peak value of the specified detection point.

[0081] The preset long-short time window energy ratio threshold value and the preset kurtosis threshold value can be set according to actual conditions, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0082] In order to improve the efficiency of obtaining the first arrival of seismic waves while ensuring the reliability of obtaining the first arrival of seismic waves, in one embodiment of the present application, after determining whether the target detection point meets the specified conditions in step 301, the following steps are further included:

[0083] Step 401: If the target detection point does not meet the specified conditions, it is determined that the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point is invalid, and the current traversal step is terminated.

[0084] In order to further improve the reliability of determining the maximum peak value of the designated detection point, in one embodiment of the present application, step 102 further includes:

[0085] Step 501: Taking the first arrival of the seismic wave at the designated detection point as the first center point, determine the maximum peak value of the designated detection point within a preset longitudinal sliding time window length.

[0086] In order to quickly pick up more effective first arrivals in the entire work area, this solution also provides a specific application example of a seismic wave first arrival picking method. The method includes: inputting a long / short time window energy ratio threshold value Ath, i.e., the long / short time window energy ratio threshold value, a kurtosis threshold value Pkth, and a sub-wavelength T. w , longitudinal sliding window length T shift and 3D seismic data, and ensure that a certain arrangement of a single shot has a seismic wave first arrival, then pick up the other seismic wave first arrivals of the shot through the multi-parameter automatic mapping algorithm and retain the original first arrival, finally achieving the first arrival picking work of the entire work area. In this application example, see Figure 4, the method is described in detail as follows:

[0087] S11: Input 3D shot gather data: Input 3D shot gather seismic data of the seismic acquisition area, and ensure that a certain arrangement in a single shot has picked up the first arrival of the seismic wave, wherein the arrangement can be equivalent to a section of seismic trace data, and a single shot corresponding to the 3D seismic data contains multiple arrangements.

[0088] S12: Set threshold value Ath, Pkth, sub-wave length T w , longitudinal sliding window length T shift and other parameters.

[0089] S13: Select the arrangement r0 and data with the first arrival in the single shot: select all the arrangement data in the single shot, filter and save the data and other information of the arrangement (recorded as r0) that has picked up the first arrival fbt.

[0090] S14: Calculate the kurtosis of the seismic trace and find its maximum value Pkmax: Calculate the kurtosis and its maximum value corresponding to the seismic trace data within the current time window. Step S14 specifically includes:

[0091] S141: With the first arrival of the seismic wave fbt as the center point, the length of the vertical sliding window is T shift Within the range, calculate the data kurtosis K channel by channel.

[0092] S142: Find the maximum point Pkmax of the single-channel kurtosis curve K.

[0093] S15: Calculate the short-time window energy ratio of the seismic trace and find its maximum value Amax: take the first arrival of the seismic wave as the center point, and slide the window length T in the longitudinal direction. shift Within the range, calculate the average energy ratio A of the long and short time windows and its maximum value for each channel, that is, find the maximum point Amax of the energy ratio curve of a single channel and record the relative position Lr of this point.

[0094] S16: Save the data of the adjacent arrangement r1 and other information.

[0095] S17: Mapping the position, first arrival fbt, Pkmax, and Amax parameters to the arrangement r1: Map the maximum peak value Pkmax, maximum energy ratio Amax, first arrival fbt, and relative position Lr (expressed by track number) to the adjacent arrangement according to the following steps. Step S17 specifically includes:

[0096] S171: Find the detection point Lr0 that is closest to the position Lr among all the detection points in the adjacent array (denoted as r1). The location of detection point Lr0 is the location to which the parameters such as the first arrival need to be mapped. A array contains multiple detection points. Here, the detection point that is closest to the position Lr is found.

[0097] S172: Map the initial arrival fbt, Pkmax, and maximum energy ratio Amax to position Lr0.

[0098] S18: Calculate the energy ratio of the long and short time windows of the arrangement r1, and preliminarily determine the first arrival of the seismic data of this track: take the first arrival of the seismic wave fbt as the center point, and slide the time window length T in the longitudinal direction. shift Within the range, calculate the energy mean ratio A of the long and short time windows according to step S14, and find the maximum value of A and its corresponding time fbtr.

[0099] S19: Accurately locate the first arrival of the trace within a wavelet length range: with fbtr as the center point, T w The maximum value of the data is found within the length range of / 2, and the time sample point corresponding to the maximum value is taken as the first arrival time fbt0 of the trace.

[0100] S20: Calculate the kurtosis and the energy ratio of the long-short time window of the seismic trace, and find their maximum values ​​Pkmax0 and Amax0 respectively: According to steps S14 and S15, obtain the maximum peak value Pkmax0, maximum energy ratio Amax0 and other information of the seismic trace respectively, and save the relevant information.

[0101] S21: Determine whether Pkmax0>=min(Pkth, Pkmax)&&Amax0>=min(Ath, Amax): Determine whether the seismic channel fbt0 is a valid first arrival of the channel, condition 1, Pkmax0>=min(Pkth, Pkmax); condition 2, Amax0>=min(Ath, Amax). If the above two conditions are met at the same time, the first arrival is a valid first arrival, and step S22 is executed. Otherwise, it is an invalid first arrival, and the first arrivals of other seismic channels in arrangement r1 are picked up, and step S16 is executed again.

[0102] S22: Outputting the first arrival of the seismic trace: saving and outputting the first arrival of the seismic trace and related information.

[0103] After picking one shot, follow the above steps to pick the next shot. By continuously mapping existing first arrivals and multiple calculated quantitative parameters to adjacent arrangement picking and automatic editing of first arrivals, we ultimately achieve automatic, high-precision picking of seismic wave first arrivals based on multi-parameter mapping.

[0104] Taking the actual three-dimensional data of a certain area in the west as an example, some first arrivals have been manually picked for this work area, but the data volume of the work area is extremely large, the signal-to-noise ratio is low, the first arrival starting point is difficult to determine, and the remaining first arrivals cannot be manually picked in a short time. Initial parameters are given to verify the feasibility, accuracy and advancement of the seismic wave first arrival picking method provided in this application.

[0105] Initial given parameters: input long / short time window energy ratio threshold value Ath is 1, maximum kurtosis threshold value Pkth is 3, sub-wavelength T w The vertical sliding window length is 40ms. shift The first arrival of the three-dimensional seismic data is picked up in each shot area. Two typical single shots in the work area are selected to demonstrate the advancement and stability of this method. The arrangement positions of the two single shots manually picked up the first arrival are at the center of the shot. At position 1, the manually picked arrangement (called seed arrangement), the seed arrangement using existing commercial software, and the first arrival of the seismic wave picked up automatically in the seed arrangement by the method provided by this application are as follows: Figures 5 to 7 As shown, a1 to a3 represent the first arrivals obtained by using different seismic wave first arrival picking methods at the same point in position 1; the first arrivals picked manually at position 2, the first arrivals picked automatically by using existing commercial software in seed arrangement, and the first arrivals picked automatically by the seismic wave first arrival picking method provided by this application in seed arrangement are shown in FIG. Figures 8 to 10 As shown, b1 to b3 represent the first arrivals obtained at the same point in position 2 using different seismic wave first arrival picking methods.

[0106] Depend on Figures 5 to 10 As can be seen from the above steps, the automatic first arrival picking process is performed. At the manually picked seed arrangement location, this method can fully retain the high-quality manually picked first arrivals. However, the first arrival picking quality of the commercial software at this location needs to be further improved. In particular, in areas with large apparent velocity variations and low signal-to-noise ratios, the first arrivals exhibit abnormalities such as cross-layering and random flying, which will seriously affect the quality of static correction. At the two arrangements farthest from the seed arrangement, even in areas with low signal-to-noise ratios and rapid apparent velocity variations, the commercial software can automatically pick all the first arrivals for the shot, but the quality of the picked first arrivals cannot be guaranteed, and subsequent processing will cause many problems. This method can pick high-quality seismic wave first arrivals.

[0107] From the software level, in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of seismic wave first arrival picking, the present application provides an embodiment of a seismic wave first arrival picking device for realizing all or part of the contents of the seismic wave first arrival picking method, see Figure 11 The seismic wave first arrival picking device specifically includes the following contents:

[0108] The acquisition module 10 is used to acquire the designated detection points of the picked-up seismic wave first arrivals in the target work area.

[0109] The traversal module 20 is used to perform the traversal step: based on the preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, the preset sub-wave length range and the seismic wave first arrival of the specified detection point, obtain the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point in the second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the specified detection point belongs.

[0110] The first arrival picking module 30 is used to use the target detection point as a designated detection point and execute the traversal step again until each arrangement in the target work area has a first arrival of seismic waves.

[0111] In one embodiment of the present application, the traversal module includes:

[0112] A detection point data unit is obtained, which is used to determine the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the specified detection point within a preset longitudinal sliding time window length, with the first arrival of the seismic wave corresponding to the specified detection point as the first center point, and the target time sample point corresponding to the maximum value.

[0113] The detection point determining unit is configured to use the detection point in the second arrangement that is closest to the designated detection point as a target detection point.

[0114] The first arrival picking unit is used to determine the maximum peak value of the target detection point within a preset wavelet length range with the target time sample point as the second center point, and use the time sample point corresponding to the maximum peak value as the first arrival of the seismic wave of the target detection point.

[0115] In one embodiment of the present application, the seismic wave first arrival picking device further includes:

[0116] A judgment module is used to judge whether the target detection point meets specified conditions. If so, the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point is valid; wherein the specified conditions include: the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between a preset long-short time window energy ratio threshold value and the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the specified detection point; and the maximum peak value of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between a preset kurtosis threshold value and the maximum peak value of the specified detection point.

[0117] The embodiment of the seismic wave first-arrival picking device provided in this specification can be specifically used to execute the processing flow of the embodiment of the above-mentioned seismic wave first-arrival picking method. Its functions will not be described in detail here, and you can refer to the detailed description of the embodiment of the above-mentioned seismic wave first-arrival picking method.

[0118] As can be seen from the above description, the seismic wave first arrival picking method and device provided by the present application is based on the certain regularity of the parameters such as the first arrival, kurtosis and energy ratio of similar positions of adjacent seismic channel data, and explores the internal connection. According to the first arrival manually picked in a single shot, the initial parameters such as the long and short time window energy value threshold, kurtosis threshold, sub-wavelength and longitudinal sliding time window length are first input. By calculating the high-order statistics kurtosis and long and short time average ratio (STA / LTA) A of the data within the first arrival short time window range, the position parameters, first arrival, maximum kurtosis and maximum energy ratio are mapped to adjacent similar positions. Then, the first arrival is picked up within the new seismic data small window, the above parameters are calculated, and the validity of the first arrival is judged based on the quantitative parameters of the previous seismic channel, thereby finally achieving the goal of accurately picking up the first arrival. This application uses easy-to-understand input parameters. By combining parameters such as first arrival, position, maximum value of the energy ratio of long and short time windows, and maximum value of kurtosis, it explores the inherent quantitative relationship of first arrivals and automatically determines whether the data is valid. This not only takes into account the correlation and difference characteristics of adjacent first arrivals in geophysics, but also assigns the human picking mode to the computer through quantitative mathematical expression, and automatically picks and screens first arrivals. This can save a lot of manpower and avoid the drawbacks of inconsistent picking standards between humans and computers during the picking process, the inability of computers to take into account the spatial correlation of first arrivals, and the inability to automatically judge and edit first arrivals. It can largely solve the problems of picking seismic waves with low signal-to-noise ratio, drastic changes in first arrivals, and difficult-to-identify starting points in seismic data processing. It can improve the accuracy of static correction calculations and greatly improve project operation efficiency.

[0119] From a hardware perspective, in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of seismic wave first-break picking, the present application provides an embodiment of an electronic device for implementing all or part of the contents of the seismic wave first-break picking method. The electronic device specifically includes the following contents:

[0120] A processor, a memory, a communications interface, and a bus; wherein the processor, the memory, and the communications interface communicate with each other via the bus; the communications interface is used to implement information transmission between the seismic wave first-arrival pickup device and related devices such as a user terminal; the electronic device can be a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a mobile terminal, etc., but this embodiment is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the electronic device can be implemented with reference to the embodiments for implementing the seismic wave first-arrival pickup method and the embodiments for implementing the seismic wave first-arrival pickup device, the contents of which are incorporated herein and repeated parts are not repeated.

[0121] Figure 12 Schematic block diagram of the system structure of the electronic device 9600 according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 12As shown, the electronic device 9600 may include a central processing unit 9100 and a memory 9140; the memory 9140 is coupled to the central processing unit 9100. It is worth noting that the Figure 12 is exemplary; other types of structures may also be used to supplement or replace this structure to implement telecommunication functions or other functions.

[0122] In one or more embodiments of the present application, the seismic wave first arrival picking function may be integrated into the central processing unit 9100. The central processing unit 9100 may be configured to perform the following control:

[0123] Step 101: Obtain designated detection points of the picked-up seismic wave first arrivals in the target work area.

[0124] Step 102: Execute the traversal step: based on the preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, the preset sub-wave length range and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point, obtain the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point in the second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs.

[0125] Step 103: Using the target detection point as the designated detection point, the traversal step is performed again until all arrangements in the target work area have first arrivals of seismic waves.

[0126] It can be seen from the above description that the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application can improve the efficiency and accuracy of picking up the first arrival of seismic waves.

[0127] In another embodiment, the seismic wave first arrival picking device can be configured separately from the central processing unit 9100. For example, the seismic wave first arrival picking device can be configured as a chip connected to the central processing unit 9100, and the seismic wave first arrival picking function can be realized through the control of the central processing unit.

[0128] like Figure 12 As shown, the electronic device 9600 may further include: a communication module 9110, an input unit 9120, an audio processor 9130, a display 9160, and a power supply 9170. It is worth noting that the electronic device 9600 does not necessarily have to include Figure 12 In addition, the electronic device 9600 may also include all components shown in Figure 12 For components not shown, reference may be made to the prior art.

[0129] like Figure 12 As shown, the central processing unit 9100 is sometimes also referred to as a controller or operation control, and may include a microprocessor or other processor device and / or logic device. The central processing unit 9100 receives input and controls the operation of various components of the electronic device 9600.

[0130] Memory 9140 can be, for example, one or more of a cache, flash memory, hard drive, removable media, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or other suitable devices. It can store the aforementioned failure-related information and also store programs that execute the relevant information. The CPU 9100 can execute the programs stored in memory 9140 to implement information storage or processing.

[0131] The input unit 9120 provides input to the central processing unit 9100. The input unit 9120 may be, for example, a keypad or touch input device. The power supply 9170 is used to provide power to the electronic device 9600. The display 9160 is used to display objects such as images and text. The display may be, for example, an LCD display, but is not limited thereto.

[0132] The memory 9140 may be a solid-state memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), or a SIM card. Alternatively, it may be a memory that retains information even when power is off, can be selectively erased, and is provided with more data. Examples of such memory are sometimes referred to as EPROMs. The memory 9140 may also be some other type of device. The memory 9140 includes a buffer memory 9141 (sometimes referred to as a buffer). The memory 9140 may include an application / function storage unit 9142 for storing application programs and function programs or processes for executing the operation of the electronic device 9600 by the central processing unit 9100.

[0133] The memory 9140 may also include a data storage unit 9143 for storing data, such as contacts, digital data, pictures, sounds, and / or any other data used by the electronic device. The driver storage unit 9144 of the memory 9140 may include various driver programs for communication functions of the electronic device and / or for executing other functions of the electronic device (such as messaging applications, address book applications, etc.).

[0134] The communication module 9110 is a transmitter / receiver 9110 that transmits and receives signals via an antenna 9111. The communication module (transmitter / receiver) 9110 is coupled to the central processor 9100 to provide input signals and receive output signals, which may be the same as in a conventional mobile communication terminal.

[0135] Based on different communication technologies, multiple communication modules 9110 can be provided in the same electronic device, such as a cellular network module, a Bluetooth module, and / or a wireless local area network module. The communication module (transmitter / receiver) 9110 is also coupled to a speaker 9131 and a microphone 9132 via an audio processor 9130 to provide audio output via the speaker 9131 and receive audio input from the microphone 9132, thereby implementing common telecommunication functions. The audio processor 9130 may include any suitable buffer, decoder, amplifier, etc. Furthermore, the audio processor 9130 is also coupled to the central processing unit 9100, enabling local recording via the microphone 9132 and playback of stored audio via the speaker 9131.

[0136] It can be seen from the above description that the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application can improve the efficiency and accuracy of picking up the first arrival of seismic waves.

[0137] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium capable of implementing all steps of the seismic wave first-break picking method in the above-mentioned embodiment. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, all steps of the seismic wave first-break picking method in the above-mentioned embodiment are implemented. For example, when the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:

[0138] Step 101: Obtain designated detection points of the picked-up seismic wave first arrivals in the target work area.

[0139] Step 102: Execute the traversal step: based on the preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, the preset sub-wave length range and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point, obtain the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point in the second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs.

[0140] Step 103: Using the target detection point as the designated detection point, the traversal step is performed again until all arrangements in the target work area have first arrivals of seismic waves.

[0141] It can be seen from the above description that the computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application can improve the efficiency and accuracy of seismic wave first arrival picking.

[0142] In this application, the various embodiments of the above method are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For related parts, please refer to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0143] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0144] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the steps in the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0145] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0146] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0147] Specific embodiments are used in this application to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. A method for picking up the first arrival of seismic waves, characterized in that: include: Obtain the designated detection points of the picked-up seismic wave first arrival in the target work area; Performing a traversal step: obtaining a seismic wave first arrival of a target detection point in a second array adjacent to the first array to which the designated detection point belongs based on a preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, a preset wavelet length range, and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point; Taking the target detection point as the designated detection point, the traversal step is performed again until each arrangement in the target work area has a first arrival of seismic waves; The method of obtaining the seismic wave first arrival of a target detection point in a second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs based on a preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, a preset wavelet length range, and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point comprises: Taking the first arrival of the seismic wave corresponding to the designated detection point as the first center point, within the preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, determine the maximum value of the energy mean ratio of the long and short time windows of the designated detection point, and the target time sample point corresponding to the maximum value; The detection point closest to the designated detection point in the second arrangement is used as the target detection point; Taking the target time sample point as the second center point, the maximum peak value of the target detection point is determined within the preset wavelet length range, and the time sample point corresponding to the maximum peak value is used as the first arrival of the seismic wave of the target detection point.

2. The seismic wave first arrival picking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After obtaining the seismic wave first arrival of a target detection point in a second array adjacent to the first array to which the designated detection point belongs, the method further includes: Determine whether the target detection point meets the specified conditions, if so, the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point is valid; Among them, the specified conditions include: the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset long-short time window energy ratio threshold value and the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the specified detection point; and the maximum peak value of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset kurtosis threshold value and the maximum peak value of the specified detection point.

3. The method for picking up the first arrival of seismic waves according to claim 2, wherein: After determining whether the target detection point meets the specified conditions, the method further includes: If the target detection point does not meet the specified conditions, the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point is determined to be invalid, and the current traversal step is terminated.

4. The seismic wave first arrival picking method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining a seismic wave first arrival of a target detection point in a second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs based on a preset longitudinal sliding time window length range, a preset wavelet length range, and the seismic wave first arrival of the designated detection point further includes: Taking the first arrival of the seismic wave at the designated detection point as the first center point, the maximum peak value of the designated detection point is determined within a preset longitudinal sliding time window length.

5. A seismic wave first arrival picking device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to obtain the designated detection points of the picked-up seismic wave first arrivals in the target work area; a traversal module configured to perform a traversal step of obtaining, based on a preset longitudinal sliding window length range, a preset wavelet length range, and the first arrival of the seismic wave of the designated detection point, a first arrival of the seismic wave of a target detection point in a second arrangement adjacent to the first arrangement to which the designated detection point belongs; a first arrival picking module, configured to use the target detection point as a designated detection point and execute the traversal step again until all arrangements in the target work area have a first arrival of seismic waves; The traversal module includes: A detection point data acquisition unit is used to determine, with the first arrival of the seismic wave corresponding to the designated detection point as the first center point, a maximum value of the energy mean ratio of the long and short time windows of the designated detection point within a preset longitudinal sliding time window length, and a target time sample point corresponding to the maximum value; a detection point determining unit, configured to select the detection point in the second arrangement that is closest to the designated detection point as a target detection point; The first arrival picking unit is used to determine the maximum peak value of the target detection point within a preset wavelet length range with the target time sample point as the second center point, and use the time sample point corresponding to the maximum peak value as the first arrival of the seismic wave of the target detection point.

6. The seismic wave first arrival pickup device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: A judgment module, configured to judge whether the target detection point meets a specified condition, and if so, the seismic wave first arrival of the target detection point is valid; Among them, the specified conditions include: the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset long-short time window energy ratio threshold value and the maximum value of the long-short time window energy mean ratio of the specified detection point; and the maximum peak value of the target detection point is not less than the minimum value between the preset kurtosis threshold value and the maximum peak value of the specified detection point.

7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the seismic wave first arrival picking method described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the instructions are executed, the seismic wave first arrival picking method described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

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