Shear impact test device and test method for anchor rod or anchor cable between dislocated rock layers

Abstract

The shear impact test device for anchor rods or cables between dislocated rock strata includes a fixed seat, a portal rigid frame, a nitrogen cylinder, a spring-type gas-filled accumulator, an impact test bench, an impact hammer, a similar material shear box and an automatic drilling machine. The nitrogen cylinder is connected to the impact hammer through a high-pressure hose, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator is arranged on the high-pressure hose, the impact hammer is fixedly arranged on the top of the impact test bench, the similar material shear box is composed of a first box body, a second box body and a third box body spliced ​​together on the left and right, an anchor assembly is arranged in the similar material shear box, the bottoms of the first box body and the third box body are fixedly supported on the impact test bench through rigid pads, and the automatic drilling machine is fixedly arranged on the right side of the impact test bench. The invention is scientifically designed and can simulate and explore the anti-shear deformation law and stress distribution law of anchor rods or cables under different external impact dynamic load shearing between dislocated rock strata under laboratory conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rock burst tests in coal mine tunnels, and in particular to a shearing impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers and a test method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, anchor rod and anchor cable support has become the main support method for coal mine tunnels and has been widely promoted and applied in coal mine tunnels in my country. Anchor rod and anchor cable support is to anchor anchor rods and anchor cables in stable coal rock mass to control the deformation and sliding dislocation of tunnel surrounding rock. Studying the shear deformation law of anchor rods and anchor cables under different external impact dynamic load conditions between dislocated rock layers is of great significance to effectively improve the reliability of anchor rod and anchor cable support performance and ensure the safety of mining engineering. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shear impact test device and a test method for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock strata. The present invention is scientifically designed and can simulate and explore the shear deformation law and stress distribution law of anchor rods or anchor cables under different external impact dynamic load shearing actions between dislocated rock strata under laboratory conditions.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] The shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock strata comprises a fixed seat, a portal rigid frame, a nitrogen cylinder, a spring-type gas-filled accumulator, an impact test bench, an impact hammer, a similar material shear box and an automatic drilling machine. The lower end of the portal rigid frame is welded to the fixed seat, the nitrogen cylinder is fixedly arranged on the fixed seat and is located in the portal rigid frame, the nitrogen cylinder is connected to the impact hammer through a high-pressure hose, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator is arranged on the high-pressure hose, the impact hammer is fixedly arranged on the top of the impact test bench and the hammer head of the impact hammer extends downward for impact, and the similar material shear box comprises a first box body, a second box body and a third box body, the first box body, the second box body and the third box body are spliced ​​left and right into a rectangular box body, the right side of the first box body, the left and right sides of the second box body and the left and right sides of the third box body are connected to the same box body. The sides are open, and the inner walls of the front and rear plates of the right port of the third box are provided with vertical sliding grooves, and a lifting steel plate for blocking the right port of the third box is vertically slid between the two vertical sliding grooves, and a circular hole that is transparent to the left and right is opened in the center of the lifting steel plate. The first box, the second box and the third box are respectively filled with coal and rock similar materials of different strengths, and the similar material shear box is provided with anchoring components that penetrate and anchor in the three kinds of coal and rock similar materials on the left and right. The right side of the anchoring component passes through the circular hole to the right and extends out of the similar material shear box. The bottoms of the first box and the third box are fixedly supported on the impact test bench by rigid pads, and the second box is located directly below the impact hammer with the bottom in a suspended state, and the automatic drilling machine is fixedly arranged on the right side of the impact test bench and corresponds to the similar material shear box on the left and right.

[0006] Two nitrogen cylinders are arranged side by side on the left and right, and the two nitrogen cylinders are connected in series. Each nitrogen cylinder is connected to the impact hammer through two high-pressure hoses.

[0007] The impact test bench includes a rigid crossbeam plate, four high-rigidity rigid columns and an electromagnetic platform base. The rigid crossbeam plate is horizontally arranged directly above the electromagnetic platform base. The four high-rigidity rigid columns are vertically arranged. The four high-rigidity rigid columns are arranged in a rectangular array. Threaded grooves are arranged around the lower surface of the rigid crossbeam plate and the upper surface of the electromagnetic platform base. The upper ends of the four high-rigidity rigid columns are respectively threadedly fixed in the four threaded grooves on the upper side, and the lower ends of the four high-rigidity rigid columns are respectively threadedly fixed in the four threaded grooves on the lower side. Two rigid pads are magnetically fixed on the upper surface of the electromagnetic platform base at intervals on the left and right and are located between the four high-rigidity rigid columns.

[0008] The adjacent two end edges of the first box body, the second box body and the third box body are all butted and fixed by clamping, the bottom of the first box body is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad on the left, and the bottom of the third box body is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad on the right.

[0009] The automatic drilling machine includes a drilling platform, a guide rail, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic linear feed mechanism, a feed pulley, a small hydraulic station and an integrated CNC system. The drilling platform is arranged on the right side of the impact test bench. The guide rail is arranged horizontally on the upper part of the drilling platform along the left and right directions and corresponds to the left and right sides of the circular hole. The hydraulic motor is fixedly installed on the left side of the feed pulley. A three-jaw chuck is fixedly arranged on the left end of the power shaft of the hydraulic motor. The hydraulic linear feed mechanism is arranged in the guide rail and drives the feed pulley to slide on the guide rail. The small hydraulic station is fixedly installed on the drilling platform. The integrated CNC system is installed inside the drilling platform. The press station is connected to the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic linear feed mechanism through hydraulic oil pipes respectively. The integrated CNC system is connected to the small hydraulic station, the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic linear feed mechanism signals respectively. A forward control wrench, a reverse control wrench, a forward control wrench, a reverse control wrench, a speed control rotary knob and a propulsion speed control knob are arranged on the front side of the drilling platform. The forward control wrench, the reverse control wrench and the speed control rotary knob are all connected to the hydraulic motor signal, and the forward control wrench, the reverse control wrench and the propulsion speed control knob are all connected to the hydraulic linear feed mechanism signal.

[0010] The anchoring assembly includes an anchor rod or anchor cable, a tray and a nut. The anchor rod or anchor cable is horizontally penetrated and anchored in three coal and rock similar materials along the left and right directions. The right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable passes through the circular hole to the right. The tray is mounted on the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable and is pressed tightly against the right side of the lifting steel plate. The nut is threadedly mounted on the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable and is pressed tightly against the right side of the tray.

[0011] The test method of the shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers specifically comprises the following steps:

[0012] (1) Install the fixed test device: Use a high-pressure hose to connect the spring-type gas-charged accumulator to the impact hammer, and perform impact debugging of the impact hammer;

[0013] (2) Fill the similar material shear box with coal and rock similar materials, and then place the similar material shear box in the working position on the impact test bench;

[0014] (3) Adjust the position and height of the automatic drilling machine so that the power shaft of the hydraulic motor is concentric with the circular hole on the lifting steel plate and the left end of the guide rail is about 15 cm away from the lifting steel plate;

[0015] (4) Drilling anchor holes in coal and rock similar materials: Start the automatic drilling machine, fix the drill rod on the three-jaw chuck, operate the forward control wrench, reverse control wrench, forward control wrench, backward control wrench, speed control knob and propulsion speed control knob, the hydraulic motor drives the drill rod to rotate, and the hydraulic linear feed mechanism drives the feed pulley to move forward to the left along the guide rail, so that the drill rod passes through the circular hole on the lifting steel plate to the left and continues to drill to the left. The drill rod passes through the three strengths of coal and rock similar materials inside the similar material shear box in turn until the left end drill bit of the drill rod drills to the inner side of the left side plate of the first box body, stops drilling, the feed pulley retreats, the drill rod is withdrawn from the similar material shear box, and the drill rod is removed;

[0016] (5) Install anchor rods or anchor cables;

[0017] (6) Conduct impact dynamic load shear test;

[0018] (7) After the impact test, reset the hammer head of the impact hammer, release the pressure of the spring-loaded gas accumulator, turn off the electromagnetic control of the electromagnetic platform base, remove the automatic drilling machine, remove the shear box of similar materials after the impact test, dismantle the first box, the second box and the third box, take out the anchor rod or anchor cable, and observe the shear damage and deformation of the anchor rod or anchor cable.

[0019] Step (2) is specifically as follows: first, fill the first box with coal-rock similar materials of the first strength; after the coal-rock similar materials of the first strength are dried, the left end of the second box is fixedly connected to the right end of the first box; then, fill the second box with coal-rock similar materials of the second strength; after the coal-rock similar materials of the second strength are dried, the left end of the third box is fixedly connected to the right end of the second box; then, fill the third box with coal-rock similar materials of the third strength; after the coal-rock similar materials of the third strength are dried, insert the lifting steel plate into the vertical slide groove to seal the right port of the third box; then, place the similar material shearing box as a whole above the electromagnetic platform base between four high-rigidity rigid columns; the bottom of the first box is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad on the left; the bottom of the third box is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad on the right; and the second box is located directly below the impact hammer.

[0020] Step (5) is specifically as follows: according to the test requirements, resin anchor rolls of different lengths are placed at the bottom of the anchor hole in step (4), the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable is fixedly clamped in a three-jaw chuck, different speeds are set for the hydraulic motor through the integrated numerical control system, and different propulsion speeds and propulsion times are set for the feed pulley to complete the optimization study of the dynamic stirring parameters of anchor rods or anchor cables of different anchoring lengths, the automatic drilling machine is started to stir the resin anchor roll for the anchor rod or anchor cable, and after the resin anchor roll is solidified, a tray and a nut are mounted on the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable, the tray is pressed into contact with the right side of the lifting steel plate, the nut is pressed into contact with the right side of the tray, the nut is tightened, and a pre-tightening force is applied to complete the anchoring.

[0021] Step (6) is specifically as follows: according to the test requirements, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator and the impact hammer are started, the hammer head of the impact hammer is extended downward to impact, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator is used to provide impact power for the impact hammer, and an impact double shear test is performed on the top of the second box body by using a constant or cyclic impact load, and the relative displacement of the second box body and the first box body and the third box body and the anchoring condition of the anchor rod or anchor cable are observed.

[0022] The present invention has outstanding substantive features and significant progress compared to the prior art. Specifically, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] (1) The present invention can be used to optimize the parameters of anchor bolt or anchor cable dynamic stirring under laboratory conditions;

[0024] (2) The present invention can realistically simulate the deformation and stress distribution of anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers in coal mines under laboratory conditions under the impact dynamic load shearing action;

[0025] (3) The present invention can comprehensively explore the shear deformation and stress attenuation laws of anchor rods or anchor cable support systems under different strengths of dislocated rock layers and different anchoring lengths under impact dynamic shear load under laboratory conditions.

[0026] The invention is scientifically designed and can simulate and explore the anti-shear deformation law and stress distribution law of anchor rods or anchor cables under different external impact dynamic load shearing actions between dislocated rock strata under laboratory conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock strata comprises a fixing seat 1, a portal rigid frame 2, a nitrogen cylinder 3, a spring-type gas-filled accumulator (not shown), an impact test bench, an impact hammer 4, a similar material shear box and an automatic drilling machine. The lower end of the portal rigid frame 2 is welded to the fixing seat 1, the nitrogen cylinder 3 is fixedly arranged on the fixing seat 1 and is located in the portal rigid frame 2, the nitrogen cylinder 3 is connected to the impact hammer 4 through a high-pressure hose 5, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator is arranged on the high-pressure hose 5, the impact hammer 4 is fixedly arranged on the top of the impact test bench and the hammer head of the impact hammer 4 extends downward for impact, and the similar material shear box comprises a first box body 6, a second box body 7 and a third box body 8, the first box body 6, the second box body 7 and the third box body 8 are spliced ​​left and right into a rectangular box body, the right side of the first box body 6, the left side and the right side of the second box body 7 and the third box body 8 are spliced ​​left and right into a rectangular box body, and the right side of the first box body 6, the left side and the right side of the second box body 7 and the third box body 8 are spliced ​​left and right into a rectangular box body. The left and right sides of the three boxes 8 are open, and the inner walls of the front and rear side plates of the right port of the third box 8 are provided with vertical slide grooves, and a lifting steel plate 9 for blocking the right port of the third box 8 is vertically slid between the two vertical slide grooves, and a circular hole that is transparent to the left and right is provided in the center of the lifting steel plate 9. The first box 6, the second box 7 and the third box 8 are respectively filled with coal and rock similar materials of different strengths. The similar material shear box is provided with anchoring components that penetrate and anchor in the three kinds of coal and rock similar materials on the left and right. The right side of the anchoring component passes through the circular hole to the right and extends out of the similar material shear box. The bottoms of the first box 6 and the third box 8 are fixedly supported on the impact test bench by rigid pads 10. The second box 7 is located directly below the impact hammer 4 and the bottom is in a suspended state. The automatic drilling machine is fixedly arranged on the right side of the impact test bench and corresponds to the similar material shear box on the left and right.

[0031] Two nitrogen cylinders 3 are arranged side by side on the left and right, and the two nitrogen cylinders 3 are connected in series. Each nitrogen cylinder 3 is connected to the impact hammer 4 through two high-pressure hoses 5.

[0032] The impact test bench includes a rigid crossbeam plate 11, four high-rigidity rigid columns 12 and an electromagnetic platform base 13. The rigid crossbeam plate 11 is horizontally arranged directly above the electromagnetic platform base 13. The four high-rigidity rigid columns 12 are vertically arranged. The four high-rigidity rigid columns 12 are arranged in a rectangular array. Threaded grooves are arranged around the lower surface of the rigid crossbeam plate 11 and the upper surface of the electromagnetic platform base 13. The upper ends of the four high-rigidity rigid columns 12 are respectively threadedly fixed in the four threaded grooves on the upper side, and the lower ends of the four high-rigidity rigid columns 12 are respectively threadedly fixed in the four threaded grooves on the lower side. Two rigid pads 10 are magnetically fixed on the upper surface of the electromagnetic platform base 13 at intervals on the left and right and are located between the four high-rigidity rigid columns 12.

[0033] The adjacent two end edges of the first box body 6, the second box body 7 and the third box body 8 are all butted and fixed by clamping, the bottom of the first box body 6 is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad 10 on the left, and the bottom of the third box body 8 is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad 10 on the right.

[0034] The automatic drilling machine includes a drilling platform 14, a guide rail 15, a hydraulic motor 16, a hydraulic linear feed mechanism (not shown), a feed pulley 17, a small hydraulic station 18 and an integrated numerical control system (not shown). The drilling platform 14 is arranged on the right side of the impact test bench, the guide rail 15 is horizontally arranged on the upper part of the drilling platform 14 along the left and right directions and corresponds to the left and right sides of the circular hole, the hydraulic motor 16 is fixedly installed on the left side of the feed pulley 17, and a three-jaw chuck (not shown) is fixedly arranged on the left end of the power shaft of the hydraulic motor 16. The hydraulic linear feed mechanism (which can be driven by a hydraulic motor to drive the screw to rotate and drive the nut to move linearly) is arranged in the guide rail 15 and drives the feed pulley 17 to slide on the guide rail 15. The small hydraulic station 18 is fixedly installed on the drilling platform 14 The integrated numerical control system is installed inside the drilling platform 14, the small hydraulic station 18 is connected to the hydraulic motor 16 and the hydraulic linear feed mechanism through hydraulic oil pipes, and the integrated numerical control system is connected to the small hydraulic station 18, the hydraulic motor 16 and the hydraulic linear feed mechanism signals, respectively. A forward control wrench 19, a reverse control wrench 20, a forward control wrench 21, a reverse control wrench 22, a speed control rotary knob 23 and a propulsion speed control knob 24 are provided on the front side of the drilling platform 14. The forward control wrench 19, the reverse control wrench 20 and the speed control rotary knob 23 are all connected to the hydraulic motor 16 signals, and the forward control wrench 21, the reverse control wrench 22 and the propulsion speed control knob 24 are all connected to the hydraulic linear feed mechanism signals.

[0035] The anchoring assembly includes an anchor rod or anchor cable 25, a tray 26 and a nut 27. The anchor rod or anchor cable 25 is horizontally penetrated and anchored in three coal and rock similar materials along the left and right directions. The right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable 25 passes through the circular hole to the right. The tray 26 is mounted on the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable 25 and is pressed tightly against the right side of the lifting steel plate 9. The nut 28 is threadedly mounted on the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable 25 and is pressed tightly against the right side of the tray 26.

[0036] The test method of the shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers specifically comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Install and fix the test device: Use a high-pressure hose 5 to connect the spring-type gas-charged accumulator to the impact hammer 4, and perform impact debugging of the impact hammer 4;

[0038] (2) Fill the similar material shear box with coal and rock similar materials, and then place the similar material shear box in the working position on the impact test bench;

[0039] (3) Adjust the position and height of the automatic drilling machine so that the power shaft of the hydraulic motor 16 is concentric with the circular hole on the lifting steel plate 9 and the left end of the guide rail 15 is about 15 cm away from the lifting steel plate 9;

[0040] (4) Drilling anchor holes in coal and rock similar materials: Start the automatic drilling machine, fix the drill rod on the three-jaw chuck, operate the forward control wrench 19, reverse control wrench 20, forward control wrench 21, backward control wrench 22, speed control knob 23 and propulsion speed control knob 24, the hydraulic motor 16 drives the drill rod to rotate, and the hydraulic linear feed mechanism drives the feed pulley 17 to move forward to the left along the guide rail 15, so that the drill rod passes through the circular hole on the lifting steel plate 9 to the left and continues to drill to the left. The drill rod passes through the three strengths of coal and rock similar materials inside the similar material shear box in turn until the left end drill bit of the drill rod drills to the inner side of the left side plate of the first box body 6, then stops drilling, the feed pulley 17 retreats, the drill rod is withdrawn from the similar material shear box, and the drill rod is removed;

[0041] (5) Install anchor rods or anchor cables 25;

[0042] (6) Conduct impact dynamic load shear test;

[0043] (7) After the impact test, the hammer head of the impact hammer 4 is reset, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator is depressurized, the electromagnetic control of the electromagnetic platform base 13 is turned off, the automatic drilling machine is removed, the shear box of the similar material after the impact test is removed, the first box body 6, the second box body 7 and the third box body 8 are dismantled, the anchor rod or anchor cable 25 is taken out, and the shear damage and deformation of the anchor rod or anchor cable 25 are observed.

[0044] Step (2) is specifically as follows: first fill the first box body 6 with the coal-rock similar material of the first strength; after the coal-rock similar material of the first strength is dried, the left end of the second box body 7 is fixedly connected to the right end of the first box body 6; then the second box body 7 is filled with the coal-rock similar material of the second strength; after the coal-rock similar material of the second strength is dried, the left end of the third box body 8 is fixedly connected to the right end of the second box body 7; then the third box body 8 is filled with the coal-rock similar material of the third strength; after the coal-rock similar material of the third strength is dried, the pulling steel plate 9 is inserted into the vertical slide groove to seal the right port of the third box body 8; then the similar material shearing box is placed as a whole on the electromagnetic platform base 13 between the four high-rigidity rigid columns 12; the bottom of the first box body 6 is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad 10 on the left; the bottom of the third box body 8 is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad 10 on the right; and the second box body 7 is located directly below the impact hammer 4.

[0045] Step (5) is specifically as follows: according to the test requirements, resin anchor rolls of different lengths are placed at the bottom of the anchor hole in step (4), the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable 25 is fixedly clamped in the three-jaw chuck, different rotation speeds are set for the hydraulic motor 16 through the integrated numerical control system, and different propulsion speeds and propulsion times are set for the feed pulley 17 to complete the optimization study of the dynamic stirring parameters of the anchor rod or anchor cable 25 with different anchoring lengths, the automatic drilling machine is started to stir the resin anchor roll with the anchor rod or anchor cable 25, and after the resin anchor roll is solidified, the tray 26 and the nut 28 are mounted on the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable 25, the tray 26 is pressed and contacted with the right side of the lifting steel plate 9, and the nut 28 is pressed and contacted with the right side of the tray 26, the nut 28 is tightened, and a pre-tightening force is applied to complete the anchoring.

[0046] Step (6) is specifically as follows: according to the test requirements, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator and the impact hammer 4 are started, the hammer head of the impact hammer 4 is extended downward to impact, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator is used to provide impact power for the impact hammer 4, and an impact double shear test is performed on the top of the second box body 7 using a constant or cyclic impact load, and the relative displacement of the second box body 7 and the first box body 6 and the third box body 8 and the anchoring condition of the anchor rod or anchor cable 25 are observed.

[0047] The spring-type gas-filled accumulator, the impact hammer 4, the electromagnetic platform base 13, the hydraulic linear feed mechanism, the small hydraulic station 18, the integrated numerical control system, the forward control wrench 19, the reverse control wrench 20, the forward control wrench 21, the backward control wrench 22, the speed control rotary knob 23 and the propulsion speed control knob 24 are all conventional technologies, and the specific structure and working principle are not repeated. The electromagnetic platform base 13 can provide electromagnetic suction to fix the rigid pad 10 by magnetic attraction.

[0048] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or partial replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers, characterized by: It includes a fixed seat, a door-type rigid frame, a nitrogen cylinder, a spring-type gas-filled accumulator, an impact test bench, an impact hammer, a similar material shear box and an automatic drilling machine. The lower end of the door-type rigid frame is welded on the fixed seat. The nitrogen cylinder is fixedly arranged on the fixed seat and is located in the door-type rigid frame. The nitrogen cylinder is connected to the impact hammer through a high-pressure hose. The spring-type gas-filled accumulator is arranged on the high-pressure hose. The impact hammer is fixedly arranged on the top of the impact test bench and the hammer head of the impact hammer extends downward for impact. The similar material shear box includes a first box body, a second box body and a third box body. The first box body, the second box body and the third box body are spliced ​​left and right into a rectangular box body. The right side of the first box body, the left and right sides of the second box body and the left and right sides of the third box body are all open. The third box body Vertical sliding grooves are provided on the inner walls of the front side plate and the rear side plate of the right port, and a lifting steel plate for sealing the right port of the third box body is vertically slid between the two vertical sliding grooves, and a round hole that is transparent to the left and right is provided in the center of the lifting steel plate, and the first box body, the second box body and the third box body are respectively filled with coal and rock similar materials of different strengths, and the similar material shear box is provided with anchoring components that penetrate and anchor in the three kinds of coal and rock similar materials on the left and right, and the right side of the anchoring component passes through the round hole to the right and extends out of the similar material shear box, and the bottoms of the first box body and the third box body are fixedly supported on the impact test bench by rigid pads, and the second box body is located directly below the impact hammer and the bottom is in a suspended state, and the automatic drilling machine is fixedly arranged on the right side of the impact test bench and corresponds to the similar material shear box on the left and right; The impact test bench includes a rigid crossbeam plate, four high-rigidity rigid columns and an electromagnetic platform base. The rigid crossbeam plate is horizontally arranged directly above the electromagnetic platform base. The four high-rigidity rigid columns are vertically arranged. The four high-rigidity rigid columns are arranged in a rectangular array. Threaded grooves are arranged around the lower surface of the rigid crossbeam plate and the upper surface of the electromagnetic platform base. The upper ends of the four high-rigidity rigid columns are respectively threadedly fixed in the four threaded grooves on the upper side, and the lower ends of the four high-rigidity rigid columns are respectively threadedly fixed in the four threaded grooves on the lower side. Two rigid pads are magnetically fixed on the upper surface of the electromagnetic platform base at intervals on the left and right and are located between the four high-rigidity rigid columns.

2. The shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two nitrogen cylinders are arranged side by side on the left and right, and the two nitrogen cylinders are connected in series. Each nitrogen cylinder is connected to the impact hammer through two high-pressure hoses.

3. The shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjacent two end edges of the first box body, the second box body and the third box body are all butted and fixed by clamping, the bottom of the first box body is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad on the left, and the bottom of the third box body is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad on the right.

4. The shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The automatic drilling machine includes a drilling platform, a guide rail, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic linear feed mechanism, a feed pulley, a small hydraulic station and an integrated CNC system. The drilling platform is arranged on the right side of the impact test bench. The guide rail is arranged horizontally on the upper part of the drilling platform along the left and right directions and corresponds to the left and right sides of the circular hole. The hydraulic motor is fixedly installed on the left side of the feed pulley. A three-jaw chuck is fixedly arranged on the left end of the power shaft of the hydraulic motor. The hydraulic linear feed mechanism is arranged in the guide rail and drives the feed pulley to slide on the guide rail. The small hydraulic station is fixedly installed on the drilling platform. The integrated CNC system is installed inside the drilling platform. The press station is connected to the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic linear feed mechanism through hydraulic oil pipes respectively. The integrated CNC system is connected to the small hydraulic station, the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic linear feed mechanism signals respectively. A forward control wrench, a reverse control wrench, a forward control wrench, a reverse control wrench, a speed control rotary knob and a propulsion speed control knob are arranged on the front side of the drilling platform. The forward control wrench, the reverse control wrench and the speed control rotary knob are all connected to the hydraulic motor signal, and the forward control wrench, the reverse control wrench and the propulsion speed control knob are all connected to the hydraulic linear feed mechanism signal.

5. The shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anchoring assembly includes an anchor rod or anchor cable, a tray and a nut. The anchor rod or anchor cable is horizontally penetrated and anchored in three coal and rock similar materials along the left and right directions. The right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable passes through the circular hole to the right. The tray is mounted on the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable and is pressed tightly against the right side of the lifting steel plate. The nut is threadedly mounted on the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable and is pressed tightly against the right side of the tray.

6. The test method of the shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) Install the fixed test device: Use a high-pressure hose to connect the spring-type gas-charged accumulator to the impact hammer, and perform impact debugging of the impact hammer; (2) Fill the similar material shear box with coal and rock similar materials, and then place the similar material shear box in the working position on the impact test bench; (3) Adjust the position and height of the automatic drilling machine so that the power shaft of the hydraulic motor is concentric with the circular hole on the lifting steel plate and the left end of the guide rail is 15 cm away from the lifting steel plate; (4) Drilling anchor holes in coal and rock similar materials: Start the automatic drilling machine, fix the drill rod on the three-jaw chuck, operate the forward control wrench, reverse control wrench, forward control wrench, backward control wrench, speed control knob and propulsion speed control knob, the hydraulic motor drives the drill rod to rotate, and the hydraulic linear feed mechanism drives the feed pulley to move forward to the left along the guide rail, so that the drill rod passes through the circular hole on the lifting steel plate to the left and continues to drill to the left. The drill rod passes through the three strengths of coal and rock similar materials inside the similar material shear box in turn until the left end drill bit of the drill rod drills to the inner side of the left side plate of the first box body, stops drilling, the feed pulley retreats, the drill rod is withdrawn from the similar material shear box, and the drill rod is removed; (5) Install anchor rods or anchor cables; (6) Conduct impact dynamic load shear test; (7) After the impact test, reset the hammer head of the impact hammer, release the pressure of the spring-loaded gas accumulator, turn off the electromagnetic control of the electromagnetic platform base, remove the automatic drilling machine, remove the shear box of similar materials after the impact test, dismantle the first box, the second box and the third box, take out the anchor rod or anchor cable, and observe the shear damage and deformation of the anchor rod or anchor cable.

7. The shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step (2) is specifically as follows: first, fill the first box with coal-rock similar materials of the first strength; after the coal-rock similar materials of the first strength are dried, the left end of the second box is fixedly connected to the right end of the first box; then, fill the second box with coal-rock similar materials of the second strength; after the coal-rock similar materials of the second strength are dried, the left end of the third box is fixedly connected to the right end of the second box; then, fill the third box with coal-rock similar materials of the third strength; after the coal-rock similar materials of the third strength are dried, insert the lifting steel plate into the vertical slide groove to seal the right port of the third box; then, place the similar material shearing box as a whole above the electromagnetic platform base between four high-rigidity rigid columns; the bottom of the first box is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad on the left; the bottom of the third box is magnetically fixed to the rigid pad on the right; and the second box is located directly below the impact hammer.

8. The shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step (5) is specifically as follows: according to the test requirements, resin anchor rolls of different lengths are placed at the bottom of the anchor hole in step (4), the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable is fixedly clamped in a three-jaw chuck, different speeds are set for the hydraulic motor through the integrated numerical control system, and different propulsion speeds and propulsion times are set for the feed pulley to complete the optimization study of the dynamic stirring parameters of anchor rods or anchor cables of different anchoring lengths, the automatic drilling machine is started to stir the resin anchor roll for the anchor rod or anchor cable, and after the resin anchor roll is solidified, a tray and a nut are mounted on the right end of the anchor rod or anchor cable, the tray is pressed into contact with the right side of the lifting steel plate, the nut is pressed into contact with the right side of the tray, the nut is tightened, and a pre-tightening force is applied to complete the anchoring.

9. The shear impact test device for anchor rods or anchor cables between dislocated rock layers according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step (6) is specifically as follows: according to the test requirements, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator and the impact hammer are started, the hammer head of the impact hammer is extended downward to impact, the spring-type gas-filled accumulator is used to provide impact power for the impact hammer, and an impact double shear test is performed on the top of the second box body by using a constant or cyclic impact load, and the relative displacement of the second box body and the first box body and the third box body and the anchoring condition of the anchor rod or anchor cable are observed.

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