System and method for determining incision depth in an eye

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a system that can: determine a first plurality of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam; determine a second plurality of focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions by: for each of the multiple positions: determining a plurality of intensity values associated with respective multiple intermediate focal point distances, each intermediate focal point distance being greater than each focal point distance associated with that position in the first plurality of focal point distances; determining the intermediate focal point distance associated with the maximum intensity value accordingly; and determining one focal point distance as the intermediate focal point distance; and determine the depth of at least one incision in the eye based at least on the difference between each focal point distance in the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance in the first plurality of focal point distances.

Description

Background Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to determining incision depth in an eye. Background Art

[0004] In the past, optical topographic measurement instruments were available. These instruments utilized "white light" interferometry. For example, these instruments were used to measure height variations of a surface (e.g., surface roughness). Interference optical profiling can use the wave properties of light to compare the optical path difference between a test surface and a reference surface. For example, a light beam can be split. One half of the light beam can be reflected from a test material. The other half of the light beam can be reflected from a reference mirror. When the two halves of the light beam are combined where the respective lengths of the two halves are different, constructive interference and destructive interference can occur. For example, interference fringes (e.g., bright bands and dark bands) can be produced. A digital camera can receive the combination of the two halves. Constructive interference can be a brighter region, while destructive interference can be a darker region. For light of a known wavelength, the height difference of the entire surface can be determined using a fraction of the light wavelength. Based on the height difference, surface measurements can be determined. For example, a three-dimensional surface map can be determined based on the height difference.

[0005] In addition, in the past, traditional optical techniques utilizing single-photon absorption processes were limited to high-resolution imaging for near-surface biological materials (e.g., less than one hundred micrometers (100 μm)). If deeper into the biological material, the light scatters and blurs the imaging. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present disclosure provides a medical system that can generate a laser beam and can determine a first plurality of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. In one example, the laser beam can include photons associated with multiple frequencies. In another example, the plane can be associated with the X-axis and the Y-axis. The medical system can further determine a second plurality of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

[0007] To determine a second plurality of focal point distances associated with respective pluralities of locations orthogonal to the plane of the laser beam, the medical system can further, for each of the pluralities of locations: adjust at least one mirror to aim the laser beam at the location; determine a plurality of intensity values associated with respective pluralities of interim focal point distances, each interim focal point distance being greater than each focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances associated with the location of the pluralities of locations; determine a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values; determine the interim focal point distance of the plurality of interim focal point distances correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value; and determine one of the plurality of focal point distances as the interim focal point distance of the plurality of interim focal point distances correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value. The medical system can further determine the depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye based at least on the difference between each focal point distance of the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances.

[0008] To determine a plurality of intensity values associated with respective pluralities of interim focal point distances, each interim focal point distance being greater than each focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances associated with the location of the pluralities of locations, the medical system can further, for each of the pluralities of interim focal point distances: adjust a beam expander to focus the laser beam at the interim focal point distance; receive, via a TPA detector, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from an incision in the patient's eye; and determine, based on at least the portion of the laser beam, the intensity value of the plurality of intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance. The medical system can further determine a topographical map of at least one incision in the patient's eye based at least on the difference between each focal point distance of the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances.

[0009] To generate the laser beam, the medical system can pulse the laser beam. For example, the medical system can pulse the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration. The medical system can include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). For example, to determine, based on at least the portion of the laser beam, the intensity value of the plurality of intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance, the medical system can further receive, via the ADC, an analog signal from the TPA detector; and convert, via the ADC, the analog signal from the TPA detector into the intensity value of the plurality of intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance. In one example, the ADC can be configured to convert a current into a digital value. In another example, the ADC can be configured to convert a voltage into a digital value.

[0010] The present disclosure further includes a non-transitory computer-readable memory device having instructions that, when executed by a processor of a medical system, cause the system to perform the above steps. The present disclosure further includes a medical system or a non-transitory computer-readable memory device as described above having one or more of the following features, which may be used in combination with each other unless clearly mutually exclusive: i) generating a laser beam; ii) determining a first plurality of focal point distances associated with respective pluralities of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam; iii) determining a second plurality of focal point distances associated with respective pluralities of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam by, for each of the pluralities of positions: a) adjusting at least one mirror to direct the laser beam to the position; b) determining a plurality of intensity values associated with respective pluralities of intermediate focal point distances, each intermediate focal point distance being greater than each focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances associated with the position of the pluralities of positions, by, for each of the pluralities of intermediate focal point distances: 1) adjusting a beam expander to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focal point distance; 2) receiving, via a TPA detector, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from an incision in a patient's eye; and 3) determining the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal point distance of the plurality of intensity values based on at least the portion of the laser beam; c) determining the maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values; d) determining the intermediate focal point distance of the plurality of intermediate focal point distances correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value; and e) determining one of the plurality of focal point distances as the intermediate focal point distance of the plurality of intermediate focal point distances correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value; iv) determining the depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye based at least on the difference between each focal point distance of the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances; and v) determining the topography of at least one incision in the patient's eye based at least on the difference between each focal point distance of the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances.

[0011] Any of the above systems can be capable of performing any of the above methods, and any of the above non-transitory computer-readable memory devices can cause a system to perform any of the above methods. Any of the above methods can be implemented on any of the above systems or using any of the above non-transitory computer-readable memory devices.

[0012] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory in nature and are intended to provide an understanding of the present disclosure without limiting the scope of the present disclosure. In this regard, additional aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] To more fully understand the present disclosure and its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are not drawn to scale, and in which:

[0014] Figure 1A An example of an optical system is shown;

[0015] Figure 1B Another example of an optical system is shown;

[0016] Figure 2A The surface of the cornea of an eye is shown;

[0017] Figure 2B An incision in the eye is shown;

[0018] Figure 3A An example of a medical system is shown; [[ID=We]]

[0019] Figure 3B An example of a biometric device is shown;

[0020] Figure 4A A second example of a medical system is shown;

[0021] Figure 4B A third example of a medical system is shown;

[0022] Figure 4C An example of a microscope integrated display and an example of a surgical tool instrument are shown;

[0023] Figure 4D Another example of a medical system is shown;

[0024] Figure 5 An example of a computer system is shown;

[0025] Figure 6 An example of a method of operating an optical system is shown;

[0026] Figure 7A An example of a method of determining a topographical map of a patient's eye is shown;

[0027] Figure 7B An example of a method of determining a plurality of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is shown;

[0028] Figure 7C An example of a method of determining a plurality of intensity values associated with respective multiple intermediate focal point distances is shown;

[0029] Figure 7D An example of a method of determining a topographical map of a part of a patient interface is shown;

[0030] Figure 7E Another example of a method for determining a plurality of focus point distances associated with a corresponding plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is presented;

[0031] Figure 7F Another example of a method for determining a plurality of intensity values associated with a corresponding plurality of intermediate focus distances is presented;

[0032] Figure 8A An example of a method for determining at least one cut depth is presented;

[0033] Figure 8B An example of a method for determining a plurality of focus point distances associated with a corresponding plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is presented;

[0034] Figure 8C An example of a method for determining a plurality of intensity values associated with a corresponding plurality of intermediate focus distances is presented;

[0035] Figure 9A An example of a plane and multiple positions of that plane is shown;

[0036] Figure 9B Examples of various positions of the plane that can be used with the patient's eye are shown;

[0037] Figures 9C to 9G Examples of multiple focus point distances for a laser beam are shown;

[0038] Figures 9H to 9M An example of intermediate focus distances associated with a corresponding plurality of intensity values of a laser beam is shown;

[0039] Figures 9N to 9Q Examples of multiple focus point distances for a laser beam are shown;

[0040] Figures 9R to 9T An example of intermediate focus distances associated with a corresponding plurality of intensity values of a laser beam is shown;

[0041] Figures 9U to 9X Examples of multiple focus point distances for a laser beam are shown;

[0042] Figure 10A Examples of multiple positions of a plane for use with a patient interface are shown;

[0043] Figure 10B Examples of various positions of a plane for use with a surface of a patient interface are shown;

[0044] Figures 10C to 10G Examples of multiple focus point distances for a laser beam are shown;

[0045] Figures 10H to 10KShows an example of an intermediate focal point distance of a laser beam associated with a corresponding plurality of intensity values; and

[0046] Figure 10L and Figure 10M Shows an example of a patient interface angled with respect to a plane. Detailed Description

[0047] In the following description, details are set forth by way of example for purposes of discussing the disclosed subject matter. However, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the disclosed embodiments are examples and not an exhaustive listing of all possible embodiments.

[0048] As used herein, reference numerals refer to a category or type of entity, and any letter following such a reference numeral refers to a specific instance of that particular entity of that category or type. Thus, for example, a hypothetical entity labeled '12A' may refer to a specific instance of a particular category / type, and generally, the label '12' may refer to a collection of instances belonging to this particular category / type, or any one instance of this particular category / type.

[0049] A medical system can be used to perform a medical procedure on a patient. The medical system can include optics. For example, the medical system can include one or more optical systems, and the one or more optical systems can include optics. The optical system can include one or more optical devices. For example, the optical device can be or can include a device that controls light (e.g., reflects light, refracts light, filters light, transmits light, polarizes light, etc.). The optical device can be made of any material that controls light according to design. For example, the material can include one or more of glass, crystal, metal, and semiconductor, etc. Examples of optical devices can include one or more of lenses, mirrors, prisms, optical filters, waveguides, waveplates, beam expanders, beam collimators, beam splitters, gratings, and polarizers, etc.

[0050] The optical system can be used to determine a topographical map of at least a portion of a patient. For example, the optical system can be used to determine a topographical map of at least a portion of a patient's eye. The topographical map of at least a portion of the patient's eye can reveal one or more deformations of that at least a portion of the patient's eye. The topographical map of at least a portion of the patient's eye can reveal an injury to that at least a portion of the patient's eye.

[0051] The optical system can include one or more of a laser and a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector, etc. In one example, the laser can generate a laser beam that includes photons of a plurality of frequencies. In another example, the laser can generate a pulsed laser beam. The pulsed laser beam can include photons of a plurality of frequencies.

[0052] The optical system can be configured to vary the focal point distance of a laser beam. The TPA detector can determine the reflected intensity of at least a portion of the laser beam. In one example, the optical system can determine a plurality of focal point distances associated with respective plural positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The optical system can determine a topographical map of a patient's eye based at least on the plurality of focal point distances associated with the respective plural positions. In another example, the optical system can determine a first plurality of focal point distances associated with respective plural positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The optical system can determine a second plurality of focal point distances associated with respective plural positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The optical system can determine the depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye based at least on the difference between each focal point distance of the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances.

[0053] The optical system can be used to correct the cutting depth of an incision based at least on the depth of the incision in the patient's eye. In one example, the optical system can be used to maintain a cutting depth (e.g., without one or more deviations from a prescribed cutting depth) while making an incision in the patient's eye. In a second example, the optical system can be used to maintain a cutting profile (e.g., without one or more deviations from a prescribed cutting depth) while making an incision in the patient's eye. In a third example, the optical system can be used to make a flap incision in the patient's eye with little or no deviation from a prescribed cutting depth. In another example, the optical system can be used to make a microlens incision in the patient's eye with little or no deviation from a prescribed cutting depth. For example, the FS 200 laser system can make an incision in the patient's eye. Also, surgical tool instruments (e.g., a scalpel, a blade, etc.) can be used to make an incision in the patient's eye.

[0054] Turning now Figure 1A and Figure 1B , an example of an optical system is shown. The optical system 110 can be used to determine the surface of a patient's eye 116. For example, the optical system 110 can be used to determine a topographical map of the eye 116. The optical system 110 can be used to determine the depth of an incision in the eye 116. For example, the optical system 110 can be used to determine a topographical map of the incision in the eye 116.

[0055] The optical system 110 can be used for a medical procedure. For example, a medical system can include the optical system 110. The medical procedure can include an ophthalmic procedure performed on at least a portion of the eye 116. Although the optical system 110 can be used for a medical system, the optical system 110 can be used for any system.

[0056] The optical system 110 may include a plurality of optical devices. For example, an optical device may be or may include a device that controls light (e.g., reflects light, refracts light, filters light, transmits light, polarizes light, etc.). The optical device may be made of any material that controls light according to the design. For example, the material may include one or more of glass, crystal, metal, and semiconductor, etc. Examples of optical devices may include one or more of a lens, a mirror, a prism, an optical filter, a waveguide, a wave plate, a beam expander, a beam collimator, a beam splitter, a grating, and a polarizer, etc.

[0057] As shown, the optical system 110 may include a laser 120. The laser 120 may generate a laser beam. In one example, the laser 120 may be a device that generates a beam of coherent monochromatic light by stimulated emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules. In another example, the laser 120 may be a device that generates a laser beam including photons associated with a plurality of frequencies. The laser beam may have any suitable wavelength, e.g., a wavelength within the infrared (IR), visible range, or ultraviolet (UV) range, etc. The pulse of the laser beam may have a pulse duration within any suitable range, e.g., in the microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond, or attosecond range, etc. The focus of the laser beam may be the focal point of the laser beam. As shown, the optical system may include detector optics 122 and focusing optics 140. As shown, the detector optics 122 may include a polarizer 124, a lens 128, a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector 130, and a wave plate 134. Although the lens 128 is shown as a single lens, the lens 128 may be multiple lenses.

[0058] The polarizer 124 may be an optical filter that transmits light of a specific polarization direction while reflecting light of other polarization directions. The polarizer 124 may filter light of undefined or mixed polarization into light having a single linear polarization. In one example, the polarizer 124 may transmit at least a portion of the laser beam received from the laser 120 (which may have a first polarization) toward the wave plate 134. In another example, the polarizer 124 may reflect at least a portion of the laser beam received from the wave plate 134 (which may have a second polarization) toward the lens 128 and the TPA detector 130. The first polarization may be linear polarization. The second polarization may be linear polarization rotated ninety degrees (90°). The lens 128 may focus the light beam from the polarizer 124 onto the TPA detector 130. For example, the TPA detector 130 may be located at the focal plane of the lens 128. The lens 128 may be an achromatic lens. For example, the lens 128 may be configured to limit the effects of one or more chromatic aberrations and / or one or more spherical aberrations, etc.

[0059] The wave plate 134 can be an optical device that changes the polarization of light traveling through it. The wave plate 134 can be any suitable wave plate, such as a quarter-wave plate that can convert linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light (and vice versa), or a combination of a half-wave plate (which can rotate linearly polarized light by forty-five degrees (45°)) and a forty-five degree (45°) Faraday rotator (also known as an optical diode when used in combination with a polarizer 124). The wave plate 134 can be a quarter-wave plate that can receive a laser beam with a first linear polarization from the polarizer 124. The wave plate 134 can convert the laser beam from the first linear polarization to circular polarization. The wave plate 134 can direct the laser beam to the focusing optics 140. The wave plate 134 can receive at least a reflected portion of the laser beam from the focusing optics 140. The wave plate 134 can convert at least the reflected portion of the laser beam from the focusing optics 140 from circular polarization to a second linear polarization that is rotated relative to the first linear polarization. The wave plate 134 can change the original linear polarization of the laser beam by ninety degrees (90°).

[0060] The wave plate 134 can include a combination of a half-wave plate and a Faraday rotator. The wave plate 134 can receive a laser beam with a first linear polarization from the polarizer 124. In this direction, the half-wave plate and the Faraday rotator can compensate for each other's rotation effects, which can cause the laser beam to rotate by zero degrees (0°). The wave plate 134 can then direct the laser beam to the focusing optics 140. The wave plate 134 can also receive at least a reflected portion of the laser beam reflected from the focusing optics 140. In this direction, the half-wave plate and the Faraday rotator can increase the rotation effect, which can cause the laser beam to rotate by ninety degrees (90°), which can be a second linear polarization rotated relative to the first linear polarization. For example, the laser beam can pass through the wave plate 134, which can cause the beam to rotate by zero degrees (0°), and the laser beam can be reflected back through the wave plate 134, which can cause the beam to rotate by ninety degrees (90°), thereby causing the laser beam to change by ninety degrees (90°) from the original linear polarization. The wave plate 134 can be reconfigured such that the laser beam can pass through the wave plate 134, which can cause the light beam to rotate by ninety degrees (90°), and the laser beam can be reflected back through the wave plate 134, which can cause the light beam to rotate by zero degrees (0°).

[0061] Although not specifically shown, the optical system 110 can not include the wave plate 134. For example, the polarizer 124 can be replaced with a partially reflective mirror. Although not specifically shown, the detector optics 122 can be positioned between the beam expander 141 and the scanner 144.

[0062] As shown, the focusing optical device 140 includes a beam expander 141, a scanner 144, and an objective lens 148. The objective lens 148 may include a plurality of lenses. In one example, the objective lens 148 may be or include a compound lens. In another example, the objective lens 148 may be or include an F-θ lens. As shown, the beam expander 141 may include lenses 142A and 142B. Although the beam expander 141 is shown as having two lenses, the beam expander 141 may include any number of lenses.

[0063] When the laser beam approaches the surface 112, the direction of the laser beam may be parallel to the Z-axis. The surface 112 may be parallel to the X-axis and perpendicular to the Z-axis. Although the Y-axis is not specifically shown, the Y-axis may be perpendicular to the X-axis and the Z-axis. For example, the Y-axis may be perpendicular to the plane including the X-axis and the Z-axis.

[0064] The focusing optical device 140 may direct and / or focus the laser beam toward the eye 116. In one example, the focusing optical device 140 may direct and / or focus the laser beam toward the surface 210 of the eye 116, as Figure 2A shown. The surface 210 may be the surface of the cornea 220 of the eye 116. In another example, the focusing optical device 140 may direct and / or focus the laser beam toward one or more incisions 230A-230C, as Figure 2B shown. The focusing optical device 140 may direct the focal point of the laser beam parallel to or along the Z-axis toward the eye 116. The focusing optical device 140 may receive at least a portion of the light beam reflected by the surface 210. The focusing optical device 140 may receive at least a portion of the light beam reflected by the incision 230.

[0065] Optical devices such as lenses 142A and / or mirrors may control the Z-position of the focal point of the laser beam. Another optical device such as lens 142B (e.g., in combination with lens 142A) may expand the diameter of the laser beam. In one example, the beam expander 141 may be configured to control the focal point of the laser beam. In another example, the optical device may vary over time such that the Z-position of the focal point changes.

[0066] The scanner 144 may include one or more optical devices that control the direction of the laser beam to control the XY-position of the focal point. To deflect the laser beam laterally, the scanner 144 may include a pair of galvanometer-actuated scanner mirrors that may be tilted about mutually perpendicular axes. The scanner 144 may receive the laser beam from the beam expander 141. The scanner 144 may manipulate the laser beam to control the XY-position of the focal point. The objective lens 148 may receive the laser beam from the scanner 144. The objective lens 148 may direct the laser beam to the eye 116.

[0067] As Figure 1BAs shown, the patient interface 114 can stabilize the position of the surface 112 relative to the optical system 110. In one example, the surface 112 can be a flat planar surface. Although the surface 112 is shown, the surface 112 can be absent. In another example, the patient interface 114 can be made of one or more rigid materials (e.g., plastic, glass, metal, etc.). The patient interface 114 can shape the eye (e.g., flatten or otherwise deform the surface of the eye 116). The patient interface can include a flat plane. The "target side" surface of the patient interface 114 can be the surface of the interface 114 designed to face (and even potentially contact) the eye 116. The patient interface 114 can be a disposable product. For example, the patient interface 114 can be used with a patient's eye and then discarded. A plurality of patient interfaces 114 can be configured to have a consistent length in the Z direction. A plurality of patient interfaces 114 can have different respective lengths. Calibration of the Z position of a point relative to a particular patient interface 114 can be performed.

[0068] As shown, the optical system 110 can include a computer system 152. The computer system 152 can execute instructions when implementing at least a portion of one or more of the systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more processes, and / or one or more methods described herein. Although the optical system 110 is shown as including the computer system 152, the optical system 110 can not include the computer system 152. For example, the computer system 152 can be located external to the optical system 110. The computer system 152 can be communicatively coupled to the optical system 110.

[0069] The focusing optics 140 can direct a laser beam to the eye 116. For example, the eye 116 can be positioned at the end of the patient interface 114. The surface 210 of the eye 116 can reflect at least a portion of the laser beam. The incision 230 can reflect at least a portion of the laser beam. The detector optics 122 can direct at least that portion of the laser beam to the TPA detector 130. For example, the TPA detector 130 can transform the intensity of at least that portion of the laser beam into digital data. The digital data can represent the intensity of at least that portion of the laser beam. The TPA detector 130 can provide the digital data to the computer system 152.

[0070] At least this portion of the laser beam can cause two-photon absorption that can excite electrons, which can generate a signal responsive to the intensity of the incident radiation. This signal can indicate the proximity of the focal point of the laser beam to the surface 210 or the incision 230. In one example, the farther the focal point is from the surface 210 or the incision 230, the lower the intensity of the beam at the partial TPA detector 130. In a second example, the larger the diameter of at least this portion of the laser beam, the lower the intensity of the beam at the partial TPA detector 130. In a third example, the closer the focal point is to the surface 210 or the incision 230, the higher the intensity of the beam at the partial TPA detector 130. In a fourth example, the smaller the diameter of at least this portion of the laser beam, the higher the intensity of the beam at the partial TPA detector 130. In another example, when the focal point is at the surface 210 or the incision 230, the diameter at the TPA detector 130 can be the smallest and the intensity can be the highest.

[0071] As shown, the computer system 152 can be communicatively coupled to the TPA detector 130. As shown, the computer system 152 can be communicatively coupled to the laser 120. As shown, the computer system 152 can be communicatively coupled to the beam expander 141. As shown, the computer system 152 can be communicatively coupled to the scanner 144. In one example, the computer system 152 can receive information from one or more of the laser 120, the TPA detector 130, the beam expander 141, and the scanner 144. In another example, the computer system 152 can provide information to one or more of the laser 120, the TPA detector 130, the beam expander 141, and the scanner 144. The computer system 152 can provide control information to one or more of the laser 120, the TPA detector 130, the beam expander 141, and the scanner 144.

[0072] The computer system 152 can determine the focal point of the laser beam in response to the intensity measurement from the TPA detector 130. The computer system 152 can determine whether the intensity is the maximum intensity. The maximum intensity can be the maximum value of the intensities that can be measured at different positions of the focal point. The maximum intensity can be pre-measured or calculated prior to the calibration session. If the intensity is the maximum intensity, the computer system 152 can determine that the focal point is at the surface 210 or the incision 230. If the intensity is not the maximum intensity, the computer system 152 can adjust the focusing optics 140 to direct the focal point to a different point on the Z-axis. The computer system 152 can generate a graph that can represent the intensity of at least this portion of the laser beam based on one or more TPA detector signals. For example, one or more TPA detector signals can be or include data.

[0073] An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can transform signals associated with multiple intensities from the TPA detector 130 into digital data representing multiple measurement values of the multiple intensities. For example, the computer system 152 can utilize the digital data representing multiple measurement values of the multiple intensities. The computer system 152 can include an ADC. The ADC can be located external to the computer system 152. The TPA detector 130 can include an ADC. For example, the TPA detector 130 can provide digital data representing multiple measurement values of the multiple intensities.

[0074] Turning now to Figure 3A , an example of a medical system is shown. As shown, the medical system 310 can be used with a patient 320. As shown, the medical system 310 can include a computer system 312. The computer system 312 can be communicatively coupled to displays 316A and 316B. The computer system 312 can be communicatively coupled to a biometric device 314. In one example, the biometric device 314 can include one or more cameras. In another example, the biometric device 314 can include a three-dimensional scanner. The biometric device 314 can be used for biometric measurements of the patient 320's eye 116. As shown, the display 316A can display an image 330A associated with the patient 320's eye 116. As shown, the display 316B can display an image 330B associated with the patient 320's eye 116.

[0075] The computer system 312 can determine eye recognition information. For example, the eye recognition information can include biometric information associated with the patient 320's eye 116. The biometric information associated with the eye 116 can include one or more of the following: the vascular pattern of the sclera of the eye 116, the iris structure of the eye 116, the position of the iris structure of the eye 116, the distance measurement from the cornea of the eye 116 to the lens of the eye 116, the distance measurement from the lens of the eye 116 to the retina of the eye 116, the corneal topography of the eye 116, the retinal pattern of the eye 116, and wavefront measurements, etc.

[0076] As shown, the display 316B can display display areas 336A - 336D. In one example, the display area 336 can display the distance measurement from the cornea of the eye 116 to the lens of the eye 116, the distance measurement from the lens of the eye 116 to the retina of the eye 116, the position 334 of the iris structure, corneal topography information, or wavefront measurement information, etc., other biometric information associated with the eye 116. In another example, the display area 336 can display any information associated with the patient 320.

[0077] A person 350 can operate the medical system 310. For example, the person 350 can be a medical staff member. The person 350 can input identification information associated with the patient 320 into the computer system 312. The identification information associated with the patient 320 can include one or more of the following: the name of the patient 320, the address of the patient 320, the telephone number of the patient 320, the government-issued identification number of the patient 320, the government-issued identification string of the patient 320, and the date of birth of the patient 320, etc.

[0078] The person 350 can provide medical procedure information associated with the patient 320 to the computer system 312. The medical procedure information can be associated with a medical procedure. The medical procedure information can be associated identification information associated with the patient 320. The computer system 312 can store the medical procedure information. For example, the computer system 312 can store the medical procedure information for later utilization. The medical procedure information can be associated with a surgical procedure. For example, the medical procedure information can be retrieved before a surgical procedure. The medical procedure information can be utilized during a medical procedure. For example, the medical procedure can include a surgical procedure.

[0079] Now turning to Figure 3B , an example of a biometric device is shown. As shown, the biometric device 314 can include image sensors 360A - 360C. For example, the image sensor 360 can include a camera. The camera can include one or more digital image sensors. In one example, the digital image sensor can include a charge-coupled device (CCD). In another example, the digital image sensor can include a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). The camera can convert light into digital data. The camera can utilize a Bayer filter mosaic. For example, the camera can utilize the Bayer filter mosaic structure in combination with an optical anti-aliasing filter. The combination of the Bayer filter mosaic structure and the optical anti-aliasing filter can reduce aliasing due to the reduced sampling of different primary color images. The camera can utilize a demosaicing process. For example, the demosaicing process can be used to interpolate color information to create a complete array of red, green, and blue (RGB) image data.

[0080] As shown, the biometric device 314 may include light projectors 362A - 362C. In one example, the light projector 362 may project visible light. In another example, the light projector 362 may project infrared light. The light projector 362 may project circles and / or dots onto the patient's eye. The image sensor 360 may receive the reflections of the circles and / or dots projected onto the patient's eye. The computer system may determine one or more positions and / or one or more templates associated with the patient's eye based at least on the reflections of the circles and / or dots projected onto the patient's eye. As shown, the biometric device 314 may include depth sensors 364A - 364C. The depth sensor 364 may include the light projector 362. The depth sensor 364 may include an optical sensor. As shown, the biometric device 314 may include an optical low coherence reflectometer (OLCR) device 366. As shown, the biometric device 314 may include a wavefront device 368.

[0081] The wavefront device 368 may include one or more of a light source and a wavefront sensor, etc. The light source may provide a first light wave to the eye 116. The wavefront sensor may receive a first perturbed light wave from the eye 116 based at least on the first light wave. In one example, the wavefront device 368 may determine a first optical correction based at least on the first perturbed light. In another example, the computer system may determine a first optical correction based at least on the first perturbed light. The wavefront device 368 may provide data based at least on the first perturbed light wave to the computer system. For example, the computer system may determine a first optical correction based at least on the data from the wavefront device 368.

[0082] Any two or more of the image sensor 360, the light projector 362, the depth sensor 364, the OLCR device 366, and the wavefront device 368 may be combined. One or more image sensors among the image sensors 360A - 360C, one or more light projectors among the light projectors 362A - 362C, one or more depth sensors among the depth sensors 364A - 364C, the OLCR device 366, and / or the wavefront device 368, etc. may generate data that can be utilized by the computer system. As shown, the biometric device 314 may include an optical system 110.

[0083] Now turning to Figure 4A , a second example of a medical system is shown. As shown, the surgeon 410 may utilize a surgical tool instrument 420. In one example, the surgeon 410 may utilize the surgical tool instrument 420 in a surgical procedure involving the eye 116 of the patient 320. The medical system 400A may include an ophthalmic surgical tool tracking system. As shown, the medical system 400A may include a computer system 430, a display 440, and a microscope integrated display (MID) 450.

[0084] The computer system 430 can receive image frames captured by one or more image sensors. For example, the computer system 430 can perform various image processing on the one or more image frames. The computer system 430 can perform image analysis on the one or more image frames to identify and / or extract one or more images of the surgical tool instrument 420 from the one or more image frames. The computer system 430 can generate a graphical user interface (GUI) that can overlay the one or more image frames. For example, the GUI can include one or more indicators and / or one or more icons, etc. The one or more indicators can include surgical data, such as one or more positions and / or one or more orientations. The one or more indicators can include one or more warnings. The GUI can be displayed to the surgeon 410 and / or other medical staff via the display 440 and / or the MID 450.

[0085] The computer system 430, the display 440, and the MID 450 can be implemented in separate housings that are communicatively coupled to each other or within a common console or housing. The user interface can be associated with one or more of the computer system 430, the display 440, and the MID 450, etc. For example, in addition to other input devices, the user interface can also include one or more of the following: a keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a touch screen, an eye tracking device, a voice recognition device, a gesture control module, a dial, and / or a button. The user (e.g., the surgeon 410 and / or other medical staff) can input desired instructions and / or parameters via the user interface. For example, the user interface can be used to control one or more of the computer system 430, the display 440, and the MID 450, etc. As shown in the figure, the MID 450 can include the optical system 110.

[0086] Now turning to Figure 4B , a third example of a medical system is shown. As shown in the figure, the surgeon 410 can utilize the system 400B. For example, the surgeon 410 can utilize the system 400B in a surgical operation involving the eye 116 of the patient 320. The system 400B can include multiple systems. As shown in the figure, the system 400B can include a cutting system 415A. For example, the surgeon 410 can utilize the system 415A to cut the eye 116. The eye 116 can include a flap in the cornea of the patient 320's eye. As shown in the figure, the system 400B can include a shaping system 415B. For example, the surgeon 410 can utilize the shaping system 415B to ablate the inner part of the cornea of the eye 116.

[0087] As shown in the figure, system 415A may include a display 440A. As shown, system 415A may include a MID 450A. As shown, MID 450A may include eyepieces 452AA and 452AB. Eyepiece 452A may refer to eyepiece 452AA or eyepiece 452BA. Eyepiece 452B may refer to eyepiece 452AB or eyepiece 452BB. System 415A may include one or more image sensors among image sensors 360A - 360C, one or more illuminators among illuminators 362A - 362C, one or more depth sensors among depth sensors 364A - 364C, an OLCR device 366, a wavefront device 368, and / or an optical system 110A, etc. As shown, system 415B may include a display 440B. As shown in the figure, system 415B may include a MID 450B. As shown, MID 450B may include eyepieces 452BA and 452BB. System 415B may include one or more image sensors among image sensors 360A - 360C, one or more illuminators among illuminators 362A - 362C, one or more depth sensors among depth sensors 364A - 364C, an OLCR device 366, and / or a wavefront device 368, etc. As shown in the figure, system 415B may include an optical system 110B.

[0088] System 415A may include a laser (such as a femtosecond laser) that may use short laser pulses to separate a series of smaller corneal tissue portions to form a flap that can be lifted to expose the inner portion of the cornea. The flap can be planned and cut using one or both of cutting device displays 440A and 450A together with a control device and computer system 430A. As shown in the figure, system 415A may include a computer system 430A. For example, computer system 430A may be communicatively coupled to one or more image sensors among image sensors 360A - 360C, one or more illuminators among illuminators 362A - 362C, one or more depth sensors among depth sensors 364A - 364C, an OLCR device 366, a wavefront device 368, and / or an optical system 110A, etc. As shown, system 415B may include a computer system 430B. For example, computer system 430B may be communicatively coupled to one or more image sensors among image sensors 360A - 360C, one or more illuminators among illuminators 362A - 362C, one or more depth sensors among depth sensors 364A - 364C, an OLCR device 366, a wavefront device 368, and / or an optical system 110B, etc.

[0089] Systems 415A and 415B may be as Figure 4BShown physically separated. Patient 320 can move between systems 415A and 415B. Alternatively, patient 320 can remain stationary while systems 415A and 415B can be moved to patient 320. Systems 415A and 415B can be physically combined into a single integrated device such that neither the device nor patient 320 need to be repositioned when switching between systems 415A and 415B.

[0090] System 400B can include one or more control devices for controlling systems 415A and 415B. For example, the one or more control devices can include one or more of the following: an interactive display (such as a touchscreen display), a keyboard, a mouse, a touchpad, buttons, a joystick, a foot pedal, a heads-up display, virtual reality glasses, or other devices capable of interacting with a user (such as a medical professional).

[0091] System 400B can include at least one computer system configured to generate images presented on at least one of displays 440A, 450A, 440B, and 450B, etc. For example, the at least one computer system can include one or more of computer systems 430A and 430B. One or more of computer systems 430A and 430B can be communicatively coupled to an observation device, such as a microscope, a camera, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) device, or a display, or another device capable of measuring the position of the eye on which the surgery is being performed. One or more of computer systems 430A and 430B can be coupled to one or more of the control devices.

[0092] In one example, cutting device computer system 430A: i) can be communicatively coupled to an observation device that observes the eye when patient 320 is positioned with system 415A, ii) can provide graphical information regarding the planned flap location and the planned ablation area to one or more of displays 440A and 450A, and iii) can be communicatively coupled to one or more control devices of system 415A. In a second example, shaping device computer 430B: i) can be communicatively coupled to an observation device that observes the eye when patient 320 is positioned with the shaping device, ii) can provide graphical information regarding the planned flap location and the planned ablation area to one or more of displays 440B and 450B, and iii) can be communicatively coupled to one or more control devices of system 415B. In another example, the computer system can include the features and / or attributes described above regarding one or more of computer systems 430A and 430B, etc.

[0093] The computer systems of system 400 can be communicatively coupled, either in a wired or wireless manner, to another part of system 400. One or more of the computer systems in system 400 can be communicatively coupled to a database stored locally, stored on a remote computer system or remote data center, or stored on both, which stores patient data, treatment plans, and / or other information associated with medical treatment and / or system 400. In one example, the database can include a relational database. In a second example, the database can include a graph database. In another example, the database can include a "Not Only SQL" (NoSQL) database.

[0094] System 400 can input information about patient 320 and the treatment to be performed on or actually performed on patient 320. System 400 can allow a user to input and view information about patient 320 and the treatment to be performed on patient 320. Such data can include information about patient 320 (such as identification information, the medical history of patient 320) and / or information about the eye 116 being treated, etc. Such data can include information about the treatment plan, such as the shape and location of the corneal incision and / or the shape and location of the ablation, etc.

[0095] Now turning to Figure 4C , an example of a microscope integrated display and examples of surgical tool instruments are shown. As shown, surgical tool instrument 420A can be or include a scalpel. As shown, surgical tool instrument 420B can be or include a cotton swab. As shown, surgical tool instrument 420C can be or include forceps. Other surgical tool instruments not specifically shown can be used with one or more of the systems, one or more processes, and / or one or more methods described herein.

[0096] For example, the surgical tool instrument 420 can be marked with one or more patterns. The one or more patterns can be used to identify the surgical tool instrument 420. The one or more patterns can include one or more of a hash pattern, a stripe pattern, a fractal pattern, etc. Also, for example, the surgical tool instrument 420 can be marked with a dye and / or a coating. The dye and / or the coating can reflect one or more of visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, etc. In one example, the illuminator 478 can provide ultraviolet light, and the image sensor 472 can receive the ultraviolet light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420. The computer system 430 can receive image data based at least on the ultraviolet light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420 from the image sensor 472, and can identify the surgical tool instrument 420 by using the image data based at least on the ultraviolet light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420 and other image data provided by the image sensor 472. In another example, the illuminator 478 can provide infrared light, and the image sensor 472 can receive the infrared light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420. The computer system 430 can receive image data based at least on the infrared light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420 from the image sensor 472, and can identify the surgical tool instrument 420 by using the image data based at least on the infrared light reflected from the surgical tool instrument 420 and other image data provided by the image sensor 472.

[0097] As shown, the MID 450 can include eyepieces 452A and 452B. As shown, the MID 450 can include displays 462A and 462B. The surgeon 410 can observe the eyepieces 452A and 452B. In one example, the display 462A can display one or more images via the eyepiece 452A. The left eye of the surgeon 410 can utilize the eyepiece 452A. In another example, the display 462B can display one or more images via the eyepiece 452B. The right eye of the surgeon 410 can utilize the eyepiece 452B. Although the MID 450 is shown as having multiple displays, the MID 450 can include a single display 462. For example, the single display 462 can display one or more images via one or more of the eyepieces 452A and 452B. The MID 450 can be implemented to have one or more displays 462.

[0098] As shown in the figure, the MID 450 may include image sensors 472A and 472B. In one example, the image sensors 472A and 472B may acquire images. In a second example, the image sensors 472A and 472B may include cameras. In another example, the image sensor 472 may acquire images via one or more of visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, etc. One or more image sensors 472A and 472B may provide image data to the computer system 430. Although the MID 450 is shown as having multiple image sensors, the MID 450 may include a single image sensor 472. The MID 450 may be implemented with one or more image sensors 472.

[0099] As shown in the figure, the MID 450 may include distance sensors 474A and 474. For example, the distance sensor 474 may determine the distance to the surgical tool instrument 420. The distance sensor 474 may determine the distance associated with the Z-axis. Although the MID 450 is shown as having multiple image sensors, the MID 450 may include a single distance sensor 474. In one example, the MID 450 may be implemented with one or more distance sensors 474. In another example, the MID 4 with one or more distance sensors 474. In another example, the MID 450 may be implemented without a distance sensor.

[0100] As shown in the figure, the MID 450 may include lenses 476A and 476B. Although the MID 450 is shown as having multiple lenses 476A and, the MID 450 may include a single lens 476. The MID 450 may be implemented with one or more lenses 476. As shown in the figure, the MID 450 may include illuminators 478A and 478B. For example, the illuminator 478 may provide and / or generate one or more of visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, etc. Although the MID 450 is shown as having multiple illuminators, the MID 450 may include a single illuminator 478. The MID 450 may be implemented with one or more illuminators 478. The MID 450 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions such as those described with reference to the biometric device 314. In one example, the MID 450 may include the OLCR device 366. In another example, the MID 450 may include the wavefront device 368. The MID 450 may include the biometric device 314. The MID 450 may include the optical system 110. [[ID=]7]

[0101] Now turning to Figure 4D, another example of a medical system is shown. As shown, the medical system 400C may include a suction cone 480. For example, the suction cone 480 may be or include a flat cone. As shown, the suction cone 480 may include an optical system 110. As shown, the computer system 430 may be coupled to a control device 482 of the suction cone 480. For example, the computer system 430 may control the suction cone 480 via the control device 482. After the suction ring 484 is docked with the eye 116, the suction cone 480 may be docked with the suction ring 484. As shown, the suction cone 480 may include a lens 486. Although the lens 486 is shown as flat or planar, the lens 486 may include a concave shape and / or may include a convex shape. If the lens 486 is planar, the lens 486 may be referred to as a flat plane. For example, the flat plane may include a surface 112.

[0102] As shown, the medical system 400C may include a vacuum system 490. As shown, the vacuum system 490 may be communicatively coupled to the computer system 430. For example, the computer system 430 may control the vacuum system 490. The vacuum system 490 may generate one or more low pressures via one or more of the pipelines 492 and 494. For example, the vacuum system 490 may generate one or more low pressures via the pipeline 494 to attach and / or seal the suction ring 484 to the patient's eye 116. As shown, the medical system 400C may include the pipelines 492 and 494 and the suction ring 484.

[0103] Now turning to Figure 5 , an example of a computer system is shown. As shown, the computer system 500 may include a processor 510, a volatile memory medium 520, a non-volatile memory medium 530, and an input / output (I / O) device 540. As shown, the volatile memory medium 520, the non-volatile memory medium 530, and the I / O device 540 may be communicatively coupled to the processor 510.

[0104] The term "memory medium" can mean "memory", "storage device", "memory device", "computer-readable medium", and / or "tangible computer-readable storage medium". For example, a memory medium can include, but is not limited to, storage media such as direct access storage devices (including hard disk drives), sequential access storage devices (such as magnetic tape disk drives), optical discs (CDs), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), CD-ROMs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, non-volatile media, and / or one or more combinations of the foregoing. As shown, the non-volatile memory medium 530 can include processor instructions 532. The processor instructions 532 can be executed by the processor 510. In one example, one or more portions of the processor instructions 532 can be executed via the non-volatile memory medium 530. In another example, one or more portions of the processor instructions 532 can be executed via the volatile memory medium 520. One or more portions of the processor instructions 532 can be transferred to the volatile memory medium 520.

[0105] The processor 510 can execute the processor instructions 532 to implement at least a portion of one or more of the systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more processes, and / or one or more methods described herein. For example, the processor instructions 532 can be configured, encoded, and / or decoded with instructions according to at least a portion of one or more of the systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more methods, and / or one or more processes described herein. Although the processor 510 is shown as a single processor, the processor 510 can be or include multiple processors. In one example, multiple processors can execute instructions of a single instruction set architecture (ISA). In another example, at least two of the multiple processors can execute instructions of different instruction set architectures (ISA). For example, at least one of the multiple processors can be or include a graphics processing unit (GPU). One or more of the storage media and memory media can be a software product, program product, and / or article of manufacture. For example, a software product, program product, and / or article of manufacture can be configured, encoded, and / or decoded with instructions according to at least a portion of one or more of the systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more methods, and / or one or more processes described herein that are executable by a processor.

[0106] Processor 510 may include any suitable system, device, or apparatus operable to interpret and execute program instructions, process data, or both stored in a memory medium and / or received via a network. Processor 510 may further include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), graphics processing unit (GPUs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or other circuitry configured to interpret and execute program instructions, process data, or both.

[0107] I / O device 540 may include any one or more tools that allow, permit, and / or enable a user to interact with computer system 500 and its associated components by facilitating input from the user and output to the user. Facilitating input from the user may allow the user to manipulate and / or control computer system 500, and facilitating output to the user may allow computer system 500 to indicate the effects of the user's manipulation and / or control. For example, I / O device 540 may allow the user to input data, instructions, or both into computer system 500 and otherwise manipulate and / or control computer system 500 and its associated components. The I / O device may include user interface devices such as a keyboard, mouse, touch screen, joystick, hand-held lens, tool tracking device, coordinate input device, or any other I / O device suitable for use with the system.

[0108] I / O device 540 may include one or more buses, one or more serial devices, and / or one or more network interfaces, etc., that may facilitate and / or permit processor 510 to implement at least a portion of one or more systems, processes, and / or methods described herein. In one example, I / O device 540 may include a storage interface that may facilitate and / or permit processor 510 to communicate with an external memory. The storage interface may include one or more of a universal serial bus (USB) interface, SATA (serial ATA) interface, PATA (parallel ATA) interface, and small computer system interface (SCSI), etc. In a second example, I / O device 540 may include a network interface that may facilitate and / or permit processor 510 to communicate with a network. I / O device 540 may include one or more of a wireless network interface and a wired network interface. In a third example, I / O device 540 may include a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) interface, PCI Express (PCIe) interface, serial peripheral interconnect (SPI) interface, and internal integrated circuit (I 2C) one or more of the interfaces, etc. In a fourth example, the I / O device 540 may include circuitry that can permit the processor 510 to communicate data with one or more sensors. In a fifth example, the I / O device 540 may facilitate and / or permit the processor 510 to communicate data with one or more of the display 550 and the MID 560, etc. In another example, the I / O device 540 may facilitate and / or permit the processor 510 to communicate data with the imaging device 570. As shown in the figure, the I / O device 540 may be coupled to the network 580. For example, the I / O device 540 may include a network interface.

[0109] The network 580 may include a wired network, a wireless network, an optical network, or a combination of the foregoing, etc. The network 580 may include and / or be coupled to various types of communication networks. For example, the network 580 may include and / or be coupled to a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a cellular telephone network, a satellite telephone network, or a combination of the foregoing, etc. The WAN may include a private WAN, an enterprise WAN, a public WAN, or a combination of the foregoing, etc.

[0110] The computer systems described herein may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions such as those described with reference to the computer system 500. In one example, the computer system 152 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions such as those described with reference to the computer system 500. In a second example, the computer system 312 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions such as those described with reference to the computer system 500. In a third example, the computer system 430 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions such as those described with reference to the computer system 500. In another example, the computer system of the MID 450 may include one or more structures and / or one or more functions such as those described with reference to the computer system 500. Although not specifically shown, any device and / or any system may be coupled to the processor of the computer system. For example, any device and / or any system may be communicatively coupled to the processor of the computer system.

[0111] Now turning to Figure 6 , an example of a method of operating an optical system is shown. At 610, a laser beam may be generated. For example, the laser 120 may generate a laser beam. The computer system 152 may provide control information indicating the generation of the laser beam to the laser 120. For example, the laser 120 may receive the control information from the computer system 152 and generate the laser beam according to the control information.

[0112] At 615, the laser beam can be directed to the test surface. For example, the focusing optics 140 can direct the laser beam to the surface 112. The focusing optics 140 can reflect a portion of the laser beam. The remaining portion of the laser beam can travel to the surface 112. At 620, the reflected portion of the laser beam can be directed to the TPA detector 130. For example, the detector optics 122 can direct the reflected portion of the laser beam to the TPA detector 130. The reflected portion of the laser beam can be reflected from the surface 112.

[0113] At 625, the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam can be determined. For example, the TPA detector 130 can determine the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam. The TPA detector 130 can transform the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam into digital data indicative of the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam. The TPA detector 130 can provide the digital data indicative of the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam to the computer system 152. The computer system 152 can receive the digital data indicative of the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam.

[0114] At 630, it can be determined whether the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is the maximum intensity. For example, the computer system 152 can determine whether the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is the maximum intensity based on the digital data indicative of the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam. Determining whether the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is the maximum intensity can include: comparing the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam with one or more other intensities of other reflected portions of the laser beam. For example, the computer system 152 can store and / or access the one or more other intensities via a memory medium.

[0115] If the signal is not at the maximum intensity, at 635, the focusing optics 140 can be adjusted. For example, the computer system 152 can adjust the focusing optics 140. The computer system 152 can provide control information indicative of at least one adjustment of the focusing optics 140 to the focusing optics 140. For example, the computer system 152 can provide control information indicative of at least one adjustment of one or more of the lenses 142A and 142B to the beam expander 141. Adjusting the focusing optics 140 can direct the focal point of the laser beam to a different position relative to the Z-axis. For example, adjusting the focusing optics 140 can direct the focal point of the laser beam toward or away from the surface 112. The method can proceed to 610.

[0116] If the signal is at a maximum, at 640, it can be determined that the focal point is at surface 112. For example, computer system 152 can determine that the focal point is at surface 112. Interpolation can be used to refine the position of surface 112. At 645, a result can be provided. For example, computer system 152 can provide a result. Providing the result can include one or more of the following: displaying the result via a display, printing the result via a printer, storing the result to a memory medium, and sending the result to a communication network, etc.

[0117] Now turning to Figure 7A , an example of a method for determining a topographic map of a patient's eye is shown. At 702, a laser beam can be generated. For example, laser 120 can generate a laser beam. Generating the laser beam can include pulsing the laser beam. Pulsing the laser beam can include pulsing the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration. The laser beam can include photons associated with multiple frequencies.

[0118] At 704, a plurality of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam can be determined. In one example, as Figure 9A shown, a plurality of positions 910A - 910M of plane 900 orthogonal to the laser beam can be associated with a plurality of focal point distances. Although Figure 9A only fourteen positions are shown, any number of positions can be utilized. Additionally, these positions can be anywhere. As shown, plane 900 can be associated with the X - axis and Y - axis. In a second example, as Figure 9B shown, a plurality of positions 910A - 910M of plane 900 can be used with eye 116. Although Figure 9B only fourteen positions are shown, any number of positions can be utilized. Additionally, these positions can be anywhere. In another example, a plurality of focal point distances 920A - 920E of laser beam 915 associated with respective multiple positions 910E - 910I of plane 900 (shown in the corresponding Figures 9C to 9G ) can be determined. The plurality of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam can be determined via the Figure 7B method shown.

[0119] At 706, a topographic map of the patient's eye can be determined based at least on the plurality of focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions. For example, a topographic map of eye 116 of patient 320 can be determined based at least on the plurality of focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions.

[0120] At 708, a topographical map of a patient's eye can be displayed. In one example, the topographical map of the patient's eye can be displayed via a display. In another example, the topographical map of the patient's eye can be displayed via a printer. The printer can print the topographical map of the eye on a piece of paper.

[0121] Now turning to Figure 7B , an example of a method for determining a plurality of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is shown. The method shown can be performed for each of the multiple positions in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, the method shown can be performed for each of the positions 910A - 910M in plane 900. Figure 7B For example, the method shown can be performed for each of the positions 910A - 910M in plane 900. Figure 7B the method shown.

[0122] At 710, at least one mirror can be adjusted to aim the laser beam at that position among the multiple positions in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, at least one mirror can be adjusted to aim the laser beam at position 910E among the positions 910A - 910M in plane 900. Scanner 144 can include one or more mirrors. For example, scanner 144 can aim the laser beam at that position among the multiple positions in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. Scanner 144 can adjust at least one mirror to aim the laser beam at that position among the multiple positions in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

[0123] At 712, a plurality of intensity values associated with respective intermediate focal point distances can be determined. In one example, a plurality of intensity values associated with respective intermediate focal point distances 930A - 930D of laser beam 915 (shown correspondingly in Figures 9H to 9K ) can be determined. The intermediate focal point distance 930D of laser beam 915 (shown in Figure 9K ) can be to the surface 210 of the eye 116. In another example, a plurality of intensity values associated with respective intermediate focal point distances 930A - 930C and 930E of laser beam 915 (shown correspondingly in Figures 9H to 9J , Figure 9L and Figure 9M ) can be determined. The intermediate focal point distance 930F of laser beam 915 (shown in Figure 9M ) can be to the incision 230 in the eye 116. The plurality of intensity values associated with the respective intermediate focal point distances can be determined via Figure 7C the method shown.

[0124] At 714, the maximum intensity value among multiple intensity values can be determined. In one example, computer system 152 can determine the maximum intensity value among multiple intensity values. In another example, computer system 430 can determine the maximum intensity value among multiple intensity values. If the maximum intensity value associated with intermediate focus distance 930D has been determined, another maximum intensity value among multiple intensity values can be determined. For example, another maximum intensity value among multiple intensity values can be associated with intermediate focus distance 930F.

[0125] At 716, the intermediate focus distance corresponding to the maximum intensity value among multiple intermediate focus distances can be determined. In one example, the intermediate focus distance 930D among intermediate focus distances 930A - 930D can be determined. In another example, the intermediate focus distance 930F among intermediate focus distances 930A - 930C, 930E, and 930F can be determined. If the intermediate focus distance 930D has been determined, the intermediate focus distance 930F can be determined. For example, optical system 110 can use an additional intermediate focus distance 930 greater than intermediate focus distance 930D to determine another maximum intensity value associated with intermediate focus distance 930F.

[0126] At 718, one of the focus distances among multiple focus distances can be determined as the intermediate focus distance corresponding to the maximum intensity value among multiple intermediate focus distances. In one example, one of the focus distances among multiple focus distances can be determined as the intermediate focus distance 930D corresponding to the maximum intensity value among intermediate focus distances 930A - 930D. In another example, one of the focus distances among multiple focus distances can be determined as the intermediate focus distance 930F corresponding to the maximum intensity value among intermediate focus distances 930A - 930C, 930E, and 930F.

[0127] Now turning to Figure 7C , an example of a method for determining multiple intensity values associated with corresponding multiple intermediate focus distances is shown. The method shown can be executed for each of the multiple intermediate focus distances. For example, the method shown can be executed for each of the intermediate focus distances 930A - 930F. Figure 7C For example, the method shown can be executed for each of the intermediate focus distances 930A - 930F. Figure 7C The method shown can be executed for each of the intermediate focus distances 930A - 930F.

[0128] At 720, the beam expander can be adjusted to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focus point distance. For example, the beam expander 141 can be adjusted to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focus point distance 930. Adjusting the beam expander 141 to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focus point distance 930 can include: adjusting one or more lenses of the beam expander 141. For example, one or more of the lenses 142A and 142B can be adjusted to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focus point distance 930.

[0129] At 722, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the surface of the patient's eye can be received via the TPA. For example, the TPA detector 130 can receive at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the surface 210 of the eye 116 of the patient 320.

[0130] At 724, an intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance among a plurality of intensity values can be determined based on at least that portion of the laser beam. For example, an intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance 930 can be determined. The intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance 930D can be the maximum intensity value. The intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance 930F can be the maximum intensity value.

[0131] Determining an intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance among a plurality of intensity values based on at least that portion of the laser beam can include: the ADC receiving an analog signal from the TPA detector. Determining an intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance among a plurality of intensity values based on at least that portion of the laser beam can include: the ADC converting the analog signal from the TPA detector into an intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance among a plurality of intensity values. In one example, the ADC can convert current into a digital value. In another example, the ADC can convert voltage into a digital value.

[0132] At 726, an intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance among a plurality of intensity values can be stored via a memory medium. For example, an intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance and the intermediate focus point distance can be stored via the memory medium. The intermediate focus point distance can be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the intensity value associated with the intermediate focus point distance. For example, the focus point distance can be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the maximum intensity value.

[0133] Storing intensity values associated with the intermediate focus distance and the intermediate focus distance via a memory medium may include: storing intensity values associated with the intermediate focus distance and the intermediate focus distance via a database. The intermediate focus distance may be accessed and / or retrieved from the database via the intensity value associated with the intermediate focus distance. For example, the focus distance may be accessed and / or retrieved from the database via the maximum intensity value. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

[0134] Turning now Figure 7D , an example of a method for determining a topographical map of a portion of a patient interface is shown. At 730, a laser beam may be generated. For example, laser 120 may generate a laser beam. Generating the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam. Pulsing the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration. The laser beam may include photons associated with a plurality of frequencies.

[0135] At 732, a plurality of focus distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined. In one example, as Figure 9A shown, multiple positions 910A - 910M of plane 900 orthogonal to the laser beam may be associated with a plurality of focus distances. Although Figure 9A only fourteen positions are shown, any number of positions may be utilized. Additionally, these positions may be anywhere. As shown, plane 900 may be associated with the X - axis and the Y - axis. In a second example, as Figure 10A shown, multiple positions 910A - 910M of plane 900 may be used with patient interface 114. Although Figure 10A only fourteen positions are shown, any number of positions may be utilized. Additionally, these positions may be anywhere. In another example, as Figure 10B shown, multiple positions 910A - 910M of plane 900 may be used with surface 1005 of patient interface 114. Although Figure 10B only fourteen positions are shown, any number of positions may be utilized. Additionally, these positions may be anywhere.

[0136] At 734, a topographical map of the surface of the patient interface may be determined based at least on the plurality of focus distances associated with the respective multiple positions. For example, a topographical map of surface 1005 of patient interface 114 may be determined based at least on the plurality of focus distances associated with the respective multiple positions. Surface 1005 may be asFigures 10E to 10G The surface 1012 shown. For example, a plurality of focal point distances 1020A - 1020E (shown correspondingly in Figures 10C - 10G ) can be associated with a corresponding plurality of locations 910E - 910I.

[0137] At 736, a topographical map of the surface of the patient interface can be stored. For example, a topographical map of the surface of the patient interface can be stored via a memory medium. Storing a topographical map of the surface of the patient interface via a memory medium can include: storing a topographical map of the surface of the patient interface via a database. A topographical map of the surface of the patient interface can be accessed and / or retrieved from the database. The database can be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center. In one example, the database can include a relational database. In a second example, the database can include a graph database. In a third example, the database can include an associative array. In another example, the database can include a NoSQL database.

[0138] Now turning to Figure 7E , another example of a method for determining a plurality of focal point distances associated with corresponding locations in a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is shown. The method shown can be performed for each of a plurality of locations in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, the method shown can be performed for each of the locations 910A - 910M in plane 900. Figure 7E Figure 7E Figure 7E the method shown.

[0139] At 738, at least one mirror can be adjusted to aim the laser beam at that location among the plurality of locations in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, at least one mirror can be adjusted to aim the laser beam at location 910E among the locations 910A - 910M in plane 900. Scanner 144 can include one or more mirrors. For example, scanner 144 can aim the laser beam at that location among the plurality of locations in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. Scanner 144 can adjust at least one mirror to aim the laser beam at that location among the plurality of locations in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

[0140] At 740, a plurality of intensity values associated with corresponding intermediate focal point distances can be determined. For example, a plurality of intensity values associated with the corresponding intermediate focal point distances 1030A - 1030D of the laser beam 1015 (shown correspondingly in Figures 10H to 10K ) can be determined. The intermediate focal point distance 1030D of the laser beam 1015 (in Figure 10Kshown) can be to the surface or end 1012 of the patient interface 114. Although the surface or end 1012 of the patient interface 114 is shown as linear or "flat", the surface or end 1012 of the patient interface 114 can be non-linear. For example, the surface or end 1012 of the patient interface 114 can be concave or convex. As Figures 10A to 10K shown, the patient interface can have surfaces 1010 and 1012. Surface 1010 can be the front surface or front end of the patient interface 114. Surface 1012 can be the rear surface or rear end of the patient interface 114. In one example, surface 1012 can be surface 1005. In a second example, surface 1012 can be surface 112. In another example, surface 1012 can be the surface of the lens 486. Surface 1012 can be the surface of the lens 486 that contacts the eye 116.

[0141] At 742, the maximum intensity value among a plurality of intensity values can be determined. For example, the computer system 152 can determine the maximum intensity value among a plurality of intensity values. In another example, the computer system 430 can determine the maximum intensity value among a plurality of intensity values.

[0142] At 744, the intermediate focal point distance corresponding to the maximum intensity value among a plurality of intermediate focal point distances can be determined. For example, the intermediate focal point distance 1030D among the intermediate focal point distances 1030A - 1030D can be determined.

[0143] At 746, one of the plurality of focal point distances can be determined as the intermediate focal point distance corresponding to the maximum intensity value among a plurality of intermediate focal point distances. In one example, one of the plurality of focal point distances can be determined as the intermediate focal point distance 1030D corresponding to the maximum intensity value among the intermediate focal point distances 1030A - 1030D.

[0144] Now turning to Figure 7F , another example of a method for determining a plurality of intensity values associated with corresponding plurality of intermediate focal point distances is shown. The Figure 7F shown method can be performed for each of the plurality of intermediate focal point distances. For example, the Figure 7F shown method can be performed for each of the intermediate focal point distances 1030A - 1030D.

[0145] At 748, the beam expander can be adjusted to focus the laser beam to this intermediate focal point distance. For example, the beam expander 141 can be adjusted to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focal point distance 1030. Adjusting the beam expander 141 to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focal point distance 1030 can include: adjusting one or more lenses of the beam expander 141. For example, one or more of the lenses 142A and 142B can be adjusted to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focal point distance 1030.

[0146] At 750, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the surface of the patient interface can be received via the TPA. For example, the TPA detector 130 can receive at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the surface 1012 of the patient interface 114.

[0147] At 752, an intensity value associated with this intermediate focal point distance among a plurality of intensity values can be determined based on at least this portion of the laser beam. For example, an intensity value associated with the intermediate focal point distance 1030 can be determined. The intensity value associated with the intermediate focal point distance 1030D can be the maximum intensity value.

[0148] Determining an intensity value associated with this intermediate focal point distance among a plurality of intensity values based on at least this portion of the laser beam can include: the ADC receiving an analog signal from the TPA detector. Determining an intensity value associated with this intermediate focal point distance among a plurality of intensity values based on at least this portion of the laser beam can include: the ADC converting the analog signal from the TPA detector into an intensity value associated with this intermediate focal point distance among a plurality of intensity values. In one example, the ADC can convert current into a digital value. In another example, the ADC can convert voltage into a digital value.

[0149] At 754, an intensity value associated with this intermediate focal point distance among a plurality of intensity values can be stored via the memory medium. For example, an intensity value associated with this intermediate focal point distance and this intermediate focal point distance can be stored via the memory medium. The intermediate focal point distance can be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the intensity value associated with this intermediate focal point distance. For example, the focal point distance can be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the maximum intensity value.

[0150] Storing intensity values associated with the intermediate focal point distance and the intermediate focal point distance via a memory medium may include: storing intensity values associated with the intermediate focal point distance and the intermediate focal point distance via a database. The intermediate focal point distance may be accessed and / or retrieved from the database via the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal point distance. For example, the focal point distance may be accessed and / or retrieved from the database via the maximum intensity value. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

[0151] Multiple intensity values may be used to determine a topographical map. For example, multiple intensity values may be used to determine a topographical map of the surface of a patient interface. Multiple intensity values may be used to determine a topographical map of the surface 1012 of the patient interface 114. For example, the surface of the patient interface 114 may include manufacturing inconsistencies and / or manufacturing defects. When the eye 116 contacts the surface 1012 of the patient interface 114, the topographical map of the surface 1012 may be used to determine and / or maintain the depth of an incision or cut in the eye 116. For example, when the eye 116 contacts the surface 1012, the topographical map of the surface 1012 may be used as a topographical map of the surface of the eye 116 to determine and / or maintain the depth of an incision or cut in the eye 116.

[0152] Now turning to Figure 8A , an example of a method for determining at least one incision depth is shown. At 810, a laser beam may be generated. For example, the laser 120 may generate a laser beam. Generating the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam. Pulsing the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration. The laser beam may include photons associated with multiple frequencies.

[0153] At 815, a first plurality of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined. In one example, as Figure 9A shown, multiple positions 910A - 910M in the plane 900 orthogonal to the laser beam may be associated with multiple focal point distances. Although Figure 9A only fourteen positions are shown, any number of positions may be utilized. Additionally, the positions may be anywhere. As shown, the plane 900 may be associated with the X-axis and the Y-axis. In a second example, as Figure 9B shown, multiple positions 910A - 910M of the plane 900 may be used with the eye 116. Although Figure 9BOnly fourteen positions are shown, but any number of positions can be utilized. Additionally, these positions can be anywhere. In another example, a plurality of focal point distances 940A - 940D of a laser beam 915 associated with a corresponding plurality of positions 910E - 910H of a plane 900 can be determined (shown in the corresponding Figures 9N to 9Q . The plurality of focal point distances associated with a corresponding plurality of positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam can be determined via the method shown in Figure 8B .

[0154] At 820, the depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye can be determined based at least on the difference between each focal point distance in the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance in the first plurality of focal point distances. In one example, the depth of an incision 230 in the eye 116 of a patient 320 can be determined based at least on the difference between the focal point distances 940A - 940D and the corresponding focal point distances 920A - 920D. The second plurality of focal point distances can be associated with a topographical map of the surface of the eye 116. In a second example, the depth of an incision 230 in the eye 116 of a patient 320 can be determined based at least on the difference between the focal point distances 940A - 940D and the corresponding focal point distances 1020A - 1020D. The second plurality of focal point distances can be associated with a topographical map of the surface of the patient interface 114. In another example, the depth of an incision 230 in the eye 116 of a patient 320 can be determined based at least on the difference between the focal point distances 942A - 942D (shown correspondingly in Figures 9U to 9X ) and the corresponding focal point distances 920A - 920D.

[0155] The topographical map of at least one incision in the patient's eye can be determined based at least on the difference between each focal point distance in the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance in the first plurality of focal point distances. The flap thickness can be determined via the depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye. For example, the flap thickness distribution can be determined based at least on one or more depths of at least one incision in the patient's eye. The flap thickness can be determined based at least on the difference between each focal point distance in the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance in the first plurality of focal point distances.

[0156] The cutting depth can be corrected based at least on the incision depth in the patient's eye. In one example, when performing an excision in the patient's eye, the cutting depth can be maintained (e.g., with little or no deviation from the specified cutting depth). In a second example, when performing an excision in the patient's eye, the cutting profile can be maintained (e.g., with little or no deviation from the specified cutting depth). The little deviation from the specified cutting depth can be an acceptable error margin of the specified cutting depth. In a third example, a flap can be excised in the patient's eye with little or no deviation from the specified cutting depth. In another example, a microlens can be excised in the patient's eye with little or no deviation from the specified cutting depth. For example, the FS 200 laser system from Alcon Vision LLC can perform an excision in the patient's eye.

[0157] At 825, the depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye can be displayed. In one example, the depth of at least one incision can be displayed via a display. In another example, the depth of at least one incision can be displayed via a printer. The printer can print the depth of at least one incision on a piece of paper. The topographical map of the patient's eye can be displayed together with the depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye. The topographical map of the surface of the patient interface can be displayed together with the depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye. The topographical map of at least one incision in the patient's eye can be displayed. The topographical map of the patient's eye and the topographical map of at least one incision in the patient's eye can be displayed.

[0158] Now turning to Figure 8B , an example of a method for determining a plurality of focal distances associated with respective positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam is shown. The Figure 8B method shown can be performed for each of a plurality of positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. In one example, the Figure 8B method shown can be performed for each of the positions 910A - 910M in plane 900. In another example, the Figure 8B method shown can be performed for each of some of the positions 910A - 910M in plane 900.

[0159] At 830, at least one mirror can be adjusted to aim the laser beam at that location among a plurality of locations in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. At least one mirror can be adjusted to aim the laser beam at any location. For example, at least one mirror can be adjusted to aim the laser beam at location 910F. Scanner 144 can include one or more mirrors. For example, scanner 144 can aim the laser beam at that location among a plurality of locations in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. Scanner 144 can adjust at least one mirror to aim the laser beam at that location among a plurality of locations in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

[0160] At 835, a plurality of intensity values associated with respective intermediate focus point distances can be determined. In one example, a plurality of intensity values associated with respective intermediate focus point distances 950A - 950C (shown in the respective Figures 9R to 9T s) of laser beam 915 can be determined. In another example, a plurality of intensity values associated with respective intermediate focus point distances 930A - 930C, 930E, and 930F (shown in the respective Figures 9H to 9J , Figure 9L and Figure 9M s) of laser beam 915 can be determined. The plurality of intensity values associated with the respective intermediate focus point distances can be determined via the Figure 8C -shown method.

[0161] At 840, the maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values can be determined. In one example, computer system 152 can determine the maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values. In another example, computer system 430 can determine the maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values. If the maximum intensity value associated with intermediate focus point distance 930D has been determined, then another maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values can be determined. For example, another maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values can be associated with intermediate focus point distance 930F. For example, the maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values associated with intermediate focus point distance 930F can be determined.

[0162] At 845, the intermediate focus point distance correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value among the plurality of intermediate focus point distances can be determined. In one example, the intermediate focus point distance 950C among intermediate focus point distances 950A - 950C can be determined. In another example, the intermediate focus point distance 930F among intermediate focus point distances 930A - 930C, 930E, and 930F can be determined.

[0163] At 850, one of the plurality of focal distances can be determined as the intermediate focal distance among the plurality of intermediate focal distances that is correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value. In one example, one of the plurality of focal distances can be determined as the intermediate focal distance 950C among the intermediate focal distances 950A - 950C that is correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value. In another example, one of the plurality of focal distances can be determined as the intermediate focal distance 930F among the intermediate focal distances 930A - 930C, 930E, and 930F that is correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value.

[0164] Now turning Figure 8C , an example of a method for determining a plurality of intensity values associated with a corresponding plurality of intermediate focal distances is shown. The method shown can be performed for each of the plurality of intermediate focal distances. For example, the method shown can be performed for each of the intermediate focal distances 950A - 950C. Figure 8C For example, the method shown can be performed for each of the intermediate focal distances 950A - 950C. [[ID= The method shown.

[0165] At 855, the beam expander can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at that intermediate focal distance. In one example, the beam expander 141 can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal distance 930. In another example, the beam expander 141 can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal distance 950. Adjusting the beam expander 141 to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal distance can include: adjusting one or more lenses of the beam expander 141. In one example, one or more of the lenses 142A and 142B can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal distance 930. In another example, one or more of the lenses 142A and 142B can be adjusted to focus the laser beam at the intermediate focal distance 950.

[0166] At 860, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the incision in the patient's eye can be received via the TPA. For example, the TPA detector 130 can receive at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from the incision 230 in the eye 116 of the patient 320.

[0167] At 865, an intensity value associated with that intermediate focal distance among the plurality of intensity values can be determined based on at least that portion of the laser beam. In one example, an intensity value associated with the intermediate focal distance 930 can be determined. The intensity value associated with the intermediate focal distance 930F can be the maximum intensity value. In another example, an intensity value associated with the intermediate focal distance 950 can be determined. The intensity value associated with the intermediate focal distance 950C can be the maximum intensity value.

[0168] Determining the intensity value associated with the distance from the intermediate focal point among the plurality of intensity values based on at least this portion of the laser beam may include: The ADC receives an analog signal from the TPA detector. Determining the intensity value associated with the distance from the intermediate focal point among the plurality of intensity values based on at least this portion of the laser beam may include: The ADC converts the analog signal from the TPA detector into the intensity value associated with the distance from the intermediate focal point among the plurality of intensity values. In one example, the ADC may convert current into a digital value. In another example, the ADC may convert voltage into a digital value.

[0169] At 870, the intensity value associated with the distance from the intermediate focal point among the plurality of intensity values may be stored via a memory medium. For example, the intensity value associated with the distance from the intermediate focal point and the distance from the intermediate focal point may be stored via a memory medium. The distance from the intermediate focal point may be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the intensity value associated with the distance from the intermediate focal point. For example, the focal point distance may be accessed and / or retrieved from the memory medium via the maximum intensity value.

[0170] Storing the intensity value associated with the distance from the intermediate focal point and the distance from the intermediate focal point via a memory medium may include: Storing the intensity value associated with the distance from the intermediate focal point and the distance from the intermediate focal point via a database. The distance from the intermediate focal point may be accessed and / or retrieved from the database via the intensity value associated with the distance from the intermediate focal point. For example, the focal point distance may be accessed and / or retrieved from the database via the maximum intensity value. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center, etc. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

[0171] Now turning to ​ and ​ , an example of a patient interface angled with respect to a plane is shown. As ​ shown, line 1040A may be parallel to plane 900 and the X-axis. Determining the topographic map of the surface of the patient interface may include: determining the angle θ. As ​ shown, line 1040B may be parallel to plane 900 and the Y-axis. For example, line 1040B may be orthogonal to line 1040A. Lines 1040A and 1040B may be parallel to plane 900. Determining the topographic map of the surface of the patient interface may include: determining the angle Angle θ and One or more of them may be used to determine and / or maintain the depth of the incision or cut in the eye 116. For example, when the eye 116 contacts the surface 1012 of the patient interface 114, angle θ and One or more of them can be used to determine and / or maintain the depth of the incision or cut in the eye 116.

[0172] One or more of the method and / or process elements, and / or one or more parts of the method and / or processor elements can be executed in a different order, can be repeated, or can be omitted. In addition, additional, supplementary, and / or repetitive method and / or process elements can be implemented, instantiated, and / or executed as needed. In addition, one or more elements of the system elements can be omitted and / or additional system elements can be added as needed.

[0173] The memory medium can be and / or can include an article of manufacture. For example, the article of manufacture can include and / or can be a software product and / or a program product. The memory medium can be encoded and / or coded with processor-executable instructions according to one or more flowcharts, systems, methods, and / or processes described herein to produce the article of manufacture.

[0174] The subject matter disclosed above should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other implementations that fall within the true spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, to the fullest extent legally permitted, the scope of the present disclosure will be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and should not be limited or restricted to the foregoing detailed description.

Claims

1. A medical system, comprising: At least one processor; A laser, the laser being coupled to the at least one processor and configured to generate a laser beam; A two-photon absorption (TPA) detector, the two-photon absorption detector being coupled to the at least one processor; And A memory medium, the memory medium being coupled to the at least one processor and including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the medical system to: Generate the laser beam; Determine a first plurality of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam; Determine a second plurality of focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions in the plane orthogonal to the laser beam by: for each position of the multiple positions, the instructions further cause the medical system to: Adjust at least one mirror to aim the laser beam at the position; Determine a plurality of intensity values associated with respective multiple intermediate focal point distances, each intermediate focal point distance being greater than each focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances associated with the position of the multiple positions, by: for each intermediate focal point distance of the multiple intermediate focal point distances, the instructions further cause the medical system to: Adjust a beam expander to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focal point distance; Receive, via the TPA detector, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from an incision in the patient's eye; And Determine the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal point distance among the plurality of intensity values based on at least the portion of the laser beam; Determine a maximum intensity value among the plurality of intensity values; Determine the intermediate focal point distance among the plurality of intermediate focal point distances correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value; And Determine one of the plurality of focal point distances as the intermediate focal point distance among the plurality of intermediate focal point distances correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value; And Determine a depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye based at least on a difference between each focal point distance of the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances.

2. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein, To generate the laser beam, the instructions further cause the medical system to pulse the laser beam.

3. The medical system according to claim 2, wherein To pulse the laser beam, the instructions further cause the medical system to pulse the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration.

4. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein, The plane is associated with the X-axis and the Y-axis.

5. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein, The instructions further cause the medical system to: Display the depth of the at least one incision in the patient's eye.

6. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein, To determine the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal point distance among the plurality of intensity values based on at least the portion of the laser beam, the instructions further cause the medical system to: Receive, via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an analog signal from the TPA detector; and Convert, via the ADC, the analog signal from the TPA detector into the intensity value associated with the intermediate focal point distance among the plurality of intensity values.

7. The medical system according to claim 6, wherein, The ADC is configured to convert current into a digital value.

8. The medical system according to claim 6, wherein, The ADC is configured to convert voltage into a digital value.

9. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein The instruction further causes the medical system to: Determine a topographical map of the at least one incision in the patient's eye based at least on a difference between each focal point distance of the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances.

10. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein, The laser beam includes photons associated with a plurality of frequencies.

11. A method of operating a medical system, the method comprising: Generate a laser beam; Determine a first plurality of focal point distances associated with respective pluralities of positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam; Determine a second plurality of focal point distances associated with respective pluralities of positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam by, for each position of the pluralities of positions: Adjust at least one mirror to direct the laser beam to the position; Determine a plurality of intensity values associated with respective pluralities of intermediate focal point distances, each intermediate focal point distance being greater than each focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances associated with the position of the pluralities of positions, by, for each intermediate focal point distance of the pluralities of intermediate focal point distances: Adjust a beam expander to focus the laser beam to the intermediate focal point distance; Receive, via a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from an incision in the patient's eye; And Determine an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values associated with the intermediate focal point distance based on at least the portion of the laser beam; Determine a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values; Determine an intermediate focal point distance of the pluralities of intermediate focal point distances correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value; And Determine one of the plurality of focal point distances as the intermediate focal point distance of the pluralities of intermediate focal point distances correspondingly associated with the maximum intensity value; And Determine a depth of at least one incision in the patient's eye based at least on a difference between each focal point distance of the second plurality of focal point distances and each corresponding focal point distance of the first plurality of focal point distances.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The generating the laser beam includes: pulsing the laser beam.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The pulsing the laser beam includes: pulsing the laser beam with a femtosecond pulse duration.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein The plane is associated with an X-axis and a Y-axis.

15. The method of claim 11, further comprising: Displaying a depth of the at least one incision in the patient's eye.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The determining an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values associated with the intermediate focal point distance based on at least the portion of the laser beam includes: Receiving an analog signal from the TPA detector by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC); and Converting, by the ADC, the analog signal from the TPA detector into an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values associated with the intermediate focal point distance.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The ADC is configured to convert current into a digital value.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The ADC is configured to convert voltage into a digital value.

19. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: determining a topographical map of the at least one incision in the patient's eye based at least on a difference between each focus distance of the second plurality of focus distances and each corresponding focus distance of the first plurality of focus distances.

20. The method according to claim 11, wherein The laser beam includes photons associated with a plurality of frequencies.

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