Mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device and operation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device, comprising a lifting spear head and a spear scoop; the spear scoop is provided with a wedge block group, a wedge block limit frame and a gear conversion mechanism, the wedge block group can move along the wedge block limit frame, and is in an expanded state when moved to the uppermost end and in a contracted state when moved to the lowermost end; the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism can move up and down relative to the fixed part, so that it can switch between the hanging gear and the lowering gear; after the lifting spear head is inserted into the spear scoop, the gear conversion mechanism is switched to the lowering gear, the wedge block group is contracted, the lifting spear head is connected and locked with the bearing shell of the spear scoop, and the lifting load is transmitted; when the lifting spear head triggers the gear conversion mechanism again to switch to the hanging gear, the wedge block group is in an expanded state, the lifting spear head can be moved out of the spear scoop to complete the load release. The present invention realizes full mechanical automatic and cyclic repeated locking and releasing, and has the advantages of compact structure, small size, light weight, high reliability, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lifting tools, and in particular relates to a mechanical automatic load locking / releasing lifting device and an operating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the link between the lifting mechanism and the load, the sling is one of the most commonly used tools for lifting heavy objects. The hooks commonly used at present need to be hooked and unhooked with manual assistance. The automatic sling can automatically lock and release the load without manual hooking and unhooking operations. It has a wide range of application value in dangerous working environments, frequent operations or situations where manual work is not competent, such as high-altitude lifting of beams by bridge erection machines in bridge construction, lowering or salvaging heavy objects in deep water environments, and lowering and releasing loads from helicopters. The structural forms of the existing technology mainly include clamp clamping type, hook-shaped unhooking type, pin buckle type, etc. Although the above solutions have certain practical application effects, there are still the following problems: 1) The locking force structure is weak, the safety and reliability are low, and the sling is often large in size and weight under large load conditions, and it is difficult to install and move. Such as open hooks, pin buckles, clamp clamps, etc.; 2) The degree of automation of locking and releasing loads needs to be improved, such as semi-automatic that still requires manual intervention, can only release the load unhooking but not automatically lock the hook, and requires hydraulic and electrical devices to assist in completing locking and releasing. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device in view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, which realizes fully mechanical automatic and repeated locking (hooking) and releasing (unhooking), is suitable for large loads, and has the advantages of compact structure, small size, light weight and high reliability.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is:

[0005] A mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device comprises a lifting spear head and a spear catching device; the lifting spear head has a conical enlarged head at the upper end and is connected to the load at the lower end; the spear catching device is connected to the lifting mechanism at the upper end and is provided with a round hole for inserting the lifting spear head at the lower end;

[0006] The spear scooping device is internally provided with a wedge block group, a wedge block limiting frame and a gear conversion mechanism, wherein the wedge block group is located at the lower part, the gear conversion mechanism is located at the upper part, and the wedge block limiting frame is located between the two; the wedge block group can move up and down along the wedge block limiting frame, and when the wedge block group moves to the uppermost end, it is in an expanded state, at which time its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head, and when the wedge block group moves to the lowermost end, it is in a contracted state, at which time its inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head; an elastic tension member is arranged between the wedge block limiting frame and the wedge block group, so that the wedge block group is in an expanded state without being subjected to external force; the gear conversion mechanism includes a fixed part and a movable part, and the movable part can The lifting mechanism is capable of moving up and down relative to the fixed part, so that the gear conversion mechanism switches between the two working states of the hanging gear and the lowering gear; after the lifting spear head is inserted into the spear scooping device, the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism is triggered by the top of the lifting spear head, so that it switches from the initial hanging gear to the lowering gear, thereby controlling the contraction of the wedge block group. When the wedge block group is in the contracted state, the lifting spear head is connected and locked with the load-bearing shell of the spear scooping device to transmit the lifting load; when the lifting spear head moves up and triggers the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism again, the gear conversion mechanism switches from the lowering gear to the hanging gear, and the wedge block group is in the expanded state again under the action of the elastic tension member, and the lifting spear head can be moved out of the spear scooping device to complete the load release.

[0007] In the above scheme, the wedge block group is composed of multiple wedge blocks of the same size; the wedge block has a fan-shaped cross section and an inverted trapezoidal longitudinal section. When all the wedge blocks are coaxially closed, they are in the shape of a hollow inverted frustum, and the diameter of the inner hole is the same as the diameter of the rod body at the lower part of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spearhead; the two circumferential end faces of the wedge block are provided with track grooves, which are in a motion matching relationship with the guide rails in the wedge block limit frame to limit the movement direction of the wedge block; the upper end face of the wedge block is provided with an elastic tension piece connection mechanism for installing the elastic tension piece.

[0008] In the above scheme, the taper of the outer conical surface of the wedge block is determined according to the locking force and the locking / releasing working stroke design, and the reasonable range is between 20 and 40 degrees.

[0009] In the above scheme, the wedge block limit frame includes a guide rail support frame, a wedge block guide rail and the elastic tension member; the guide rail support frame is a cylinder with a certain wall thickness; the wedge block guide rails are fixed to the lower end of the guide rail support frame, and the number is the same as the number of the wedge blocks, and each wedge block guide rail cooperates with the track grooves of two adjacent wedge blocks so that the wedge block can move up and down along the wedge block guide rail; the upper end of the elastic tension member is fixed to the upper part of the guide rail support frame, and the lower end is connected to the corresponding wedge block.

[0010] In the above scheme, a strip window is set in the middle of the guide rail support frame, the number of the strip windows is the same as the number of the wedge blocks, the strip windows and the wedge block guide rails are evenly arranged in an annular staggered manner, and the elastic tension members are arranged in the corresponding strip windows.

[0011] In the above scheme, an elastic tension member guide wheel is arranged at the strip window to adjust the tension direction of the elastic tension member to be consistent with the movement direction of the wedge block, and to leave space to avoid interference with the gear shifting mechanism.

[0012] In the above scheme, the gear conversion mechanism includes a slider housing, a slider, a compression spring, a bayonet arm, and a control cylinder; the slider housing is the fixed part, and the slider and the control cylinder constitute the movable part; the slider is embedded in the inner hole of the slider housing and can perform piston-like movement along the axial direction; the compression spring is arranged between the slider and the top of the spear scooper housing, so that the slider always has a thrust to move downward; the slider is provided with a plane, and a closed-loop track groove for gear conversion is arranged on the plane, and two working gears and a gear flow channel are formed in the closed-loop track groove, and the two working gears are The positions are respectively a hanging position and a lowering position; the upper end of the bayonet arm is hinged to the slider housing, and the lower end can move sequentially along the closed-loop track groove with the axial movement of the slider, and put the slider in a hanging state or a lowering state, thereby controlling the axial position of the slider; the control cylinder is fixedly installed at the lower end of the slider, and the inner diameter of the control cylinder is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head, so that the lifting spear head can enter the control cylinder and the top of the lifting spear head can contact the bottom of the slider, and at the same time, the outer diameter of the control cylinder is larger than the internal contour formed when the wedge block group is in the expanded state.

[0013] In the above solution, a keyway track is provided on the slider housing, and a positioning piece adapted to the keyway track is provided on the slider, and the rotation and axial movement range of the slider is limited by the positioning piece.

[0014] In the above scheme, the spear scooping device further comprises a load-bearing upper shell and a load-bearing lower shell, wherein the load-bearing upper shell and the load-bearing lower shell are fixedly connected in a detachable manner to form an overall external frame of the spear scooping device, bearing all lifting loads; a structure connected to the lifting mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the load-bearing upper shell, and a coaxial internal threaded hole which is not penetrated is arranged in the middle of the lower end, for installing and fixing the gear shifting mechanism; the load-bearing lower shell is a hollow cylinder, and the inner cavity is divided into three sections according to the size of the aperture, and the inner cavity of the upper section is a cylindrical surface , its inner diameter is not less than the outer contour of the wedge block limit frame and the gear conversion mechanism, and it is the installation cavity of the wedge block limit frame and the gear conversion mechanism; the middle section inner cavity is an inverted cone surface that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, and it is the working chamber of the wedge block group. Its surface taper is the same as the taper of the outer side surface of the wedge block group, and its height is greater than the working height of the wedge block group moving up and down; the lower section inner cavity is a cylindrical surface, and its inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the lifting spear head conical enlarged head, so that the lifting spear head can smoothly enter the upper inner cavity.

[0015] Accordingly, the present invention also provides an operating method of the above-mentioned mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Assemble the spear catching device of the mechanical automatic locking / releasing load spreader device, and put the gear conversion mechanism in the hanging gear. At this time, the wedge block group is in an expanded state under the tension of the elastic tension member, and its inner hole allows the lifting spear head to pass through;

[0017] Step 2: lower the spear scoop device so that the lifting spear head is inserted into the spear scoop device, and the top of the lifting spear head contacts the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism so that the gear conversion mechanism is disengaged from the suspension gear. After continuing to insert for a set distance, the lifting spear head and the spear scoop device cannot be further inserted due to the restriction of the position-limiting step;

[0018] Step 3: lifting the spear scooping device, the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism and the lifting spear head move downward synchronously, the lower end of the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism touches the top surface of the wedge block group and drives the wedge block group to move downward and shrink synchronously, and the gear conversion mechanism switches to the lowering gear. At this time, the top surface of the wedge block group is lower than the bottom surface of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head; when the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism stops moving downward, the inner diameter of the wedge block group is smaller than the outer diameter of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head; the lifting spear head continues to move downward, and its top is separated from the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism, and the bottom surface of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head contacts the top surface of the wedge block group, and drives the wedge block group to continue to move downward and shrink synchronously; when the wedge block group moves down to the lowest position, the self-locking effect of the wedge block makes the wedge block group tightly bite the neck rod body of the lifting spear head, and under the dual effects of self-locking and the load bearing of the cone enlarged end surface, the lifting spear head and the spear scooping device are locked and load is transferred, completing the mechanical automatic locking operation;

[0019] Step 4: lower the spear scooping device, lift the spear head and move it up, the wedge block group is relieved of the stress state and moves up synchronously with the lifting spear head under the action of the wedge block elastic tension member, and the inner diameter of the wedge block group gradually expands; when the top surface of the wedge block group contacts the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism, the wedge block group stops moving up; the lifting spear head continues to move up, and when its top contacts the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism, it drives the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism to move up, so that the gear conversion mechanism is separated from the lowering gear, and at this time the wedge block group continues to move up with the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism; when the upward movement of the wedge block group stops, the wedge block group is in an expanded state, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head; after the lifting spear head drives the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism to continue to move up a set distance, the lifting spear head and the spear scooping device cannot be inserted further due to the restriction of the limited step;

[0020] Step 5: lift the spear scoop and lift the spear head downward, driving the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism to move downward synchronously for a set distance, and then the gear of the gear conversion mechanism is converted to the suspension gear, and the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism stops moving downward. At this time, the bottom surface of the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism has not yet contacted the top surface of the wedge block group; the wedge block group is in an expanded state, and the spear head is lifted and continues to move downward, so that the spear scoop can be smoothly removed, completing the mechanical automatic release operation.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention can realize fully mechanical automatic locking and release of loads, without manual assistance for hooking and unhooking, and the locking and releasing are alternately converted and cyclically repeated, which is particularly suitable for hoisting scenes in dangerous working environments or where manual labor is not competent.

[0023] 2. The double action mode of wedge block self-locking and enlarging the head end surface load is used to realize the locking connection between the lifting spear head and the spear catching device. This method can not only meet the connection strength requirements of large loads, but also has a compact structure, small size, light weight, safety and reliability.

[0024] 3. The key of the present invention is to use the lifting spearhead as the trigger mechanism of the working state and to use the gear conversion mechanism to control the contraction state of the wedge block. Through the closed-loop track groove mechanism with two working gears, the fully mechanized hooking and unhooking cycle switching is realized, and unmanned automation is completely realized.

[0025] 4. In addition to being used in vertical hoisting scenarios, the present invention can also be used as a quick connector for the quick connection and disconnection of various tension members, such as the connection between the sling of the hanging basket and the lower beam for cantilever casting construction of bridges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0027] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of a mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Exploded view of the 3D structure of the spear scooper;

[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the internal structure in the locked load state;

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Cross-section of the internal structure in the released load state;

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a wedge block group provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the wedge block limit frame provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the gear shifting mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the gear shifting mechanism with the gears suspended behind the slider housing;

[0035] Fig. 9 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the gear shifting mechanism with the gear shifting mechanism being lowered after the slider housing is blanked;

[0036] Fig.10 It is a working principle diagram of the mechanical automatic locking / releasing load provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 1. spear scooper; 11. load-bearing upper shell; 12. load-bearing lower shell; 13. wedge block group; 131. wedge block; 132. track groove; 133. elastic tension member connecting mechanism; 14. wedge block limit frame; 141. guide rail support frame; 1411. strip window; 142. wedge block guide rail; 143. elastic tension member; 144. elastic tension member guide wheel; 15. gear shifting mechanism; 151. slider housing; 1511. keyway track; 152. slider; 1521. closed-loop track groove; 1522. hanging gear; 1523. lowering gear; 1524. gear transfer channel; 1525. positioning member; 153. compression spring; 154. bayonet arm; 155. bayonet arm screw; 156. control cylinder; 157. control cylinder locking nut; 2. lifting spear head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes two parts: a lifting spear head 2 and a spear scooping device 1. The lifting spear head 2 is a columnar body with a conical enlarged head at the upper end, and the lower end is hinged or fixedly connected to the load. The spear scooping device 1 is generally cylindrical, with the upper end connected to the lifting mechanism, and the lower end is provided with a circular hole slightly larger than the outer diameter of the lifting spear head 2, so that the lifting spear head 2 can be inserted into the spear scooping device 1. The spear scooping device 1 is provided with a wedge block group 13, a wedge block limit frame 14 and a gear conversion mechanism 15. After the lifting spear head 2 is inserted into the spear scooping device 1, the gear conversion mechanism 15 is triggered by the top of the lifting spear head 2 to change the working state, thereby controlling the contraction and expansion of the wedge block group 13. When the wedge block group 13 is in a contracted state, its inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head 2. Under the dual effects of the wedge block conical surface self-locking and the enlarged end bearing, the lifting spear head 2 is connected and locked with the load-bearing housing of the spear scooping device 1 to transmit the lifting load. Figure 3 When the lifting spear head 2 moves up again to trigger the gear shift mechanism 15, the wedge block group 13 is in an expanded state, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head 2, and the lifting spear head 2 can be moved out of the spear fishing device 1 to complete the load release, such as Figure 4 Such repeated actions realize the alternating conversion of lifting the spear head 2 and locking or releasing the spear catching device 1.

[0040] The spear scooper 1 comprises five functional components, namely, a load-bearing upper shell 11, a load-bearing lower shell 12, a wedge block group 13, a wedge block limit frame 14 and a gear conversion mechanism 15. The load-bearing upper shell 11 and the load-bearing lower shell 12 are connected by threads to form the overall external frame of the spear scooper 1, which bears all lifting loads. A structure (such as a hinged ear plate, etc.) connected to the lifting mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the load-bearing upper shell 11, and a non-through coaxial internal threaded hole is arranged in the middle of the lower end for mounting and fixing the gear conversion mechanism 15. The load-bearing lower shell body 12 is a hollow cylinder, and the inner cavity can be divided into three sections according to the aperture size. The upper inner cavity is a cylindrical surface, and its inner diameter is not less than the outer contour of the wedge block limit frame 14 and the gear conversion mechanism 15, which is the installation cavity of the wedge block limit frame 14 and the gear conversion mechanism 15; the middle inner cavity is an inverted cone surface with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part, which is the working chamber of the wedge block group 13, and its surface taper is the same as the taper of the outer side surface of the wedge block group 13, and its height is greater than the working height of the wedge block group 13 moving up and down; the lower inner cavity is a cylindrical surface, and its inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head 2, so that the lifting spear head 2 can smoothly enter the upper inner cavity.

[0041] The wedge block assembly 13 is a key component for lifting the spear head 2 and locking the spear catching device 1 and transferring the load. It is installed in the middle conical cavity of the load-bearing lower shell 12 through the wedge block limit frame 14. Figure 5 The wedge block group 13 is composed of a plurality of wedge blocks 131 of the same size (it is recommended to be no less than 3, and 6 is optimal). The cross section of the wedge block 131 is fan-shaped, and the longitudinal section is an inverted trapezoid. When all the wedge blocks 131 are coaxially closed, they are in the shape of a hollow inverted frustum. The diameter of the inner hole is the same as the diameter of the rod body at the lower part of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head 2. The taper of the outer conical surface can be determined according to the locking force and the locking / release working stroke design (it is recommended to control it within 20 to 40 degrees). The two annular end faces of the wedge block 131 are provided with track grooves 132, which are in a motion matching relationship with the guide rails in the wedge block limit frame 14 to limit the movement direction of the wedge block 131. The upper end face of the wedge block 131 is provided with an elastic tension member connecting mechanism 133 for installing the elastic tension member 143.

[0042] The wedge block limit frame 14 is embedded in the cylindrical cavity of the upper section of the load-bearing lower shell 12, and the lower end can be seated on the diameter-changing step between the upper section and the middle section of the inner cavity of the load-bearing lower shell 12, and the upper end is pressed and fixed by the load-bearing upper shell 11. Figure 6 The wedge block limit frame 14 includes three parts: a guide rail support frame 141, a wedge block guide rail 142, and a wedge block elastic tension member 143. The guide rail support frame 141 is a cylinder with a certain wall thickness, with a strip window 1411 in the middle, and a groove and a threaded hole for installing and fixing the wedge block guide rail 142 at the lower end. The strip window 1411 and the groove and the threaded hole are evenly arranged in an annular staggered manner, and the number of them is the same as the number of the wedge block 131. The upper support frame of the strip window 1411 is provided with a pin hole and a pin shaft for fixing the elastic tension member 143. The wedge block guide rail 142 is a special-shaped plate-like component with a substantially consistent inclination with the outer side surface of the wedge block 131, and is fixed in the groove at the lower end of the guide rail support frame 141 by screws, and the number is the same as the number of the wedge block 131. Each wedge block guide rail 142 cooperates with the track groove 132 of two adjacent wedge blocks 131, so that the wedge block 131 is tangent to the conical inner cavity wall in the middle section of the load-bearing lower shell 12 and can move up and down. When all wedge blocks 131 are at the lowest end at the same time, the wedge block group 13 is in a contracted state; when all wedge blocks 131 are at the highest end at the same time, the wedge block group 13 is in an expanded state. The wedge block elastic tension member 143 is arranged in the above-mentioned strip window 1411, with the upper end fixed to the upper part of the guide rail support frame 141 and the lower end connected to the corresponding wedge block 131. Under the tension of the wedge block elastic tension member 143, the wedge block group 13 is initially in an expanded state. When the wedge block group 13 is subjected to a downward tension greater than the elastic tension member 143, the wedge block group 13 can move downward along the guide rail and contract.

[0043] The gear shift mechanism 15 is a switching mechanism for controlling the contraction or expansion of the wedge block group 13. Figure 7 The gear shifting mechanism 15 includes a slider housing 151, a slider 152, a compression spring 153, a bayonet arm 154, a control cylinder 156 and other components. The slider 152 is embedded in the inner hole of the slider housing 151 and can perform piston-like motion along the axial direction. A keyway-type track 1511 is provided on the slider housing 151, and the rotation and axial movement range of the slider 152 is limited by a positioning member 1525 (such as a positioning screw) on the slider 152. An external thread is provided on the upper end of the slider housing 151, and is fixedly connected to the load-bearing upper shell 11. A compression spring 153 is provided between the slider 152 and the load-bearing upper shell 11, so that the slider 152 always has a thrust to move downward. The slider 152 is provided with a plane, and a closed-loop track groove 1521 for gear shifting is provided on the plane. The closed-loop track groove 1521 consists of two working gears and a gear flow channel 1524. The two working gears are a suspension gear 1522 and a lowering gear 1523. When the slider 152 moves in the axial direction, the bayonet head of the bayonet arm 154 can move sequentially along the closed-loop track groove 1521 and put the slider 152 in a suspended state (see Figure 8 ) or lowered state (see Fig. 9 ), controlling the axial position of the slider 152. The bayonet arm 154 is fixed to the slider housing 151 by the bayonet arm screw 155, and can rotate around the bayonet arm screw 155 under the restriction of the closed-loop track groove 1521 according to the axial movement of the slider 152. The lower end of the slider 152 is provided with a thread fixedly connected to the control cylinder 156, and the inner diameter of the control cylinder 156 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the conical expansion head of the lifting spear head 2, so that the lifting spear head 2 can enter the control cylinder 156 and make the top of the lifting spear head 2 contact with the bottom of the slider 152, and the outer diameter of the control cylinder 156 is larger than the inner contour formed when the wedge block group 13 is in the expanded state. During the conversion process of the slider 152 from the hanging gear 1522 to the lowering gear 1523, the slider 152 drives the control cylinder 156 to move downward and contact the top surface of the wedge block 131 in the expanded state. As long as the force of the compression spring 153 of the slider 152 is greater than the force of the elastic tension member 143 of the wedge block, the wedge block 131 can be driven to move downward and contract.

[0044] As a further optimization, in this embodiment, a conical surface with a smaller top and a larger bottom can be provided at the bottom of the load-bearing lower shell 12 , which can play a guiding and positioning role when the spear head 2 is lifted and inserted into the spear catching device 1 .

[0045] For further optimization, in this embodiment, a tooth structure may be provided inside the wedge block 131 to increase the friction and bite force for lifting the spear head 2 .

[0046] For further optimization, in this embodiment, an elastic tension member guide wheel 144 can be provided at the strip window 1411 in the middle of the wedge block limit frame 14 to adjust the tension direction of the wedge block elastic tension member 143 to be consistent with the movement direction of the wedge block 131, and to leave space to avoid interference with the gear shift mechanism 15.

[0047] For further optimization, in this embodiment, a control cylinder locking nut 157 can be added to the threaded connection between the slider 152 and the control cylinder 156, so that the distance between the control cylinder 156 and the wedge block 131 can be adjusted during the overall assembly to ensure the normal operation of the mechanism.

[0048] As a further optimization, in this embodiment, the spear scooper 1 may be provided with a working status indicator to facilitate the operator to observe the working status of the device from the outside.

[0049] Accordingly, the present invention also provides an operating method of the above-mentioned mechanical automatic locking / releasing load spreader device, see Fig.10 , including the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: After assembling the spear catching device 1 of the mechanical automatic locking / releasing load spreader device, the gear conversion mechanism 15 is in the suspension gear 1522. At this time, the wedge block group 13 is in an expanded state under the tension of the wedge block elastic tension member 143, and its inner hole allows the lifting spear head 2 to pass through;

[0051] Step 2: lower the spear scooping device 1 so that the lifting spear head 2 is inserted into the spear scooping device 1. After the top of the lifting spear head 2 contacts the bottom of the slider 152 of the gear shifting mechanism 15 and continues to be inserted for a set distance, the lifting spear head 2 and the spear scooping device 1 cannot be further inserted due to the limit step;

[0052] Step 3: Lift the spear scoop 1, the slider 152, the control cylinder 156 and the lifting spear head 2 move downward synchronously, the control cylinder 156 touches the top surface of the wedge block 131 and drives the wedge block 131 to move downward synchronously and retract, and the gear conversion mechanism 15 switches gears. At this time, the top surface of the wedge block 131 is lower than the bottom surface of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head 2. When the slider 152 and the control cylinder 156 stop moving downward, the inner diameter of the wedge block group 13 is smaller than the outer diameter of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head 2. The lifting spear head 2 continues to move downward, and its top is separated from the slider 152. The bottom surface of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head 2 contacts the top surface of the wedge block group 13, and drives the wedge block group 13 to continue to move downward and retract synchronously. When the wedge block group 13 moves down to the lowest position, the self-locking effect of the wedge block 131 causes the wedge block group 13 to tightly bite the neck rod of the lifting spear head 2. Under the dual effects of self-locking and the load-bearing of the conical enlarged end surface, the lifting spear head 2 and the spear scooper 1 are locked and the load is transferred, completing the mechanical automatic locking operation.

[0053] Step 4: Lower the spear scooping device 1, lift the spear head 2 and move it upward. The wedge block group 13 is relieved of the stress state and moves upward synchronously with the lifting spear head 2 under the action of the wedge block elastic tension member 143, and the inner diameter of the wedge block group 13 gradually expands. When the top surface of the wedge block 131 contacts the control cylinder 156, the wedge block group 13 stops moving upward; the lifting spear head 2 continues to move upward, and when its top contacts the slider 152, it drives the slider 152 and the control cylinder 156 to move upward, so that the gear conversion mechanism 15 disengages from the lowering gear 1523, and the wedge block 131 continues to move upward with the control cylinder 156. When the upward movement of the wedge block group 13 stops, the wedge block group 13 is in an expanded state, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the conical expansion head of the lifting spear head 2. After the lifting spear head 2 drives the slider 152 and the control cylinder 156 to continue to move upward for a set distance, the lifting spear head 2 and the spear scooping device 1 cannot continue to be inserted due to the restriction of the limiting step;

[0054] Step 5: Lift the spear scoop 1, lift the spear head 2 and move it downward, drive the slider 152 and the control cylinder 156 to move downward synchronously for a set distance, and then the gear shifting mechanism 15 is shifted to the suspension gear 1522, the slider 152 and the control cylinder 156 are suspended and stop moving downward, at which time the bottom surface of the control cylinder 156 has not yet contacted the top surface of the wedge block 131. The wedge block group 13 is in an expanded state, and the spear head 2 is lifted and continues to move downward, and the spear scoop 1 can be smoothly removed, completing the mechanical automatic release operation.

[0055] According to work needs, repeat steps 2 and 3 to complete the automatic locking operation, repeat steps 4 and 5 to complete the automatic releasing operation, and lock and release alternately in a cycle.

[0056] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device, characterized in that: It includes a lifting spear head and a spear catching device; the lifting spear head has a conical enlarged head at the upper end and is connected to the load at the lower end; the spear catching device is connected to the lifting mechanism at the upper end and is provided with a circular hole for inserting the lifting spear head at the lower end; The spear scooping device is internally provided with a wedge block group, a wedge block limiting frame and a gear conversion mechanism, wherein the wedge block group is located at the lower part, the gear conversion mechanism is located at the upper part, and the wedge block limiting frame is located between the two; the wedge block group can move up and down along the wedge block limiting frame, and when the wedge block group moves to the uppermost end, it is in an expanded state, at which time its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head, and when the wedge block group moves to the lowermost end, it is in a contracted state, at which time its inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head; an elastic tension member is arranged between the wedge block limiting frame and the wedge block group, so that the wedge block group is in an expanded state without being subjected to external force; the gear conversion mechanism includes a fixed part and a movable part, and the movable part can The lifting mechanism is capable of moving up and down relative to the fixed part, so that the gear conversion mechanism switches between the two working states of the hanging gear and the lowering gear; after the lifting spear head is inserted into the spear scooping device, the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism is triggered by the top of the lifting spear head, so that it switches from the initial hanging gear to the lowering gear, thereby controlling the contraction of the wedge block group. When the wedge block group is in the contracted state, the lifting spear head is connected and locked with the load-bearing shell of the spear scooping device to transmit the lifting load; when the lifting spear head moves up and triggers the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism again, the gear conversion mechanism switches from the lowering gear to the hanging gear, and the wedge block group is in the expanded state again under the action of the elastic tension member, and the lifting spear head can be moved out of the spear scooping device to complete the load release.

2. The mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wedge block group is composed of multiple wedge blocks of the same size; the wedge block has a fan-shaped cross section and an inverted trapezoidal longitudinal section. When all the wedge blocks are coaxially closed, they are in the shape of a hollow inverted frustum, and the diameter of the inner hole is the same as the diameter of the rod body at the lower part of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spearhead; the two circumferential end faces of the wedge block are provided with track grooves, which are in a motion matching relationship with the wedge block guide rails in the wedge block limit frame to limit the movement direction of the wedge block; the upper end face of the wedge block is provided with an elastic tension piece connection mechanism for installing the elastic tension piece.

3. The mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The taper of the outer conical surface of the wedge block is determined according to the locking force and the locking / releasing working stroke design, and the reasonable range is between 20 and 40 degrees.

4. The mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wedge block limit frame includes a guide rail support frame, a wedge block guide rail and the elastic tension member; the guide rail support frame is a cylinder with a certain wall thickness; the wedge block guide rails are fixed to the lower end of the guide rail support frame, and the number is the same as the number of the wedge blocks, and each wedge block guide rail cooperates with the track grooves of two adjacent wedge blocks so that the wedge block can move up and down along the wedge block guide rail; the upper end of the elastic tension member is fixed to the upper part of the guide rail support frame, and the lower end is connected to the corresponding wedge block.

5. The mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A strip window is arranged in the middle of the guide rail support frame, the number of the strip windows is the same as the number of the wedge blocks, the strip windows and the wedge block guide rails are evenly arranged in an annular staggered manner, and the elastic tension members are arranged in corresponding strip windows.

6. The mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: An elastic tension member guide wheel is arranged at the strip window to adjust the tension direction of the elastic tension member to be consistent with the movement direction of the wedge block, and to leave space to avoid interference with the gear shifting mechanism.

7. The mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear conversion mechanism includes a slider housing, a slider, a compression spring, a bayonet arm, and a control cylinder; the slider housing is the fixed part, and the slider and the control cylinder constitute the movable part; the slider is embedded in the inner hole of the slider housing and can perform piston-like movement along the axial direction; the compression spring is arranged between the slider and the top of the spear scooper bearing shell, so that the slider always has a thrust for downward movement; the slider is provided with a plane, and a closed-loop track groove for gear conversion is arranged on the plane, and two working gears and a gear flow channel are formed in the closed-loop track groove, and the two working gears are respectively The upper end of the bayonet arm is hinged with the slider housing, and the lower end can move sequentially along the closed-loop track groove with the axial movement of the slider, and put the slider in a hanging state or a lowered state, thereby controlling the axial position of the slider; the control cylinder is fixedly installed at the lower end of the slider, and the inner diameter of the control cylinder is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head, so that the lifting spear head can enter the control cylinder and the top of the lifting spear head can contact the bottom of the slider, and at the same time, the outer diameter of the control cylinder is larger than the internal contour formed when the wedge block group is in the expanded state.

8. The mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slider housing is provided with a keyway track, and the slider is provided with a positioning piece adapted to the keyway track, and the rotation and axial movement range of the slider is limited by the positioning piece.

9. The mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spear scooping device further comprises a load-bearing upper shell and a load-bearing lower shell, wherein the load-bearing upper shell and the load-bearing lower shell are fixedly connected in a detachable manner to form an overall external frame of the spear scooping device and bear all lifting loads; a structure connected to the lifting mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the load-bearing upper shell, and a coaxial internal threaded hole which is not penetrated is arranged in the middle of the lower end for installing and fixing the gear shifting mechanism; the load-bearing lower shell is a hollow cylinder, and the inner cavity is divided into three sections according to the size of the aperture; the inner cavity of the upper section is a cylindrical surface, and its inner diameter is not less than the outer contour of the wedge block limit frame and the gear shifting mechanism, and is the installation cavity of the wedge block limit frame and the gear shifting mechanism; the inner cavity of the middle section is an inverted conical surface with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion, and is the working chamber of the wedge block group, and its surface taper is the same as the taper of the outer side surface of the wedge block group, and its height is greater than the working height of the wedge block group moving up and down; the inner cavity of the lower section is a cylindrical surface, and its inner diameter is slightly greater than the outer diameter of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head, so that the lifting spear head can smoothly enter the upper inner cavity.

10. The method for operating a mechanical automatic locking / releasing load sling device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Assemble the spear catching device of the mechanical automatic locking / releasing load spreader device, and put the gear conversion mechanism in the hanging gear. At this time, the wedge block group is in an expanded state under the tension of the elastic tension member, and its inner hole allows the lifting spear head to pass through; Step 2: lower the spear scoop device so that the lifting spear head is inserted into the spear scoop device, and the top of the lifting spear head contacts the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism so that the gear conversion mechanism is separated from the suspension gear, and after continuing to insert a set distance, the lifting spear head and the spear scoop device are restricted by the limit step at the lower part of the lifting spear head and cannot be further inserted; Step 3: lifting the spear scooping device, the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism and the lifting spear head move downward synchronously, the lower end of the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism touches the top surface of the wedge block group and drives the wedge block group to move downward and shrink synchronously, and the gear conversion mechanism switches to the lowering gear. At this time, the top surface of the wedge block group is lower than the bottom surface of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head; when the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism stops moving downward, the inner diameter of the wedge block group is smaller than the outer diameter of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head; the lifting spear head continues to move downward, and its top is separated from the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism, and the bottom surface of the cone enlarged head of the lifting spear head contacts the top surface of the wedge block group, and drives the wedge block group to continue to move downward and shrink synchronously; when the wedge block group moves down to the lowest position, the self-locking effect of the wedge block makes the wedge block group tightly bite the neck rod body of the lifting spear head, and under the dual effects of self-locking and the load bearing of the cone enlarged end surface, the lifting spear head and the spear scooping device are locked and load is transferred, completing the mechanical automatic locking operation; Step 4: lower the spear scooper, lift the spear head and move it upward, the wedge block group is relieved of the stress state and moves upward synchronously with the lifting spear head under the action of the elastic tension member of the wedge block, and the inner diameter of the wedge block group gradually expands; When the top surface of the wedge block group contacts the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism, the wedge block group stops moving upward; the lifting spear head continues to move upward, and when its top contacts the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism, it drives the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism to move upward, so that the gear conversion mechanism is separated from the lowering gear, and at this time the wedge block group continues to move upward following the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism; when the upward movement of the wedge block group stops, the wedge block group is in an expanded state, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the conical enlarged head of the lifting spear head; after the lifting spear head drives the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism to continue to move upward for a set distance, the lifting spear head and the spear scooping device cannot be inserted further due to the restriction of the position-limiting step; Step 5: lift the spear scoop and lift the spear head downward, driving the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism to move downward synchronously for a set distance, and then the gear of the gear conversion mechanism is converted to the suspension gear, and the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism stops moving downward. At this time, the bottom surface of the movable part of the gear conversion mechanism has not yet contacted the top surface of the wedge block group; the wedge block group is in an expanded state, and the spear head is lifted and continues to move downward, so that the spear scoop can be smoothly removed, completing the mechanical automatic release operation.

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