A tunnel ventilation opening structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a tunnel ventilation opening structure, comprising: a main tunnel for normal vehicle passage and layout of auxiliary facilities; a connecting passage for connecting the main tunnel with a ventilation shaft; a widened belt for air flow conversion and facilitating the turning of construction vehicles, the widened belt is arranged on the same side as the connecting passage, the contour of the connecting passage intersects with that of the widened belt, a ventilation window is provided at the arch of the main tunnel where it intersects with the axis of the connecting passage, and the inner contour of the widened belt is the same as that of the tunnel emergency stopping belt. The tunnel ventilation opening structure of the present invention has a simple structure, reasonable force, is simple and practical, convenient for construction, has high safety, and is convenient for operation and maintenance management, and can effectively solve the problem of coordinating and taking into account tunnel ventilation, construction, and operation management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and particularly to a tunnel ventilation opening structure. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of highway, railway and urban underground road construction in China, there are more and more long tunnels. When the length of the tunnel exceeds a certain scale, vertical and inclined shafts are usually required to assist the main tunnel ventilation to dilute the soot, carbon monoxide and peculiar smell in the air. The vertical and inclined shafts are connected to the main tunnel through connecting passages. Due to the large scale of the tunnel and the tight construction period, the vertical and inclined shafts (especially the inclined shafts) are usually also used as construction channels for assisting the excavation of the main tunnel. Therefore, the ventilation opening structure type at the intersection of the connecting passage and the main tunnel is not only related to the ventilation effect, but also related to the structural safety and construction convenience, and has become the focus of the design.

[0003] At present, the cross-connection type of the ventilation opening is mostly the "upper expansion type", that is, a certain height is excavated above the main tunnel in the intersection section to connect with the connecting passage, and the air is sent into the tunnel or the soot is extracted from the main tunnel. This "upper expansion type" connection method can meet the air supply and exhaust requirements of the tunnel, but there are also some deficiencies, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects:

[0004] (1) The construction is complex. It is difficult to form the intersection excavation in one go. Usually, it is necessary to first construct the "upper expansion" air vent or the main tunnel. If the "upper expansion" air vent is constructed first, the arch expansion air vent is prone to collapse during the excavation of the main tunnel; if the main tunnel is constructed first, the lining in the ventilation window range of the main tunnel arch needs to be chiseled after the "upper expansion" air vent is constructed.

[0005] (2) The construction risk is high and the structural safety is low. Due to multiple excavation interferences, the already excavated and supported structure is prone to cracking and instability; there are many straight wall structures at the intersection, which is not conducive to the structural force, and the structural safety is low.

[0006] (3) It is not conducive to the auxiliary excavation operation of the main tunnel. The scale of the extra-long tunnel is large and the construction period is tight. The vertical and inclined shafts (especially the inclined shafts) are usually also used as auxiliary construction channels for the main tunnel to assist the excavation operation of the main tunnel to speed up the construction progress. The traditional "upper expansion type" scheme has a large height difference between the connecting passage and the main tunnel road surface, making it difficult for construction vehicles to freely enter and exit the main tunnel, and thus it is difficult to be used as an auxiliary construction channel for the main tunnel.

[0007] (4) During the operation period, it is necessary to climb a straight ladder for maintenance and repair, which is not convenient for maintenance and transportation of maintenance materials.

[0008] (5) The formation applicability is poor. The traditional "upper expansion type" scheme has many straight wall structures and large heights. If the excavation and support are not timely, it is easy to cause the surrounding rock to become unstable, and it has high requirements for the tunnel surrounding rock conditions. It is usually used in better surrounding rock sections above grade IV. If the surrounding rock is soft rock of grades IV and V, the construction risk is extremely high.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new tunnel passage structure to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel ventilation opening structure.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a tunnel ventilation opening structure is provided, including:

[0012] The main tunnel for normal vehicle passage and the layout of auxiliary facilities;

[0013] The connecting passage for connecting the main tunnel and the ventilation shaft;

[0014] The widened belt for air flow conversion and facilitating the turning of construction vehicles. The widened belt is arranged on the same side as the connecting passage, and the outline of the connecting passage intersects with that of the widened belt. A ventilation window is opened at the arch of the main tunnel where the axis of the connecting passage intersects. The inner contour of the widened belt is the same as that of the tunnel emergency parking belt.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross-sectional size of the connecting passage and the length of the widened belt are determined according to the ventilation area and construction requirements.

[0016] Furthermore, along the length direction of the widened belt, when the ventilation opening structure is used for smoke exhaust, the connecting passage is arranged at the middle position of the widened belt; when the ventilation opening structure is used for air supply, the connecting passage is arranged at the end position in the reverse driving direction of the widened belt.

[0017] Furthermore, when the ventilation opening structure is used for smoke exhaust, the plane intersection angle between the connecting passage and the widened belt is 90 degrees orthogonal; when the ventilation opening structure is used for air supply, the plane intersection angle between the connecting passage and the widened belt is nearly orthogonal at 70 - 90 degrees.

[0018] Furthermore, when the connecting passage also serves as an auxiliary main tunnel construction passage, the designed elevation of the road surface at the intersection of the connecting passage and the main tunnel is the same as the road surface elevation of the main tunnel; when the connecting passage only serves as a ventilation passage, the designed elevation of the road surface at the intersection of the connecting passage and the main tunnel is the same as the top elevation of the inspection road of the main tunnel.

[0019] Furthermore, when the ventilation opening structure is used for smoke exhaust, the distance from the bottom of the ventilation window to the top of the building limit is not less than 20 cm. From the top of the ventilation window to the arch top of the main tunnel, the width of the ventilation window is calculated and determined according to the ventilation area.

[0020] Further, a circumferential rib is arranged along the tunnel circumference inside the ventilation window. The width of the circumferential rib is determined according to the requirements of force and structure, and the thickness of the circumferential rib is the same as that of the lining of the main tunnel.

[0021] Further, when the ventilation opening structure is used for air supply, an air duct plate is provided at the bottom of the ventilation window. The length of the ventilation window in the direction of the tunnel axis is equal to the length of the widened belt. The distance from the bottom of the air duct plate to the top of the building clearance is not less than 20 cm. A plug wall for closing is provided at the end of the air duct plate in the reverse driving direction, and the end position of the air duct plate in the air outlet direction is configured to be adjusted according to the ventilation area requirement.

[0022] Further, both the widened belt and the connecting passage adopt a composite lining structure, and the main tunnel of the tunnel adopts a reinforced concrete integral lining structure on the side of the connecting passage.

[0023] Further, a maintenance door opening is provided in the side wall part where the axis of the main tunnel intersects with the connecting passage; the maintenance door opening adopts the cross-section of a pedestrian cross-passage, and a normally closed rolling shutter door is provided at the maintenance door opening.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The tunnel ventilation opening structure of the present invention adopts a "side-expansion type", and the connecting passage and the widened belt are cross-connected on the side. The structure design is reasonable, simple and practical, convenient for construction, high in safety, and convenient for operation and maintenance management, and can effectively solve the problem of coordinating and taking into account tunnel ventilation, construction and operation management.

[0026] 2. The tunnel ventilation opening structure of the present invention has the inner contour of the ventilation opening section set to be the same as that of the normal section of the main tunnel, which is not only coordinated and unified, but also convenient for the continuous arrangement of facilities such as lighting and traffic guidance.

[0027] 3. The tunnel ventilation opening structure of the present invention, since the cross-section of the widened belt is the same as that of the tunnel emergency stopping belt, the lining trolley and formwork of the emergency stopping belt can be utilized, so that the construction measure cost does not need to be additionally increased.

[0028] 4. The tunnel ventilation opening structure of the present invention, the widened belt adopts a curved wall cross-section, the construction process and method are mature, which is beneficial to the stability of the surrounding rock and the force of the structure, and has a wide range of formation applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] By reading the detailed description of the non-restrictive embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic elevation view of the structure of the tunnel ventilation opening when used for smoke exhaust in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the schematic diagram of the corresponding I-I cross-section;

[0032] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the schematic diagram of the corresponding II-II cross-section;

[0033] Figure 4 is Figure 1 the schematic diagram of the corresponding Ⅲ-Ⅲ cross-section;

[0034] Figure 5 is the schematic elevation view of the tunnel ventilation opening structure in the embodiment of the present invention when used for air supply;

[0035] Figure 6 is Figure 5 the schematic diagram of the corresponding I-I cross-section;

[0036] Figure 7 is Figure 5 the schematic diagram of the corresponding II-II cross-section;

[0037] Figure 8 is Figure 5 the schematic diagram of the corresponding Ⅲ-Ⅲ cross-section;

[0038] In the figure: 1 is the primary support of the connection passage, 2 is the secondary lining of the connection passage, 3 is the primary support of the widened section, 4 is the secondary lining of the widened section, 5 is the primary support of the normal section, 6 is the secondary lining of the normal section, 7 is the reinforced concrete lining of the main tunnel of the ventilation opening, 8 is the ventilation window, 9 is the inspection door opening, 10 is the circumferential rib, 11 is the main tunnel of the tunnel, 12 is the widened section, 13 is the connection passage, 14 is the air duct plate, 15 is the plug wall, A represents the building limit, B represents the center line of the main tunnel of the tunnel, C represents the center line of the widened section, D represents the center line of the connection passage, L1 represents the length of the widened section, L2 represents the length of the air duct plate, Hs represents the designed elevation of the road surface, δ represents the distance from the bottom of the ventilation window to the top of the building limit, b1 represents the width of the ventilation window, b2 represents the width of the circumferential rib, and b3 represents the distance from the end position of the air duct plate to the end of the widened section. Specific embodiments

[0039] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] To solve the deficiencies of traditional ventilation opening types, the embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel ventilation opening structure, which has a cross-connection type of tunnel ventilation opening. Refer to Figures 1-8As shown in the figure, the tunnel ventilation opening structure includes: a main tunnel 11 for normal vehicle passage and layout of auxiliary facilities; a connecting passage 13 for connecting the main tunnel 11 with a ventilation shaft; a widened section 12 for air flow conversion and facilitating the turning of construction vehicles. The widened section 12 is arranged on the same side as the connecting passage 13, and the contour of the connecting passage 13 intersects with that of the widened section 12. A ventilation window 8 is provided at the arch of the main tunnel 11 where the axis of the connecting passage 13 intersects. The inner contour of the widened section 12 is the same as that of the emergency parking bay in the tunnel. Compared with the "upward expansion" type ventilation opening structure in the prior art, the tunnel ventilation structure with the side cross-connection type of the connecting passage and the widened section in this embodiment has a simple structure, convenient construction, high safety, is convenient for operation and maintenance management, and can effectively solve the problem of coordinating and taking into account tunnel ventilation, construction, and operation management.

[0041] In this embodiment, since the cross-section of the widened section is the same as that of the emergency parking bay in the tunnel, the lining trolley and formwork of the emergency parking bay can be utilized, thus eliminating the need to additionally increase the construction measure cost. Moreover, the large cross-section of the widened section is conducive to the turning of the auxiliary main tunnel excavation vehicles during construction. The length L1 of the widened section can be flexibly adjusted according to the ventilation area requirements, and can be specifically determined according to the calculated ventilation volume and construction needs. The widened section adopts a curved wall cross-section, with mature construction techniques and methods, which is conducive to the stability of the surrounding rock and the force-bearing of the structure, and has a wide range of formation applicability.

[0042] In some preferred embodiments, along the length direction of the widened section 12, when the ventilation opening structure is used for smoke exhaust, the connecting passage 13 is arranged at the middle position of the widened section 12; when the ventilation opening structure is used for air supply, the connecting passage 13 is arranged at the end position in the reverse driving direction of the widened section 12. The length of the widened section 12 and the cross-section size of the connecting passage 13 are determined according to the ventilation volume and construction needs.

[0043] To be conducive to the force-bearing of the structure, convenient construction, and smooth ventilation, the axial cross intersection angle between the connecting passage 13 and the widened section 12 can be flexibly adjusted. In some preferred embodiments, when the ventilation opening structure is used for smoke exhaust, the plane intersection angle between the connecting passage 13 and the widened section 12 is 90 degrees orthogonal; when the ventilation opening structure is used for air supply, the plane intersection angle between the connecting passage 13 and the widened section 12 is 70 - 90 degrees nearly orthogonal.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, when the connecting passage 13 also serves as an auxiliary construction passage for the main tunnel 11, to facilitate the transportation and passage of construction vehicles, the designed pavement elevation Hs at the intersection of the connecting passage 13 and the main tunnel 11 is the same as the pavement elevation of the main tunnel 11; when the connecting passage 13 only serves as a ventilation passage, to facilitate the maintenance personnel to carry out inspections and passages, the designed pavement elevation at the intersection of the connecting passage 13 and the main tunnel 11 is the same as the top elevation of the inspection road in the main tunnel 11.

[0045] In some preferred embodiments, when the ventilation opening structure is used for smoke exhaust, the distance δ from the bottom of the ventilation window 8 to the top of the building limit is not less than 20 cm to ensure that no accessory facilities intrude into the building limit and there is a certain margin. From the top of the ventilation window 8 to the vault of the main tunnel 11 to increase the air passing area of the ventilation window. The width b1 of the ventilation window 8 is determined according to the ventilation area. In some preferred embodiments, the width of the ventilation window 8 is 200 cm.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments, for structural stress requirements, a circumferential rib 10 is arranged along the tunnel circumference inside the ventilation window 8. The width of the circumferential rib 10 is determined according to stress and construction requirements. To reduce the impact on the ventilation area, the width b2 of the circumferential rib 10 should be as small as possible. In some preferred embodiments, the width is taken as 40 cm, and the thickness of the circumferential rib 10 is the same as the thickness of the lining of the main tunnel.

[0047] In some preferred embodiments, when the ventilation opening structure is used for air supply, in order to make the air flow in the vehicle driving direction, an air duct plate 14 is arranged at the bottom of the ventilation window 8. The total length of the ventilation window 8 along the tunnel axis direction is equal to the length L1 of the widened belt. The distance from the bottom of the air duct plate 14 to the top of the building limit is not less than 20 cm. A plug wall 15 for closing is arranged at the end of the widened belt in the reverse driving direction of the air duct plate 14. The end position of the air duct plate 14 in the air outlet direction, that is, the length L2 of the air duct plate, is constructed to be adjusted according to the ventilation area requirement. In some preferred embodiments, the distance b3 from the end position of the air outlet end of the air duct plate 14 to the end of the widened belt is 100 - 300 cm, and the length L2 of the air duct plate is 100 - 300 cm smaller than the length L1 of the widened belt to provide sufficient air passing area.

[0048] To ensure the stability and safety during tunnel construction and operation, in some specific embodiments, both the connection passage 13 and the widened belt 12 adopt a composite lining structure composed of primary support and secondary lining, that is, the connection passage 13 adopts a composite lining structure composed of the connection passage primary support 1 and the connection passage secondary lining 2, the widened belt 12 adopts a composite lining structure composed of the widened belt primary support 3 and the widened belt secondary lining 4, the normal section of the main tunnel adopts a composite lining structure composed of the normal section primary support 5 and the normal section secondary lining 6, and the main tunnel 11 of the ventilation opening section adopts the ventilation opening main tunnel reinforced concrete lining 7, which is the same as the integral reinforced concrete lining structure of the main tunnel secondary lining in the normal section.

[0049] To facilitate the maintenance personnel to carry out maintenance access and transport materials, in some preferred embodiments, a maintenance door opening 9 is provided at the side wall part where the axis of the main tunnel 11 intersects with the connection passage 13. The section of the maintenance door opening 9 adopts the section of a pedestrian cross-tunnel. The bottom of the maintenance door opening 9 is flush with the top surface of the maintenance road. A normally closed rolling gate is arranged for the maintenance door opening 9 and is temporarily opened when there is a need for maintenance.

[0050] In the tunnel ventilation opening structure in the embodiments of the present invention, a cross-connection type in which a connecting passage intersects with the side of a widened belt is adopted. The structure design is reasonable, simple and practical, convenient for construction, with high safety, and convenient for operation and maintenance management, and can effectively solve the problem of coordinating and taking into account tunnel ventilation, construction and operation management. Moreover, the inner contour of the main tunnel in the ventilation opening section is the same as that of the main tunnel in the normal section, which is not only coordinated and unified, but also convenient for continuous arrangement of facilities such as lighting and traffic guidance. In addition, since the cross-section of the widened belt is the same as that of the emergency parking belt of the tunnel, the lining trolley and formwork of the emergency parking belt can be used, so that the construction measure cost does not need to be additionally increased.

[0051] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various deformations or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. The above preferred features can be arbitrarily combined and used without conflict.

Claims

1. A tunnel ventilation opening structure, characterized in that, Including: The main tunnel, which is used for normal vehicle passage and the layout of auxiliary facilities; The connecting passage, which is used to connect the main tunnel with the ventilation shaft; The widened belt, which is used for air flow conversion and facilitating the turning of construction vehicles. The widened belt is arranged on the same side as the connecting passage, and the contour of the connecting passage intersects with that of the widened belt. A ventilation window is opened at the arch of the main tunnel where the axis of the connecting passage intersects. The inner contour of the widened belt is the same as that of the emergency parking belt of the tunnel; Along the length direction of the widened belt, when the ventilation opening structure is used for smoke exhaust, the connecting passage is arranged at the middle position of the widened belt; the plane intersection angle between the connecting passage and the widened belt is 90 degrees; the distance from the bottom of the ventilation window to the top of the building clearance is not less than 20 cm; when the ventilation opening structure is used for air supply, the connecting passage is arranged at the end position in the reverse driving direction of the widened belt, and the plane intersection angle between the connecting passage and the widened belt is 70 - 90 degrees; a duct board is provided at the bottom of the ventilation window, the length of the ventilation window along the tunnel axis direction is equal to the length of the widened belt, and the distance from the bottom of the duct board to the top of the building clearance is not less than 20 cm; When the connecting passage also serves as an auxiliary main tunnel construction passage, the designed elevation of the road surface at the intersection of the connecting passage and the main tunnel is the same as the road surface elevation of the main tunnel; when the connecting passage only serves as a ventilation passage, the designed elevation of the road surface at the intersection of the connecting passage and the main tunnel is the same as the top elevation of the inspection road of the main tunnel.

2. The tunnel ventilation opening structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Circumferential ribs are arranged along the tunnel circumferential direction inside the ventilation window. The width of the circumferential ribs is determined according to the requirements of force and structure, and the thickness of the circumferential ribs is the same as the thickness of the lining of the main tunnel.

3. The tunnel ventilation opening structure according to claim 1, characterized in that Both the widened belt and the connecting passage adopt a composite lining structure, and the main tunnel adopts a reinforced concrete integral lining structure on the side of the connecting passage.

4. The tunnel ventilation opening structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, An inspection door opening is opened at the side wall of the main tunnel where the axis of the connecting passage intersects; the inspection door opening adopts the cross-section of a pedestrian cross-tunnel, and a normally closed rolling shutter door is provided at the inspection door opening.

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