A General Experimental Bench and Experimental Method for High-Temperature Heat Pipe Startup and Flow Heat Transfer

Abstract

The present invention discloses a general experimental bench and experimental method for the startup, flow and heat transfer of high-temperature heat pipes. The experimental bench includes a main experimental loop, a cooling loop, and temperature and pressure measurement points. The experimental method includes: S1: Before the experiment starts, it is necessary to check the opening and closing conditions of each valve of the entire experimental bench to ensure the smoothness of the main path and the bypass; S2: Before the experiment starts, it is necessary to detect leaks in the entire experimental bench to ensure no leakage under high pressure. The experimental bench uses the method of filling deionized water to pressurize and detect leaks; S3: Start the plunger pump, adjust the pressure of the back pressure valve to 20 MPa, and observe whether there are any leak points; S4: After ensuring no leak points, start the water chiller, DC power supply and AC power supply; S5: Adjust the pressure, flow rate and inlet temperature of the experimental section in the main experimental loop to the required values; S6: Adjust the heating power of the experimental section to the required value. The experimental bench of the present invention has the characteristics of wide range and multiple architectures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactor thermal-hydraulic experiments, and particularly relates to a general experimental bench and experimental method for the start-up and flow heat transfer of high-temperature heat pipes. Background Art

[0002] A heat pipe is a passive energy transfer device. The liquid working medium undergoes a phase change to become a gas when heated in the evaporation section. Under the pressure difference between the evaporation section and the condensation section, the gaseous working medium flows from the evaporation section to the condensation section in the steam channel, and condenses into a liquid in the condensation section, and then flows back to the evaporation section under the capillary force of the wick. The heat transfer capacity of high-temperature alkali metal heat pipes is very strong. Combining its passive characteristics, when applied to a small nuclear reactor, the evaporation section of the high-temperature heat pipe is embedded in the reactor core, and the condensation section is connected to the energy conversion device, which can efficiently export the heat of the reactor core without a primary loop circulation, simplifying the system.

[0003] The working medium of the high-temperature alkali metal heat pipe is solid at ambient temperature. The working medium gradually melts in the wick as the heating power increases. As the heating power continues to increase, the temperature of the evaporation section rises, and the working medium vaporizes in the wick and enters the steam channel. The prerequisite for the successful start-up of a high-temperature alkali metal heat pipe is that the working medium can successfully establish a passive circulation between the evaporation section and the condensation section. The working medium mainly relies on the pressure difference generated by the temperature difference between the hot and cold sections to drive from the evaporation section to the condensation section in the steam channel, and mainly relies on capillary force from the condensation section to the evaporation section in the wick. When operating on the surface of a planet, both of these forces will be affected by gravity. Therefore, it is necessary to study the start-up characteristics of high-temperature heat pipes at different inclination angles. In addition, since the heat pipe itself is a slender metal hard pipe, the heat pipe wall is generally designed to be thin. Considering thermal stress and pressure-bearing capacity, when the heat pipe in the condensation section contacts the working medium of the energy conversion device, a pressure-bearing layer is usually sleeved on the surface, and the heat transfer method is mainly cross-flow over rod bundles. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the flow heat transfer characteristics of high-temperature heat pipes.

[0004] Existing high-temperature heat pipe experimental benches often have poor versatility. When designing the experimental bench, only a specific form of the experimental section is used to match other pipelines such as the preheating section, and the versatility is poor. When replacing the experimental section with other forms, the bench often cannot match it. In addition, the parameters of the experimental bench are low and cannot meet the stable operation under a wide range of working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems and meet the experimental requirements, the object of the present invention is to provide a general experimental bench and experimental method for the start-up and flow heat transfer of high-temperature heat pipes. The experimental bench of the present invention has the characteristics of high parameters, wide range and multiple architectures. High parameters mean that the maximum experimental pressure can reach 20 MPa, the maximum temperature of the evaporation section can reach 1000 °C, and the flow rate and heating power can meet the experimental requirements of 3×3 rod bundles at most; wide range means that the experimental temperature can cover from low temperature to relatively high temperature, the experimental pressure can cover from atmospheric pressure to 20 MPa, and the experimental flow rate can range from small flow rate to relatively large flow rate; multiple architectures mean that cold start experiments of single heat pipes and multiple heat pipes can be carried out, flow heat transfer experiments of single heat pipes and multiple heat pipes can be carried out, and passive residual heat removal verification experiments of single heat pipes and multiple heat pipes can also be carried out. A large number of temperature and pressure measurement points are arranged on the experimental bench, which can deeply study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of high-temperature heat pipes.

[0006] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A general experimental bench for the start-up and flow heat transfer of high-temperature heat pipes, including a main experimental loop, a cooling loop, and temperature and pressure measurement points;

[0008] The main experimental loop includes a deionized water tank. The outlet of the deionized water tank is sequentially connected to the inlet of the first three-way through a filter and a high-pressure piston pump, the first outlet of the first three-way is connected to the inlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter, the inlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter is connected to the inlet of the mass flowmeter, the outlet of the mass flowmeter is connected to the outlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter, the outlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter is connected to the inlet of the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section, the outlet of the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section is connected to the inlet of the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section, the outlet of the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section is connected to the inlet of the second three-way, the first outlet of the second three-way is connected to the inlet of the single-rod experimental section, and the outlet of the single-rod experimental section is connected to the third three-way; the second outlet of the second three-way is connected to the inlet of the rod bundle experimental section, and the outlet of the rod bundle experimental section is connected to the fourth three-way; the first outlet of the first three-way is connected to the third three-way, the third three-way is connected to the fourth three-way, the fourth three-way is connected to the inlet of the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section, and the outlet of the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section is connected to the deionized water tank;

[0009] The cooling loop includes a first water chiller arranged in parallel with the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section and a second water chiller arranged in parallel with the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section;

[0010] Multiple temperature and pressure measurement points are arranged on the experimental bench, and the data acquisition system can be used to monitor and record each important position of the experimental bench in real time.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that a first temperature measuring point is arranged in the deionized water tank; a first pressure measuring point is arranged between the outlet of the pressure plunger pump and the first three-way valve; a second temperature measuring point is arranged at the inlet of the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section, and a third temperature measuring point is arranged at the outlet of the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section; a fourth temperature measuring point is arranged at the inlet of the first water cooler, and a fifth temperature measuring point is arranged at the outlet of the first water cooler; a sixth temperature measuring point is arranged at the outlet of the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section; a seventh temperature measuring point and a second pressure measuring point are arranged at the inlet of the single-rod experimental section, an eighth temperature measuring point and a third pressure measuring point are arranged at the outlet of the single-rod experimental section; a ninth temperature measuring point and a fourth pressure measuring point are arranged at the inlet of the rod bundle experimental section, a tenth temperature measuring point and a fifth pressure measuring point are arranged at the outlet of the rod bundle experimental section; an eleventh temperature measuring point is arranged at the inlet of the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section, a twelfth temperature measuring point and a sixth pressure measuring point are arranged at the outlet of the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section; a thirteenth temperature measuring point is arranged at the inlet of the second water cooler, and a fourteenth temperature measuring point is arranged at the outlet of the second water cooler.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that the pipelines between the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section and the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section, and the pipelines between the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section and the outlets of the single-rod experimental section and the rod bundle experimental section are wrapped with heat-insulating cotton made of glass fiber to control the inlet temperature of the experimental section.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that the main experimental loop uses deionized water as the working medium.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that the cooling loop uses water as the working medium.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that the deionized water tank of the main experimental loop is placed one meter above the inlet of the plunger pump.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention lies in that a ball valve is arranged at the inlet of the filter, a high-pressure one-way valve is arranged at the outlet of the high-pressure plunger pump, a safety valve is arranged at the outlet of the high-pressure one-way valve, a main road stop valve is arranged at the first outlet of the first three-way valve, a single-rod experimental section inlet regulating valve is arranged at the inlet of the single-rod experimental section, a single-rod experimental section outlet stop valve is arranged at the outlet of the single-rod experimental section, a rod bundle experimental section inlet regulating valve is arranged at the inlet of the rod bundle experimental section, a rod bundle experimental section outlet stop valve is arranged at the outlet of the rod bundle experimental section, a bypass regulating valve is arranged in the bypass, a back pressure valve is arranged at the outlet of the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged at the outlet of the back pressure valve.

[0017] An experimental method for a high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer general experimental bench includes the following steps:

[0018] S1: Before the experiment starts, it is necessary to check the opening and closing conditions of each valve of the entire experimental bench to ensure the smoothness of the main road and the bypass;

[0019] S2: Before the experiment starts, the entire experimental bench needs to be leak-tested to ensure no leakage under high pressure. The experimental bench is pressurized and leak-tested by filling deionized water.

[0020] S3: Start the plunger pump, adjust the back pressure valve pressure to 20 MPa, and observe whether there are any leakage points.

[0021] S4: After ensuring no leakage points, start the second water cooler, DC power supply, and AC power supply.

[0022] S5: Adjust the pressure, flow rate, and inlet temperature of the main experimental loop to the required values.

[0023] S6: Adjust the heating power of the experimental section to the required value.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, a general experimental bench and experimental method for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] (1) The maximum pressure of the experimental bench is 20 MPa, and the back pressure valve can easily adjust the pressure of the experimental section, covering the pressure range from low pressure to 20 MPa.

[0026] (2) The inlet of the experimental section is equipped with a pre-cooler and a pre-heater, and the working fluid temperature at the inlet of the experimental section can be adjusted between 5°C and 100°C according to the experimental needs.

[0027] (3) The experimental section includes two types of experimental sections: single rod and rod bundle. The experiment to be carried out can be switched as required by simply changing the switch state of the regulating valve. The switching operation is simple and the system reliability is high.

[0028] (4) The vertical angle of the experimental section is adjustable, and cold start experiments of single rod and rod bundle of high-temperature heat pipes at different angles can be carried out.

[0029] (5) The experimental bench is equipped with multiple temperature and pressure measurement points, and the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the high-temperature heat pipe can be studied in depth, such as the heat transfer characteristics of the working fluid flowing across the high-temperature heat pipe and the pressure drop experiment of the working fluid flowing across the rod bundle of the high-temperature heat pipe.

[0030] In summary, the present invention realizes an experimental system that can carry out high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer experiments with high parameters, wide range, and multiple architectures with one experimental bench, overcomes the deficiencies of the traditional high-temperature heat pipe experimental device with a small working condition range and a single experimental section, and provides new technical support for the experimental research on high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer under complex conditions, having important engineering practical value. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a general experimental bench for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer of the present invention.

[0032] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0033] Deionized water tank 1, ball valve 2, filter 3, high-pressure plunger pump 4, high-pressure check valve 5, safety valve 6, main circuit stop valve 7, mass flowmeter 8, pre-cooler at the inlet of the test section 9, first water chiller 10, pre-heater at the inlet of the test section 11, regulating valve at the inlet of the single-rod test section 12, single-rod test section 13, stop valve at the outlet of the single-rod test section 14, regulating valve at the inlet of the rod bundle test section 15, rod bundle test section 16, stop valve at the outlet of the rod bundle test section 17, bypass regulating valve 18, second water chiller 19, cooler at the outlet of the test section 20, back pressure valve 21, pressure reducing valve 22, first three-way joint S1, second three-way joint S2, third three-way joint S3, fourth three-way joint S4;

[0034] First pressure measurement point P1, second pressure measurement point P2, third pressure measurement point P3, fourth pressure measurement point P4, fifth pressure measurement point P5, sixth pressure measurement point P6; temperature measurement point T1, second temperature measurement point T2, third temperature measurement point T3, fourth temperature measurement point T4, fifth temperature measurement point T5, sixth temperature measurement point T6, seventh temperature measurement point T7, eighth temperature measurement point T8, ninth temperature measurement point T9, tenth temperature measurement point T10, eleventh temperature measurement point T11, twelfth temperature measurement point T12, thirteenth temperature measurement point T13, fourteenth temperature measurement point T14. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The technical solution of the general experimental bench for the start-up and flow heat transfer of high-temperature heat pipes will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a general experimental bench for the start-up and flow heat transfer of high-temperature heat pipes, including a main experimental loop, a cooling loop, and an externally connected data acquisition system and control system. The main experimental loop uses deionized water as the working medium, and the cooling loop uses water as the working medium.

[0037] The deionized water tank 1 of the main experimental loop is placed one meter above the inlet of the high-pressure plunger pump 4. The first temperature measuring point T1 is arranged at the bottom of the deionized water tank 1. A ball valve 2 is arranged at the outlet of the deionized water tank 1 to facilitate the replacement of the filter element and the maintenance of the high-pressure plunger pump. A filter 3 is arranged below the ball valve 2, and the function of the filter 3 is to filter out the solid impurities in the loop. The filter 3 is arranged upstream of the high-pressure plunger pump 4 to ensure that the working medium entering the pump is clean and pure. The outlet pressure of the high-pressure plunger pump 4 is up to 20 MPa at most. A high-pressure check valve 5 is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure plunger pump to prevent the reverse flow of the loop caused by the failure of the plunger pump. A safety valve 6 is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure check valve 5 to prevent the overpressure of the loop caused by the incorrect opening and closing state of the valve. A dial pressure gauge is installed through a pressure guiding pipe between the safety valve 6 and the first three-way S1, and the first pressure measuring point P1 is arranged to assist in monitoring the loop pressure. The second outlet of the first three-way S1 is connected to a bypass regulating valve 18 for assisting in regulating the flow rate of the experimental section. The outlet of the bypass regulating valve 18 is connected to the first inlet of the third three-way S3. The first outlet of the first three-way S1 is connected to the inlet of the main road stop valve 7 to facilitate the maintenance and leakage point detection. The outlet of the main road stop valve 7 is connected to the inlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter, the inlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter is connected to the inlet of the mass flowmeter 8, the outlet of the mass flowmeter 8 is connected to the outlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter, and the outlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter is connected to the inlet of the pre-cooler 9 at the inlet of the experimental section. The second temperature measuring point T2 is arranged at the inlet of the pre-cooler 9 at the inlet of the experimental section, and the third temperature measuring point T3 is arranged at the outlet, which are used to monitor the inlet and outlet temperatures of the pre-cooler 9 at the inlet of the experimental section and assist in controlling the inlet temperature of the experimental section. The first water chiller 10 is arranged in parallel with the pre-cooler 9 at the inlet of the experimental section to provide a cold source for the pre-cooler 9 at the inlet of the experimental section, and the fourth temperature measuring point T4 and the fifth temperature measuring point T5 are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the first water chiller 10 to monitor the inlet and outlet temperatures of the first water chiller 10 and assist in judging the working state of the first water chiller 10. The outlet of the pre-cooler 9 at the inlet of the experimental section is connected to the inlet of the pre-heater 11 at the inlet of the experimental section, and the sixth temperature measuring point T6 is arranged at the outlet of the pre-heater 11 at the inlet of the experimental section. Together with the third temperature measuring point T3, they are used to monitor the inlet and outlet temperatures of the pre-heater 11 at the inlet of the experimental section and assist in controlling the inlet temperature of the experimental section. The outlet of the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section is connected to the inlet of the second three-way S2. The first outlet of the second three-way S2 is connected to the single-rod experiment inlet regulating valve 12. When conducting a single-rod experiment, the rod bundle inlet regulating valve 15 is closed, and the inlet flow rate of the single-rod experimental section 13 is regulated through the single-rod experiment section inlet regulating valve 12 and the bypass regulating valve 18. The outlet of the single-rod experiment inlet regulating valve 12 is connected to the single-rod experimental section 13, and the seventh temperature measuring point T7 and the second pressure measuring point P2 are arranged to monitor the temperature and pressure at the inlet of the single-rod experimental section 13. The eighth temperature measuring point T8 and the third pressure measuring point P3 are arranged at the outlet of the single-rod experimental section 13 to monitor the temperature and pressure at the outlet of the single-rod experimental section 13.The outlet of the single-rod test section 13 is connected to the single-rod test section outlet stop valve 14, which is convenient for the maintenance and debugging of the single-rod test section. The single-rod test section outlet stop valve 14 is connected to the second inlet of the third tee S3. The second outlet of the second tee S2 is connected to the rod bundle test inlet regulating valve 15. When conducting the rod bundle test, the single-rod inlet regulating valve 12 is closed, and the inlet flow rate of the rod bundle test section 16 is adjusted through the rod bundle test section inlet regulating valve 15 and the bypass regulating valve 18. The outlet of the rod bundle test inlet regulating valve 15 is connected to the rod bundle test section 16, and the ninth temperature measuring point T9 and the fourth pressure measuring point P4 are arranged to monitor the temperature and pressure at the inlet of the rod bundle test section 16. The tenth temperature measuring point T10 and the fifth pressure measuring point P5 are arranged at the outlet of the rod bundle test section 16 to monitor the temperature and pressure at the outlet of the single-rod test section 16. The outlet of the rod bundle test section 16 is connected to the rod bundle test section outlet stop valve 17, which is convenient for the maintenance and debugging of the rod bundle test section. The rod bundle test section outlet stop valve 17 is connected to the second inlet of the fourth tee S4. The outlet of the third tee S3 is connected to the first inlet of the fourth tee S4. The outlet of the fourth tee S4 is connected to the inlet of the test section outlet cooler 20. The eleventh temperature measuring point T11 is arranged at the inlet of the test section outlet cooler 20, and the twelfth temperature measuring point T12 is arranged at the outlet to monitor the inlet and outlet temperatures of the test section outlet cooler 20 and the temperature of the working medium after cooling at the outlet of the test section. The second water chiller 19 is arranged in parallel with the test section outlet cooler 20 to provide a cold source for the test section outlet cooler. The thirteenth temperature measuring point T13 and the fourteenth temperature measuring point T14 are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the second water chiller 19 to monitor the inlet and outlet temperatures of the second water chiller 19 and assist in judging the working state of the second water chiller 19. The outlet of the test section outlet cooler 20 is connected to the inlet of the back pressure valve 21, and the sixth pressure measuring point P6 is arranged to monitor the pressure in front of the back pressure valve 21. The outlet of the back pressure valve 21 is connected to the inlet of the pressure reducing valve 22. The main function of the pressure reducing valve 22 is to share the pressure drop at the outlet of the back pressure valve 21, extend the service life of the back pressure valve 21, and reduce the failure rate.

[0038] The pipeline surface between the inlet of the test section inlet pre-cooler 9 and the outlets of the single-rod test section 13 and the rod bundle test section 16 is wrapped with fiberglass insulation cotton. The thickness of the fiberglass insulation cotton is not less than 100 mm. The insulation cotton is tied and fixed with tie straps to completely wrap the heating surface, ensuring that the test section inlet pre-cooler 9, the test section inlet pre-heater 11, the single-rod test section 13, and the rod bundle test section 16 meet the requirements of thermal balance.

[0039] The present invention also provides an experimental method for the above-mentioned high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer general experimental bench, including the following steps:

[0040] S1: Before the experiment starts, check the opening and closing conditions of all valves on the entire experimental bench. Open the ball valve 2, the main road stop valve 7, the inlet regulating valve 12 of the single-rod experimental section, the outlet stop valve 14 of the single-rod experimental section, the inlet regulating valve 15 of the rod bundle experimental section, the outlet stop valve 17 of the rod bundle experimental section, the bypass regulating valve 18, the back pressure valve 21, and the pressure reducing valve 22 to ensure the smoothness of the main road and the bypass;

[0041] S2: Before the experiment starts, leak detection should be carried out on the entire experimental bench to ensure no leakage under high pressure. The experimental bench is pressurized and leak-detected by filling deionized water;

[0042] S3: Start the plunger pump, adjust the pressure of the back pressure valve to 20 MPa, and observe whether there are any leakage points;

[0043] S4: After ensuring no leakage points, start the second water cooler 19, the DC power supply, and the AC power supply;

[0044] S5: Compare the inlet temperature of the experimental section required for the experimental conditions with the temperature of the second temperature measurement point T2. If the required inlet temperature of the experimental section is lower than T2, turn on the first water cooler 10 and turn off the inlet preheater 11 of the experimental section; if the required inlet temperature of the experimental section is higher than T2, turn off the first water cooler 10 and turn on the inlet preheater 11 of the experimental section.

[0045] S6: If a single-rod experiment is to be carried out, close the inlet regulating valve 15 of the rod bundle experimental section and the outlet stop valve 17 of the rod bundle experimental section; if a rod bundle experiment is to be carried out, close the inlet regulating valve 12 of the single-rod experimental section and the outlet stop valve 14 of the single-rod experimental section;

[0046] S7: Adjust the constant pressure value of the back pressure valve 21 to the pressure required for the experiment;

[0047] S8: Adjust the bypass regulating valve 18 and the inlet regulating valve of the enabled experimental section to make the flow rate of the experimental section reach the flow rate required for the experiment;

[0048] S9: Adjust the outlet temperature of the first water cooler 10 or the heating power of the inlet preheater 11 of the experimental section to make the inlet temperature of the experimental section reach the temperature required for the experiment;

[0049] S10: Adjust the heating power of the experimental section to the power required for the experiment.

[0050] Example

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, an experimental system is realized on an experimental bench, which can conduct high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer experiments with high parameters, wide range, and multiple architectures. It can quickly simulate the heat pipe startup characteristics and passive residual heat removal characteristics of an unmanned underwater vehicle using a high-temperature heat pipe reactor under different pressure conditions, different temperature conditions, and different operating postures in deep sea or shallow sea. It overcomes the deficiencies of the traditional high-temperature heat pipe experimental device with a small working condition range and a single experimental section, providing new technical support for the experimental research on high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer under complex conditions.

[0052] As described above, it is only a specific example of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A general experimental bench for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer, characterized in that, It includes a main experimental loop, a cooling loop, and temperature and pressure measurement points; The main experimental loop includes a deionized water tank. The outlet of the deionized water tank is sequentially connected to the inlet of a first three-way via a filter and a high-pressure plunger pump. The first outlet of the first three-way is connected to the inlet stabilizing section of a mass flowmeter. The inlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter is connected to the inlet of the mass flowmeter. The outlet of the mass flowmeter is connected to the outlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter. The outlet stabilizing section of the mass flowmeter is connected to the inlet of the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section. The outlet of the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section is connected to the inlet of the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section. The outlet of the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section is connected to the inlet of a second three-way. The first outlet of the second three-way is connected to the inlet of a single-rod experimental section. The outlet of the single-rod experimental section is connected to a third three-way. The second outlet of the second three-way is connected to the inlet of a rod bundle experimental section. The outlet of the rod bundle experimental section is connected to a fourth three-way. The first outlet of the first three-way is connected to the third three-way. The third three-way is connected to the fourth three-way. The fourth three-way is connected to the inlet of the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section. The outlet of the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section is connected to the deionized water tank; The cooling loop includes a first water chiller arranged in parallel with the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section and a second water chiller arranged in parallel with the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section; Multiple temperature and pressure measurement points are arranged on the experimental bench. Together with the data acquisition system, real-time monitoring and recording can be carried out at various important positions of the experimental bench.

2. The general experimental bench for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that A first temperature measurement point is arranged in the deionized water tank; a first pressure measurement point is arranged between the outlet of the pressure plunger pump and the first three-way; a second temperature measurement point is arranged at the inlet of the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section, and a third temperature measurement point is arranged at the outlet of the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section; a fourth temperature measurement point is arranged at the inlet of the first water chiller, and a fifth temperature measurement point is arranged at the outlet of the first water chiller; a sixth temperature measurement point is arranged at the outlet of the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section; a seventh temperature measurement point and a second pressure measurement point are arranged at the inlet of the single-rod experimental section, an eighth temperature measurement point and a third pressure measurement point are arranged at the outlet of the single-rod experimental section; a ninth temperature measurement point and a fourth pressure measurement point are arranged at the inlet of the rod bundle experimental section, a tenth temperature measurement point and a fifth pressure measurement point are arranged at the outlet of the rod bundle experimental section; an eleventh temperature measurement point is arranged at the inlet of the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section, a twelfth temperature measurement point and a sixth pressure measurement point are arranged at the outlet of the cooler at the outlet of the experimental section; a thirteenth temperature measurement point is arranged at the inlet of the second water chiller, and a fourteenth temperature measurement point is arranged at the outlet of the second water chiller.

3. A general experimental bench for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that The pipelines between the pre-cooler at the inlet of the experimental section and the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section, and the pipelines from the pre-heater at the inlet of the experimental section to the outlets of the single-rod experimental section and the rod bundle experimental section are wrapped with fiberglass insulation cotton to control the inlet temperature of the experimental section.

4. A general experimental bench for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main experimental loop uses deionized water as the working medium.

5. A general experimental bench for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that The cooling loop uses water as the working medium.

6. The general experimental bench for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that The deionized water tank of the main experimental loop is placed one meter above the inlet of the plunger pump.

7. A general experimental bench for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that A ball valve is provided at the inlet of the filter, a high-pressure check valve is provided at the outlet of the high-pressure plunger pump, a safety valve is provided at the outlet of the high-pressure check valve, a main path stop valve is provided at the first outlet of the first three-way, a single-rod test section inlet regulating valve is provided at the inlet of the single-rod test section, a single-rod test section outlet stop valve is provided at the outlet of the single-rod test section, a rod bundle test section inlet regulating valve is provided at the inlet of the rod bundle test section, a rod bundle test section outlet stop valve is provided at the outlet of the rod bundle test section, a bypass regulating valve is provided in the bypass, a back pressure valve is provided at the outlet of the test section outlet cooler, and a pressure reducing valve is provided at the outlet of the back pressure valve.

8. The experimental method of a general experimental bench for high-temperature heat pipe startup and flow heat transfer according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Before the experiment starts, it is necessary to check the opening and closing conditions of each valve of the entire experimental bench to ensure the smoothness of the main path and the bypass; S2: Before the experiment starts, it is necessary to detect leaks in the entire experimental bench to ensure no leakage under high pressure. The experimental bench is pressurized and leak-detected by filling deionized water. S3: Start the plunger pump, adjust the pressure of the back pressure valve to 20 MPa, and observe whether there are any leak points; S4: After ensuring no leak points, start the second water cooler, DC power supply and AC power supply; S5: Adjust the pressure, flow rate and inlet temperature of the test section in the main experimental loop to the required values; S6: Adjust the heating power of the test section to the required value.

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