An auxiliary decision-making method for tunnel face blasting unit consumption based on drilling index

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for assisting decision-making regarding blasting unit cost at a tunnel face based on a drilling index, comprising the following steps: S1. Drilling each blasthole on the tunnel face while recording the drilling parameters of each blasthole; S2. Calculating the drilling index Ip = f(N, V, F, A) for each blasthole, where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the drill bit used for drilling the blasthole, and the drilling index Ip is used to measure the drilling difficulty of the blasthole; S3. Dividing the drilling index Ip of each blasthole into multiple numerical intervals from small to large, assigning a color to each numerical interval, and plotting a drilling index cloud map of the tunnel face; S4. Evaluating the blasting unit cost of the tunnel face using the drilling index cloud map, thereby providing assistance for determining the blasting unit cost of the tunnel face. The present invention can comprehensively and fully characterize the rock mass, accurately reflect the difficulty of blasting at tunnel faces and mines, and provide assistance for determining the blasting unit cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of determining blasting unit consumption in tunnel construction, and more particularly to a method for auxiliary decision-making of blasting unit consumption in a tunnel face based on drilling index. Background Art

[0002] Blasting designs for tunnels and mines are usually based on rock mass properties, including their strength and structural characteristics. To reduce costs, traditional core drilling is performed at large intervals, and rock mass divisions are usually interpolated, resulting in overly rough characterization of the rock mass and neglecting the understanding of small-scale rock mass structural characteristics. In addition, the selection of only a few parameters (such as rock hardness) to represent the rock mass's resistance to blasting is a major limitation in describing the ease of crushing. Defining these parameters based on a small number of rock samples further reduces the possibility of detailed blasting design. Therefore, blasting design in the existing technology mainly relies on the experience of designers, significantly affects blasting results, and may increase production costs and reduce excavation and mining efficiency.

[0003] Existing research indicates that rock characteristics significantly influence drilling response. Measurement-while-drilling (MWD) technology, which monitors drill rig performance by measuring drilling parameters, enables high-resolution assessment of rock mass characteristics. Furthermore, advance drilling and blasting drilling in tunnel and mining projects generate a large amount of drilling data. Leveraging these parameters provides comprehensive and robust rock mass characterization. Therefore, it is crucial to fully utilize MWD parameters from blastholes to inform decision-making in tunnel and mine blasting, thereby improving the accuracy of blasting design and blasting unit cost decisions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0005] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a method for assisting decision-making on unit cost of blasting in a tunnel face based on drilling index is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, drilling each blasting hole on the tunnel face, and recording the drilling parameters of each blasting hole, wherein the drilling parameters include drilling depth L, drilling rate V, bit pressure F and drill speed N;

[0007] S2. Calculate the drilling index Ip = f(N, V, F, A) of each blast hole, where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the drill bit used for drilling the blast hole. The drilling index Ip is used to measure the difficulty of drilling the blast hole.

[0008] S3. Divide the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole into a plurality of numerical intervals from small to large, assign a color to each numerical interval, and draw a drilling index cloud map of the tunnel face based on the distribution of each blasting hole and the color corresponding to the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole;

[0009] S4. Since the difficulty of drilling a blasthole is directly proportional to the blasting unit consumption of the tunnel face, the blasting unit consumption in the area corresponding to the blasthole with a larger drilling index is higher. The color distribution of the drilling index cloud map intuitively displays the blasting unit consumption corresponding to the area where each blasthole on the tunnel face is located, providing auxiliary decision-making for determining the blasting unit consumption of the tunnel face.

[0010] Preferably, the calculation of the penetration index Ip of each blast hole in step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0011] S2-1. Divide the rock mass into i sections within the drilling depth L of each blast hole, and calculate the drilling index Ip of each section based on the drilling parameters of each section. k ;

[0012] S2-2, according to the drilling index Ip of each rock mass k The drilling depth L of each rock mass k The drilling index Ip of each blast hole is calculated by taking the weighted average value of Where k = 1,…,i.

[0013] Preferably, the drilling parameters in step S1 also include drilling time t; and step S2-1 uses a time series method to segment the rock mass within the drilling depth L of each blast hole, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0014] S2-1-1. Draw a graph of the drilling depth L and drilling time t for each blasting hole;

[0015] S2-1-2. Divide the curve into i segments according to its steepness. Each segment corresponds to a rock mass at one end. The drilling depth L corresponding to each rock mass is obtained. k .

[0016] Preferably, the drilling index Ip of each rock mass is k The drilling index Ip corresponding to different drilling depth points in each rock mass k The average value of ′.

[0017] Preferably, the drilling index Ip corresponding to different drilling depth points in each rock section is k 'Calculated based on the drilling rate V, drilling pressure F, drill speed N and cross-sectional area A of the drill bit corresponding to the drilling depth point;

[0018] IP k ′=FN / VA2 , where F / A2 is the force exerted by the drill bit thrust on the rock mass, and N / V is the force exerted by the drill bit rotation on the rock mass.

[0019] Preferably, the number of value intervals into which the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole is divided from small to large does not exceed five.

[0020] Preferably, the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole is divided into five value intervals from small to large, which respectively correspond to five colors from light to dark on the drilling index cloud map.

[0021] Preferably, the drilling depth of each blast hole does not exceed 3m.

[0022] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention provides a method for assisting decision-making on blasting unit consumption of tunnel face based on drilling index, which makes full use of drilling parameters in the blasting hole drilling process, forms a drilling index with drilling parameters reflecting the difficulty of the drilling process, and fully considers the different anti-drilling capabilities of rock masses corresponding to different drilling depths in each blasting hole, calculates the drilling index of each rock mass segmented by drilling depth for each blasting hole, and then obtains the overall drilling index of the blasting hole, thereby achieving a comprehensive and full characterization of the rock mass; by forming a drilling index cloud map by zoning the drilling index, the visualization of the difficulty of blasting of tunnel faces and mines is achieved, and the difficulty of blasting of tunnel faces and mines is accurately reflected, thereby providing auxiliary decision-making for the determination of blasting unit consumption, providing a decision-making basis for tunnel and mine blasting, avoiding relying solely on manual experience for blasting design and determination of blasting unit consumption, and improving the accuracy of blasting design and blasting unit consumption decision-making.

[0024] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of blasting hole arrangement on a tunnel face according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A graph showing the drilling depth L-drilling time t of a blast hole in the above embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a cloud diagram of the tunnel face drilling index in the above embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0029] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, the terms "horizontal", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a tunnel face blasting unit consumption auxiliary decision-making method based on drilling index, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1, drilling each blasting hole on the tunnel face, and recording the drilling parameters of each blasting hole, wherein the drilling parameters include drilling depth L, drilling rate V, bit pressure F and drill speed N;

[0032] S2. Calculate the drilling index Ip = f(N, V, F, A) of each blast hole, where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the drill bit used for drilling the blast hole. The drilling index Ip is used to measure the difficulty of drilling the blast hole.

[0033] S3. Divide the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole into a plurality of numerical intervals from small to large, assign a color to each numerical interval, and draw a drilling index cloud map of the tunnel face based on the distribution of each blasting hole and the color corresponding to the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole;

[0034] S4. Based on the fact that the difficulty of drilling the blasthole is directly proportional to the blasting unit consumption of the tunnel face, the blasting unit consumption of the tunnel face is evaluated using the drilling index cloud map, thereby providing auxiliary decision-making for determining the blasting unit consumption of the tunnel face.

[0035] In this technical solution, the blast hole distribution density and drilling depth on the tunnel face are given by pre-design, and the drilling depth of each blast hole does not exceed 3m. Figure 1 In this project, the tunnel face of branch tunnel 7# is 3.7m wide and 4.5m high. According to the design, 79 blast holes were arranged. The blast holes were then located and drilled. During the drilling process, drilling parameters such as drilling depth L, drilling rate V, bit pressure F, and drill speed N were collected. A three-arm drilling rig was generally used for blast hole drilling.

[0036] Calculating the penetration index Ip of each blast hole in step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] S2-1. Divide the rock mass into i sections within the drilling depth L of each blast hole, and calculate the drilling index Ip of each section based on the drilling parameters of each section. k ;

[0038] S2-2, according to the drilling index Ip of each rock mass k The drilling depth L of each rock mass k The drilling index Ip of each blast hole is calculated by taking the weighted average value of

[0039]

[0040] Where k = 1,…,i.

[0041] The drilling parameters in step S1 further include the drilling time t; step S2-1 uses a time series method to segment the rock mass within the drilling depth L of each blast hole, specifically including the following steps:

[0042] S2-1-1. Draw a graph of the drilling depth L and drilling time t for each blasting hole;

[0043] S2-1-2. Divide the curve into i segments according to its steepness. Each segment corresponds to a rock mass at one end. The drilling depth L corresponding to each rock mass is obtained. k .

[0044] The drilling depth L-drilling time t curve (Lt) of each blasting hole is drawn with drilling time t as the horizontal axis and drilling depth L as the vertical axis. Then, according to the steepness of the curve in the curve, the part with similar slope in the curve is divided into a section, and the drilling depth L corresponding to each section of rock mass is obtained. k . Reference Figure 2 In this embodiment, the curve is divided into five sections ① to ⑤.

[0045] Drilling index Ip for each rock mass k The drilling index Ip corresponding to different drilling depth points in each rock mass k The interval between two adjacent drilling depth points can be set as needed, such as selecting a drilling parameter of 10 cm per drilling.

[0046] Drilling index Ip corresponding to different drilling depth points in each rock section k 'Calculated based on the drilling rate V, drilling pressure F, drill speed N and cross-sectional area A of the drill bit corresponding to the drilling depth point;

[0047] IP k ′=FN / VA 2 (2)

[0048] Where F / A2 is the force exerted by the drill bit thrust on the rock mass, and N / V is the force exerted by the drill bit rotation on the rock mass.

[0049] According to formula (2), the drilling index Ip at different drilling depths in each rock section is calculated. k ′, then take the drilling index Ip of each drilling depth point in the rock mass k The average value of ′ is taken as the drilling index Ip of the rock mass in this section k Then the drilling index Ip of each rock mass in a blast hole is k The drilling depth L of each rock mass k The drilling index Ip of a blasting hole is obtained by weighted averaging according to formula (1). After obtaining the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole, the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole is divided into multiple numerical intervals from small to large. Furthermore, the number of numerical intervals does not exceed five. Too many numerical intervals will make the drilling index cloud map too complicated. In this embodiment, the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole is divided into five numerical intervals from small to large, corresponding to the five colors from light to dark on the drilling index cloud map. Then, the drilling index cloud map of the tunnel face is drawn according to the distribution of each blasting hole and the color corresponding to the numerical interval where the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole is located. The drilling index cloud map obtained in this embodiment is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0050] The difficulty of rock drilling is directly proportional to the energy required for blasting. The more difficult the rock is to drill, the higher the blasting energy required. Therefore, a drilling index cloud map visualizes the difficulty of blasting in tunnel faces and mines. The map clearly shows that the darkest areas have strong drilling resistance and correspondingly high blasting energy; darker areas have medium drilling resistance and correspondingly moderate blasting energy; and the lightest areas have poor drilling resistance and require only a small blasting energy. The drilling index cloud map allows personnel to make a preliminary assessment of the blasting energy required for each area on the tunnel face, providing a reference for determining blasting energy and assisting in decision-making, rather than relying solely on the designer's experience. This allows for accurate reflection of the difficulty of blasting in tunnel faces and mines by fully utilizing drilling parameters, providing a basis for decision-making in tunnel and mine blasting, and improving the accuracy of blasting design and blasting energy decisions.

[0051] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A tunnel face blasting unit consumption auxiliary decision-making method based on drilling index, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, drilling each blasting hole on the tunnel face, and recording the drilling parameters of each blasting hole, wherein the drilling parameters include drilling depth L, drilling rate V, bit pressure F and drill speed N; S2. Calculate the drilling index Ip of each blast hole = f(N, V, F, A), where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the drill bit used for drilling the blast hole. The drilling index Ip is used to measure the difficulty of drilling the blast hole. Calculating the drilling index Ip of each blast hole specifically includes the following steps: S2-1. Divide the rock mass into i sections within the drilling depth L of each blast hole, and calculate the drilling index of each section of rock mass based on the drilling parameters of each section of rock mass. ; Drilling index of each rock mass The drilling index corresponding to different drilling depth points in each rock mass The average value of the drilling index corresponding to different drilling depth points in each rock section Calculate based on the drilling rate V, drilling pressure F, drill speed N and cross-sectional area A of the drill bit corresponding to the drilling depth point; , where is the force exerted by the drill bit thrust on the rock mass, It is the force exerted by the drill bit rotation on the rock mass; S2-2, according to the drilling index of each rock mass Drilling depth of each rock mass The drilling index Ip of each blast hole is calculated by taking the weighted average value of , where k=1,…,i; S3. Divide the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole into a plurality of numerical intervals from small to large, assign a color to each numerical interval, and draw a drilling index cloud map of the tunnel face based on the distribution of each blasting hole and the color corresponding to the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole; S4. The difficulty of drilling a blasthole is directly proportional to the blasting unit consumption of the tunnel face. The area where the blastholes corresponding to a larger drilling index are located has a higher blasting unit consumption. The color distribution of the drilling index cloud map intuitively displays the blasting unit consumption corresponding to the area where each blasthole is located on the tunnel face, providing auxiliary decision-making for determining the blasting unit consumption of the tunnel face.

2. The tunnel face blasting unit consumption auxiliary decision-making method based on drilling index according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drilling parameters in step S1 also include the drilling time t; step S2-1 uses the time series method to segment the rock mass within the drilling depth L of each blast hole, which specifically includes the following steps: S2-1-1. Draw a graph of the drilling depth L and drilling time t for each blasting hole; S2-1-2. Divide the curve into i segments according to its steepness. Each segment corresponds to a rock mass at one end. The drilling depth L corresponding to each rock mass is obtained. k .

3. The tunnel face blasting unit consumption auxiliary decision-making method based on drilling index according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of numerical intervals for dividing the drilling index Ip of each blasting hole from small to large shall not exceed five.

4. The tunnel face blasting unit consumption auxiliary decision-making method based on drilling index according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drilling index Ip of each blasting hole is divided into five value intervals from small to large, corresponding to the five colors from light to dark on the drilling index cloud map.

5. The tunnel face blasting unit consumption auxiliary decision-making method based on drilling index according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The drilling depth of each blasting hole shall not exceed 3m.

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