Tunnel lining trolley and its vibration system

Abstract

This invention provides a tunnel lining trolley and its vibration system. The vibration system includes a steel formwork with two symmetrically arranged construction zones. Each construction zone has a side arch, a first end, and a second end. The construction zone includes multiple pouring windows, multiple sets of first vibration groups, and at least one set of second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth vibration groups. The multiple pouring windows and the multiple sets of first vibration groups are distributed circumferentially along the steel formwork. The third and fifth vibration groups are located at the first end, as are the fourth and sixth vibration groups. In the height direction, the minimum height of the first vibration groups is less than the minimum height of the pouring windows. The second vibration group is above the pouring windows, the fifth vibration group is above the third vibration group, and the sixth vibration group is above the fourth vibration group. The tunnel lining trolley, including the vibration system, can improve the overall pouring quality of the secondary lining concrete, ensuring that the concrete strength is basically consistent inside and out, with small strength dispersion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, to a vibration system for a tunnel lining trolley and a tunnel lining trolley equipped with the vibration system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of railway and highway construction in my country, the number of tunnel projects is also increasing. As a result, the requirements for tunnel lining quality and standardized construction are constantly improving.

[0003] In traditional tunnel lining processes, before pouring the secondary lining concrete, the tunnel lining trolley is moved to a designated position, and the steel formwork of the trolley overlaps with the upper slab concrete. Then, the secondary lining concrete is poured. During pouring, a ground pump is used to pump the concrete to the inlet of the tunnel lining trolley, and a handheld vibrator is used for compaction at each inlet. When the concrete reaches the arch, an electric attached vibrator is used for compaction. However, due to the dense reinforcement at the arch of the secondary lining, manual vibration of the arch concrete is impossible. Furthermore, electric vibrators have drawbacks such as insufficient frequency and small vibration radius, making it difficult for the arch concrete to be dense and full. This results in quality problems such as voids, insufficient concrete strength, and uneven concrete strength in the tunnel lining arch concrete. These quality problems pose significant safety risks to the later operation of the tunnel. Therefore, traditional tunnel lining processes can no longer meet construction requirements.

[0004] To address the above problems, an existing vibration compaction system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a steel formwork 11, multiple automatic insertion vibrators 12, and multiple pneumatic vibrators 13. This vibration system uses the automatic insertion vibrators 12 to insert high-frequency vibrators into the arch concrete for automatic insertion vibration, thus solving the problems of voids in the secondary lining and insufficient compaction of the concrete. Furthermore, the pneumatic vibrators 13 have advantages such as high vibration frequency and large vibration radius, enabling them to vibrate deep concrete and avoid inadequate vibration or insufficient compaction of deep concrete. However, this vibration system has the following disadvantages:

[0005] First, the relative positions of the multiple pneumatic vibrators 13 and the multiple sidewall feed inlets 111 are not properly distributed, resulting in relatively poor vibration effects of the multiple pneumatic vibrators 13 on the concrete at the sidewall and arch positions. For example, the first row of pneumatic vibrators 13 near the bottom of one side of the steel formwork 11 is positioned too high, that is, the distance between the first row of pneumatic vibrators 13 on one side and the top of the low sidewall (i.e., the construction joint between the invert arch and the secondary lining) is too large, so the construction joint between the invert arch and the secondary lining is at the edge of the maximum vibration radius of the pneumatic vibrator 13. Therefore, the vibration effect on the concrete at the construction joint between the invert arch and the secondary lining is poor, which makes the concrete at the construction joint between the invert arch and the secondary lining prone to defects. For example, on one side of the steel formwork, due to the large circumferential spacing between the two adjacent rows of sidewall inlets 111, and the absence of corresponding pneumatic vibrators 13 between some of the adjacent rows of sidewall inlets 111, the area of ​​the adjacent rows of sidewall inlets 111 is located at the edge of the maximum vibration radius of the pneumatic vibrator 13. Therefore, the concrete in the area of ​​the adjacent rows of sidewall inlets 111 is poorly vibrated, has low density, and is prone to voids.

[0006] Secondly, the automatic immersion vibrator 13 located at the arch top of the steel formwork 11 is not on the formwork centerline 14. When this part of the automatic immersion vibrator 13 works together with other automatic immersion vibrators 13 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the arch position of the formwork centerline 14, the automatic immersion vibrator 13 located at the arch top will more or less affect the uniformity and density of the concrete distribution on both sides of the formwork centerline 14, thus causing the concrete at the arch top to be prone to uneven concrete strength.

[0007] Third, along the length of the steel formwork 11 (parallel to the centerline 14 of the formwork), the layout of the vibrators (including the automatic insertion vibrator 12 and the pneumatic vibrator 13) at both ends 112 of the steel formwork 11 is unreasonable, resulting in poor vibration effect on the concrete at the ends of the steel formwork 11. Since the poured secondary lining needs to be connected to the upper secondary lining and the lower secondary lining respectively, the vibration of the concrete at the connection (i.e., the circumferential construction joint) is particularly important to avoid concrete defects. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned problems, the main objective of this invention is to provide a vibration system that improves the overall pouring quality of secondary lining concrete, prevents voids in the arch concrete, ensures consistent internal and external concrete strength, and minimizes strength dispersion.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel lining trolley equipped with the above-mentioned vibration system.

[0010] To achieve the main objective of this invention, a vibration compaction system is provided, comprising a steel formwork having two symmetrically arranged construction zones about a plane of symmetry. The height direction and axis of the steel formwork are both on the plane of symmetry. Each construction zone is provided with multi-layer pouring windows, multiple sets of first vibration groups, at least one set of second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth vibration groups. The multi-layer pouring windows are distributed circumferentially along the steel formwork, each including multiple inlets distributed along a first direction parallel to the axis of symmetry. Each construction zone has a side arch, a first end, and a second end. Along the first direction, the side arch is located between the first and second ends. Both the first and second vibration groups are located on the side arch. Multiple sets of first vibration groups are arranged circumferentially, alternating with the multi-layer pouring windows. Each first vibration group includes multiple first pneumatic vibrators distributed along the first direction, and each second vibration group includes multiple second pneumatic vibrators distributed along the first direction. The third and fifth vibration groups... All vibration groups are located at the first end. The third vibration group includes multiple third pneumatic vibrators distributed circumferentially, and the fifth vibration group includes at least one first immersion vibrator. The fourth and sixth vibration groups are located at the second end. The fourth vibration group includes multiple fourth pneumatic vibrators distributed circumferentially, and the sixth vibration group includes at least one second immersion vibrator. In the height direction, the height of the lowest first vibration group is less than the height of the bottom pouring window. The second vibration group is located above the top pouring window. The fifth vibration group is located above the third vibration group, and the sixth vibration group is located above the fourth vibration group. In the circumferential direction, two adjacent first pneumatic vibrators are staggered, and one adjacent first pneumatic vibrator is staggered with one second pneumatic vibrator. The arch of the steel formwork is provided with multiple third immersion vibrators and multiple grouting holes distributed in the first direction. The multiple third immersion vibrators and multiple grouting holes are all located on the plane of symmetry.

[0011] As can be seen from the above, the design of the vibration system can better improve the vibration effect on the concrete in the sidewalls, arch area, arch crown area, and both ends of the steel formwork, thereby increasing the density of the concrete and preventing voids. Specifically, the relative positions of the first vibration group and the pouring windows ensure that the concrete at the construction joint between the invert and the secondary lining is fully and thoroughly vibrated, as well as the concrete between adjacent pouring windows, resulting in denser concrete in the sidewalls and reducing defects. The placement of the second vibration group allows for comprehensive and thorough vibration of the concrete in the arch area, ensuring it is dense and free of defects. Furthermore, the second vibration group works in conjunction with multiple third-stage immersion vibrators located at the arch crown to ensure uniform distribution, density, and strength of the concrete at the crown, preventing voids due to vibration. Inadequate compaction can lead to problems such as loose concrete, honeycomb-like surface, and voids in the arch. By setting up the third and fourth vibration groups, the concrete at the end of the steel formwork sidewall can be fully and thoroughly vibrated to ensure the quality of concrete pouring at the circumferential construction joint, thereby ensuring the connection quality between the two adjacent lining slabs. By setting up the fifth and sixth vibration groups, the first and second immersion vibrators can fully and thoroughly vibrate the concrete at the end of the steel formwork arch, avoiding small-scale voids or loose compaction caused by local concrete accumulation during the pouring of concrete into the arch, thus ensuring the quality of concrete pouring at the circumferential construction joint and improving the connection quality between the two adjacent lining slabs.

[0012] A preferred embodiment is that, in the height direction, the minimum distance between the third pneumatic vibrator and the low side wall is between 0.8 meters and 1 meter, the minimum distance between the fourth pneumatic vibrator and the low side wall is between 0.8 meters and 1 meter, and the minimum distance between the first pneumatic vibrator and the low side wall is between 0.8 meters and 1 meter.

[0013] As can be seen from the above, the design enables the first, third, and fourth pneumatic vibrators to work together to fully, effectively, and comprehensively vibrate the concrete at the construction joint between the invert arch and the secondary lining, thereby ensuring the density of the concrete in the sidewall and end wall areas of the steel formwork and improving the quality of concrete pouring.

[0014] A further proposed scheme is as follows: the compaction radius of the first pneumatic vibrator is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; the compaction radius of the second pneumatic vibrator is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; the compaction radius of the third pneumatic vibrator is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; the compaction radius of the fourth pneumatic vibrator is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; the compaction radius of the first immersion vibrator is between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; the compaction radius of the second immersion vibrator is between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; the compaction radius of the third immersion vibrator is between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; the compaction radius of the first pneumatic vibrator is matched with the compaction radii of the other adjacent vibrators; the compaction radius of the second pneumatic vibrator... The vibration radius of the first, second, and third immersion vibrators is engaged with the vibration radius of the adjacent vibrators. The vibration radius of the third, fourth, and fifth immersion vibrators is engaged with the vibration radius of the adjacent vibrators. In the first direction, the distance between two adjacent feed inlets is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, and the distance between two adjacent grouting holes is between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters.

[0015] As can be seen from the above, the design enables the vibration range of the first vibration group, the second vibration group, the third vibration group, the fourth vibration group, the fifth vibration group, the sixth vibration group, and multiple third immersion vibrators to cover the entire secondary lining concrete, thereby ensuring the overall quality of the secondary lining concrete.

[0016] Another preferred option is to provide at least one handheld immersion vibrator in each construction area.

[0017] As can be seen from the above, by setting up a handheld immersion vibrator, the construction workers can perform preliminary vibration on the concrete during the concrete pouring process when pouring concrete into each inlet, so that the injected concrete can be initially compacted. At the same time, the setting of the handheld immersion vibrator allows the construction workers to control the embedded waterstop to keep it straight during the concrete pouring process, so that the embedded waterstop is not squeezed and deformed and the embedded waterstop is not tilted.

[0018] A further option is to position the first vibratory tamping group, located between two adjacent pouring windows, close to the pouring window with the lower height among the two adjacent pouring windows, in the circumferential direction.

[0019] As can be seen from the above, the design can ensure that the concrete near each inlet is better vibrated, thus filling the vibration blind spots of the handheld immersion vibrator and improving the overall pouring quality of the secondary lining concrete.

[0020] A further proposed solution is to have the steel formwork be between 10 and 14 meters long along the first direction.

[0021] As can be seen from the above, by designing the length of the steel formwork, the length of the secondary lining constructed is moderate and meets the specifications, while ensuring the overall quality of the secondary lining concrete pouring.

[0022] A further proposed solution is to have three layers of pouring windows in each construction area, three sets of first vibration groups, and two sets of second vibration groups; in the circumferential direction, adjacent second pneumatic vibrators are staggered.

[0023] As can be seen from the above, the design can further optimize the structural layout of the vibration system and ensure the vibration quality and effect of concrete.

[0024] A further proposed solution is to have four material inlets for each layer of the pouring window, with three of the material inlets located at the side arch and the remaining one located at the first or second end. In the circumferential direction, adjacent material inlets are staggered. The number of first pneumatic vibrators in each first vibration group is three, and the number of second pneumatic vibrators in each second vibration group is three.

[0025] As can be seen from the above, the design optimizes and rationalizes the relative positions of the feed inlet, the first pneumatic vibrator, and the second pneumatic vibrator, thereby further ensuring the vibration quality and effect of the concrete.

[0026] A further proposed solution is that the number of third pneumatic vibrators in each third vibration group is four; the number of fourth pneumatic vibrators in each fourth vibration group is four; the fifth vibration group includes two first immersion vibrators distributed circumferentially; the sixth vibration group includes two second immersion vibrators distributed circumferentially; the number of third immersion vibrators is four; the number of grouting holes is three; and the length of the steel formwork is 12 meters along the first direction.

[0027] As can be seen from the above, the design enables the overall structural layout of the vibration system to be in a better position, thereby significantly reducing the cost of eliminating defects in the lining construction, ensuring that the concrete strength is basically consistent inside and out with small strength dispersion, and making the arch concrete more compact, preventing quality problems such as honeycomb surface defects and voids in the arch concrete.

[0028] To achieve another objective of the present invention, the present invention provides a tunnel lining trolley, including the above-described vibrating system.

[0029] As can be seen from the above, the tunnel lining trolley equipped with the above-mentioned vibration system can improve the overall pouring quality of the secondary lining concrete, ensure the compactness and uniformity of the concrete strength, and prevent the concrete at the arch from becoming void. In addition, it can also ensure that the concrete strength is basically consistent inside and out, and that the strength dispersion value is small. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an existing vibration system.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pouring windows in an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first and second vibration groups in an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the usage state of an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the approximate vibration range of the handheld insert vibrator at each feed inlet in an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the approximate vibration range of each first pneumatic vibrator and each second pneumatic vibrator in an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the approximate vibration range of each third pneumatic vibrator, each fourth pneumatic vibrator, each first insert vibrator, and each second insert vibrator in an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the approximate vibration range of each third insertion vibrator in an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a waveform diagram of the detection in an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a comparison table of acoustic rebound test data for the strength of the lining arch in an embodiment of the vibration system of the present invention.

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Example of a vibratory compaction system

[0043] Reference Figures 2 to 5 The vibration system 200 includes a steel formwork 2, an air compressor, and a control device. The steel formwork 2 has two construction zones 20 symmetrically arranged about a plane of symmetry 201. Each construction zone 20 has a side arch 202, a first end 203, and a second end 204. Along a first direction X, the side arch 202 is located between the first end 203 and the second end 204. Furthermore, each construction zone 20 is equipped with multiple layers of pouring windows 21, multiple sets of first vibration groups 22, at least one set of second vibration groups 23, third vibration groups 24, fourth vibration groups 25, fifth vibration groups 26, and sixth vibration groups 27. The height and axis of the steel formwork 2 are both on the plane of symmetry 201, and the first direction X is parallel to the axis.

[0044] Along the first direction X, the length of the steel formwork 2 is between 10 meters and 14 meters. Multiple layers of casting windows 21 are distributed circumferentially along the steel formwork 2. Each layer of casting windows 21 includes multiple inlets 211, which are distributed along the first direction X. In this embodiment, the length of the steel formwork 2 along the first direction X is 12 meters. Preferably, there are three layers of casting windows 21, with each layer including four inlets 211. In the first direction X, the spacing between two adjacent inlets 211 is preferably between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; more preferably, the spacing between two adjacent inlets 211 is 2.2 meters. Among them, the three-layer pouring window 21 is located in the middle and lower part of the construction area 20, that is, the side wall area of ​​the tunnel. Three material inlets 211 in each layer of pouring window 21 are located in the side arch 202 of the construction area 20, and the remaining material inlet 211 is located in the first end 203 or the second end 204. In the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2, two adjacent material inlets 211 are staggered.

[0045] Furthermore, each construction area 20 is equipped with at least one handheld immersion vibrator, which allows construction workers to perform preliminary vibration on the concrete during the pouring process when pouring concrete into each inlet 211, so that the injected concrete can be initially compacted. At the same time, the handheld immersion vibrator allows construction workers to control the embedded waterstop to remain straight during the concrete pouring process, so that the embedded waterstop is not squeezed or deformed and is prevented from tilting.

[0046] Multiple sets of first vibrators are installed at the side arch 202 of the construction area 20, and are located in the lower middle part of the construction area 20, corresponding to the sidewall area of ​​the tunnel. Multiple sets of first vibrator groups 22 are distributed circumferentially along the steel formwork 2, and are alternately arranged with the multi-layer pouring window 21 in the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2. Each set of first vibrator groups 22 includes multiple first pneumatic vibrators 221, which are distributed along the first direction X. In this embodiment, the number of first vibration groups 22 is preferably three groups, each group of first vibration groups 22 includes three first pneumatic vibrators 221. In the first direction X, the distance between two adjacent first pneumatic vibrators 221 is preferably between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, and the vibration radius of the first pneumatic vibrator 221 is preferably between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters. More preferably, the vibration radius of the first pneumatic vibrator 221 is 2.5 meters, and in the first direction X, the distance between two adjacent first pneumatic vibrators 221 is 2.2 meters. In addition, in the height direction, the minimum distance between the first pneumatic vibrator 221 and the low sidewall of the tunnel is preferably between 0.8 meters and 1 meter, that is, the minimum distance between the height of each first pneumatic vibrator 221 of the lowest group of first vibration groups 22 and the low sidewall of the tunnel is preferably between 0.8 meters and 1 meter, and the height of the lowest group of first vibration groups 22 is less than the height of the bottom pouring window 21. By designing the relative positions of the first vibration group 22 and the pouring window 21, it is ensured that the concrete at the construction joint between the invert arch and the secondary lining can be fully and adequately vibrated, and that the concrete between the two adjacent pouring windows 21 can also be fully and adequately vibrated, thereby making the concrete at the side wall more compact and reducing defects and blemishes in the concrete at the side wall.

[0047] The second vibration group 23 is set in the side arch 202 of the construction area 20. Each second vibration group 23 includes multiple second pneumatic vibrators 231, which are distributed along the first direction X. In the height direction, the second vibration group 23 is located above the top pouring window 21, so that the second vibration group 23 is located in the upper middle part of the construction area 20, that is, the arch area of ​​the tunnel. In this embodiment, the number of second vibration groups 23 is preferably two groups, and each second vibration group 23 includes three second pneumatic vibrators 231. In the first direction X, the distance between two adjacent second pneumatic vibrators 231 is preferably between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, and the vibration radius of the second pneumatic vibrator 231 is preferably between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; more preferably, the vibration radius of the second pneumatic vibrator 231 is 2.5 meters, and the distance between two adjacent second pneumatic vibrators 231 is 2.2 meters in the first direction X. By setting the position of the second vibration group 23, the second vibration group 23 can fully and thoroughly vibrate the concrete at the arch, so as to ensure that the concrete at the arch is dense and free of defects.

[0048] In the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2, two adjacent first pneumatic vibrators 221 are staggered, two adjacent second pneumatic vibrators 231 are staggered, and one adjacent first pneumatic vibrator 221 and one adjacent second pneumatic vibrator 231 are staggered. Furthermore, in the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2, the first vibration group 22 located between two adjacent pouring windows 21 is positioned close to the lower pouring window 21 of the two adjacent pouring windows 21, thereby ensuring that the concrete near each inlet 211 is better vibrated to fill the vibration blind spots of the handheld immersion vibrator, thereby improving the overall pouring quality of the secondary lining concrete.

[0049] The third vibration group 24 is located at the first end 203 of the construction area 20, and is situated in the lower middle part of the construction area 20, corresponding to the sidewall area of ​​the tunnel. The third vibration group 24 includes multiple third pneumatic vibrators 241, which are distributed circumferentially along the steel formwork 2. In this embodiment, the third vibration group 24 includes four third pneumatic vibrators 241. The spacing between adjacent third pneumatic vibrators 241 along the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2 can be adjusted according to the position of the inlet 211 at the first end 203 to ensure effective vibration of the concrete at the first end 203. In the height direction, the minimum distance between the lowest third pneumatic vibrator 241 in the third vibration group 24 and the low sidewall is preferably between 0.8 meters and 1 meter. The vibration radius of the third pneumatic vibrator 241 is preferably between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, and more preferably, the vibration radius of the third pneumatic vibrator 241 is 2.2 meters.

[0050] By setting up the third vibration group 24, the third vibration group 24 can fully and thoroughly vibrate the concrete of the side wall part at the end of the steel formwork 2 to ensure the pouring quality of the concrete at the circumferential construction joint, thereby ensuring the connection quality between the two adjacent lining plates. In addition, the third vibration group 24 is also used to cooperate with the first vibration group 22 to fully, effectively and comprehensively vibrate the concrete at the end of the construction joint between the invert arch and the lining, thereby ensuring the compactness of the concrete in the side wall and end side wall areas of the steel formwork 2 and improving the pouring quality of the concrete.

[0051] The fourth vibration group 25 is located at the second end 204 of the construction area 20, and is situated in the lower-middle part of the construction area 20, corresponding to the sidewall area of ​​the tunnel. The fourth vibration group 25 includes multiple fourth pneumatic vibrators 251, which are distributed circumferentially along the steel formwork 2. In this embodiment, the fourth vibration group 25 includes four fourth pneumatic vibrators 251. The spacing between adjacent fourth pneumatic vibrators 251 along the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2 can be adjusted according to the position of the inlet 211 at the second end 204 to ensure effective vibration of the concrete at the second end 204. In the height direction, the minimum distance between the lowest fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 in the fourth vibration group 25 and the low sidewall is preferably between 0.8 meters and 1 meter. The vibration radius of the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 is preferably between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, and more preferably, the vibration radius of the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 is 2.2 meters.

[0052] By setting up the fourth vibration group 25, the fourth vibration group 25 can fully and thoroughly vibrate the concrete of the side wall portion at the end of the steel formwork 2 to ensure the pouring quality of the concrete at the circumferential construction joint, thereby ensuring the connection quality between the two adjacent lining plates. In addition, the fourth vibration group 25 is also used to cooperate with the first vibration group 22 to fully, effectively and comprehensively vibrate the concrete at the end of the construction joint between the invert arch and the lining, thereby ensuring the compactness of the concrete in the side wall and end side wall areas of the steel formwork 2 and improving the pouring quality of the concrete.

[0053] The fifth vibration group 26 is located at the first end 203 of the construction area 20. In the height direction, the fifth vibration group 26 is located above the third vibration group 24, so that the fifth vibration group 26 is located in the upper-middle part of the construction area 20, corresponding to the arch area of ​​the tunnel. The fifth vibration group 26 includes at least one first immersion vibrator 261. In this embodiment, the fifth vibration group 26 includes two first immersion vibrators 261. The two first immersion vibrators 261 are distributed circumferentially along the steel formwork 2. In the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2, the spacing between two adjacent first immersion vibrators 261 is preferably between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, and the vibration radius of the first immersion vibrator 261 is preferably between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters. Furthermore, in the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2, the spacing between an adjacent third pneumatic vibrator 241 and a first immersion vibrator 261 is preferably between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; more preferably, the spacing between two adjacent first immersion vibrators 261 is 1.5 meters, the vibration radius of the first immersion vibrator 261 is 1.5 meters, and the spacing between an adjacent third pneumatic vibrator 241 and a first immersion vibrator 261 is 1.5 meters.

[0054] By setting up the fifth vibration group 26, the first immersion vibrator 261 can fully and thoroughly vibrate the concrete in the arch section at the end of the steel formwork 2, so as to avoid small-scale voids or incomplete compaction caused by local concrete accumulation during the concrete pouring process into the arch, thereby ensuring the pouring quality of concrete at the circumferential construction joint and improving the connection quality of the secondary lining of the two adjacent slabs; in addition, the fifth vibration group 26 is also used to cooperate with the second vibration group 23 to vibrate the concrete at the arch, so as to improve the vibration effect of the concrete in the arch section of the steel formwork 2.

[0055] The sixth vibration group 27 is located at the first end 203 of the construction area 20. In the height direction, the sixth vibration group 27 is located above the fourth vibration group 25, so that the sixth vibration group 27 is located in the upper-middle part of the construction area 20, corresponding to the arch area of ​​the tunnel. The sixth vibration group 27 includes at least one second immersion vibrator 271. In this embodiment, the fifth vibration group 26 includes two second immersion vibrators 271. The two second immersion vibrators 271 are distributed circumferentially along the steel formwork 2. In the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2, the spacing between two adjacent second immersion vibrators 271 is preferably between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, and the vibration radius of the second immersion vibrator 271 is preferably between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters. Furthermore, in the circumferential direction of the steel formwork 2, the spacing between an adjacent fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 and a second immersion vibrator 271 is preferably between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; more preferably, the spacing between two adjacent second immersion vibrators 271 is 1.5 meters, the vibration radius of the second immersion vibrator 271 is 1.5 meters, and the spacing between an adjacent fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 and a second immersion vibrator 271 is 1.5 meters.

[0056] By setting up the sixth vibration group 27, the second immersion vibrator 271 can fully and thoroughly vibrate the concrete in the arch section at the end of the steel formwork 2, so as to avoid small-scale voids or incomplete compaction caused by local concrete accumulation during the concrete pouring into the arch, thereby ensuring the pouring quality of concrete at the circumferential construction joint and improving the connection quality of the secondary lining of the two adjacent slabs; in addition, the sixth vibration group 27 is also used to cooperate with the second vibration group 23 to vibrate the concrete at the arch, so as to improve the vibration effect of the concrete in the arch section of the steel formwork 2.

[0057] The arch of the steel formwork 2 is provided with multiple third-insertion vibrators 28 and multiple injection holes 29. The multiple third-insertion vibrators 28 are distributed along the first direction X, and the multiple injection holes 29 are also distributed along the first direction X. In the first direction X, the multiple third-insertion vibrators 28 and the multiple injection holes 29 are arranged alternately, and both the multiple third-insertion vibrators 28 and the multiple injection holes 29 are located on the plane of symmetry 201. Preferably, in the first direction X, the distance between the third-insertion vibrators 28 and the injection holes 29 is between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; more preferably, in the first direction X, the distance between the third-insertion vibrators 28 and the injection holes 29 is 1.5 meters.

[0058] The third immersion vibrator 28 is used to vibrate the concrete at the top of the arch of the steel formwork 2. In conjunction with the second vibrating group 23, the concrete at the top of the arch is vibrated more comprehensively and thoroughly to ensure that the concrete at the top of the arch is evenly distributed, dense and uniform in strength, and to prevent problems such as loose concrete, honeycomb surface and voids in the arch due to inadequate vibration.

[0059] Combination Figures 6 to 9 The vibration radius of the first pneumatic vibrator 221 engages with the vibration radii of other adjacent vibrators; the vibration radius of the second pneumatic vibrator 231 engages with the vibration radii of other adjacent vibrators; the vibration radius of the third pneumatic vibrator 241 engages with the vibration radii of other adjacent vibrators; the vibration radius of the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 engages with the vibration radii of other adjacent vibrators; and the vibration radius of the first immersion vibrator 261 engages with the vibration radii of other adjacent vibrators. The vibration radius of the second immersion vibrator 271 is engaged with the vibration radius of other adjacent vibrators, and the vibration radius of the third immersion vibrator 28 is engaged with the vibration radius of other adjacent vibrators. The above design enables the vibration range of the first vibration group 22, the second vibration group 23, the third vibration group 24, the fourth vibration group 25, the fifth vibration group 26, the sixth vibration group 27 and the multiple third immersion vibrators 28 to cover the entire secondary lining concrete, thereby ensuring the overall quality of the secondary lining concrete.

[0060] The air compressor is connected to each of the first pneumatic vibrator 221, each of the second pneumatic vibrator 231, each of the third pneumatic vibrator 241, each of the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251, each of the first insert vibrator 261, each of the second insert vibrator 271 and each of the third insert vibrator 28 via valve units. The control device is electrically connected to the air compressor and the valve units, thereby enabling the control device to control the first vibrating group 22, the second vibrating group 23, the third vibrating group 24, the fourth vibrating group 25, the fifth vibrating group 26, the sixth vibrating group 27 and the third insert vibrator 28 to perform corresponding vibrating operations through the air compressor and the valve units.

[0061] Construction method examples of vibration tamping systems

[0062] This embodiment uses the vibration system 200 from the above-described vibration system 200 embodiment for construction. The specific construction method is as follows:

[0063] During construction, the steel formwork 2 of the vibration system 200 forms the secondary lining pouring cavity of the current construction section between the already poured secondary lining, the primary lining of the current construction section, the inverted arch and the low side wall and the end formwork.

[0064] Next, concrete is poured into the bottom pouring window 21 of the construction area 20. During the pouring process, workers operate handheld immersion vibrators to vibrate the concrete poured at the bottom pouring window 21. When operating the handheld immersion vibrator, the workers perform the vibration in multiple stages and in multiple areas. That is, the handheld immersion vibrator will vibrate the concrete poured near each inlet 211 of the bottom pouring window 21. The vibration time for each vibration is preferably between 15 and 25 seconds. The concrete should be compacted and have a surface slurry after vibration. During the vibration process, the vibrator should be inserted and withdrawn slowly to allow air bubbles in the concrete to be fully expelled.

[0065] When the concrete overflows the third pneumatic vibrator 241 in the first area corresponding to the bottom pouring window 21, the control device activates the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to allow the third pneumatic vibrator 241 to perform vibration operation for a first preset duration. Similarly, when the concrete overflows the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 in the first area corresponding to the bottom pouring window 21, the control device activates the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to allow the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 to perform vibration operation for a first preset duration. The first preset duration is preferably between 50 and 70 seconds.

[0066] After the bottom pouring window 21 is completed, the handheld immersion vibrator is first removed from the inlet 211, and then all inlets 211 of the bottom pouring window 21 are closed. Subsequently, the control device controls the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to start, so that the bottom first vibrating group 22 and the third pneumatic vibrator 241 and fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 in the first area can vibrate for a second preset time. The second preset time is preferably between 30 seconds and 50 seconds.

[0067] Preferably, after the bottom pouring window 21 is poured and before it is closed, a worker operates a handheld immersion vibrator to vibrate the concrete around the embedded waterstop at the first end 203 and the second end 204 of the construction area 20, so that the embedded waterstop is in a straight state. This operation can prevent the embedded waterstop from being squeezed and deformed and / or tilted, so as to keep the waterstop in a straight state and thus ensure the waterproof effect of the embedded waterstop.

[0068] Next, concrete is poured into the second-layer pouring window 21 of construction area 20. During the pouring process, workers operate handheld immersion vibrators to vibrate the concrete poured at the second-layer pouring window 21. When operating the handheld immersion vibrator, the workers perform the vibration in multiple stages and in multiple areas. That is, the handheld immersion vibrator will vibrate the concrete poured near each inlet 211 of the bottom pouring window 21. The vibration time for each vibration is preferably between 15 and 25 seconds. The concrete should be compacted and have a surface slurry after vibration. During the vibration process, the vibrator should be inserted and withdrawn slowly to allow air bubbles in the concrete to be fully expelled.

[0069] When the concrete overflows the third pneumatic vibrator 241 in the second area corresponding to the second pouring window 21, the control device activates the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to enable the third pneumatic vibrator 241 to perform vibration operation for a third preset duration. Similarly, when the concrete overflows the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 in the second area corresponding to the second pouring window 21, the control device activates the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to enable the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 to perform vibration operation for a third preset duration. The third preset duration is preferably between 30 and 50 seconds.

[0070] After the second layer of pouring window 21 is completed, the handheld immersion vibrator is first removed from the inlet 211, and then all inlets 211 of the second layer of pouring window 21 are closed. Subsequently, the control device controls the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to start, so that the second group of first vibration groups 22, the third pneumatic vibrator 241 and the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 in the second area perform vibration for a fourth preset duration; and so that the bottom layer of first vibration groups 22 performs vibration for a fifth preset duration. The fourth preset duration is preferably between 30 seconds and 50 seconds; the fifth preset duration is preferably between 40 seconds and 60 seconds.

[0071] Next, concrete is poured into the topmost pouring window 21 of the construction area 20. During the pouring process, workers operate handheld immersion vibrators to vibrate the concrete poured at the topmost pouring window 21. When operating the handheld immersion vibrator, the workers perform the vibration in multiple stages and in multiple areas. That is, the handheld immersion vibrator will vibrate the concrete poured near each inlet 211 of the topmost pouring window 21. The vibration time for each vibration is preferably between 15 and 25 seconds. The concrete should be compacted and have a surface slurry after vibration. During the vibration process, the vibrator should be inserted and withdrawn slowly to allow air bubbles in the concrete to be fully expelled.

[0072] When the concrete overflows the third pneumatic vibrator 241 in the third area corresponding to the top pouring window 21, the control device activates the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to enable the third pneumatic vibrator 241 to perform a vibration operation for a sixth preset duration. Similarly, when the concrete overflows the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 in the second area corresponding to the top pouring window 21, the control device activates the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to enable the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 to perform a vibration operation for a sixth preset duration. The sixth preset duration is preferably between 30 and 50 seconds.

[0073] After the pouring of the top layer pouring window 21 is completed, the handheld immersion vibrator is first removed from the inlet 211, and then all inlets 211 of the top layer pouring window 21 are closed. Subsequently, the control device controls the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to start the uppermost first vibrating group 22, the third pneumatic vibrator 241 and the fourth pneumatic vibrator 251 in the third area to vibrate for a seventh preset time; and to make the second first vibrating group 22 vibrate for an eighth preset time. The seventh preset time is preferably between 30 seconds and 50 seconds; the fifth preset time is preferably between 40 seconds and 60 seconds.

[0074] Next, concrete is poured into the grouting hole 29. During the pouring process, the third immersion vibrator 28 is activated as required to perform vibration in the first preset mode. Specifically, when the concrete overflows the third immersion vibrator 28 located at the top of the arch, the control device controls the corresponding valves in the air compressor and valve unit to activate the third immersion vibrator 28 to perform vibration in the first preset mode. The first preset vibration mode is: the third immersion vibrator 28 is controlled to start intermittently two to four times, and each start is used for vibration for a thirteenth preset duration. The fourteenth preset duration is preferably between 20 seconds and 35 seconds.

[0075] When the concrete overflows the first preset distance of the first group of second vibration groups 23, the first group of second vibration groups 23 is started for a ninth preset duration of vibration. The first preset distance is preferably between 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, and the ninth preset duration is preferably between 25 seconds and 40 seconds.

[0076] When the concrete overflows the second preset distance of the second vibration group 23, the second vibration group 23 is started for a tenth preset duration of vibration, and the first vibration group 23 is started for an eleventh preset duration of vibration. The second preset distance is preferably between 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, the tenth preset duration is preferably between 25 seconds and 40 seconds, and the eleventh preset duration is preferably between 30 seconds and 50 seconds.

[0077] When the first immersion vibrator 261 and the second immersion vibrator 271 are submerged in concrete, the second preset vibration mode is activated and begins. The second preset vibration mode is as follows: the first immersion vibrator 261 is controlled to start intermittently two to four times, with each single start performing vibration for a fifteenth preset duration; the second immersion vibrator 271 is controlled to start intermittently two to four times, with each single start performing vibration for a fifteenth preset duration. The fifteenth preset duration is preferably between 20 and 35 seconds.

[0078] Furthermore, in the vertical direction, when the concrete overflows the top pouring window by 1.5 meters (211 meters), the topmost first vibration group 22 is activated for a twelfth preset duration of vibration, preferably between 30 and 50 seconds. When the concrete pouring is completed, the second second vibration group 23 is activated for a thirteenth duration of vibration, preferably between 30 and 50 seconds.

[0079] It should be noted that the above construction process is an example illustrating the concrete pouring sequence for a single construction zone 20, to help those skilled in the art understand the concrete pouring process for construction zone 20. In actual concrete pouring, both construction zones 20 need to be poured symmetrically. The preferred timing for switching between the two construction zones 20 for concrete pouring includes the following two methods:

[0080] The first method involves pouring and vibrating the bottom layer of the first construction zone 20's pouring window 21, then pouring and vibrating the bottom layer of the second construction zone 20's pouring window 21; then pouring and vibrating the second layer of the first construction zone 20's pouring window 21; then pouring and vibrating the second layer of the first construction zone 20's pouring window 21; then pouring and vibrating the top layer of the first construction zone 20's pouring window 21; then pouring and vibrating the top layer of the second construction zone 20's pouring window 21; and finally pouring concrete into the grouting hole 29. During the pouring of concrete into the grouting hole 29, it is preferable to first pour concrete into the first construction zone 20 until it overflows the first preset distance of the first group of second vibration groups 23, then switch to the second construction zone 20 for concrete pouring; when the concrete in the second construction zone 20 overflows the first preset distance of the first group of second vibration groups 23, switch back to the first construction zone 20 for concrete pouring; when the concrete in the first construction zone 20 overflows the second preset distance of the second group of second vibration groups 23, switch back to the second construction zone 20 for concrete pouring; when the concrete in the second construction zone 20 overflows the second preset distance of the second group of second vibration groups 23, switch back to the first construction zone 20 for concrete pouring. This cycle of pouring continues until the concrete approaches the arch area of ​​the steel formwork 2, at which point concrete can be poured into both construction zones 20 simultaneously.

[0081] The second method involves pouring concrete from the same batch into the same construction area 20. After the current batch of concrete is poured, the next batch of concrete is poured into a different construction area 20, and this cycle continues until the concrete pouring for the three-layer pouring windows 21 in both construction areas 20 is completed. Similarly, during the pouring of concrete into the grouting hole 29, it is preferable to first pour concrete into the first construction area 20 until it overflows the first preset distance of the first group of second vibration groups 23, and then switch to the second construction area 20 for concrete pouring; when the concrete in the second construction area 20 overflows the first preset distance of the first group of second vibration groups 23, switch back to the first construction area 20 for concrete pouring; when the concrete in the first construction area 20 overflows the second preset distance of the second group of second vibration groups 23, switch back to the second construction area 20 for concrete pouring; when the concrete in the second construction area 20 overflows the second preset distance of the second group of second vibration groups 23, switch back to the first construction area 20 for concrete pouring. This process of pouring concrete is repeated, and when the concrete approaches the arch area of ​​the steel formwork 2, concrete can be poured into both construction areas 20 simultaneously.

[0082] Furthermore, when pouring concrete for each layer of pouring windows 21, concrete of a predetermined height is poured sequentially into multiple inlets 211 in the first direction X; when pouring concrete for multiple grouting holes 29 of the arch, concrete of a predetermined height is poured sequentially into multiple grouting holes 29 in the first direction X. When the vibrating system 200 is on a slope, when pouring concrete for each layer of pouring windows 21, concrete is poured sequentially from the lower-height inlet 211 to the higher-height inlet 211; when pouring concrete for multiple grouting holes 29 of the arch, concrete is poured sequentially from the lower-height grouting hole 29 to the higher-height grouting hole 29.

[0083] Combination Figure 10 The strength and density of the immersion high-frequency vibrator and the attached pneumatic vibrator of this vibration system 200 were compared using ground-penetrating radar and elastic wave method. The radar waveforms showed no significant difference. The results of the elastic wave method showed that the immersion vibrator was more compact than the pneumatic vibrator, especially in the area near the waterproofing liner.

[0084] During the construction of this vibratory compaction system, three consecutive slabs were randomly selected for testing, with two points measured on each slab. Surface and deep strength analyses were performed. For data on the acoustic rebound test of the lining arch strength before and after the modification of the lining trolley, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 11 It can be seen that the concrete strength before and after the modification meets the design requirements; however, comparing the data, the strength of the surface and deep layers of the lining after modification is less differentiated and basically consistent, while the strength of the surface and deep layers of the lining before modification is more differentiated. This is related to the inadequate vibration of the concrete, which leads to uneven distribution of aggregates. Therefore, the strength of the deep area near the waterproofing liner of the arch of the lining after modification is slightly higher.

[0085] In summary, the vibration system and construction method provided by this invention can better improve the vibration effect of concrete in the side walls, arch area, arch top area, and both end areas of the steel formwork, thereby increasing the density of the concrete, preventing voids in the concrete, and reducing concrete defects in longitudinal construction joints and circumferential construction. This effectively improves the overall pouring quality of the secondary lining concrete, prevents voids in the arch top concrete, ensures that the concrete strength is basically consistent inside and out, and has a small strength dispersion value.

[0086] Tunnel lining trolley example

[0087] The tunnel lining trolley includes the vibration system described in the above-mentioned vibration system embodiment, and the construction method of the above-mentioned vibration system is used to construct the secondary lining of the tunnel. It can be seen that the tunnel lining trolley using the vibration system and its construction method can improve the overall pouring quality of the secondary lining concrete, ensure the compactness and uniformity of the concrete strength, and prevent the concrete at the arch from becoming void. In addition, it can also ensure that the concrete strength is basically consistent inside and outside, and the strength dispersion value is small.

[0088] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration system, comprising a steel formwork having two construction zones symmetrically arranged about a plane of symmetry, wherein the height direction and axis of the steel formwork are both on the plane of symmetry, characterized in that: Each of the aforementioned construction areas is equipped with multiple layers of pouring windows, multiple sets of first vibration groups, at least one set of second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth vibration groups; The multiple casting windows are distributed circumferentially along the steel formwork, and each casting window includes a plurality of inlets distributed along a first direction, which is parallel to the axis. The construction area has a side arch, a first end, and a second end. Along the first direction, the side arch is located between the first end and the second end. The first vibration group and the second vibration group are both arranged in the side arch. Multiple groups of the first vibration group are arranged alternately with multiple layers of the pouring windows along the circumferential direction. The first vibration group includes multiple first pneumatic vibrators distributed along the first direction, and the second vibration group includes multiple second pneumatic vibrators distributed along the first direction. Both the third and fifth vibration groups are disposed on the first end. The third vibration group includes a plurality of third pneumatic vibrators distributed along the circumferential direction, and the fifth vibration group includes at least one first insert vibrator. Both the fourth and sixth vibration groups are disposed on the second end. The fourth vibration group includes a plurality of fourth pneumatic vibrators distributed along the circumferential direction, and the sixth vibration group includes at least one second insert vibrator. In the height direction, the height of the lowest first vibrating group is less than the height of the bottom pouring window, the second vibrating group is located above the top pouring window, the fifth vibrating group is located above the third vibrating group, and the sixth vibrating group is located above the fourth vibrating group. In the circumferential direction, two adjacent first pneumatic vibrators are staggered, and one adjacent first pneumatic vibrator is staggered with one second pneumatic vibrator. The arch of the steel formwork is provided with a plurality of third insert vibrators distributed along the first direction and a plurality of grouting holes distributed along the first direction, and the plurality of third insert vibrators and the plurality of grouting holes are all located on the symmetrical plane. In the height direction, the minimum distance between the third pneumatic vibrator and the low side wall is between 0.8 meters and 1 meter, the minimum distance between the fourth pneumatic vibrator and the low side wall is between 0.8 meters and 1 meter, and the minimum distance between the first pneumatic vibrator and the low side wall is between 0.8 meters and 1 meter. The vibration radius of the first pneumatic vibrator is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; The vibration radius of the second pneumatic vibrator is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; The vibration radius of the third pneumatic vibrator is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; The vibration radius of the fourth pneumatic vibrator is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters; The vibration radius of the first immersion vibrator is between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; The vibration radius of the second immersion vibrator is between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; The vibration radius of the third immersion vibrator is between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; The tamping radius of the first pneumatic vibrator engages with the tamping radius of other adjacent vibrators; the tamping radius of the second pneumatic vibrator engages with the tamping radius of other adjacent vibrators; the tamping radius of the third pneumatic vibrator engages with the tamping radius of other adjacent vibrators; the tamping radius of the fourth pneumatic vibrator engages with the tamping radius of other adjacent vibrators; the tamping radius of the first immersion vibrator engages with the tamping radius of other adjacent vibrators; the tamping radius of the second immersion vibrator engages with the tamping radius of other adjacent vibrators; the tamping radius of the third immersion vibrator engages with the tamping radius of other adjacent vibrators. In the first direction, the distance between two adjacent feed inlets is between 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, and the distance between two adjacent injection holes is between 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters; Each of the construction areas is equipped with at least one handheld immersion vibrator.

2. The vibration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the circumferential direction, the first vibratory group located between two adjacent pouring windows is positioned close to the pouring window of the lower-height layer among the two adjacent pouring windows.

3. The vibration system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Along the first direction, the length of the steel formwork is between 10 meters and 14 meters.

4. The vibratory compaction system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In each of the construction zones, there are three layers of pouring windows, three sets of the first vibration group, and two sets of the second vibration group; In the circumferential direction, two adjacent second pneumatic vibrators are staggered.

5. The vibratory compaction system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of material inlets in each layer of the casting window is four, and three of the material inlets in each layer of the casting window are located in the side arch, and the remaining material inlet is located in the first end or the second end. In the circumferential direction, two adjacent material inlets are staggered. The number of the first pneumatic vibrator in the first vibrating group of each group is three; The number of the second pneumatic vibrators in each second vibrating group is three.

6. The vibratory compaction system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of the third pneumatic vibrators in each group of the third vibrating group is four; The number of the fourth pneumatic vibrators in each group of the fourth vibrating group is four; The fifth vibratory group includes two first insert vibrators distributed along the circumferential direction; The sixth tamping group includes two second insert-type vibrators distributed along the circumferential direction; The number of the third type of insert vibrator is four; The number of injection holes is three; Along the first direction, the length of the steel template is 12 meters.

7. A tunnel lining trolley, characterized in that, The vibratory system includes any one of claims 1 to 6.

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