Downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the orebody

Abstract

The present invention provides a downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body. The mining sequence in the middle section is from top to bottom, and the mining work of each sublevel is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous sublevel. Moreover, when mining in the middle section, a control layer is first formed by the drift filling method. The drifts are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, the stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, and the stope is divided into two steps of mining, namely the ore room and the ore pillar. Medium-deep hole drilling is adopted, with safe personnel operation, high stope production efficiency, simple production organization, low mining cost, and it is also suitable for using efficient mechanized mining equipment. The present invention can provide reference for the mining of low-grade ore bodies with broken surrounding rocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine exploitation, and more specifically, to a downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of an ore body. Background Art

[0002] For the exploitation of inclined, fractured, and medium-thick ore bodies, due to the complex exploitation technical conditions, in order to ensure the safety of stoping, the downward slicing drift filling method and the downward hexagonal drift cemented filling mining method are mainly adopted, and the stoping sequence is from top to bottom. Such mining methods generally have the characteristics of high production operation cost, small stope production capacity, and low stope production efficiency. Moreover, when stoping low-value and low-grade ore bodies, due to the high production cost of such mining methods, a large amount of mineral resources will be wasted.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to study an efficient low-cost mining process to recover such resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of an ore body, which operates under an artificial false roof, uses medium-deep hole rock drilling and blasting, reduces the mining cost, and improves the stope production capacity.

[0005] The downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body provided by the present invention includes the following five stages:

[0006] Panel and stope layout stage; wherein, the sublevel adopts a stoping sequence from top to bottom, and the stoping work of each sublevel is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous sublevel; moreover, when stoping the sublevel, a control layer is first formed by the drift filling method, the drift is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, the stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, and the stope is divided into two steps of stoping, namely the ore room and the ore pillar.

[0007] Development and cutting engineering stage; wherein, the development engineering is arranged according to the stability degree of the footwall surrounding rock.

[0008] Rock drilling, ventilation, and ore drawing stage; wherein, the rock drilling uses a medium-deep hole rock drilling jumbo to drill upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes, the fresh air flow after blasting is pressed into the stope by a local fan, and the blasted ore is concentrated at the bottom of the stope for ore drawing.

[0009] Stope support stage, which is used for supporting the stope roof during ore drawing.

[0010] Stope filling stage, which is used for filling the ore room, the artificial false roof for the next sublevel, and the sidewall during the stoping of the ore pillar with cemented filling materials after the ore drawing in the stope is completed.

[0011] Among them, an optional solution is that during the middle-section mining, the roof of the controlled top layer is supported by bolt-shotcrete-net, and steel bars are laid on the floor.

[0012] Among them, an optional solution is that the size of the drift is width * height = 5m * 4m.

[0013] Among them, an optional solution is that during the mining process of the two-step stope, the shape of the mined ore room is an inverted trapezoid, and the shape of the mined ore pillar is a regular trapezoid; the length of the ore room and the ore pillar are arranged along the strike of the ore body, and are arranged staggeredly with the controlled top layer.

[0014] Among them, an optional solution is that the length of the stope is 5m, the width is the thickness of the ore body, the ore room is mined first, and then the ore pillar is mined.

[0015] Among them, an optional solution is that when the footwall surrounding rock is relatively broken and the hanging wall surrounding rock is relatively stable, the development engineering is arranged on the hanging wall of the ore body; when the footwall surrounding rock is relatively stable, the development engineering is arranged on the footwall of the ore body.

[0016] Among them, an optional solution is that the development engineering includes a development ramp, sectional drifts, ore-drawing drifts, drilling drifts, ore passes, filling connection drifts, and filling ventilation pipe and cable shafts; among them, the sectional drifts are arranged outside the hanging wall vein, and are connected to the upper and lower parts through the development ramp, and the ore-drawing drift and the drilling drift are driven from the sectional drift to the footwall of the ore body; the filling ventilation pipe and cable shaft includes an intake raise and an exhaust raise; the cutting engineering includes a cutting raise.

[0017] Among them, an optional solution is that in the end of the drilling drift, sublevel cut holes are blasted with the cutting raise as the free face in several times of blasting, and retreating mining is carried out; after centralized blasting for ore caving, fresh air flows through the development ramp and the intake raise into each sectional drift and drilling drift, and fresh air is forced into the stope by a local fan, and then the polluted air is discharged to the return airway through the exhaust raise arranged outside the vein; the blasted ore is collected at the bottom of the stope by a remote-controlled LHD and unloaded into the ore pass outside the vein and then lowered to the middle-section haulage roadway.

[0018] Among them, an optional solution is that during the stope support stage, the drilling drift, the sectional drift and the filling connection drift are supported by bolt-shotcrete-net, and the local broken places are supported by the combination of bolt-shotcrete-net and cable bolts.

[0019] Among them, an optional solution is that during the stope filling stage, the ore room is filled with cemented fill with a fill slurry concentration of 78% and a cement-sand ratio of 1:4; the ore pillar is filled in two sections. Among them, as the artificial false roof of the next section, the lower part is filled with cemented fill with a fill slurry concentration of 78% and a cement-sand ratio of 1:4, and the upper part is filled with cemented fill with a fill slurry concentration of 78% and a cement-sand ratio of 1:10.

[0020] Using the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the orebody strike according to the present invention above, through the downward sublevel filling method arranged along the orebody strike, the mining sequence of the middle section is from top to bottom, and the mining operation is carried out under a high-strength artificial roof. When mining the middle section, first use the drift filling method to form a control layer. The drift is arranged perpendicular to the orebody strike, the stope is arranged along the orebody strike, and the stope is divided into two steps of mining the ore room and the ore pillar; Medium-deep hole drilling and blasting are adopted, with safe personnel operation, high stope production efficiency, simple production organization, low mining cost, and it is also suitable for using efficient mechanized mining equipment. The invention patent of the present invention belongs to a new type of safe and efficient mining technology.

[0021] To achieve the above and related purposes, one or more aspects of the present invention include features that will be described in detail later and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings detail certain exemplary aspects of the present invention. However, these aspects indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the present invention can be used. In addition, the present invention is intended to include all these aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] By referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the content of the claims, and with a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and easier to understand. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the orebody strike according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figures 2a to 2c is a schematic diagram of the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the orebody strike when the development engineering is arranged on the hanging wall according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figures 3a to 3c is a schematic diagram of the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the orebody strike when the development engineering is arranged on the footwall according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In all the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate similar or corresponding features or functions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] In the following description, for the purpose of illustration, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of one or more embodiments, many specific details are set forth. However, it is obvious that these embodiments can also be implemented without these specific details. In other examples, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form for the convenience of describing one or more embodiments.

[0028] In view of the problems commonly existing in the above-mentioned existing mining methods, the present invention proposes a downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body. Among them, in the middle section, the stoping sequence is from top to bottom, and the stoping work of each sublevel is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous sublevel; when stoping in the middle section, first use the drift filling method to form a control layer, the drifts are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, the stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, and the stope is divided into two steps of stoping, namely the ore room and the ore pillar. Then, medium-deep hole drilling is stably adopted to ensure the safety of personnel operations, reduce the mining cost, and improve the production capacity of the stope.

[0029] The following will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 The flowchart of the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figures 2a to 2c The schematic diagram of the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body when the development engineering is arranged on the hanging wall according to the present invention is shown. Figures 3a to 3c It is a schematic diagram of the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body when the development engineering is arranged on the footwall according to the embodiment of the present invention. In Figures 2a to 2c and Figures 3a to 3c In, 1 is a bolt, 2 is an anchor mesh, 3 is an artificial false bottom control layer, 4 is a transition layer, 5 is a drilling roadway, 6 is a cutting raise, 7 is a sublevel roadway, 8 is an ore-drawing roadway, 9 is a middle-section haulage roadway, 10 is a development ramp, 11 is an ore pass, 12 is a filling ventilation pipe and cable shaft, 13 is a filling connection roadway, 14 is a low-strength filling body, 15 is a high-strength filling body, and 16 is a blast hole.

[0031] As Figure 1 , Figures 2a to 2c and Figures 3a to 3c Collectively shown, the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body provided in this embodiment mainly includes the following five stages:

[0032] S110: The stage of arranging the panel and the stope; among them, in the middle section, the stoping sequence is from top to bottom, and the stoping work of each sublevel is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous sublevel; and when stoping in the middle section, first use the drift filling method to form a control layer, the drifts are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, the stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, and the stope is divided into two steps of stoping, namely the ore room and the ore pillar.

[0033] Specifically, as an example, when the middle section is mined, the access filling method is first used to form the top control layer. The access is arranged perpendicular to the ore body. The access size can be set to width * height = 5m * 4m according to the specific ore body conditions. The top plate of the top control layer is supported by anchor spraying nets, and the bottom plate is laid with anchor rods as reinforcement to form a reliable artificial false bottom. The stope is arranged along the strike, with a stope length of 50m and a width equal to the ore body thickness, divided into mine rooms (such as Figures 2a to 2c and Figures 3a to 3c As shown in A), ore pillars (such as Figures 2a to 2c and Figures 3a to 3c (As shown in B in the figure) Two-step stope recovery. Among them, the shape of the mine room in the first step recovery is an inverted trapezoid, which is conducive to improving the stability of the two sides of the stope, and the shape of the mine pillar in the second step recovery is a regular trapezoid. The shape of the mine room and the mine pillar is arranged in a trapezoidal shape, which can effectively improve the stability of the stope and the stability of the false roof of the entire segmented filling body.

[0034] In addition, the two sides of the mining area are filled with relatively high strength, which can maintain the stability of the mining area.

[0035] The mine rooms and pillars after filling are closely staggered, which can effectively improve the stability of the false roof of the entire segmented filling body; the length of the mine rooms and pillars are arranged along the direction of the ore body, staggered with the control top layer, the width of the mining area is the thickness of the ore body, and the mine rooms are mined first, followed by the pillars.

[0036] S120: Mining and cutting engineering stage; among them, the mining engineering is arranged according to the stability of the surrounding rock in the lower plate.

[0037] Specifically, as an example, when the surrounding rock of the lower plate is relatively broken and the surrounding rock of the upper plate is relatively stable, the mining project can be arranged in the upper plate of the ore body, such as the following Figures 2a to 2c When the surrounding rock of the lower wall is relatively stable, the mining project is usually arranged in the lower wall of the ore body, as shown in the following figure. Figures 3a to 3c shown.

[0038] In this embodiment, the mining project mainly includes the mining ramp 10, the segmented roadway 7, the mine roadway 8, the rock drilling roadway 5, the ore chute 11, the filling ventilation pipe and cable shaft 12, the filling connecting road 13, etc., wherein the filling ventilation pipe and cable shaft 12 includes the air intake skylight and the return air skylight. The cutting project includes the cutting skylight 6. Among them, the segmented roadway 7 is arranged outside the upper wall vein, and is connected with the upper and lower parts through the mining ramp 10, and the mine roadway 8 and the rock drilling roadway 5 are excavated from the segmented roadway 7 to the lower wall of the ore body. The stope adopts a flat bottom structure without top and bottom columns.

[0039] S130: rock drilling, ventilation, and mining phase; wherein, the rock drilling uses a medium-deep hole drilling trolley to drill upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes, and the fresh air flow after blasting is pressed into the mining area through the local fan, and the ore under blasting is concentrated at the bottom of the mining area for mining.

[0040] Specifically, as an example, a medium-deep hole rock drilling jumbo is used to drill upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes. The medium-deep holes for slotting are drilled at the end of the rock drilling roadway 5 with the cutting raise 6 as the free face, and blasted in batches, with retreating mining. During the process of blasting in batches, 3 to 4 rows are blasted each time. An emulsion explosive charging truck is used to load the emulsion explosive, and a non-electric detonation system is used for initiation.

[0041] After ore drawing by concentrated blasting, fresh air flows through the mining access ramp 10 and the intake raise into each sublevel roadway 7 and the rock drilling roadway 5, then is forced into the stope by a local fan, and the foul air is discharged to the return airway through the return raise arranged outside the vein. The blasted ore can be concentrated at the bottom of the stope by a remote-controlled LHD and unloaded into the ore pass 11 outside the vein, and then lowered to the crosscut haulage roadway 9.

[0042] S140: The stope support stage is used to support the stope roof during ore drawing.

[0043] The support treatment of the stope can be flexibly carried out according to the specific stope conditions. For example, bolt-shotcrete-mesh support is adopted in the rock drilling roadway 5, the sublevel roadway 7 and the filling connection roadway 13, and bolt-shotcrete-mesh + cable bolt combined support is adopted in local broken places. In addition, it should be noted that during ore drawing, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the stope roof, strictly implement the management measures of strong mining, strong ore drawing and strong filling, so as to reduce the exposure time of the roof and prevent the roof from caving and increasing the ore dilution rate.

[0044] S150: The stope filling stage is used to fill the ore room and ore pillar with cemented filling materials after the ore drawing in the stope is completed.

[0045] After the ore drawing in the stope is completed, the filling preparation and filling work need to be carried out immediately. During the filling preparation, the strength of the filling material can be determined according to the specific filling position. As an example, in this embodiment, for the ore room, a high-strength (filling material slurry concentration 78%, cement-sand ratio 1:4) cemented filling material is used for filling; for the ore pillar, it is filled in two sections. As the false roof of the lower section, a high-strength (filling material slurry concentration 78%, cement-sand ratio 1:4) cemented filling material is used for filling in the lower part, and a lower-strength (filling material slurry concentration 78%, cement-sand ratio 1:10) cemented filling material is used for filling in the upper part.

[0046] In another embodiment of the present invention, for the ore room, a high-strength (filling material slurry concentration 75%, cement-sand ratio 1:5) cemented filling material is used for filling; for the ore pillar, it is filled in two sections. As the false roof of the lower section, a high-strength (filling material slurry concentration 75%, cement-sand ratio 1:5) cemented filling material is used for filling in the lower part, and a lower-strength (cement-sand ratio 1:14) cemented filling material is used for filling in the upper part.

[0047] It should be noted that the paste filling slurry concentration and ash-sand ratio used for filling the ore rooms and pillars in the mining area can also be adjusted through filling tests according to actual on-site needs, and are not limited to the limitations in the above embodiments. Generally speaking, the filling slurry concentration is 70% - 82%, the ash-sand ratio of high-strength cemented fill is 1:3 - 1:8, and the ash-sand ratio of low-strength cemented fill is 1:10 - 1:18.

[0048] As described above with reference to the drawings, the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to the present invention is applicable to the mining of inclined, fractured, and medium-thick ore bodies, and the dip angle of the ore body is between 30° and 90°, and the thickness of the ore body is less than 20m.

[0049] In addition, the stoping sequence during the mine mining using the present invention can be determined according to the stability of the roof and floor of the ore body, and is not limited to the stoping sequence described in the above embodiments. For example, when the roof is relatively fractured, the stoping sequence from top to bottom is adopted; when the roof is relatively stable, the stoping sequence from bottom to top can be adopted.

[0050] Moreover, the intermediate section height, sublevel height, widths and heights of the ore rooms and pillars in the above embodiments of the present invention can all be optimized and adjusted according to the production status of the mine and the actual exposed rock mass quality index, and are not limited to the structural parameters in the drawings. Generally, the intermediate section height is taken as 60 - 100m, the sublevel height is taken as 15 - 30m, and the widths of the ore rooms and pillars are 10 - 20m.

[0051] It can be seen from the above embodiments that when using the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body provided by the present invention for mining, it is suitable to adopt automated mining equipment; the stope layout of the present invention draws on the principle of bionics, and the stopes backfilled with cemented filling bodies are arranged in a wedge-shaped and closely staggered manner, which can effectively improve the stability of the entire ore block; personnel and equipment operate in relatively stable drifts and do not need to enter the goaf, so safety can be guaranteed. The high-efficiency mining process provided by the present invention fully combines the advantages of caving method, filling method, and open stoping method, and has the characteristics of safety, economy, and high efficiency. Especially when mining low-grade and high-value strategic resources, it has significant economic benefits and can provide reference for the stoping of ore bodies with similar mining technical conditions.

[0052] As described above with reference to the drawings, the downward sublevel filling mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to the present invention is described by way of example. However, those skilled in the art should understand that various improvements can be made to the above-mentioned downward sublevel filling mining method proposed by the present invention without departing from the content of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the content of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body, characterized in that, It includes the following five stages: Panel and stope layout stage; among them, the sublevels adopt a top-down stoping sequence, and the stoping work of each slice is carried out under the protection of the artificial false roof of the previous slice; moreover, during the sublevel stoping, a control layer is first formed by the drift filling method. The drifts are arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike, the stopes are arranged along the ore body strike, and the stopes are divided into two-step stoping of ore rooms and ore pillars. The lengths of the ore rooms and the ore pillars are arranged along the ore body strike and are staggeredly arranged with the control layer; Development and cut-off engineering stage; among them, the development engineering is arranged according to the stability of the footwall surrounding rock; Drilling, ventilation, and ore drawing stage; among them, the drilling uses a medium-deep hole drilling jumbo to drill upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes. The fresh air flow after blasting is pressed into the stope by a local fan, and the blasted ore is concentrated at the bottom of the stope for ore drawing; Stope support stage, used for supporting the stope roof during ore drawing; Stope filling stage, used for filling the ore rooms, the artificial false roof of the next slice, and the sidewalls during the stoping of the ore pillars with cemented fill after the ore drawing in the stope is completed.

2. The downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the sublevel stoping, the roof of the control layer is supported by bolt-shotcrete-net, and the floor is reinforced with steel bars.

3. The downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to claim 2, characterized in that, The size of the drift is width * height = 5m * 4m.

4. The downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to claim 2, characterized in that, During the two-step stoping process of the stope, the shape of the mined ore room is an inverted trapezoid, and the shape of the mined frame pillar is a regular trapezoid.

5. The downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the stope is 5m, and the width is the thickness of the ore body. The ore room is mined first, and then the ore pillar is mined.

6. The downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the footwall surrounding rock is relatively broken and the hanging wall surrounding rock is relatively stable, the development engineering is arranged on the hanging wall of the ore body; When the footwall surrounding rock is relatively stable, the development engineering is arranged on the footwall of the ore body.

7. The downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to claim 5, characterized in that, The development engineering includes a development ramp, sublevel drifts, ore drawing drifts, drilling drifts, ore passes, filling connection drifts, and filling ventilation pipe and cable shafts; among them, the sublevel drifts are arranged outside the hanging wall vein and are connected up and down through the development ramp. The ore drawing drift and the drilling drift are driven from the sublevel drift to the footwall of the ore body; the filling ventilation pipe and cable shaft includes an intake raise and an exhaust raise; The cut-off engineering includes a cut-off raise.

8. The downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the end of the drilling drift, the cut-off raise is used as the free face to blast the slot medium-deep holes, and they are blasted in several times and mined in a retreating manner; After centralized blasting for ore caving, the fresh air flow enters each sublevel drift and drilling drift through the development ramp and the intake raise. The fresh air flow is pressed into the stope by a local fan, and the polluted air is discharged to the return airway through the exhaust raise arranged outside the vein; The blasted ore is concentrated at the bottom of the stope by a remote-controlled load-haul-dump and unloaded into the ore pass outside the vein and then lowered to the sublevel haulage airway.

9. The downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the stope support stage, the drilling drift, the sublevel drift, and the filling connection drift are supported by bolt-shotcrete-net, and the local broken places are supported by the combination of bolt-shotcrete-net and cable bolts.

10. The downward sublevel mining method arranged along the strike of the ore body according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the stope filling stage, The stope is filled with cemented backfill with a slurry concentration of 78% and a sand-cement ratio of 1:4; the ore pillar is filled in two stages. Among them, as the artificial false roof of the next stage, the lower part is filled with cemented backfill with a slurry concentration of 78% and a sand-cement ratio of 1:4, and the upper part is filled with cemented backfill with a slurry concentration of 78% and a sand-cement ratio of 1:10.

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