Method for TBM to Get out of Trouble during Tunnel Construction

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for a TBM to escape from trouble during tunnel construction, which includes the following steps: Step 1: Expand and excavate the tunnel surrounding rock behind the shield to form a working area, and set a support structure for the tunnel surrounding rock in the working area for support; Step 2: Construct extended grouting anchor pipes above the shield and the cutter head from the working area and grout to reinforce the tunnel surrounding rock above the cutter head and the shield; Step 3: Excavate a longitudinal pilot tunnel from the relatively stable area of the collapsed surrounding rock above the shield to the position above the front of the cutter head, and reinforce it through the first support structure; Step 4: Excavate an annular pilot tunnel along the outer circumference of the shield or the cutter head through the longitudinal pilot tunnel and support and reinforce it through the second support structure; Step 5: In the working area, longitudinally excavate support pilot tunnels from both sides of the shield until they are connected to the annular pilot tunnel and support and reinforce them through the third support structure; Step 6: The TBM slowly passes through the collapsed surrounding rock area. The present invention achieves the purpose of enabling the TBM to escape from trouble by excavating pilot tunnels and setting temporary support structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and more specifically, to a method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] In the process of long tunnel construction, TBM is widely used for excavation for the sake of efficiency, environmental protection and safety. However, due to geological influences, when excavating through poor geological sections, the TBM is often stuck due to the extreme fragmentation of the surrounding rock. After some TBM jam accidents, the TBM was forced to abandon the TBM and reroute due to the failure of TBM escape, which caused great losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a TBM escape method. Summary of the invention

[0003] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction, which achieves the purpose of escaping the TBM by excavating the collapsed surrounding rock near the shield and the cutterhead and setting up a supporting structure to support and reinforce the collapsed surrounding rock part and separate it from the shield and the cutterhead.

[0005] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Expand the tunnel surrounding rock behind the shield to form a working area, and set up a supporting structure to support the tunnel surrounding rock in the working area;

[0007] Step 2: Extend the grouting anchor pipe from the working area above the shield and cutterhead and inject grouting to reinforce the tunnel surrounding rock above the cutterhead and shield;

[0008] Step 3: excavate a longitudinal pilot tunnel from the relatively stable area of ​​collapsed surrounding rock above the shield to the position above the cutterhead, and support and reinforce it through the first support structure;

[0009] Step 4: Detect the collapsed area above the shield or cutterhead to determine the area to be excavated and supported, dig a circular guide hole along the outer circle of the shield or cutterhead through the longitudinal guide hole, and support and reinforce it through the second support structure;

[0010] Step 5: In the working area, a supporting guide hole is excavated longitudinally from both sides of the shield until it is connected with the annular guide hole and reinforced by the third supporting structure;

[0011] Step 6: The TBM slowly passes through the collapsed surrounding rock area.

[0012] Preferably, in the TBM escape method during tunnel construction, the support structure includes a plurality of grouting anchor pipes inserted into the surrounding rock of the tunnel and a plurality of support plates connected to the plurality of grouting anchor pipes.

[0013] Preferably, in the method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction, in step 3, the first supporting structure is formed by a plurality of first supporting frames arranged front and back and detachably connected, and the first supporting frame comprises:

[0014] A first rectangular support box with front and rear openings, wherein the top wall and the bottom wall of the first support box are provided with first through holes, a first grouting anchor pipe with the top end inserted into the tunnel surrounding rock is inserted into the first through hole, and a plurality of first mud holes are provided on the top wall of the first support box;

[0015] A first support leg with adjustable length, which is in multiple numbers and all arranged at the bottom of the first support box, the bottom end of the first support leg abuts against the shield or the knife disc to support the first support box;

[0016] A plurality of the first support boxes are arranged front to back, and the tail end of the preceding first support box is detachably connected to the head end of the following first support box;

[0017] The bottom of each first grouting anchor pipe is detachably connected to the side wall of the same first ventilation pipe, the tail end of the first ventilation pipe is connected to the blower, and the head end extends toward the direction of the depth of the longitudinal guide tunnel. The side wall of the first ventilation pipe is connected to a plurality of first wind direction pipes, and the air outlet of each first wind direction pipe blows air obliquely toward the direction of the depth of the longitudinal guide tunnel.

[0018] When multiple first support frames are connected, the first ventilation pipe is installed at the bottom of the first grouting anchor pipe, and then the opening of the frontmost first support box is closed, and then mud concrete is poured from the opening of the rearmost first support box until the mud concrete fills multiple first support boxes, and grouting is injected through the first grouting anchor pipe at the same time, and then the hair dryer is turned on to supply air to the first ventilation pipe. After the mud concrete solidifies to reach the required support strength, the hair dryer is turned off and the first support leg is retracted to separate it from the shield or the cutter head.

[0019] Preferably, in the method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction, the first support leg comprises a connecting rod and a support rod, both the connecting rod and the support rod are provided with external threads, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the first support box, and the other end is detachably connected to the support rod through an internal threaded tube;

[0020] In step three, the support rods are removed after the slurry concrete solidifies to reach the required support strength.

[0021] Preferably, in the TBM escape method in tunnel construction, the tail end of the first support box is provided with a plug plate and the inner head end is provided with a slot, and the plug plate of the previous first support box is plugged into the slot of the next first support box for connection and limiting of multiple first support boxes.

[0022] Preferably, in the method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction, in step 4, the second support structure is formed by a plurality of second support frames connected in parallel and detachably, and the second support frames include:

[0023] A second arc-shaped support box opened on the left and right sides, wherein the second support box has second through holes on its top and bottom walls, wherein a second grouting anchor pipe having a top end inserted into the tunnel surrounding rock is inserted into the second through hole, and a plurality of second mud holes are arranged on the top wall of the second support box;

[0024] A plurality of second support legs with adjustable lengths, all of which are arranged at the bottom of the second support box, and the bottom ends of the second support legs abut against the shield or the knife disc to support the second support box;

[0025] A plurality of the second support boxes are arranged in a left-right circular pattern, and the right end of the left second support box is detachably connected to the left end of the right second support box;

[0026] The bottom of each second grouting anchor pipe is detachably connected to the side wall of the same second ventilation pipe, the tail end of the second ventilation pipe is detachably connected to the air outlet of the corresponding first wind direction pipe, and the head end extends toward the direction of the depth of the annular guide tunnel. The side wall of the second ventilation pipe is connected to a plurality of second wind direction pipes, and the air outlet of each second wind direction pipe blows air obliquely toward the direction of the depth of the annular guide tunnel.

[0027] When the connection of multiple second support frames is completed, the second ventilation pipe is installed at the bottom of the second grouting anchor pipe, and then the opening of the lowest second support box is closed, and then mud concrete is poured through the uppermost second support box until the mud concrete fills multiple second support boxes, and grouting is performed through the second grouting anchor pipe at the same time, and then the hair dryer is turned on to supply air to the first ventilation pipe and the second ventilation pipe. After the mud concrete solidifies to reach the required support strength, the hair dryer is turned off, and the first ventilation pipe and the second ventilation pipe are removed at the same time, and the second support leg is retracted to separate the shield or the cutter head.

[0028] Preferably, in the TBM escape method in tunnel construction, the first supporting structure and the second supporting structure at the connection point between the longitudinal guide tunnel and the annular guide tunnel are fixedly connected.

[0029] Preferably, in the TBM escape method during tunnel construction, the annular guide tunnel and the supporting guide tunnel are excavated simultaneously, and the second support structure and the third support structure at the connection point between the supporting guide tunnel and the annular guide tunnel are fixedly connected.

[0030] Preferably, in the TBM escape method in tunnel construction, the third support structure includes a plurality of brackets arranged in front and behind and a plurality of load-bearing plates located above the brackets.

[0031] Preferably, in the TBM escape method in tunnel construction, the support is a U-shaped structure composed of horizontal bars and vertical channel steels, and stiffening rods are provided between different channel steels on the same side.

[0032] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. In the present invention, a support structure is arranged in the working area behind the shield, which can effectively prevent the surrounding rock of the tunnel in the working area from collapsing;

[0034] Second, the present invention sets a lengthened grouting anchor pipe in the tunnel surrounding rock above the shield and the cutterhead in the working area and fixes it with grouting, which can effectively reinforce the tunnel surrounding rock structure and prevent it from collapsing easily again;

[0035] 3. The present invention removes the collapsed surrounding rock near the shield and the cutterhead by digging a pilot tunnel and setting up a support structure to support and separate it from the shield and the cutterhead, thereby effectively achieving the purpose of TBM escape.

[0036] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of the TBM escape construction structure in tunnel construction in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a partial main structural schematic diagram of the TBM escape construction structure in tunnel construction in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of the first support frame in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the second support frame in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the first ventilation pipe and the second ventilation pipe in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0043] It should be understood that terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0044] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, set, or detachably connected, set, or connected and set in one piece. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific circumstances. The orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0045] In one of the technical solutions, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a method for TBM escape in tunnel construction, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Expand the tunnel surrounding rock 5 behind the shield 9 to form a working area 8, and set a supporting structure 7 to support the tunnel surrounding rock 5 in the working area 8;

[0047] The support structure 7 includes a plurality of grouting anchor pipes 6 inserted into the tunnel surrounding rock 5 and a plurality of support plates connected to the plurality of grouting anchor pipes 6; the grouting anchor pipes 6 are first inserted into the tunnel surrounding rock 5 and grouting is performed for reinforcement, and then the support plates are connected to the grouting anchor pipes 6 by fixing screws and nuts or by welding;

[0048] Step 2: Extend the grouting anchor pipe 1 from the working area 8 above the shield 9 and the cutter head 10 and inject grout to reinforce the tunnel surrounding rock 5 above the cutter head 10 and the shield 9;

[0049] In this step, the extended grouting anchor pipe 1 is inserted horizontally or obliquely upward from the working area 8 into the tunnel surrounding rock 5 above the shield 9 and the cutter head 10 and grouting is performed to reinforce the tunnel surrounding rock 5. The longitudinal penetration length of the extended grouting anchor pipe 1 is greater than the sum of the longitudinal lengths of the shield 9 and the cutter head 10.

[0050] Step 3: Excavate a longitudinal pilot tunnel 11 from the relatively stable area of the collapsed surrounding rock 3 above the shield 9 to the position above the cutter head 10, and reinforce it through the first support structure 2;

[0051] Among them, the first support structure 2 is detachably connected by arranging a plurality of first support frames in the front and back. The first support frame includes:

[0052] A cuboid first support box 17 with open fronts and rears. First through holes are provided on the top wall and the bottom wall of the first support box 17. A first grouting anchor pipe 4 with its top end inserted into the tunnel surrounding rock 5 is inserted into the first through holes. A plurality of first slurry holes are provided on the top wall of the first support box 17;

[0053] First support legs with adjustable lengths, which are multiple and are all arranged at the bottom of the first support box 17. The bottom ends of the first support legs abut against the shield 9 or the cutter head 10 to support the first support box 17;

[0054] A plurality of the first support boxes 17 are arranged in the front and back, and the tail end of the previous first support box 17 is detachably connected to the head end of the next first support box 17;

[0055] The bottom of each first grouting anchor pipe 4 is detachably connected to the side wall of the same first ventilation pipe 12. The tail end of the first ventilation pipe 12 is connected to a blower, and the head end extends in the direction of the deep part of the longitudinal pilot tunnel 11 being excavated. A plurality of first air ducts 26 are communicated with the side wall of the first ventilation pipe 12. The air outlet of each first air duct 26 blows obliquely in the direction of the deep part of the longitudinal pilot tunnel 11 being excavated;

[0056] During construction, while excavating the longitudinal pilot tunnel 11, the first support frames are erected. First, the first support box 17 is supported and fixed by the first support legs, and then the first grouting anchor pipe 4 is inserted into the first through holes until it penetrates deep into the tunnel surrounding rock 5;

[0057] After a plurality of first support frames are connected, the first ventilation pipe 12 is installed at the bottom of the first grouting anchor pipe 4. Then, the open end of the foremost first support box 17 is closed. Then, slurry concrete is poured from the open end of the rearmost first support box 17 until the slurry concrete fills a plurality of first support boxes 17. At the same time, grouting is carried out through the first grouting anchor pipe 4. Then, the blower is turned on to make the first ventilation pipe 12 supply air. After the slurry concrete is consolidated to reach the required support strength, the blower is turned off and the first support legs are retracted to separate them from the shield 9 or the cutter head 10; the open end of the foremost first support box 17 can be sealed by welding a sealing plate before installing this first support box 17;

[0058] Step 4: Detect the collapsed area above the shield 9 or the cutter head 10 to determine the area that needs to be excavated and supported. Excavate an annular pilot tunnel along the outer circumference of the shield 9 or the cutter head 10 through the longitudinal pilot tunnel 11 and support and reinforce it with the second support structure 15;

[0059] Among them, the second support structure 15 is formed by detachably connecting a plurality of second support frames in parallel. The second support frame includes:

[0060] An arc-shaped second support box 23 with open ends on the left and right. Second through holes are provided on the top wall and the bottom wall of the second support box 23. A second grouting anchor pipe 14 with its top end inserted into the tunnel surrounding rock 5 is inserted into the second through holes. A plurality of second slurry holes are provided on the top wall of the second support box 23;

[0061] Second support legs with adjustable lengths, which are multiple and are all arranged at the bottom of the second support box 23. The bottom ends of the second support legs abut against the shield 9 or the cutter head 10 to support the second support box 23;

[0062] A plurality of the second support boxes 23 are arranged in a left-right annular pattern, and the right end of the left second support box 23 is detachably connected to the left end of the right second support box 23;

[0063] The bottom of each second grouting anchor pipe 14 is detachably connected to the side wall of the same second ventilation pipe 16. The tail end of the second ventilation pipe 16 is detachably connected to the air outlet of the corresponding first air duct 26, and the head end extends in the direction of the deeper part of the annular pilot tunnel. A plurality of second air ducts 28 are communicated with the side wall of the second ventilation pipe 16. The air outlet of each second air duct 28 blows air obliquely in the direction of the deeper part of the annular pilot tunnel;

[0064] During construction, the second support frame is erected while excavating the annular pilot tunnel. First, the second support box 23 is supported and fixed by the second support legs, and then the second grouting anchor pipe 14 is inserted into the second through hole until it penetrates into the tunnel surrounding rock 5;

[0065] After a plurality of second support frames are connected, the second ventilation pipe 16 is installed at the bottom of the second grouting anchor pipe 14, and then the open end of the lowermost second support box 23 is closed. Then, slurry concrete is poured into the uppermost second support box 23 until the slurry concrete fills a plurality of second support boxes 23. When the open ends on both the left and right sides of the uppermost second support box 23 are blocked, the side wall of the uppermost second support box 23 can be cut to create grouting holes. At the same time, grouting is carried out through the second grouting anchor pipe 14, and then the blower is turned on to make the first ventilation pipe 12 and the second ventilation pipe 16 supply air. After the slurry concrete is consolidated to reach the required support strength, the blower is turned off. At the same time, the first ventilation pipe 12 and the second ventilation pipe 16 are removed and the second support legs are retracted to separate the shield 9 or the cutter head 10;

[0066] Before air is supplied, the first end outlet of the first ventilation pipe 12 and the air outlet of the first wind direction pipe 26 that is not connected to the second ventilation pipe 16 can be selectively blocked to reduce resource consumption;

[0067] Step 5: In the working area, a supporting guide hole is excavated longitudinally from both sides of the shield 9 to connect with the annular guide hole and is supported and reinforced by the third supporting structure 13; at this time, the third supporting structure 13 at the connection point between the supporting guide hole and the annular guide hole is connected with the second supporting structure 15 to support the second supporting structure 15;

[0068] The third supporting structure 13 includes a plurality of brackets arranged in front and back and a plurality of load-bearing plates arranged in sequence and connected above the brackets, and the second support box 23 at the bottom of the second supporting structure 15 is connected to the load-bearing plate.

[0069] Step 6: The TBM slowly passes through the collapsed surrounding rock 3 area and escapes.

[0070] In the technical solution, the first grouting anchor pipe and the second grouting anchor pipe can be prefabricated according to the size of the construction environment, and can be connected in multiple sections, which can be rotated and propelled in sections by the electric lifting platform support motor;

[0071] In the technical solution, the first support structure is detachably connected through a plurality of first support frames, which is convenient for small space construction operations; a plurality of first mud holes are arranged on the top wall of the first support box, so that when the first support box is poured with mud concrete, the part that runs out through the first mud holes contacts the tunnel surrounding rock to strengthen the connection between the first support box and the tunnel surrounding rock; the length of the first support leg is adjustable to facilitate the separation of the first support structure from the shield or the cutterhead without affecting the rotation of the cutterhead and the movement of the shield; the second support structure is detachably connected through a plurality of second support frames, which is convenient for small space construction operations; a plurality of second mud holes are arranged on the top wall of the second support box, so that when the second support box is poured with mud concrete, the part that runs out through the second mud holes contacts the tunnel surrounding rock The surrounding rock is contacted to strengthen the connection between the second support box and the tunnel surrounding rock; the length of the second support leg is adjustable to facilitate the separation of the second support structure from the shield or cutter head without affecting the rotation of the cutter head and the movement of the shield; a first ventilation duct for air supply is arranged at the bottom of the first grouting anchor pipe, and the side wall of the first ventilation duct is connected to set a plurality of first wind direction ducts for blowing air in the direction of the deep digging of the guide tunnel, a second ventilation duct for air supply is arranged at the bottom of the second grouting anchor pipe, and the side wall of the second ventilation duct is connected to set a plurality of second wind direction ducts for blowing air in the direction of the deep digging of the guide tunnel, so as to accelerate the air flow in the guide tunnel, improve the solidification speed of the mud concrete, and a plurality of first wind direction ducts can be connected and used for the second ventilation ducts at different positions.

[0072] In another technical solution, Figure 3As shown, in the TBM escape method in tunnel construction, the first support leg includes a connecting rod 19 and a support rod 21, and both the connecting rod 19 and the support rod 21 are provided with external threads, one end of the connecting rod 19 is fixedly connected to the first support box 17, and the other end is detachably connected to the support rod 21 through an internal threaded tube 20;

[0073] In step three, the support rods 21 are removed after the slurry concrete solidifies to reach the required support strength.

[0074] In the technical solution, the connecting rod and the support rod are threadably connected via an internal threaded tube. When the connecting rod is fixed, the internal threaded tube can be rotated to make the support rod rotate synchronously to adjust the distance between the connecting rod and the support rod, that is, to adjust the length of the first support leg. When the first support leg ends, the connecting rod and the support rod are kept stationary, and only the internal threaded tube is rotated to move it toward the support rod until it is detached from the connecting rod. The internal threaded tube and the support rod can be removed to separate the first supporting structure from the shield or cutterhead, and the internal threaded tube and the support rod can be reused.

[0075] In another technical solution, Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, in the method for TBM escape in tunnel construction, the tail end of the first support box 17 is provided with a plug plate 18, and the inner head end is provided with a slot, and the plug plate 18 of the previous first support box 17 is plugged into the slot 16 of the next first support box 17 for connection and position limiting of multiple first support boxes 17. The cooperation of the plug plate and the slot prevents the adjacent first support boxes from moving and misaligning to affect the pouring of mud concrete.

[0076] In another technical solution, Figure 2 As shown, in the TBM escape method in tunnel construction, the second support structure 15 formed by connecting a plurality of the second support boxes 23 shares the same central axis with the shield 9 and the second support leg is coaxial with the diameter of the shield 9. The structure of the second support leg is the same as that of the first support leg, which is convenient for adjusting the length; the arc-shaped second support structure can disperse the force in multiple directions to enhance its bearing capacity.

[0077] In another technical solution, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5As shown, in the method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction, both the first ventilation pipe 12 and the second ventilation pipe 16 are telescopic pipes; a plurality of first lower connecting plates 25 are arranged on the outer wall of the first ventilation pipe 12 along its length direction, a first upper connecting plate 22 is arranged at the bottom of each first grouting anchor pipe 4, and each first upper connecting plate 22 is connected to its corresponding first lower connecting plate 25 by screws and nuts; a plurality of second lower connecting plates 27 are arranged on the outer wall of the second ventilation pipe 16 along its length direction, a second upper connecting plate 24 is arranged at the bottom of each second grouting anchor pipe 14, and each second upper connecting plate 24 is connected to its corresponding second lower connecting plate 27 by screws and nuts; a main connecting plate 30 is arranged on the periphery of the air outlet of the first wind direction pipe 26, the tail end opening of the second ventilation pipe 16 gradually narrows to be slightly larger than the air outlet of the first wind direction pipe 26, and a secondary connecting plate 29 is arranged on its periphery, the secondary connecting plate 29 is connected to its corresponding main connecting plate 30 by screws and nuts, and the tail end opening of the second ventilation pipe 16 is opposite to the air outlet of the corresponding first wind direction pipe 26. The telescopic tube can be bent and extended, so it is convenient to adjust the bending angle and length of the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct as needed; the first upper connecting plate and the first lower connecting plate, the second upper connecting plate and the second lower connecting plate, the main connecting plate and the secondary connecting plate are connected by a screw and nut structure, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly.

[0078] In another technical solution, in the method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction, the support is a U-shaped structure composed of a horizontal bar and a vertical channel steel, and a stiffening rod is arranged between different channel steels on the same side. The third support structure is assembled from multiple supports and load-bearing plates, and can be flexibly cut and adjusted in size according to needs.

[0079] In another technical solution, Figure 2 As shown, in the TBM escape method in tunnel construction, the first support structure 2 and the second support structure 15 at the connection point between the longitudinal guide tunnel 11 and the annular guide tunnel are fixedly connected. Specifically, the second support box of the second support structure closest to the first support structure is welded and fixed to the first support structure, so that the first support structure and the second support structure form a whole, and the stability of the entire support structure is strengthened.

[0080] In another technical solution, Figure 2 As shown, in the TBM escape method in tunnel construction, the annular guide tunnel and the support guide tunnel are excavated synchronously, and the second support structure 15 at the connection point between the support guide tunnel and the annular guide tunnel is fixedly connected to the third support structure 13. Specifically, the second support box of the second support structure closest to the third support structure is welded and fixed to the third support structure, so that the third support structure and the second support structure form a whole, and the support strength of the entire support structure is strengthened.

[0081] The number of devices and the processing scale described herein are used to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications, and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0082] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is not limited to specific details and the examples and embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. Method for TBM to get out of trouble during tunnel construction, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Expand and excavate the tunnel surrounding rock behind the shield to form a working area, and set up a support structure for the tunnel surrounding rock in the working area for support; Step 2: Construct extended grouting anchor pipes above the shield and the cutterhead from the working area and grout to reinforce the tunnel surrounding rock above the cutterhead and the shield; Step 3: Excavate a longitudinal pilot tunnel from the relatively stable area of the collapsed surrounding rock above the shield to the position above the front of the cutterhead, and reinforce it through the first support structure; The first support structure is detachably connected by arranging a plurality of first support frames in a front-to-back row. The first support frame includes: A cuboid first support box with openings at the front and back. First through holes are provided on the top wall and the bottom wall of the first support box. A first grouting anchor pipe with its top end inserted into the tunnel surrounding rock is inserted into the first through hole. A plurality of first mud holes are provided on the top wall of the first support box; First support legs with adjustable lengths, which are multiple and are all arranged at the bottom of the first support box. The bottom end of the first support leg abuts against the shield or the cutterhead to support the first support box; A plurality of the first support boxes are arranged in a front-to-back row, and the tail end of the previous first support box is detachably connected to the head end of the next first support box; The bottom of each first grouting anchor pipe is detachably connected to the side wall of the same first ventilation pipe. The tail end of the first ventilation pipe is connected to a blower, and the head end extends in the direction of the deeper part of the longitudinal pilot tunnel excavation. A plurality of first air direction pipes are communicated and arranged on the side wall of the first ventilation pipe. The air outlet of each first air direction pipe blows obliquely in the direction of the deeper part of the longitudinal pilot tunnel excavation; After a plurality of first support frames are connected, install the first ventilation pipe at the bottom of the first grouting anchor pipe, then close the opening of the frontmost first support box, and then pour slurry concrete from the opening of the rearmost first support box until the slurry concrete fills a plurality of first support boxes. At the same time, grout through the first grouting anchor pipe, then turn on the blower to make the first ventilation pipe supply air. After the slurry concrete consolidates to the required support strength, turn off the blower and retract the first support leg to separate it from the shield or the cutterhead; Step 4: Detect the collapsed area above the shield or the cutterhead to determine the area that needs to be excavated and supported. Excavate an annular pilot tunnel along the outer circumference of the shield or the cutterhead through the longitudinal pilot tunnel and support and reinforce it through the second support structure; Step 5: In the working area, longitudinally excavate support pilot tunnels from both sides of the shield to communicate with the annular pilot tunnel and support and reinforce them through the third support structure; Step 6: The TBM slowly passes through the area of the collapsed surrounding rock.

2. The method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support structure includes a plurality of grouting anchor pipes inserted into the tunnel surrounding rock and a plurality of support plates connected to the plurality of grouting anchor pipes.

3. The method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first support leg includes a connecting rod and a support rod. External threads are provided on both the connecting rod and the support rod. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the first support box, and the other end is detachably connected to the support rod through an internal thread pipe; In Step 3, after the slurry concrete consolidates to the required support strength, remove the support rod.

4. The method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail end of the first support box is provided with a plug board, and the inner head end is provided with a slot. The plug board of the previous first support box is inserted into the slot of the next first support box for connection and limit of a plurality of first support boxes.

5. The method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step four, the second support structure is formed by detachably connecting a plurality of second support frames in parallel. The second support frame includes: An arc-shaped second support box with open left and right sides. Second through holes are provided on the top wall and the bottom wall of the second support box. A second grouting anchor pipe with its top end inserted into the tunnel surrounding rock is inserted into the second through holes. A plurality of second mud holes are provided on the top wall of the second support box; Second support legs with adjustable lengths. A plurality of them are all arranged at the bottom of the second support box. The bottom ends of the second support legs abut against the shield or the cutter head to support the second support box; A plurality of the second support boxes are arranged in a left-right annular pattern, and the right end of the left second support box is detachably connected to the left end of the right second support box; The bottom of each second grouting anchor pipe is detachably connected to the side wall of the same second ventilation pipe. The tail end of the second ventilation pipe is detachably connected to the air outlet of the corresponding first air duct. The head end extends in the direction of the deeper part of the circular pilot tunnel. A plurality of second air ducts are communicated with the side wall of the second ventilation pipe. The air outlet of each second air duct blows obliquely in the direction of the deeper part of the circular pilot tunnel; After a plurality of second support frames are connected, install the second ventilation pipe at the bottom of the second grouting anchor pipe, then close the open side of the lowermost second support box, and then pour slurry concrete into the second support boxes through the uppermost second support box until the slurry concrete fills a plurality of second support boxes. At the same time, grout through the second grouting anchor pipe, then turn on the blower to make the first ventilation pipe and the second ventilation pipe supply air. After the slurry concrete consolidates to the required support strength, turn off the blower, and at the same time remove the first ventilation pipe and the second ventilation pipe and retract the second support legs to separate the shield or the cutter head.

6. The method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first support structure and the second support structure at the connection between the longitudinal pilot tunnel and the circular pilot tunnel are fixedly connected.

7. The method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circular pilot tunnel and the support pilot tunnel are excavated synchronously, and the second support structure at the connection between the support pilot tunnel and the circular pilot tunnel is fixedly connected to the third support structure.

8. The method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third support structure includes a plurality of brackets arranged front and back and a plurality of load-bearing plates located above the brackets.

9. The method for escaping a TBM in tunnel construction according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bracket is a U-shaped structure composed of a cross bar and a vertical channel steel, and stiffening bars are arranged between different channel steels on the same side.

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