Method for evaluating bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation, which belongs to the technical field of forging performance evaluation. It comprises: using additive manufacturing technology to perform a first hot press forging of multiple metal blanks along their axial direction to obtain forgings; heating the forgings to a first temperature and keeping the temperature, and performing a second hot press forging radially for each bonding interface; heating the forgings to a second temperature and keeping the temperature, and performing a third hot press forging radially for each bonding interface; heating the forgings to a third temperature and keeping the temperature, and performing a fourth hot press forging radially for the metal blank in the difficult-to-deform area, and judging whether the metal blank is suitable for additive manufacturing technology based on the bonding interface conditions. The present invention deforms the forging to its initial state by applying a reverse deformation force, and can quickly judge the effectiveness of using additive manufacturing technology to manufacture a certain metal material, thereby greatly improving the evaluation efficiency and accuracy of the bonding performance of forgings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forging performance evaluation, and in particular to a method for evaluating the bonding performance of additively manufactured blanks based on reverse deformation. Background Art

[0002] Additive billet technology is a new manufacturing technology for large metal forgings proposed to solve quality problems such as segregation, shrinkage, and shrinkage cavities caused by the inherent characteristics of metal casting. The specific steps include stacking multiple small-volume high-quality initial billets (such as cylindrical metal billets, forging billets, or rolled billets) to obtain a preform, and then vacuum-sealing the preform to weld the bonding interfaces between the multiple initial billets to obtain a composite billet. Finally, the composite billet is hot-pressed and composited to obtain a large-size high-quality composite steel ingot, so as to achieve the purpose of manufacturing large metal forgings with smaller billets, forging billets, or rolled billets. This additive billet technology can replace the traditional production model of "large castings to produce large forgings", and the large metal forgings produced can be comparable to electroslag products. At the same time, this additive billet technology can also be used for additive manufacturing of composite billets of dissimilar materials, with a wider range of applications.

[0003] The interfacial bonding in additive manufacturing technology is a key factor affecting the tensile, impact, shear, and fatigue properties of large metal forgings. Currently, to determine whether a metal material is suitable for additive manufacturing, it is usually necessary to prepare it into a forging and then conduct multi-point blind testing on the bonding interface of the forging specimen. For example, the bonding interface positions of two initial billets are arranged and sampled to obtain a large number of specimens. The bonding performance of the specimens at the bonding interface is then measured to reflect the bonding condition at the forging interface. This method is time-consuming and greatly wastes scientific research resources. In addition, multi-point blind testing usually cannot reflect the overall situation, resulting in low accuracy in the evaluation of bonding performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Using additive manufacturing technology, a plurality of columnar metal blanks are subjected to a first hot press forging along their axial direction to composite the bonding interface between two adjacent metal blanks to obtain a forging;

[0007] S2. The forging is heated to a first temperature and maintained at the first temperature. For each bonding interface, a second hot press forging is performed along the radial direction of the forging. The deformation rate of the second hot press forging is ≤ 5 mm / s and the deformation amount is ≤ 10%. Each bonding interface is observed for cracking. If cracking is found, the forging process is terminated. If not, the process proceeds to step S3.

[0008] S3. The forging is heated to the second temperature and kept at this temperature. For each bonding interface, a third hot press forging is performed along the radial direction of the forging. The deformation rate of the third hot press forging is ≥10 mm / s and the deformation amount is 50%. Each bonding interface is observed for cracking. If cracking is found, the forging process is terminated. If not, the process proceeds to step S4.

[0009] S4. The forging is heated to the third temperature and kept warm. For the metal blank in the difficult-to-deform area, a fourth hot press forging is performed along the radial direction of the forging. The deformation rate of the fourth hot press forging is ≥10 mm / s and the deformation amount is ≥30%. Whether cracks occur at each bonding interface is observed. Based on the bonding interface conditions, whether the metal blank is suitable for the additive manufacturing technology is determined.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific operations of step S1 include:

[0011] Stacking and forming a plurality of cylindrical metal blanks with clean surfaces to obtain a preform;

[0012] vacuum welding the preforms to weld the bonding interfaces between the plurality of metal blanks to obtain a composite blank;

[0013] The composite blank is heated to a temperature ≥ 0.7Tm, and a first hot press forging is performed along the axial direction of the composite blank to composite the bonding interface between two adjacent metal blanks to obtain the forging.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S1, the deformation speed of the first hot forging is 6-10 mm / s and the deformation amount is 50%.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, the first temperature is ≥0.8Tm and the insulation time is ≥1h; in step S3, the second temperature is ≥0.7Tm and the insulation time is ≥30min; in step S4, the third temperature is ≥0.7Tm and the insulation time is ≥30min.

[0016] Furthermore, in steps S2-S4, the forging is placed horizontally on an anvil, and the second to fourth hot press forgings are performed using a flat anvil.

[0017] Furthermore, the width of the flat anvil is greater than the height of the single metal blank after the first hot forging.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, the second hot press forging adopts multi-anvil deformation, the deformation amount of each anvil is ≤3%, and the total deformation amount is ≤10%.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S2, the total deformation of the second hot forging is 5%.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S3, the third hot press forging adopts multi-anvil deformation, the deformation amount of each anvil is 5%, and the total deformation amount is 50%.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S4, the difficult-to-deform area is the end portion of the forging.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The present invention first utilizes additive manufacturing technology to composite multiple columnar metal blanks into a short columnar forging, then applies a reverse deformation force to deform the forging to its initial state - a slender cylindrical shape, and judges the bonding performance and pressure bearing capacity of the metal blank bonding interface through two radial drawing deformations, and then judges the bonding performance and pressure bearing capacity of the metal blank bonding interface in the difficult-to-deform area through radial compression deformation. In this way, the effectiveness of using additive manufacturing technology to manufacture a certain metal material can be quickly judged, which greatly improves the evaluation efficiency and accuracy of the bonding performance at the forging bonding interface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a process for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the axial compression deformation of a forging according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the reverse deformation process of a forging according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. Instead, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method embodiments of the present invention may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. In addition, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

[0029] As used herein, the term "including" and its variations are open-ended, i.e., "including but not limited to." The term "based on" means "based, at least in part, on." The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; and the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments." The terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate.

[0030] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation, see Figure 1-3 , including the following steps:

[0031] S1. Axial compression deformation: Using additive manufacturing technology, multiple columnar metal blanks are subjected to a first hot press forging along their axial direction to composite the bonding interface between two adjacent metal blanks to obtain a forging;

[0032] S2. First-stage radial drawing deformation: The forging is heated to a first temperature and held at that temperature. After reaching the temperature, a second hot press forging is performed along the radial direction of the forging for each bonding interface. The deformation rate of the second hot press forging is ≤5 mm / s and the deformation amount is ≤10%. Each bonding interface is observed for cracking. If cracking is found, the forging process is terminated. If not, the process proceeds to step S3.

[0033] Step S3, second stage radial drawing deformation: The forging is heated to the second temperature and held at that temperature. After reaching the second temperature, a third hot press forging is performed along the radial direction of the forging for each bonding interface. The deformation rate of the third hot press forging is ≥10 mm / s and the deformation amount is 50%. The bonding interfaces are observed for cracking. If cracking is found, the forging process is terminated. If not, the process proceeds to step S4.

[0034] S4. Third stage radial compression deformation: The forging is heated to a third temperature and maintained at that temperature. After reaching the third temperature, the metal blank in the difficult-to-deform area is subjected to a fourth hot press forging along the radial direction of the forging. The deformation speed of the fourth hot press forging is ≥10 mm / s and the deformation amount is ≥30%. Whether cracks occur at each bonding interface is observed. Based on the bonding interface conditions, whether the metal blank is suitable for the additive manufacturing technology is determined.

[0035] See also Figure 2-3, where the black solid arrow indicates the deformation process of the forging. The present invention first uses the additive manufacturing technology to composite multiple columnar metal billets into a short columnar forging (see Figure 2 ), then apply the reverse deformation force to deform the forging to its initial state - slender cylindrical shape (see Figure 3 ), by observing whether cracks occur at each bonding interface during the process, the bonding performance between multiple columnar metal blanks is evaluated, and finally it is determined whether the metal blank is suitable for composite bonding using additive manufacturing technology. Specifically, the functions of each step are as follows:

[0036] First, an upsetting operation is performed in the axial direction to compress and deform the columnar metal blank (i.e., the first hot forging) to ensure the composite effect of the metal blank, which serves as the basis for evaluating the subsequent reverse deformation.

[0037] Secondly, the composite forging is returned to the furnace for heat preservation and heat-through, so that the metal blank becomes soft. On the one hand, it strengthens the composite effect of step S1. After the metal blank is compressed and deformed, the bonding interface is initially composited. Due to the short time of this deformation process, there will be certain deformation defects in the bonding interface. It cannot be well arranged at the atomic level at the microscopic level. The oxide film existing on the original cold surface is only broken, which will inevitably have a certain impact on the subsequent microstructure such as grain, oxide distribution and size. Therefore, the forging is sent to the heating furnace for heating and heat preservation to improve the metal fluidity of the bonding interface and promote interface composite; on the other hand, it is ensured that the forging is fully heated and maintains good forgeability, providing sufficient heat for the subsequent hot pressing forging step to perform plastic deformation. The first stage radial drawing deformation (i.e., the second hot pressing forging) is carried out along the radial direction of the forging, and the force covers the bonding interface and is perpendicular to the direction of the compression deformation force. In this way, the compressed forging can be reversely deformed, step by step, and elongated to the original slender cylindrical shape, promoting the cracking of the forging bonding interface, thereby being used to evaluate the composite effect of the metal blank. Since different metal materials react differently to compression deformation, in the first stage of radial drawing deformation (i.e., the second hot pressing forging), radial pre-deformation treatment is carried out using a small deformation rate and a small deformation amount, and the bonding interface at this time is observed. If the corresponding bonding interface cracks when using this small deformation rate and small deformation amount, it can be judged that the metal material is not suitable for additive manufacturing technology, and there is no need to perform subsequent large deformation amounts. At this time, the entire forging process is directly terminated to improve the evaluation efficiency. In addition, a certain amount of pre-deformation is given to form deformation energy storage at the interface to prevent the bonding interface of the forging from directly bearing large elongation deformation and breaking, so as to prepare for the large deformation rate and large deformation amount of the second stage of radial drawing deformation (i.e., the third hot pressing forging), thereby improving the objectivity and accuracy of the bonding interface performance evaluation.

[0038] Again, the forgings that have undergone radial pre-deformation are returned to the furnace for heat preservation and heat preservation to soften the metal blank, provide heat for subsequent large deformation, and ensure the deformation effect. The second stage of radial drawing deformation (i.e., the third hot forging) is consistent with the deformation direction of the first stage of radial drawing deformation. It adopts a large deformation rate and a large deformation amount. On the basis of the previous compounding and deformation, the degree of compounding of the metal blank can be basically determined. If no cracking occurs at the bonding interface at this time, it means that this metal material has achieved a good compounding effect and has a higher pressure-bearing capacity in the radial direction. If cracking occurs, it can be judged that the metal material is not suitable for additive manufacturing technology.

[0039] Finally, the difficult-to-deform area is selected, and a single-pass upsetting treatment is performed radially with a large deformation rate and large deformation amount. The force only acts on the metal blank located in the difficult-to-deform area and does not cover the bonding interface. In this way, one of the two adjacent metal blanks is pressed down, the diameter is reduced, and it is separated from the other metal blank, thereby causing the bonding interface to break. If there is no cracking at the bonding interface after this step, it means that the metal blank has indeed achieved a good composite effect; if cracking occurs, it means that although the forging has a high pressure-bearing capacity, there is still cracking sensitivity in the difficult-to-deform area, and the metal material is not suitable for additive manufacturing technology.

[0040] The present invention reversely deforms the prepared forging, judges the bonding performance and pressure bearing capacity of the metal blank bonding interface through two radial drawing deformations, and then judges the bonding performance and pressure bearing capacity of the metal blank bonding interface in the difficult-to-deform area through radial compression deformation. In this way, the effectiveness of using additive blanking technology to form a certain metal material can be quickly judged, which greatly improves the evaluation efficiency and accuracy of the bonding performance at the forging bonding interface, is conducive to the promotion and subsequent application of additive blanking technology, and promotes the transformation of large forging production technology.

[0041] It should be noted that, in the context of the present invention, the height and diameter refer to the height and diameter of the metal blank, composite blank and / or forging. The metal blank is cylindrical, the height direction is the axial direction of the cylindrical metal blank and / or forging, that is, the vertical direction, and the diameter direction is the radial direction of the cylindrical metal blank and / or forging, that is, Figure 2 Middle horizontal direction.

[0042] It should be noted that the deformation amount is calculated by dividing the height change before and after deformation by the initial height. Specifically, the calculation formula includes:

[0043] Deformation amount = (1-height of workpiece after deformation / height of workpiece before deformation) × 100%.

[0044] When deformation is performed in the axial direction in step S1, the deformation amount is the change in height of the forging before and after deformation divided by the height of the forging before deformation; when deformation is performed in the radial direction in steps S2, S3 and S4, the deformation amount is the change in diameter of the forging before and after deformation divided by the diameter of the forging before deformation.

[0045] Optionally, the specific operation of step S1 includes: stacking multiple clean-surface columnar metal blanks to form a preform; vacuum welding the preforms to weld the bonding interfaces between the multiple metal blanks to obtain a composite blank; heating the composite blank to a temperature greater than or equal to 0.7Tm, where Tm is the melting point of the metal material, and performing a first hot press forging along its axial direction to reduce the height of the composite blank and increase the diameter (i.e., increase the cross-sectional area) to composite the bonding interfaces between two adjacent metal blanks, and after the composite interfaces are composited, holding the pressure for a period of time (generally 30 minutes) and then demolding to obtain a columnar forging. Affected by the welding process, that is, before the metal blanks are compressed and composited, vacuum electron beam welding is usually used to form a weld seam, and a raised weld meat will be formed at the weld seam. After hot press forging, although the multiple metal blanks are composited to form an integrated structure, the weld seam between the adjacent two layers of metal blanks will be oxidized by the high temperature, and then a certain trace will remain, which can be directly observed by the naked eye.

[0046] In order to facilitate the observation of changes in the bonding interface in subsequent steps (whether cracking occurs), optionally, the deformation speed of the first hot forging in step S1 is 6-10 mm / s and the deformation amount is 50%. This parameter is an evaluation prerequisite set based on the results of previous experiments. At this time, the composite effect of the metal blank is good, and it can be ensured that the changes in the bonding interface are easy to observe during the deformation process of the forgings in subsequent steps S2-S4. If the deformation amount is too small, such as 40%, the composite effect after the first hot forging is not good, which will affect the objectivity of the evaluation results. If the deformation amount is too large, such as 60%, the change in the bonding interface is not obvious when the reverse deformation force is applied in the subsequent steps, which will also affect the objectivity of the evaluation results.

[0047] Optionally, in order to facilitate identification of the position of the bonding interface in subsequent steps, a special symbol such as an arrow or a marking line may be drawn near the bonding interface using a rubber tube for identification.

[0048] Optionally, in step S2, the first temperature is ≥0.8Tm and the holding time is ≥1h. A higher holding temperature is used to promote the forging interface composite after the first hot press forging in step S1 and provide sufficient heat and deformation conditions for the second hot press forging deformation.

[0049] Optionally, in step S3, the second temperature is ≥0.7Tm and the holding time is ≥30 min; in step S4, the third temperature is ≥0.7Tm and the holding time is ≥30 min. The second and third temperatures are greater than or equal to 0.7Tm, where Tm is the melting point in °C. After each hot press forging, inter-forging heating and holding are performed to ensure that the forging is fully heated after forging. This not only repairs changes in the interface microstructure caused by deformation in the previous step, but also provides sufficient heat for deformation in the subsequent step, ensuring forgeability.

[0050] Optionally, in steps S2-S4, the reverse deformation process is performed on an anvil. Specifically, the forging is placed horizontally on the anvil, and the second to fourth hot press forgings are performed using a flat anvil. Figure 3 The medium gray cube represents the flat anvil. The flat anvil's width is preferably greater than the height of the individual metal blanks after compression deformation. This ensures that the flat anvil's width fully covers the interface between the two metal blanks and that deformation traces from hot forging at adjacent interfaces intersect, ensuring full deformation of the forging as a whole. A smaller flat anvil width makes it difficult to fully elongate the interface axially, and the anvil's edges can easily cause compression deformation of a metal blank at the interface, similar to that in step S4, affecting the evaluation results.

[0051] During radial drawing, the flat anvil performs hot forging on each interface in turn. When the deformation at a particular interface reaches a set parameter, such as 5% in step S2, the flat anvil moves to the next interface and repeats this process until all interfaces have reached 5% deformation. The flat anvil only contacts one interface at a time, ensuring sufficient axial elongation and deformation force, while also facilitating evaluation of the combined effect of each interface during each drawing.

[0052] Optionally, in step S2, the second hot forging process utilizes multiple anvil cycles of deformation, with each anvil cycle having a deformation amount of ≤3% and a total deformation amount of ≤10%. Specifically, the total deformation amount may be 5%. The deformation amount per anvil cycle represents the deformation amount generated by each flat anvil downward pressure action. The total deformation amount is the sum of the deformation amounts of multiple anvil cycles. In this step, after heating to the first temperature and holding the temperature, the cumulative deformation amount reaches 5% through multiple anvil cycles of downward pressure, which is conducive to evaluating the composite effect of the bonding interface.

[0053] Optionally, in step S3, the third hot forging process uses multiple anvil deformations, with each anvil deformation amount being 5% and the total deformation amount being 50%. Using a large deformation amount in one pass (third temperature) is beneficial for checking the composite effect of the bonding interface. If multiple passes are used, the increase in the number of passes means repeated heating and insulation, which is beneficial to the bonding of the interface. In this case, it may be difficult to identify the bonding quality of the bonding interface.

[0054] Optionally, in step S4, the hard-to-deform area is the end of the forging. Figure 2 The top and bottom bonding interfaces generally have the smallest deformation and are difficult to deform. This phenomenon persists even when deforming in the mold. Taking a forging with a deformation of 50% as an example, the actual deformation of the bonding interfaces at these two locations is less than 50% when subjected to axial compression deformation, indicating poor bonding. Selecting this bonding interface as the evaluation benchmark can improve the accuracy of the evaluation. By compressing and deforming the metal blank in the difficult-to-deform area, the bonding condition of the two bonding interfaces at the end can be intuitively determined.

[0055] When it is necessary to more accurately judge whether the metal material is suitable for additive manufacturing technology, after step S4, the forging can be transferred to an annealing furnace and cooled to room temperature with the furnace, and further evaluated in combination with the microscopic evaluation standards of the forging bonding interface. Specifically, the microscopic evaluation standards include impact tests. Standard specimens are processed from the forgings, and impact tests are carried out to break the bonding interface. The fracture of the standard specimen after the impact test is well protected, and the bonding performance of the metal blank in additive manufacturing is evaluated by observing and analyzing the fracture surface. According to the test results of the impact test, accurate analysis of the bonding performance at the bonding interface can be achieved, and the accuracy of the evaluation can be improved. More specifically, according to the requirements of the national standard GB / T229, standard specimens can be subjected to room temperature impact tests and / or low temperature impact tests. The specific experimental methods and evaluation standards are prior art in this field and will not be repeated here.

[0056] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the scope of protection disclosed by the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Using additive manufacturing technology, a plurality of columnar metal blanks are subjected to a first hot press forging along their axial direction to composite the bonding interface between two adjacent metal blanks to obtain a forging; S2. The forging is heated to a first temperature and maintained at the first temperature. For each bonding interface, a second hot press forging is performed along the radial direction of the forging. The deformation rate of the second hot press forging is ≤ 5 mm / s and the deformation amount is ≤ 10%. Each bonding interface is observed for cracking. If cracking is found, the forging process is terminated. If not, the process proceeds to step S3. S3. The forging is heated to the second temperature and kept at this temperature. For each bonding interface, a third hot press forging is performed along the radial direction of the forging. The deformation rate of the third hot press forging is ≥10 mm / s and the deformation amount is 50%. Each bonding interface is observed for cracking. If cracking is found, the forging process is terminated. If not, the process proceeds to step S4. S4. The forging is heated to a third temperature and kept warm. For the metal blank in the difficult-to-deform area, a fourth hot press forging is performed along the radial direction of the forging. The deformation speed of the fourth hot press forging is ≥10 mm / s and the deformation amount is ≥30%. Whether cracks occur at each bonding interface is observed. Based on the bonding interface conditions, whether the metal blank is suitable for the additive manufacturing technology is determined. The difficult-to-deform area is the end of the forging and does not cover the bonding interface.

2. The method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operations of step S1 include: stacking a plurality of columnar metal blanks with clean surfaces to form a preform; vacuum welding the preforms to weld the bonding interfaces between the plurality of metal blanks to obtain a composite blank; The composite blank is heated to a temperature ≥ 0.7Tm, and a first hot pressing forging is performed along the axial direction of the composite blank to composite the bonding interface between two adjacent metal blanks to obtain the forging.

3. The method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the deformation speed of the first hot press forging is 6-10 mm / s and the deformation amount is 50%.

4. The method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the first temperature is ≥ 0.8Tm and the holding time is ≥ 1h; In step S3, the second temperature is ≥ 0.7Tm and the holding time is ≥ 30min; In step S4, the third temperature is ≥0.7Tm and the holding time is ≥30min.

5. The method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In steps S2-S4, the forging is placed horizontally on an anvil, and the second to fourth hot press forgings are performed using a flat anvil.

6. The method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The width of the flat anvil is greater than the height of the single metal blank after the first hot press forging.

7. The method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the second hot press forging adopts multi-anvil deformation, the deformation amount of each anvil is ≤3%, and the total deformation amount is ≤10%.

8. The method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S2, the total deformation amount of the second hot press forging is 5%.

9. The method for evaluating the bonding performance of additive manufacturing based on reverse deformation according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the third hot press forging adopts multi-anvil deformation, the deformation amount of each anvil is 5%, and the total deformation amount is 50%.

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