A performance test comprehensive system of thermal protection material

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of performance test comprehensive systems of heat protection material, belong to technical field;Solve the problem that the structure of existing heat protection material performance test device is complex and cannot test the performance of material centrally.It is the performance test comprehensive system of heat protection material of the present application, including high vacuum performance test system, thermal shock performance test system, high temperature performance test system, low temperature performance test system, first weighing device and first sample moving device;High temperature performance test system and low temperature performance test system are both arranged on the first test platform;First weighing device is arranged below first sample moving device and is connected, and first sample moving device can drive first weighing device to move between high temperature test system and low temperature test system.The present application can realize the thermal shock performance test of heat protection material under vacuum environment and oxygen environment and the performance test under low temperature and high temperature environment centrally.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heat protection material performance test equipment, and particularly relates to a heat protection material performance test comprehensive system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The heat protection material refers to a coating material coated on the surface of a substrate, which can isolate the substrate material from direct contact with an oxidizing atmosphere.

[0003] In the prior art, the thermal performance and oxidation performance of the heat protection material under various environments cannot be tested at one time. In addition, the results of the existing thermal shock device are complex, and the measurement results have low reliability. The high-temperature test device has problems of complex structure, uneven heating, and low heating efficiency for the sheet-shaped heat protection material sample. The low-temperature test system needs to be repeatedly filled with nitrogen, which leads to complicated operation. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above analysis, the present application aims to provide a heat protection material performance test comprehensive system to solve the problem that the existing heat protection material performance test device has a complex structure and cannot test the various performances of the material at one time.

[0005] The purpose of the present application is mainly achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides a heat protection material performance test comprehensive system, which comprises a high-vacuum performance test system, a thermal shock performance test system, a high-temperature performance test system, a low-temperature performance test system, a first weighing device, and a first sample moving device.

[0007] The high-temperature performance test system and the low-temperature performance test system are both arranged on a first test platform, and the high-vacuum performance test system and the thermal shock performance test system are both arranged on a second test platform. The first test platform and the second test platform are in the same working room.

[0008] The first weighing device is arranged below the first sample moving device and connected thereto. The first sample moving device can drive the first weighing device to move between the high-temperature test system and the low-temperature test system.

[0009] In a possible design, the high-vacuum performance test system comprises a high-vacuum heating device, and the high-vacuum heating device comprises a horizontal vacuum heating furnace.

[0010] The thermal shock performance test system comprises a thermal shock device, and the thermal shock device comprises a horizontal heating furnace.

[0011] The horizontal vacuum heating furnace and the horizontal heating furnace are both provided with a hollow tubular graphite heating body; the outer surfaces of the left end and the right end of the tubular graphite heating body are respectively provided with a first graphite sleeve and a second graphite sleeve which have the same structure, and the middle part of the outer surface of the tubular graphite heating body corresponds to an isothermal heating zone; the thermal protection material sample is placed in the isothermal heating zone through a sample bracket.

[0012] In a possible design, the outer surface of the second graphite sleeve is sleeved with a third graphite sleeve, and the outer surface of the third graphite sleeve is sleeved with a fourth graphite sleeve; the third graphite sleeve and the fourth graphite sleeve have the same structure and the lengths of the third graphite sleeve and the fourth graphite sleeve are both smaller than those of the first graphite sleeve and the second graphite sleeve.

[0013] The left ends of the tubular graphite heating body, the first graphite sleeve and the third graphite sleeve are arranged in alignment; the right ends of the tubular graphite heating body, the second graphite sleeve and the fourth graphite sleeve are arranged in alignment; the upper part of the third graphite sleeve is connected with an input electrode, and the upper part of the fourth graphite sleeve is connected with an output electrode.

[0014] The tubular graphite heating body is sleeved with a tubular heat insulation layer, the length of the tubular heat insulation layer is smaller than that of the tubular graphite heating body, and the left end and the right end of the tubular heat insulation layer correspond to cover part of the first graphite sleeve and part of the second graphite sleeve.

[0015] In a possible design, the high-vacuum performance test system further comprises a vacuum pump set and a first temperature measuring device; the vacuum pump set is used to vacuumize the high-vacuum heating device to a vacuum degree of ≤6.7*10 -6 Pa;

[0016] The first temperature measuring device is arranged outside the high-vacuum heating device and is used to measure the real-time temperature of the thermal protection material in the isothermal heating zone.

[0017] In a possible design, the high-vacuum performance test system further comprises a sample moving and weighing unit.

[0018] The sample moving and weighing unit comprises a pull rod, a counterweight, a 7-shaped support frame, a first lifting belt, a balance tray, an electronic balance, a balance hook, a second lifting belt and a clamp, and the clamp is used to clamp the thermal protection material sample.

[0019] The counterweight is arranged at the first end of the pull rod, the 7-shaped support frame is fixed at the second end of the pull rod, the support frame is arranged in the vertical direction, the first lifting belt is arranged at the top end of the 7-shaped support frame, the balance tray is fixed below the first lifting belt, the electronic balance is placed on the balance tray, the balance hook is arranged at the bottom of the balance tray, the balance hook is fixedly connected with the clamp through the second lifting belt, and the clamp is used to clamp the thermal protection material sample.

[0020] In a possible design, the right end of the furnace body of the horizontal heating furnace is provided with a furnace cover, the sample holder is used to place the heat protection material sample in the isothermal heating zone by opening the furnace cover;

[0021] The sample holder comprises a pull rod and a sample tray, the sample tray comprises a ring-shaped support frame, a plurality of support ribs are arranged on the inner wall of the ring-shaped support frame in the horizontal direction, and the support ribs are used to hold the heat protection material sample;

[0022] A plurality of limiting pieces are arranged on the ring-shaped support frame in the vertical direction at equal intervals, and the limiting pieces are used to limit the movement of the heat protection material sample.

[0023] In a possible design, the high-temperature performance test system comprises an optical high-temperature heating device and a second temperature measuring device used to measure the real-time temperature of the heat protection material sample; the optical high-temperature heating device comprises a first optical heating assembly and a second optical heating assembly which are the same in structure and composition, and the first optical heating assembly and the second optical heating assembly are symmetrically arranged about the heat protection material sample;

[0024] The first optical heating assembly comprises a first light collector, a first heating filament and a first cylindrical mirror, and the first heating filament is arranged at the focal point of the first light collector; the second optical heating assembly comprises a second light collector, a second heating filament and a second cylindrical mirror, and the second heating filament is arranged at the focal point of the second light collector;

[0025] The first light collector and the second light collector are the same in structure, and the shapes of the two are both hollow semicylinders with the top surface and the bottom surface being open; the shapes of the first cylindrical mirror and the second cylindrical mirror are both semicylinders;

[0026] The first cylindrical mirror and the second cylindrical mirror are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the heat protection material sample, and the arc surfaces of the first cylindrical mirror and the second cylindrical mirror face the heat protection material sample; the first light collector is arranged on one side of the rectangular surface of the first cylindrical mirror, the second light collector is arranged on one side of the rectangular surface of the second cylindrical mirror, and the first cylindrical mirror and the second cylindrical mirror are symmetrically arranged about the center of the heat protection material sample.

[0027] In a possible design, the optical high-temperature heating device is arranged in a cavity with a polished inner surface, and a first opening is arranged above the cavity.

[0028] In a possible design, the low-temperature performance test system comprises a low-temperature furnace, a low-temperature container and a refrigerating machine; the low-temperature container and the refrigerating machine are arranged in the low-temperature furnace; the refrigerating machine is in communication with the low-temperature container and can refrigerate the low-temperature container;

[0029] The low-temperature container is provided with an isolation sleeve and a heat-conducting sleeve, the isolation sleeve is arranged above the heat-conducting sleeve, the top end of the isolation sleeve is in contact with the furnace body, the bottom end of the isolation sleeve is embedded in the annular groove arranged on the top surface of the heat-conducting sleeve, the isolation sleeve is in communication with the heat-conducting sleeve and coaxial arrangement is adopted; the area inside the heat-conducting sleeve constitutes a sample cavity, and the heat protection material sample is arranged in the sample cavity; the area between the heat-conducting sleeve and the isolation sleeve and the inner wall of the low-temperature container is defined as a first area; the first area is a vacuum environment;

[0030] The heat-conducting sleeve is provided with a heating element, and the heating element is used for heating the sample cavity.

[0031] In a possible design, the heat-conducting sleeve is provided with an annular hole, and the heating element is a resistance wire arranged in the annular hole.

[0032] The low-temperature performance test system further comprises a temperature measuring device arranged in the blind hole on the heat-conducting sleeve; the temperature measuring device and the resistance wire are connected with an external power supply.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present application can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) The high-vacuum performance test system and the thermal shock performance test system of the present application can ensure uniform heating of the heat protection material sample by setting an isothermal heating zone, thereby better performing thermal shock test of the heat protection material, i.e. heating the sample to the set test temperature, maintaining the temperature for a certain time, cooling to the set temperature or room temperature after maintaining the temperature, performing multiple cycle tests, and determining the number of tests when the heat protection material is damaged.

[0035] (2) The high-temperature performance test device in the comprehensive system of the present application does not need to use a special high-temperature-resistant intermediate heating body, and can directly heat the heat protection material sample; in addition, it also does not need to use a complex heat insulation layer and a water cooling structure, therefore, the structure of the optical high-temperature test device is relatively simple, the cost can be well controlled, and the equipment maintenance is simple and safe to use.

[0036] (3) The high-temperature performance test system of the present application is provided with symmetrical first and second optical heating assemblies, and this symmetrical arrangement can simultaneously heat the heat protection material sample from both sides, which is more likely to make the sheet-shaped or columnar heat protection material sample uniformly heated under the optical heating mode.

[0037] In the present application, the above-mentioned technical solutions can be combined with each other to realize more preferred combination schemes. Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in the subsequent specification, and some advantages will become apparent from the specification or be understood by implementing the present application. The purposes and other advantages of the present application can be realized and obtained through the contents specifically indicated in the specification, embodiments and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal heating furnace provided by the present invention; wherein, a-inner diameter of the tubular graphite heating body; b-outer diameter of the tubular graphite heating body; c-outer diameter of the water-cooled clamping structure; d-diameter of the two end caps of the horizontal heating furnace; e-length of the isothermal heating zone; f-furnace body length; g-length between the two end caps of the horizontal heating furnace.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample holder provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water-cooled supply unit provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sample moving and weighing unit.

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a high-temperature performance testing system for thermal protection materials;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a top view of an optical high-temperature heating device;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the sample weighing device.

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sample holder structure;

[0047] Figure 9 Here is a photograph of the actual sample fixture;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature performance testing system.

[0049] Figure label:

[0050] 1-tubular graphite heating body; 2-first graphite sleeve; 3-second graphite sleeve; 4-third graphite sleeve; 5-fourth graphite sleeve; 6-isothermal heating zone; 7-tubular heat insulation layer; 8-water-cooled sandwich structure; 9-introduction electrode water-cooled structure; 10-extraction electrode water-cooled structure; 11-introduction electrode; 12-extraction electrode; 13-cooling water inlet; 14-cooling water outlet; 15-temperature measuring device; 16-optical window; 17-furnace cover; 18-sample holder; 19-heat insulation layer support block; 20-annular support frame; 21-support rib; 22-refrigerator; 23-feed water pump; 24-water storage tank; 25-water replenishment port; 26-water return port; 27-filter; 28-vacuum measuring device; 29-molecular vacuum pump; 30-mechanical vacuum pump; 31-counterweight; 32-pull rod; 33-7-shaped support frame; 34-first lifting belt; 35-electronic balance; 36-balance tray; 37-balance hook; 38-second lifting belt; 39-clamp; 40-thermal protection material sample; 41-cavity; 42-first light condensing cover; 43-first heating filament; 44-first cylindrical lens; 45-thermal protection material sample; 46-second light condensing cover; 47-second heating filament; 48-second cylindrical lens; 49-second temperature measuring device; 50-first optical window; 51-second optical window; 52-first opening; 53-lifting belt; 54-support; 55-sample clamping mechanism; 56-balance hook; 57-balance tray; 58-electronic balance; 59-vertical guide rail; 60-vertical movement motor; 61-horizontal guide rail; 62-horizontal movement motor; 63-first sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic; 64-second sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic; 65-threaded hole;

[0051] 66-furnace body; 67-low-temperature container; 68-isolation sleeve; 69-heat-conducting sleeve; 70-insulating layer; 71-vacuum joint; 72-sample cavity; 73-first region; 74-third temperature measuring device; 75-low-temperature container support body; 76-furnace body support; 77-optical window; 78-annular hole; 79-cold head; 80-refrigerator; 81-compressor; 82-first opening; 83-baffle; 84-first liquid nitrogen on-off valve; 85-second liquid nitrogen on-off valve; 86-liquid nitrogen on-off valve; 87-liquid nitrogen on-off valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, which form a part of this application. The drawings, together with the description, are used to explain the principles of the present application and to enable those skilled in the art to implement the application.

[0053] The application provides a performance test comprehensive system of thermal protection material, which comprises a high-vacuum performance test system, a thermal shock performance test system, a high-temperature performance test system, a low-temperature performance test system, a first weighing device and a first sample moving device; the high-temperature performance test system and the low-temperature performance test system are arranged on a first test platform; the high-vacuum performance test system and the thermal shock performance test system are arranged on a second test platform; the first test platform and the second test platform are in the same working room; the first weighing device is arranged below the first sample moving device and connected with the first sample moving device, and the first sample moving device can drive the first weighing device to move between the high-temperature test system and the low-temperature test system.

[0054] Specifically, the comprehensive system comprises a high-vacuum performance test system, a thermal shock performance test system, a high-temperature performance test system and a low-temperature performance test system, wherein the high-vacuum performance test system is used for studying the oxidation of the thermal protection material sample in a high-vacuum environment, the thermal shock performance test system is used for studying the thermal shock performance of the thermal protection material sample in an oxygen-containing environment, the high-temperature performance test system is used for studying the oxidation of the thermal protection material sample at high temperature, and the low-temperature test system is used for studying the oxidation of the thermal protection material sample in a low-temperature environment.

[0055] In the application, the high-temperature performance test system and the low-temperature performance test system are arranged on the first test platform, the high-vacuum performance test system and the thermal shock performance test system are arranged on the second test platform, and the first test platform and the second test platform are in the same working room, so that the various tests of the thermal protection material sample are facilitated, and the research on the thermal performance and service life of the thermal protection material is facilitated.

[0056] In the comprehensive system, the high-vacuum performance test system is used for the high-vacuum performance test of the thermal protection material, i.e. the thermal shock test under vacuum, specifically, the sample is heated to the test temperature under high vacuum for short-time heat preservation, then cooled to room temperature, a certain number of cycles of test are carried out, the weight change of the sample is measured, the static air oxidation resistance performance test is carried out, and the damage time of the coating is measured. The test temperature is 600-2200℃, the temperature control precision is ±10℃, and the limit vacuum degree is ≤6.7×10-6Pa.

[0057] The high-vacuum performance test system of the thermal protection material in the application is as follows, Figure 1As shown, the test system comprises a high-vacuum heating device, a vacuum pump set and a temperature measuring device 15; the high-vacuum heating device comprises a horizontal vacuum heating furnace; the horizontal vacuum heating furnace is internally provided with a hollow tubular graphite heating body 1; the outer surfaces of the left end and the right end of the tubular graphite heating body 1 are respectively provided with a first graphite sleeve 2 and a second graphite sleeve 3 which are of the same structure; the middle part of the outer surface of the tubular graphite heating body 1 corresponds to an isothermal heating zone 6; the thermal protection material sample 40 is placed in the isothermal heating zone 6 through a sample holder 18; the vacuum pump set can draw the high-vacuum heating device to a vacuum degree of ≤6.7*10 -6 Pa; the temperature measuring device 15 is arranged outside the high-vacuum heating device and is used for measuring the real-time temperature of the thermal protection material in the isothermal heating zone 6.

[0058] Specifically, the high-vacuum heating device of the present application adopts a horizontal high-vacuum heating furnace, a hollow tubular graphite heating body 1 is horizontally arranged at the central position of the furnace body of the horizontal high-vacuum heating furnace, the outer surface of the left end of the tubular graphite heating body 1 is provided with a first graphite sleeve 2, and the outer surface of the right end thereof is provided with a second graphite sleeve 3, the first graphite sleeve 2 and the second graphite sleeve 3 are arranged on the tubular graphite heating body 1 in a manner of adhesion, the corresponding inner cavity regions of the first graphite sleeve 2 and the second graphite sleeve 3 on the tubular graphite heating body 1 are a left end region and a right end region, and the middle part of the outer surface of the tubular graphite heating body 1 (i.e. the region not covered by the first graphite sleeve 2 and the second graphite sleeve 3) is an isothermal heating zone 6, when the first graphite sleeve 2 and the second graphite sleeve 3 are electrified, the tubular graphite heating body 1 is also electrified and starts to heat, after heating for a certain time, the temperature in the isothermal heating zone 6 is more uniform relative to the temperatures of the left end region and the right end region, thereby ensuring uniform heating of the thermal protection material sample 40.

[0059] It should be noted that the thermal conductivity of graphite is just the opposite of general metal materials, that is, it has a very high thermal conductivity coefficient at room temperature, but the thermal conductivity coefficient decreases after the temperature rises, and at very high temperature, graphite even becomes a thermal insulator, according to this characteristic of graphite, the present application can reduce the heat dissipation of the left end region and the right end region of the tubular graphite heating body 1 by arranging the first graphite sleeve 2 and the second graphite sleeve 3 at the two ends of the outer surface of the tubular graphite heating body 1.

[0060] The prior art adopts a direct clamping heating mode to heat the thermal protection material sample 40, although the structure of this setting mode is relatively simple, but this heating mode will cause non-uniform heating of the thermal protection material sample 40 due to the direct clamping of the sample. Compared with the prior art, the present application can ensure uniform heating of the thermal protection material sample 40 by arranging the isothermal heating zone 6, thereby better performing the thermal shock test of the thermal protection material.

[0061] To further reduce heat dissipation at the first graphite sleeve 2 and the second graphite sleeve 3, a third graphite sleeve 4 is fitted on the outer surface of the second graphite sleeve 3, and a fourth graphite sleeve 5 is fitted on the outer surface of the third graphite sleeve 4. The third graphite sleeve 4 and the fourth graphite sleeve 5 have the same structure and their lengths are both shorter than those of the first graphite sleeve 2 and the second graphite sleeve 3. The left ends of the tubular graphite heating element 1, the first graphite sleeve 2, and the third graphite sleeve 4 are aligned. The right ends of the tubular graphite heating element 1, the second graphite sleeve 3, and the fourth graphite sleeve 5 are aligned. The upper part of the third graphite sleeve 4 is connected to the lead-in electrode 11, and the upper part of the fourth graphite sleeve 5 is connected to the lead-out electrode 12. A tubular heat insulation layer 7 is fitted over the tubular graphite heating element 1. The length of the tubular heat insulation layer 7 is shorter than the length of the tubular graphite heating element 1, and the left and right ends of the tubular heat insulation layer 7 cover a portion of the first graphite sleeve 2 and a portion of the second graphite sleeve 3, respectively.

[0062] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a third graphite sleeve 4 outside the first graphite sleeve 2 and a fourth graphite sleeve 5 outside the second graphite sleeve 3. The third graphite sleeve 4 is connected to the input electrode 11, and the fourth graphite sleeve 5 is connected to the output electrode 12. By setting the input electrode 11 and the output electrode 12, each graphite sleeve is energized, thereby heating the tubular graphite heating element 1 and ultimately forming an isothermal heating zone 6. In addition, a tubular heat insulation layer 7 is provided on the outer surface of the tubular graphite heating element 1. The length of the tubular heat insulation layer 7 is less than the length of the tubular graphite heating element 1, and a certain gap is provided between the tubular heat insulation layer 7 and the outer surface of the tubular graphite heating element 1. The provision of the tubular heat insulation layer 7 and the certain gap between the tubular heat insulation layer 7 and the tubular graphite heating element 1 can reduce the heat loss in the isothermal heating zone 6.

[0063] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, by providing a third graphite sleeve 4 outside the first graphite sleeve 2 and a fourth graphite sleeve 5 outside the second graphite sleeve 3, can further reduce heat dissipation at the left and right ends of the tubular graphite heating element 1, thereby further reducing heat loss at both ends of the tubular graphite heating element 1. In addition, the third graphite sleeve 4 and the fourth graphite sleeve 5 can also fix and support the tubular graphite heating element 1, ensuring it is fixed in the middle position of the horizontal vacuum heating furnace.

[0064] In order to cool the horizontal high vacuum heating furnace and the inlet electrode 11 and the outlet electrode 12, the test system of the present application further comprises a water cooling unit, the water cooling unit comprising a water cooling sandwich structure 8, an inlet electrode 11 water cooling structure 9 and an outlet electrode 12 water cooling structure 10; the water cooling sandwich structure 8 is sleeved on the tubular heat insulation layer 7, and a cavity is provided between the water cooling sandwich structure 8 and the tubular heat insulation layer 7; the inlet electrode 11 water cooling structure 9 is arranged on the inlet electrode 11, and the outlet electrode 12 water cooling structure 10 is arranged on the outlet electrode 12; the water cooling sandwich structure 8 is provided with a first cooling water pipeline; the inlet electrode 11 water cooling structure 9 and the outlet electrode 12 water cooling structure 10 are both provided with a second cooling water pipeline; the first cooling water pipeline and the second cooling water pipeline are connected in communication; a cooling water inlet is arranged at the top of the horizontal vacuum heating furnace, and a cooling water outlet 14 is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal vacuum heating furnace; the first cooling water pipeline is connected in communication with the cooling water inlet 13 and the cooling water outlet 14.

[0065] Specifically, the water cooling unit of the present application comprises a water cooling sandwich structure 8, an inlet electrode 11 water cooling structure 9 and an outlet electrode 12 water cooling structure 10, wherein the water cooling sandwich structure 8 is provided with a first cooling water pipeline, the inlet electrode 11 water cooling structure 9 and the outlet electrode 12 water cooling structure 10 are provided with a second cooling water pipeline, and the first cooling water pipeline and the second cooling water pipeline are connected in communication and are directly or indirectly connected in communication with the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet 14, so as to cool the horizontal vacuum heating furnace.

[0066] It should be noted that, as shown in the drawings, Figure 3 The test system of the present application further comprises a water cooling supply unit, the water cooling supply unit comprising a water storage tank 24, a refrigerating machine 22, a water supply pump 23 and a purification filter 27; the water storage tank 24 is provided with a water supplement inlet 25 and a water return inlet 26, the water return inlet 26 is connected with the cooling water outlet 14 through a water return pipeline; the water introduced through the water supplement inlet 25 and the water return inlet 26 is injected into the water storage tank 24 after passing through the purification filter 27; the refrigerating machine 22 is used for cooling the cooling water in the water storage tank 24, and the water supply pump 23 pressurizes the cooling water after cooling treatment and supplies the cooling water to the cooling water inlet 13 of the horizontal vacuum heating furnace through a water supply pipeline.

[0067] It should be noted that the left end of the furnace body of the horizontal vacuum furnace is provided with an optical window 16, and the temperature measuring device 15 is arranged outside the optical window 16; the temperature measuring device 15 can radiate the thermal protection material sample 40 on the sample holder 18 through the optical window 16 to obtain the real-time temperature of the thermal protection material sample 40; the right end of the furnace body of the horizontal vacuum furnace is provided with a furnace cover 17, and the thermal protection material sample 40 is placed in the isothermal heating zone 6 by using the sample holder 18 after the furnace cover 17 is opened.

[0068] In order to facilitate the movement of the sample, as shown in the drawings, Figure 2As shown, the sample holder 18 of the present application comprises a pull rod 32 and a sample tray, the sample tray comprises a ring-shaped support frame 20, and a plurality of support ribs 21 are arranged on the inner wall of the ring-shaped support frame 20 in the horizontal direction, and the support ribs 21 are used to support the thermal protection material sample 40; a plurality of limiting members are arranged on the ring-shaped support frame 20 in the vertical direction at equal intervals; and the plurality of limiting members are used to limit the movement of the thermal protection material sample 40.

[0069] Exemplarily, as shown, the inner wall of the ring-shaped support frame 20 of the present application is provided with three support ribs, the three support ribs are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the ring-shaped support frame 20, and the length of the three support ribs is less than the radius of the ring-shaped support frame 20; by arranging the three support ribs 21, on the one hand, the thermal protection material sample 40 can be supported, and on the other hand, the bottom of the thermal protection material sample 40 can be uniformly heated; in addition, three limiting members are uniformly arranged on the ring-shaped support frame 20 in the vertical direction, for example, the limiting member is a limiting strip, and by arranging the limiting strip, the relative displacement between the thermal protection material and the ribs can be avoided when the thermal protection material enters or moves out of the isothermal heating zone 6.

[0070] Alternatively, as an alternative to the sample holder 18, the test system of the present application further comprises a sample moving and weighing unit, the sample moving and weighing unit is arranged in the tubular graphite heating body 1, and the sample moving and weighing unit can place the clamped thermal protection material sample 40 in the isothermal heating zone 6.

[0071] As shown, Figure 4 The above-mentioned sample moving and weighing unit comprises a columnar pull rod 32, a counterweight 31 is arranged on the first end of the pull rod 32 (i.e. the end close to the furnace cover 17); a 7-shaped support frame 33 perpendicular to the pull rod 32 is fixed on the second end of the pull rod 32, the 7-shaped support frame 33 is arranged in the vertical direction, a first lifting belt 34 is arranged on the top end of the 7-shaped support frame 33, a balance tray 36 is fixed below the first lifting belt 34, an electronic balance 35 is arranged on the balance tray 36, and a balance hook 37 is arranged on the bottom of the balance tray 36, the balance hook 37 is fixedly connected with a clamp 39 through a second lifting belt 38, and the clamp 39 is used to clamp the thermal protection material sample 40.

[0072] When the thermal shock resistance test of the thermal protection material is performed, the weight of the sample needs to be measured multiple times in real time, and the sample moving and weighing unit of the present application does not need to move the sample to the outside of the horizontal heating furnace for weighing, and the real-time weight measurement of the sample can be completed in the furnace.

[0073] It should be noted that because the second end of the pull rod 32 is provided with components such as the electronic balance 35 and the balance tray 36, in order to prevent the pull rod 32 from shaking and affecting the accuracy of the test results, a counterweight is arranged at the first end of the pull rod 32, a recess is arranged on the counterweight, and the recess is used to clamp the pull rod 32, so as to fix the pull rod 32.

[0074] In order to reduce heat dissipation, the heat insulation coating comprises, from inside to outside, a first heat insulation layer, a low-density heat insulation layer and an aluminum silicate fiber layer; the first heat insulation layer adopts carbon fiber and aluminum silicate ceramic matrix composite material; the low-density heat insulation layer comprises a base material and a reinforcing material, the base material is phenolic resin added with hollow glass beads, and the reinforcing material is glass fiber.

[0075] Compared with the prior art, the first heat insulation layer can greatly reduce the heat transferred outward by the tubular graphite heating body 1, on the other hand, the low-density heat insulation layer arranged outside the first heat insulation layer can further reduce heat transfer, and on this basis, the aluminum silicate fiber layer arranged further can not only further reduce heat transfer and thus reduce heat loss, but also the aluminum silicate fiber is an insulator, which can reduce the arrangement of the insulation layer, thereby simplifying the structure of the device.

[0076] It should be noted that, in order to support the tubular heat insulation layer 7, two heat insulation layer support blocks 19 are arranged between the tubular heat insulation layer 7 and the water-cooled sandwich structure 8, and the two support blocks are the same structure and are located at the bottom of the horizontal vacuum heating furnace.

[0077] In order to meet the vacuum degree requirement of the test system of the present application, the vacuum pumping unit of the present application comprises a vacuum pipeline, a vacuum measuring device 28, a first-stage vacuum equipment and a second-stage vacuum equipment; the first-stage vacuum equipment and the second-stage vacuum equipment are arranged in series; the upper end of the vacuum pipeline penetrates through the bottom of the horizontal vacuum heating furnace and communicates with the isothermal heating zone 6 (also communicates with other cavities, so that the whole furnace is in a vacuum state), and the lower end of the vacuum pipeline is provided with a tee pipe, one end of the tee pipe is connected with the vacuum measuring device 28, and the other end is connected with the first-stage vacuum equipment and the second-stage vacuum equipment in sequence. The first-stage vacuum equipment adopts a mechanical vacuum pump; and the second-stage vacuum equipment adopts a turbo molecular pump.

[0078] The advantage of adopting the turbo molecular pump in series with the mechanical vacuum pump lies in that the vacuum pumping unit can reach a vacuum degree of 10 -6 Pa without baking, and the vacuum degree can reach 10 -8 Pa after baking; in addition, the vacuum pumping assembly provided by the present application is relatively clean, and an oil-free ultra-high vacuum environment can be realized.

[0079] It should be noted that, in order to realize vacuum degree measurement, the present application adopts two sets of devices: a resistance gauge is adopted to realize low vacuum degree measurement (1x10 5 ~ 1x10 -1 Pa); and a B-A gauge is adopted to realize high vacuum degree measurement (10 0 ~ 1x10 -7 Pa), and the two are connected in series to realize a vacuum degree of ≤6.7x10 -6 Pa in the furnace.

[0080] It should be noted that the test system of the present application further comprises a temperature control unit which adopts a PID algorithm for temperature control, and is connected with the horizontal vacuum heating furnace, so as to ensure that the horizontal vacuum heating furnace can realize thermal shock test: after the test sample is heated to the set test temperature in a vacuum environment, the test sample is kept for a certain time, and then is cooled to the set temperature or room temperature, and the test is repeated for multiple cycles to determine the number of tests when the thermal protection material is damaged.

[0081] It should be noted that in the comprehensive system, the thermal shock performance test system and the high vacuum performance test system have basically the same structure, and the only difference is whether the vacuum pumping unit is provided. Since the thermal shock performance test refers to the thermal shock test in an oxygen environment, the thermal shock performance test system does not need to be provided with a vacuum pumping unit; while the high vacuum performance test system is a thermal shock performance test in a high vacuum environment, and needs to be provided with a vacuum pumping unit.

[0082] In the comprehensive system of the present application, the high temperature performance test system of the present application is used to complete the "static air oxidation resistance performance test", and the specific requirements are: heating the thermal protection material sample 45 to the set test temperature and keeping it for a long time, and measuring the weight change and coating damage time of the thermal protection material sample 45.

[0083] The test temperature of the thermal protection material of the present application is 600-2200℃, the temperature control accuracy is ±10℃, and the weighing accuracy is ±0.1mg.

[0084] As shown in Figures 1 to 5 The high temperature performance test system comprises an optical high temperature heating device and a second temperature measuring device 49, the optical high temperature heating device is an ultra-high temperature heating furnace, the first optical heating assembly and the second optical heating assembly which have the same structure and composition are arranged in the furnace, the first optical heating assembly and the second optical heating assembly are symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the thermal protection material sample 45; the heating power of the optical high temperature heating device is greater than or equal to 5kW; the optical high temperature heating device can heat the thermal protection material to 600℃-2200℃.

[0085] Specifically, the heat protection material sample 45 is arranged on the connecting line of the first optical heating assembly and the second optical heating assembly, and the first optical heating assembly and the second optical heating assembly are symmetrically arranged relative to the heat protection material sample 45. Compared with the prior art, the present application adopts the symmetric first optical heating assembly and the second optical heating assembly, which can heat the heat protection material sample 45 from both sides at the same time, so that the sheet-shaped or columnar heat protection material sample 45 is more easily heated uniformly in the optical heating mode. Compared with other schemes such as laser heating, induction heating and electric heating, the present application has the advantages of simple structure, no need for special high-temperature-resistant heating bodies, no need for complex heat shields and water cooling structures and the like. Therefore, the present application can well control the cost, is simple to maintain and is safe to use.

[0086] It should be noted that the first optical heating assembly of the present application comprises a first light collector 42, a first heating filament 43 and a first cylindrical lens 44, the first heating filament 43 is arranged at the focal point of the first light collector 42; the second optical heating assembly comprises a second light collector 46, a second heating filament 47 and a second cylindrical lens 48, the second heating filament 47 is arranged at the focal point of the second light collector 46; the shapes of the first light collector 42 and the second light collector 46 are both hollow semicylinders with the top surface and the bottom surface being open, the shapes of the first cylindrical lens 44 and the second cylindrical lens 48 are both semicylinders; the first cylindrical lens 44 and the second cylindrical lens 48 are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the heat protection material sample 45, and the arc surfaces of the first cylindrical lens 44 and the second cylindrical lens 48 face the heat protection material sample 45; the first light collector 42 is arranged at one side of the rectangular surface of the first cylindrical lens 44, the second light collector 46 is arranged at one side of the rectangular surface of the second cylindrical lens 48, and the first cylindrical lens 44 and the second cylindrical lens 48 are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the heat protection material sample 45.

[0087] Specifically, the first heating filament 43 is arranged at the focal point of the first light collector 42, and the second heating filament 47 is arranged at the focal point of the second light collector 46, so that the light is converged into parallel light and output to the corresponding cylindrical lens, and the first cylindrical lens 44 and the second cylindrical lens 48 can converge the parallel light into a long strip shape and irradiate it on the heat protection material sample 45, so as to heat the surface of the heat protection material sample 45.

[0088] In the prior art, the induction coil is sleeved outside the high-temperature-resistant ceramic sleeve for heating, which not only needs a special high-temperature-resistant heating body, but also needs to be provided with a heat shield and a water cooling structure, which undoubtedly increases the complexity of the system. Compared with the prior art, the present application heats the heat protection material sample 45 from both sides by adopting the symmetric structure (symmetrically arranging the first optical heating assembly and the second optical heating assembly), so that the sheet-shaped or columnar heat protection material sample 45 is more uniformly heated.

[0089] AsFigure 2 As shown in the figure, the first light cover 42 and the second light cover 46 both have a reflecting function, the first cylindrical lens 44 and the second cylindrical lens 48 both have a transmitting and focusing function, the first halogen tungsten lamp is located at the focal point of the first light cover 42, the second halogen tungsten lamp is located at the focal point of the second light cover 46, and the thermal protection material sample 45 is located at the focal plane (the plane formed by the focal points) of the first cylindrical lens 44 and the second cylindrical lens 48.

[0090] In order to reduce the heat radiation loss of the thermal protection material sample 45 and ensure the safety of the operator, the entire optical high-temperature heating device (excluding the second temperature measuring device 49) is placed in the cavity 41 with a polished inner surface.

[0091] It should be noted that, in order to further reduce the heat convection loss, the cavity 41 is as small as possible in volume, and a first opening 52 with a diameter of 15-25 mm is formed only above the thermal protection material sample 45 to facilitate real-time weighing and moving of the thermal protection material sample 45.

[0092] In order to facilitate the movement of the thermal protection material sample 45, the high-temperature performance test system of the application further comprises a sample moving device, which is arranged above the cavity 41; the sample moving device comprises a horizontal guide rail 61 and a vertical guide rail 59; the horizontal guide rail 61 is provided with a horizontal moving slider and a horizontal moving motor 62; the vertical guide rail 59 is provided with a vertical moving slider and a vertical moving motor 60; the vertical guide rail 59 is arranged on the horizontal moving slider, and the horizontal moving motor 62 can drive the horizontal moving slider to move the vertical guide rail 59 in the horizontal direction; the vertical moving slider is connected with a lifting belt 53, the lower end of the lifting belt 53 is connected with the connecting end of a sample clamping mechanism 55, the sample clamping mechanism 55 further comprises a clamping end, and the clamping end clamps the thermal protection material sample 45; the vertical moving motor 60 can drive the vertical moving slider to move the thermal protection material sample 45 in the vertical direction.

[0093] In order to obtain the real-time temperature of the thermal protection material sample 45, the high-temperature performance test system of the application further comprises a sample weighing device; as shown in the figure, Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the weighing device comprises a horizontal tray 57, an electronic balance 58 and a balance hook 56, the horizontal tray 57 is arranged on the vertical moving slider, the electronic balance 58 is arranged on the horizontal tray 57, and the connecting end of the balance hook 56 is arranged on the bottom surface of the horizontal tray 57, and the end with the hook is connected with the connecting end of the lifting belt 53.

[0094] It should be noted that the electronic balance 58 of the application is connected with a computer through an interface to record the weight of the thermal protection material sample 45 in real time.

[0095] The electronic balance 58 of the present application adopts a precision electronic analytical balance with a sling scale function as a weighing instrument. The electronic balance 58 is connected with a computer through an RS232 interface, and records (or prints) the weight and weight loss of the thermal protection material sample 45 in real time.

[0096] It should be noted that the high-temperature performance test system of the present application further comprises a camera device for recording the surface coating peeling of the thermal protection material sample 45; the cavity 41 is provided with a first optical window 50 and a second optical window 51, the camera device is arranged outside the first optical window 50, and the second temperature measuring device 49 is arranged outside the second optical window 51; the camera device and the second temperature measuring device 49 are connected with the computer.

[0097] It should be noted that by arranging the second temperature measuring device 49 at the second optical window 51, the temperature of the thermal protection material sample 45 can be detected in real time, and the output of the first heating filament 43 and the second heating filament 47 is adjusted according to the temperature of the thermal protection material sample 45, so that the thermal protection material sample 45 reaches the set test temperature within a specified time and is kept at the test temperature. The second temperature measuring device 49 is realized by a colorimetric pyrometer.

[0098] In order to better control the temperature of the thermal protection material sample 45, the high-temperature performance test system of the present application further comprises a temperature control device connected with the second temperature measuring device 49, and the temperature control device is used for real-time control of the temperature of the thermal protection material sample 45.

[0099] It should be noted that the first heating filament 43 of the present application is a first halogen tungsten lamp; and the second heating filament 47 is a second halogen tungsten lamp.

[0100] As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 The sample clamping mechanism 55 of the present application comprises a first sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic 63 and a second sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic 64 which are identical in structure, the top of each of the first sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic 63 and the second sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic 64 is provided with a threaded hole 65, the first sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic 63 and the second sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic 64 are connected by a screw passing through the threaded holes 65, and the first sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic 63 and the second sheet-shaped high-temperature ceramic 64 can clamp the thermal protection material sample 45 after being aligned.

[0101] It should be noted that the length of the sample clamping mechanism 55 is designed to be 70-85mm, so as to ensure sufficient heat dissipation distance, so that the heat of the sample at a higher temperature is not transmitted to the tightening screw and the lifting belt 53 (for example, a stainless steel lifting wire) above the tightening screw.

[0102] In addition, the bottom of the cavity 41 is provided with a support 54 for supporting the optical high-temperature heating device.

[0103] Example 1

[0104] This embodiment tests and analyzes the high-temperature performance test system, specifically including the following aspects:

[0105] (1) Test results and analysis of the weighing precision of the sample weighing device

[0106] The weight of 5 samples was weighed 10 times under the same environmental conditions, the weight of 5 samples was recorded 10 times, the average temperature of each sample was calculated, and the weighing precision of the weighing scale was calculated, as shown in Table 7.

[0107] Table 7 Weighing precision test record table

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] The test results show that the average weight of sample 1 is 6711.1 mg, and the weighing precision is 8.165e-2 mg; the average weight of sample 2 is 6738.7 mg, and the weighing precision is 4.482e-2 g; the average weight of sample 3 is 6576.24 mg, and the weighing precision is 4.899e-2 mg; the average weight of sample 4 is 6722.51 mg, and the weighing precision is 5.519e-2 mg; the average weight of sample 5 is 6524.31 mg, and the weighing precision is 8.307e-2 mg. This is due to the fact that the weighing scale is a high-precision instrument, and it will be affected by environmental factors, human factors, etc. during weighing, resulting in unstable weighing results. The average value of the weighing precision of the 5 samples is 6.2744e-2 mg, which meets the equipment requirements.

[0111] (2) Maximum heating rate test results and analysis

[0112] Open the ultra-high temperature heating furnace, and place the sample in the ultra-high temperature heating furnace through the sample moving device. Connect the power supply of the control cabinet, and set the lowest temperature of the heating range of the ultra-high temperature heating furnace after the temperature control table is stable. After the temperature is stable, set the target temperature to the highest temperature of the heating range; record the time used, and divide the temperature range difference by the time used to obtain the maximum heating rate, as shown in Table 8.

[0113] Table 8 Maximum heating rate test record table

[0114]

[0115] The test results show that the maximum heating rate of the ultra-high temperature heating furnace is 5928k / min; the maximum heating rate of the ultra-high temperature heating furnace is much greater than the equipment requirement.

[0116] (3) Temperature range, temperature control precision and thermogravimetric method test results and analysis

[0117] The 1500℃, 1700℃, 1900℃, 2100℃, 2350℃ of the super-high temperature heating furnace are selected, the temperature change is observed after each temperature measuring point is stable for 10 minutes, the heating time is 5 minutes, the temperature and weight are recorded every 1 minute, the temperature control precision is calculated by using the Bezier formula, and the temperature range and temperature control precision are evaluated according to the results, as shown in Table 1, the thermogravimetric method test results are shown in Table 2, and the fitting results are shown in Figure 6 .

[0118] Table 1 Temperature range and temperature control precision test record table

[0119]

[0120] Table 2 Thermogravimetric method test record table

[0121]

[0122] The temperature range and temperature control precision test results show that the average temperatures of the super-high temperature heating furnace at the temperature measuring points 1500℃, 1700℃, 1900℃, 2100℃, 2350℃ are 1499.6℃, 1700.8℃, 1900.5℃, 2099.8℃, 2350.6℃ respectively, and the temperature control precisions are ±1.8℃, ±2.2℃, ±2.9℃, ±3.1℃, ±3.8℃ respectively; the heating / cooling temperature range of the coating thermal test device is 1500-2350℃, and the temperature control precisions are all less than ±5℃, which are superior to the task book indexes.

[0123] The thermogravimetric method test results show that the super-high temperature heating furnace can realize the thermogravimetric test in the heating (1500-2350℃) test process, the high-temperature performance test system of the application can realize the weighing in the heating (1500-2350℃) test process, and can realize real-time weighing.

[0124] In the comprehensive system of the application, as Figure 10As shown, the low-temperature performance testing system includes a low-temperature furnace 66, a low-temperature container 67, and a refrigerator 80; both the low-temperature container 67 and the refrigerator 80 are located inside the low-temperature furnace 66; the refrigerator 80 is connected to the low-temperature container 67 and can cool the low-temperature container 67; the low-temperature container 67 is provided with an isolation sleeve 68 and a heat-conducting sleeve 69, the isolation sleeve 68 is located above the heat-conducting sleeve 69, the top end of the isolation sleeve 68 contacts the low-temperature furnace 66, and the bottom end of the isolation sleeve 68 is embedded in the top of the heat-conducting sleeve 69. Within the annular groove on the surface, the isolation sleeve 68 and the heat-conducting sleeve 69 are connected and coaxially arranged; the area inside the heat-conducting sleeve 69 constitutes the sample cavity 72 (cooling zone), and the thermal protection material sample 20 is placed inside the sample cavity 72; the area between the heat-conducting sleeve 69 and the isolation sleeve 68 and the inner wall of the cryogenic container 67 is defined as the first region 73; the first region 73 is a vacuum environment; the heat-conducting sleeve 69 is provided with a heating element, which is used to heat the sample cavity 72.

[0125] The low-temperature testing system provided by this invention includes a low-temperature furnace 66, a low-temperature container 67, and a refrigerator 80, all housed within the low-temperature furnace 66. The low-temperature container 67 contains an isolation sleeve 68 and a heat-conducting sleeve 69. The isolation sleeve 68 is positioned directly above the heat-conducting sleeve 69 and the two are coaxially aligned. The top of the isolation sleeve 68 contacts the top of the low-temperature furnace 66. The bottom of the isolation sleeve 68 has an annular protrusion, and the top of the heat-conducting sleeve 69 has an annular groove. The annular protrusion of the isolation sleeve 68 is embedded within the annular groove of the heat-conducting sleeve 69, and the specifications and shapes of the annular protrusion and the annular groove are matched. The bottom of the heat-conducting sleeve 69 is a certain distance from the bottom of the cryogenic container 67; the area inside the heat-conducting sleeve 69 forms the sample cavity 72, and the thermal protection material sample 20 is placed inside the sample cavity 72; the area between the outer wall of the heat-conducting sleeve 69 and the inner wall of the cryogenic container 67, and the area between the outer wall of the isolation sleeve 68 and the cryogenic container 67 together constitute the first region 73. The first region 73 is a vacuum environment, which is equivalent to placing the sample cavity 72 in a Dewar container. This can prevent condensation and frost from forming in the first region 73 and the sample cavity 72, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the subsequent weighing of the thermal protection material sample 20.

[0126] It should be noted that a heating element is provided on the heat-conducting sleeve 69. When it is necessary to increase the temperature inside the sample cavity 72, the heating element on the heat-conducting sleeve 69 is used for heating, and then the heat-conducting sleeve 69 is used for heat transfer, thereby increasing the temperature inside the sample cavity 72 to ensure the performance test of the thermal protection material sample 20 at low temperature.

[0127] In order to heat the heat protection material sample 20 and record the real-time temperature of the heat protection material sample 20, the heat conduction sleeve 69 of the present application is provided with an annular hole 78, and the heating element is a resistance wire arranged in the annular hole 78; the low-temperature performance test system further comprises a third temperature measuring device 74 arranged in the blind hole of the heat conduction sleeve 69; the third temperature measuring device 74 and the resistance wire are connected with an external power supply.

[0128] Specifically, by arranging the annular heating hole on the heat conduction sleeve 69 and arranging the resistance wire or other heating element in the annular hole 78, the present application can form an effective heating area in the sample cavity 72 by using the heating element, so as to ensure that the heat protection material sample 20 can be uniformly heated in the sample cavity 72. In addition, the third temperature measuring device 74 of the present application adopts platinum resistance contact type temperature measurement, which can measure the temperature of the heat protection material sample 20 in real time.

[0129] In order to reduce the heat loss in the sample cavity 72, the first area 73 needs to be vacuumized, therefore, the low-temperature performance test system of the present application further comprises a vacuumizing assembly connected with the vacuum joint 71 arranged on the wall of the low-temperature container 67, and the vacuumizing assembly can vacuumize the first area 73.

[0130] Specifically, the present application is provided with a vacuum connection head on the arm of the low-temperature container 67, which is connected with the vacuumizing assembly, and when it is needed to vacuumize the first area 73, the vacuumizing assembly is opened to vacuumize the first area 73. Vacuumizing the first area 73 can reduce the heat transfer of the gas in the sample cavity 72, and the outer wall of the first area 73 and the inner wall of the low-temperature container 67 are silver-plated or polished to reduce the radiation frequency, so as to reduce the radiation heat as much as possible.

[0131] It should be noted that the structure and composition of the vacuumizing assembly in the low-temperature performance test system are the same as those of the vacuumizing assembly in the high-vacuum performance test system, which will not be repeated here.

[0132] In order to refrigerate the sample cavity 72, the refrigeration machine 80 of the present application comprises a refrigeration head 79, a compressor 81 and a temperature control device; the refrigeration head 79 is arranged in the low-temperature container 67, one end of the refrigeration head 79 is communicated with the sample cavity 72, and the other end is connected with the compressor 81 through a pulse tube, and the temperature control device is used to adjust the output of the refrigeration machine 80, so that the heat protection material sample 20 reaches the target temperature.

[0133] It should be noted that the advantage of using the refrigeration machine 80 to refrigerate is sustainable, stable and easy to control, and the temperature can be quickly reduced to the test temperature by using the refrigeration machine 80 to refrigerate.

[0134] In order to facilitate observation, the first optical window 77 is arranged on the wall of the low-temperature container 67.

[0135] It should be noted that the sample clamping and moving device in the low-temperature performance testing system has the same structure and function as the sample moving device and sample weighing device in the high-temperature performance testing system, and will not be described again here.

[0136] To facilitate the movement of the thermal protection material sample 20, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the low-temperature testing system of the present invention also includes a sample clamping and moving device. The top of the low-temperature container 67 is provided with an insulating layer 70 and a first opening 82. The sample clamping and moving device is located directly above the sample cavity 72 and passes through the first opening 82. The sample moving device includes a horizontal guide rail 26 and a vertical guide rail 24. A horizontal moving slider and a horizontal moving motor 27 are provided on the horizontal guide rail 26. A vertical moving slider and a vertical moving motor 25 are provided on the vertical guide rail 24. The vertical guide rail 24 is located on the horizontal moving slider. The horizontal moving motor 27 can drive the horizontal moving slider to move the vertical guide rail 24 in the horizontal direction. The vertical moving slider is connected to a lifting strap 18. The lower end of the lifting strap 18 is connected to the connecting end of the sample clamping mechanism 55. The sample clamping mechanism 55 also includes a clamping end, which clamps the heat protection material sample 20. The vertical moving motor 25 can drive the vertical moving slider to move the heat protection material sample 20 in the vertical direction.

[0137] It should be noted that the horizontal moving motor 27 and the vertical moving motor 25 of the present invention can be linear motors or stepper motors. Their technical specifications are as follows: Movement mode: automatic; Horizontal movement range: 0~1800mm; Vertical movement range: 0~400mm; Movement speed: ±20mm / s; Position control accuracy: ±1mm.

[0138] The sample clamping mechanism 55 of the present invention includes a first sheet ceramic 28 and a second sheet ceramic 29 with the same structure. The top of the first sheet ceramic and the second sheet ceramic are provided with threaded holes 30. The first sheet ceramic 28 and the second sheet ceramic 29 are connected by screws passing through the threaded holes 30. After the first sheet ceramic 28 and the second sheet ceramic 29 are aligned, the lower end can clamp the heat protection material sample 20.

[0139] To obtain the real-time weight of the thermal protection material sample 20, the low-temperature performance testing system of the present invention further includes a sample weighing device. The weighing device includes a horizontal tray, an electronic balance 23, and a balance hook 21. The horizontal tray is mounted on a vertically moving slider, the electronic balance 23 is mounted on the horizontal tray, and the connecting end of the balance hook 21 is located on the bottom surface of the horizontal tray. The hook end of the balance hook 21 is connected to the connecting end of the lifting strap 18. It should be noted that the electronic balance 23 is connected to a computer via an interface to record the weight of the thermal protection material sample 20 in real time.

[0140] The low-temperature performance testing system of the present invention also includes a sample weighing device; such asFigure 1 and Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the weighing device comprises a horizontal tray, an electronic balance 23 and a balance hook 21, the horizontal tray is arranged on a vertical moving slider, the electronic balance 23 is arranged on the horizontal tray, and the connecting end of the balance hook 21 is arranged on the bottom surface of the horizontal tray, and one end of the hook is connected with the connecting end of the lifting belt 18.

[0141] The electronic balance 23 of the present application is connected with a computer through an interface to record the weight condition of the thermal protection material sample 20 in real time.

[0142] The electronic balance 23 of the present application adopts a precise electronic analytical balance with a weighing function as a weighing instrument. The electronic balance 23 is connected with a computer through an RS232 interface to record (or print) the weight and weight loss condition of the thermal protection material sample 20 in real time.

[0143] In order to prevent the low-temperature furnace 66 and the sample cavity 72 from dewing, the low-temperature performance test system for thermal protection materials of the present application further comprises a positive pressure nitrogen input assembly, which comprises a nitrogen source, a blower and a nitrogen input pipe; the nitrogen is input into the sample cavity 72 through the blower and the nitrogen input pipe.

[0144] Specifically, the low-temperature refrigeration in air needs to overcome the problem of frosting, and the present application inputs positive pressure nitrogen into the sample cavity 72 through the positive pressure nitrogen input assembly, which can discharge air and avoid the pre-cooling frosting of the moisture in air in the sample cavity 72.

[0145] It should be noted that the sample cavity is divided into a sample area and a liquid nitrogen buffer area through the first opening 82; wherein the sample area is arranged above the liquid nitrogen buffer area, the nitrogen input pipe extends into the liquid nitrogen buffer area, and a plurality of liquid nitrogen on-off valves are arranged on the first opening 82, the evaporation speed of the liquid nitrogen can be controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the liquid nitrogen on-off valves, that is, the flow and flow rate of the liquid nitrogen entering the sample area are controlled, so that the low-temperature performance test system has the functions of rapid refrigeration and slow refrigeration.

[0146] In order to ensure that the low-temperature performance of the thermal protection materials can be continuously tested, the low-temperature test system of the present application further comprises a liquid nitrogen input assembly, which comprises a liquid nitrogen tank, a liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline and a liquid nitrogen funnel; the liquid nitrogen funnel penetrates through the top of the first area 73, one end of the liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline is connected with the liquid nitrogen tank, and the other end of the liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline is connected with the input port of the liquid nitrogen funnel; when the thermal protection material sample 20 is tested at-198℃--50℃, the liquid nitrogen input assembly is used to input liquid nitrogen into the first area 73 for rapid refrigeration; when the thermal protection material sample 20 is tested at-50℃-0℃, the refrigeration machine 80 is used to rapidly refrigerate the sample cavity 72.

[0147] Compared with the prior art, the refrigeration machine 80 and the liquid nitrogen refrigeration are combined to carry out refrigeration, on the one hand, when the refrigeration machine 80 or the liquid nitrogen input assembly fails, the other refrigeration mode can be switched quickly, on the other hand, when the refrigeration temperature is-198℃-50℃, if the refrigeration machine 80 is used to maintain the low temperature, the power consumption is relatively high, thereby resulting in high cost, therefore, when the refrigeration temperature is-198℃-50℃, the liquid nitrogen refrigeration is used, and the refrigeration cost can be reduced.

[0148] In order to further improve the temperature control precision of the low-temperature performance test system, one or more liquid nitrogen guide valves 88 are arranged at the bottom of the heat conduction sleeve 69, and the liquid nitrogen in the first area can enter the first area 73 through the liquid nitrogen guide valve to cool the sample. It should be noted that the above-mentioned multiple liquid nitrogen switch valves include a first liquid nitrogen switch valve 84, a second liquid nitrogen switch valve 85, a third liquid nitrogen switch valve 86 and a fourth liquid nitrogen switch valve 87, the first liquid nitrogen switch valve 84 to the fourth liquid nitrogen switch valve 87 can be controlled individually, when it is needed to sharply reduce the temperature to-198℃, the first liquid nitrogen switch valve 84 to the fourth liquid nitrogen switch valve 87 can be opened to increase the liquid nitrogen flow and flow rate of the liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen buffer zone to the sample area, that is, to increase the evaporation of the liquid nitrogen, so as to quickly cool the sample to the target temperature.

[0149] It should be noted that when the refrigeration machine 80 is used to cool the sample cavity 72, the first area 73 needs to be vacuumized by the vacuumizing assembly; when the liquid nitrogen input assembly is used to cool the sample cavity 72, the first area 73 does not need to be vacuumized, at this time, the liquid nitrogen input assembly is used to inject liquid nitrogen into the first area 73, and the heat conduction of the heat conduction sleeve 69 is used to realize the refrigeration in the sample cavity 72.

[0150] Compared with the prior art, when the refrigeration machine 80 is used, the operation is simple, and the trouble of repeatedly filling liquid nitrogen for liquid nitrogen refrigeration is avoided. At the same time, the refrigeration compressor 81 needs to be water-cooled, and water-cooled circulating water and a vacuum pump are needed to vacuumize the sample chamber.

[0151] In order to support and fix the low-temperature furnace 66, a furnace body support 76 is arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature furnace 66, and the furnace body support 76 is used to support the low-temperature furnace 66; a low-temperature container support 75 is arranged at the bottom of the low-temperature container 67, and a groove matched with the outer side of the low-temperature container 67 is arranged at the top of the low-temperature container support 75, and the bottom of the low-temperature container 67 is located in the groove.

[0152] The above merely describes preferred specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive system for performance testing of thermal protection materials, characterized in that, The high-vacuum performance test system, the thermal shock performance test system, the high-temperature performance test system, the low-temperature performance test system, the first weighing device and the first sample moving device are arranged on the first test platform. The high-temperature performance test system and the low-temperature performance test system are arranged on the first test platform, and the high-vacuum performance test system and the thermal shock performance test system are arranged on the second test platform. The first weighing device is arranged below the first sample moving device and connected with the first sample moving device. The high-temperature performance test system is used for heating the thermal protection material sample to a set test temperature and keeping the temperature for a long time, and measuring the weight change and the time of coating damage of the thermal protection material sample. The high-temperature performance test system comprises an optical high-temperature heating device and a second temperature measuring device. The optical high-temperature heating device comprises a first optical heating assembly and a second optical heating assembly which are symmetrical about the thermal protection material sample. The optical high-temperature heating device is arranged in a cavity with a polished inner surface, and a first opening is arranged above the cavity. The high-temperature performance test system further comprises a sample moving device arranged above the cavity. The first optical heating assembly comprises a first light condenser, a first heating filament and a first cylindrical mirror, and the first heating filament is arranged at the focal point of the first light condenser. The second optical heating assembly comprises a second light condenser, a second heating filament and a second cylindrical mirror, and the second heating filament is arranged at the focal point of the second light condenser. The first light condenser and the second light condenser have the same structure and are both hollow semicylinders with open top and bottom surfaces. The first cylindrical mirror and the second cylindrical mirror are both semicylinders. The first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the heat protection material sample, and arc surfaces of the first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens face the heat protection material sample; the first light condenser is arranged on one side of a rectangular surface of the first cylindrical lens, the second light condenser is arranged on one side of a rectangular surface of the second cylindrical lens, and the first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens are symmetric about the center of the heat protection material sample; The first heating filament is placed on the focal point of the first light condenser, and the second heating filament is placed on the focal point of the second light condenser, so that the light is converged into parallel light and output to the corresponding cylindrical lens, and the first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens can converge the parallel light into a long strip shape and irradiate on the heat protection material sample, so as to heat the surface of the heat protection material sample; The first light condenser and the second light condenser have a reflecting function, the first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens have a transmitting and focusing function, the first tungsten-halogen lamp is located at the focal point of the first light condenser, the second tungsten-halogen lamp is located at the focal point of the second light condenser, and the heat protection material sample is located at the focal plane of the first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens; The heating power of the optical high-temperature heating device is greater than or equal to 5 kW; the optical high-temperature heating device can heat the heat protection material to 600-2200 DEG C; and the temperature control accuracy is less than ± 5 DEG C.

2. The performance test integrated system of thermal protection materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-vacuum performance test system comprises a high-vacuum heating device, and the high-vacuum heating device comprises a horizontal vacuum heating furnace; The thermal shock performance test system comprises a thermal shock device, and the thermal shock device comprises a horizontal heating furnace; The horizontal vacuum heating furnace and the horizontal heating furnace are both provided with a hollow tubular graphite heating body; the outer surfaces of the left end and the right end of the tubular graphite heating body are attached with first graphite sleeves and second graphite sleeves which are the same in structure; the corresponding internal cavity region of the middle part of the outer surface of the tubular graphite heating body is an isothermal heating zone; and the heat protection material sample is placed in the isothermal heating zone through a sample holder.

3. The performance test integrated system of thermal protection materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer surface of the second graphite sleeve is sleeved with a third graphite sleeve, and the outer surface of the third graphite sleeve is sleeved with a fourth graphite sleeve; the third graphite sleeve and the fourth graphite sleeve are the same in structure and both have a length smaller than that of the first graphite sleeve and the second graphite sleeve; The left end of the tubular graphite heating body, the first graphite sleeve and the third graphite sleeve are arranged in alignment; the right end of the tubular graphite heating body, the second graphite sleeve and the fourth graphite sleeve are arranged in alignment; the upper part of the third graphite sleeve is connected with an input electrode, and the upper part of the fourth graphite sleeve is connected with an output electrode; The tubular graphite heating body is externally sleeved with a tubular heat insulation layer, the length of the tubular heat insulation layer is smaller than that of the tubular graphite heating body, and the left end and the right end of the tubular heat insulation layer correspondingly cover part of the first graphite sleeve and part of the second graphite sleeve.

4. The performance test integrated system of thermal protection materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high vacuum performance test system further comprises a vacuum pumping unit and a first temperature measuring device; the vacuum pumping unit is used for pumping the high vacuum heating device to a vacuum degree ≤ 6.7 × 10 -6 Pa. The first temperature measuring device is arranged outside the high-vacuum heating device and is used for measuring the real-time temperature of the heat protection material in the isothermal heating zone.

5. The performance test integrated system of thermal protection materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The high-vacuum performance test system further comprises a sample moving and weighing unit; The sample moving and weighing unit comprises a pull rod, a counterweight, a 7-shaped support frame, a first lifting belt, a balance tray, an electronic balance, a balance hook, a second lifting belt and a clamp for clamping the thermal protection material sample; The counterweight is arranged at the first end of the pull rod, the 7-shaped support frame is fixed at the second end of the pull rod, the support frame is arranged in the vertical direction, the first lifting belt is arranged at the top end of the 7-shaped support frame, the balance tray is fixed below the first lifting belt, the electronic balance is arranged on the balance tray, the balance hook is arranged at the bottom of the balance tray, the balance hook is fixedly connected with the clamp through the second lifting belt, and the clamp is used for clamping the thermal protection material sample.

6. The performance test integrated system of thermal protection materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The right end of the horizontal heating furnace body is provided with a furnace cover, the thermal protection material sample is placed in the isothermal heating zone by opening the furnace cover and using the sample holder; The sample holder comprises a pull rod and a sample tray, the sample tray comprises a ring-shaped support frame, a plurality of support ribs are arranged on the inner wall of the ring-shaped support frame in the horizontal direction, and the support ribs are used for supporting the thermal protection material sample; A plurality of limiting pieces are arranged on the ring-shaped support frame in the vertical direction at equal intervals, and the limiting pieces are used for limiting the movement of the thermal protection material sample.

7. The performance test integrated system of thermal protection materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The low-temperature performance test system comprises a low-temperature furnace, a low-temperature container and a refrigerator; the low-temperature container and the refrigerator are arranged in the low-temperature furnace; the refrigerator is in communication with the low-temperature container and can refrigerate the low-temperature container; The low-temperature container is provided with an isolation sleeve and a heat conduction sleeve, the isolation sleeve is arranged above the heat conduction sleeve, the top end of the isolation sleeve is in contact with the furnace body, the bottom end of the isolation sleeve is embedded in the annular groove arranged on the top surface of the heat conduction sleeve, the isolation sleeve is in communication with the heat conduction sleeve and arranged on the same axis; the area inside the heat conduction sleeve constitutes a sample cavity, the thermal protection material sample is arranged in the sample cavity; the area between the heat conduction sleeve, the isolation sleeve and the inner wall of the low-temperature container is defined as a first area; the first area is a vacuum environment; The heat conduction sleeve is provided with a heating element, and the heating element is used for heating the sample cavity.

8. The performance test integrated system of thermal protection materials according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat conduction sleeve is provided with an annular hole, the heating element is a resistance wire, and the resistance wire is arranged in the annular hole; The low-temperature performance test system further comprises a third temperature measuring device, the third temperature measuring device is arranged in the blind hole on the heat conduction sleeve; the third temperature measuring device and the resistance wire are connected with an external power supply.

Images