A multifunctional surveying and mapping drone for surveying and mapping geographic information

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for surveying and mapping geographic information, relates to the technical field of UAVs, solves the problem that the lens of the UAV is easily blurred when collecting images, comprises a frame and legs, the legs are fixed to the bottom of the frame, a shell is fixed at the bottom center of the frame, a surveying and mapping camera is installed at the bottom of the shell, an anti-blurring mechanism for automatically cleaning dust covered on the glass window of the surveying and mapping camera in all directions is installed inside the shell; the anti-blurring mechanism comprises a wiping component, a rotating drive mechanism and a lifting drive mechanism, the invention realizes the 360-degree rotation of the wiping component under the surveying and mapping camera without dead angles by using the rotating drive mechanism through the mutual cooperation of the designed wiping component, the rotating drive mechanism and the lifting drive mechanism, and the lifting drive mechanism can realize the storage and use of the wiping component, so that the surface of the surveying and mapping camera can be automatically cleaned in all directions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular to a multifunctional surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle for surveying and mapping geographic information. Background Art

[0002] Due to terrain factors and with the advancement of technology, drones are now used for aerial photography and mapping. Drone aerial photography and mapping is a powerful supplement to traditional aerial photogrammetry, with the characteristics of flexibility, high efficiency, precision and accuracy, low operating cost, wide application range and short production cycle. The drone is equipped with a camera to take aerial photos at high altitudes, and the captured images are transmitted to the computer through a wireless transmission device. The computer generates a three-dimensional view of the photographed objects through software and hardware. Drone aerial photography and mapping uses cameras to complete the work.

[0003] At present, when drones are surveying in windy and sandy areas, the surface of the spherical camera that collects terrain images will be covered with a lot of dust when flying in the air, so that the surveying lens is covered with dust, resulting in blurred topographic maps and large errors. At the same time, when the drone is landing, the fan blades of the drone will speed up the ground air flow at the landing location, which will cause dust to appear on the landing ground. The dust will flow upward with the wind and cover the surveying lens, so that the user needs to clean the lens during the next survey. To this end, we propose a multifunctional surveying drone for surveying geographic information. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for geographic information that can prevent blurring when collecting terrain images, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for surveying and mapping geographic information, comprising a frame and legs, wherein the legs are fixed to the bottom of the frame, a shell is fixed at the bottom center of the frame, a surveying and mapping camera is installed at the bottom of the shell, and an anti-blurring mechanism for automatically cleaning the dust covering the glass window of the surveying and mapping camera in all directions is installed inside the shell; the anti-blurring mechanism comprises a wiping assembly, a rotating drive mechanism and a lifting drive mechanism, a rectangular rotating plate is horizontally arranged in the inner cavity of the shell, a fixed shaft is slidably sleeved at the top center of the rectangular rotating plate, and the top end of the fixed shaft is rotatably connected to the inner top of the shell through a bearing, the wiping assembly is installed at the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate, the rotating drive mechanism is installed at a position close to the inner top of the shell, and the lifting drive mechanism is installed at the bottom of the rotating drive mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the wiping assembly includes a cleaning rod, a mounting plate, a driving member, a crank and a connecting rod, the cleaning rod is fixed to the bottom of the mounting plate, the top of the mounting plate is rotatably connected to one end of the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate, the driving member is fixed at the middle position of the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate, the crank is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving member, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to a side of the mounting plate away from the inner wall of the shell, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the output end of the crank. The wiping assembly can automatically clean the camera surface when it becomes blurred.

[0007] Preferably, the driving member includes a chassis, a first motor, a worm and a worm wheel, the chassis is fixed at the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate, the first motor, the worm and the worm wheel are all arranged inside the chassis, the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to the worm, the worm wheel is meshingly connected to the worm, both ends of the center axis of the worm are rotatably connected to the chassis, the crank is located on the outside of the chassis and fixedly connected to one end of the center axis of the worm, and the cleaning rod can be driven to rotate and to contact or separate from the surface of the surveying and mapping camera through the driving member.

[0008] Preferably, the active end of the cleaning rod is arc-shaped, and a cleaning cotton brush is fixed to the active end of the cleaning rod. The cleaning cotton brush can fit tightly against the outer side of the glass window of the surveying and mapping camera, and most of the dust or stain particles on the surveying and mapping camera can be scraped off by the cleaning cotton brush.

[0009] Preferably, the rotation drive mechanism includes a toothed disc, a first gear, a rotating shaft, a second motor, a power conversion unit and a conversion mechanism, the center hole of the toothed disc is fixed on the outside of the fixed shaft, the first gear is meshingly connected to the toothed disc, the rotating shaft is fixed in the center hole of the first gear, the top of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the shell, the power conversion unit is arranged between the second motor and the first gear, the conversion mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the second motor and is used to distribute the power of the second motor to the lifting drive mechanism and the power conversion unit respectively, and the rotation drive mechanism can be used to drive the rectangular rotating plate to rotate, thereby driving the wiping assembly at the bottom thereof to rotate.

[0010] Preferably, the power conversion part includes an external spline, an internal spline and a second gear, the external spline is fixed on the output shaft of the second motor, the second gear is fixed on the outside of the output shaft of the second motor, and the lifting drive mechanism is connected to the second gear through transmission, so that switching between rotation and lifting actions is facilitated through the power conversion part.

[0011] Preferably, the lifting drive mechanism includes a screw rod, a telescopic rod and a third gear, the top end of the screw rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the toothed disk through a bearing, the rectangular rotating plate is threadedly connected to the screw rod, the top end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the toothed disk, the rectangular rotating plate is slidably sleeved with the telescopic rod, and the third gear is fixed on the outside of the screw rod. The lifting drive mechanism allows the wiping assembly to freely extend into or out of the shell.

[0012] Preferably, the conversion mechanism includes a fixed plate, an electric push rod, a sliding frame and a limit block, the fixed plate is fixed on the inner top wall of the shell, the fixed plate is provided with a slide groove, the sliding frame is slidably connected in the slide groove, the two ends of the sliding frame are respectively fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod and the inner side of the second motor, the limit block is sleeved on the outer side of the electric push rod, and the electric push rod is fixed to the outer wall of the fixed plate on the side away from the second motor through the limit block, and the power of the second motor can be freely converted through the conversion mechanism.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. The present invention cooperates with the designed wiping component, the rotating drive mechanism and the lifting drive mechanism, and utilizes the rotating drive mechanism to realize the 360-degree rotation of the wiping component under the surveying and mapping camera without dead angles, and the lifting drive mechanism can realize the storage and use of the wiping component, so that the wiping component will not affect the work of the surveying and mapping camera when not in use, so that when dust appears on the surface of the surveying and mapping camera, its surface can be automatically cleaned in all directions, so as to avoid the surveying and mapping lens being covered by dust and affecting the surveying and mapping effect.

[0015] 2. The present invention can facilitate the switching between the two actions of rotation and lifting through the mutual cooperation of the power conversion part and the conversion mechanism, and further distribute the power of the second motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-blurring mechanism structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wiping assembly of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rotary drive mechanism of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting drive mechanism of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the conversion mechanism structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A magnified image of the middle A area;

[0023] Figure 8 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of area B.

[0024] In the figure: 1-frame; 2-leg; 3-shell; 4-mapping camera; 5-anti-blur mechanism; 6-wiping assembly; 7-rotation drive mechanism; 8-lifting drive mechanism; 9-rectangular rotating plate; 10-fixed shaft; 11-cleaning rod; 12-mounting plate; 13-driving member; 14-crank; 15-connecting rod; 16-chassis; 17-first motor; 18-worm; 19-worm wheel; 20-cleaning cotton brush; 21-toothed disc; 22-first gear; 23-rotating shaft; 24-second motor; 25-power conversion part; 26-conversion mechanism; 27-external spline; 28-internal spline; 29-second gear; 30-screw; 31-telescopic rod; 32-third gear; 33-fixed plate; 34-electric push rod; 35-sliding frame; 36-limiting block; 37-slide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, a multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for surveying and mapping geographic information includes a frame 1 and a leg 2, the leg 2 is fixed to the bottom of the frame 1, a shell 3 is fixed at the bottom center of the frame 1, a surveying and mapping camera 4 is installed at the bottom of the shell 3, and an anti-blurring mechanism 5 for automatically cleaning the dust covered on the glass window of the surveying and mapping camera 4 in all directions is installed inside the shell 3; the anti-blurring mechanism 5 includes a wiping component 6, a rotating drive mechanism 7 and a lifting drive mechanism 8, a rectangular rotating plate 9 is horizontally arranged in the inner cavity of the shell 3, a fixed shaft 10 is slidably sleeved at the top center of the rectangular rotating plate 9, and the top end of the fixed shaft 10 is rotatably connected to the inner top of the shell 3 through a bearing, and the wiping component Component 6 is installed at the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate 9, the rotating drive mechanism 7 is installed at a position close to the top of the shell 3, and the lifting drive mechanism 8 is installed at the bottom of the rotating drive mechanism 7. Through the designed wiping component 6, the rotating drive mechanism 7 and the lifting drive mechanism 8 cooperate with each other, the rotating drive mechanism 7 is used to realize the wiping component 6 to rotate 360 ​​degrees without dead angles under the surveying and mapping camera 4, and the lifting drive mechanism 8 can realize the storage and use of the wiping component 6, so that the wiping component 6 will not affect the work of the surveying and mapping camera 4 when it is not in use, so that when dust appears on the surface of the surveying and mapping camera 4, its surface can be automatically cleaned in all directions to avoid the surveying and mapping lens being covered by dust and affecting the surveying and mapping effect.

[0027] Among them, Figure 3 As shown, in order to automatically clean the camera surface when it becomes blurred, the wiping assembly 6 includes a cleaning rod 11, a mounting plate 12, a driving member 13, a crank 14 and a connecting rod 15. The cleaning rod 11 is fixed to the bottom of the mounting plate 12, the top of the mounting plate 12 is rotatably connected to one end of the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate 9, the driving member 13 is fixed at the middle position of the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate 9, the crank 14 is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving member 13, one end of the connecting rod 15 is rotatably connected to a side of the mounting plate 12 away from the inner wall of the shell 3, and the other end of the connecting rod 15 is rotatably connected to the output end of the crank 14.

[0028] At the same time, if Figure 7 As shown, in order to drive the cleaning rod 11 to rotate and make the cleaning rod 11 contact or separate from the surface of the surveying and mapping camera 4, the driving member 13 includes a chassis 16, a first motor 17, a worm 18 and a worm wheel 19. The chassis 16 is fixed to the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate 9, and the first motor 17, the worm 18 and the worm wheel 19 are all arranged inside the chassis 16. The output end of the first motor 17 is fixedly connected to the worm 18, and the worm wheel 19 is meshedly connected to the worm 18. Both ends of the center axis of the worm 18 are rotatably connected to the chassis 16, and the crank 14 is located on the outside of the chassis 16 and is fixedly connected to one end of the center axis of the worm 18.

[0029] In addition, if Figure 3As shown, in order to scrape off most of the dust or stain particles on the surveying and mapping camera 4, the active end of the cleaning rod 11 is arc-shaped, and a cleaning cotton brush 20 is fixed to the active end of the cleaning rod 11, and the cleaning cotton brush 20 can fit tightly against the outer side of the glass window of the surveying and mapping camera 4.

[0030] When the UAV is flying in the air, blurring can be detected on the surveying and mapping camera 4 through remote monitoring. At this time, the lifting drive mechanism 8 can be started first, and the lifting drive mechanism 8 moves the rectangular rotating plate 9 and the wiping assembly 6 out of the inner cavity of the shell 3. When the lifting drive mechanism 8 reaches the maximum stroke, the cleaning rod 11 is just completely moved out of the shell 3, and then the first motor 17 is started to work, and the first motor 17 drives the worm 18 to rotate, and the worm 18 drives the worm gear 19 to rotate, and the worm gear 19 drives the crank 14 to rotate an angle, and drives the connecting rod 15 to pull the mounting plate 12 to rotate an angle, and the mounting plate 12 drives the cleaning rod 11 to rotate, so that its working end contacts the surface of the surveying and mapping camera 4, and then the rotation drive mechanism 7 provides power to drive the rectangular rotating plate 9 to rotate, and the rectangular rotating plate 9 drives the cleaning rod 11 at its bottom to rotate 360 ​​degrees without dead angles under the surveying and mapping camera 4, thereby achieving an all-round automatic cleaning effect on the surface of the surveying and mapping camera 4, and avoiding the surveying and mapping lens being covered by dust to affect the surveying and mapping effect. Example

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment further illustrates Example 1. The rotating drive mechanism 7 shown in the figure includes a toothed disc 21, a first gear 22, a rotating shaft 23, a second motor 24, a power conversion unit 25 and a conversion mechanism 26. The center hole of the toothed disc 21 is fixed on the outside of the fixed shaft 10, the first gear 22 is meshed and connected with the toothed disc 21, the rotating shaft 23 is fixed in the center hole of the first gear 22, the top of the rotating shaft 23 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the shell 3, the power conversion unit 25 is arranged between the second motor 24 and the first gear 22, the conversion mechanism 26 is arranged on the rear side of the second motor 24 and is used to distribute the power of the second motor 24 to the lifting drive mechanism 8 and the power conversion unit 25 respectively, and the rotating drive mechanism 7 can be used to drive the rectangular rotating plate 9 to rotate, thereby driving the wiping assembly 6 at the bottom thereof to rotate.

[0032] Among them, Figure 8 As shown, in order to facilitate switching between the two actions of rotation and lifting, the power conversion unit 25 includes an external spline 27, an internal spline 28 and a second gear 29, the external spline 27 is fixed on the output shaft of the second motor 24, the second gear 29 is fixed on the outside of the output shaft of the second motor 24, and the lifting drive mechanism 8 is connected to the second gear 29 in transmission.

[0033] In addition, if Figure 6As shown, in order to freely convert the power of the second motor 24, the conversion mechanism 26 includes a fixed plate 33, an electric push rod 34, a sliding frame 35 and a limit block 36. The fixed plate 33 is fixed on the inner top wall of the shell 3. A sliding groove 37 is provided on the fixed plate 33. The sliding frame 35 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 37. The two ends of the sliding frame 35 are respectively fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod 34 and the inner side of the second motor 24. The limit block 36 is sleeved on the outer side of the electric push rod 34. The electric push rod 34 is fixed to the outer wall of the fixed plate 33 on the side away from the second motor 24 through the limit block 36.

[0034] When the wiping assembly 6 is rotated: first, the electric push rod 34 is started, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod 34 drives the sliding frame 35 to move upward, and the sliding frame 35 drives the second motor 24 to move upward, so that the external spline 27 on the output end of the second motor 24 slides into the internal spline 28 at the bottom of the rotating shaft 23, thereby completing the docking of the rotating power, and then the second motor 24 is started to work, and the second motor 24 drives the rotating shaft 23 to rotate, and the rotation drives the first gear 22 to rotate, and the first gear 22 drives the toothed disc 21 to rotate, and the toothed disc 21 drives the fixed shaft 10 to rotate, so that the rectangular rotating plate 9 at the bottom of the fixed shaft 10 rotates together, and the rectangular rotating plate 9 will drive the wiping assembly 6 to rotate together. Example

[0035] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment further illustrates Example 1. The lifting drive mechanism 8 shown in the figure includes a screw rod 30, a telescopic rod 31 and a third gear 32. The top end of the screw rod 30 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the toothed disc 21 through a bearing, the rectangular rotating plate 9 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 30, the top end of the telescopic rod 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the toothed disc 21, the top of the rectangular rotating plate 9 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod 31, and the third gear 32 is fixed to the outside of the screw rod 30. The wiping assembly 6 is freely extended into or out of the shell 3 through the lifting drive mechanism 8; the power conversion part 25 includes an external spline 27, an internal spline 28 and a second gear 29. The external spline 27 is fixed on the output shaft of the second motor 24, and the second gear 29 is fixed on the outside of the output shaft of the second motor 24. The lifting drive mechanism 8 is transmission-connected to the second gear 29, and the power conversion part 25 facilitates switching between the two actions of rotation and lifting.

[0036] Among them, Figure 6As shown, in order to freely convert the power of the second motor 24, the conversion mechanism 26 includes a fixed plate 33, an electric push rod 34, a sliding frame 35 and a limit block 36. The fixed plate 33 is fixed on the inner top wall of the shell 3. A sliding groove 37 is provided on the fixed plate 33. The sliding frame 35 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 37. The two ends of the sliding frame 35 are respectively fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod 34 and the inner side of the second motor 24. The limit block 36 is sleeved on the outer side of the electric push rod 34. The electric push rod 34 is fixed to the outer wall of the fixed plate 33 on the side away from the second motor 24 through the limit block 36.

[0037] When extending the cleaning rod 11 out of the shell 3: first, start the electric push rod 34, the telescopic end of the electric push rod 34 drives the sliding frame 35 to move downward, and the sliding frame 35 drives the second motor 24 to move downward, so that the second gear 29 fixed on the second motor 24 is engaged with the third gear 32, and then start the second motor 24 to work, the second motor 24 drives the screw rod 30 to rotate, and the screw rod 30 drives the rectangular rotating plate 9 to move downward in the shell 3, so that the cleaning rod 11 on the wiping assembly 6 at the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate 9 is completely extended out of the shell 3.

[0038] In this solution, the first motor 17 and the second motor 24 are preferably model Y80M1-2, the electric push rod 34 is preferably model ANT-26, the power supply interface of the motor is connected to the power supply system through a switch, the motor operation circuit is a conventional motor forward and reverse control program, and the circuit operation is an existing conventional circuit. The circuits and controls involved in this solution are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated on here.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for surveying and mapping geographic information, comprising a frame (1) and a leg (2), wherein the leg (2) is fixed to the bottom of the frame (1), and characterized in that: A shell (3) is fixed at the bottom center of the frame (1), a surveying camera (4) is installed at the bottom of the shell (3), and an anti-blurring mechanism (5) for automatically cleaning dust covering the glass window of the surveying camera (4) in all directions is installed inside the shell (3); the anti-blurring mechanism (5) comprises a wiping assembly (6), a rotating drive mechanism (7) and a lifting drive mechanism (8), a rectangular rotating plate (9) is horizontally arranged in the inner cavity of the shell (3), a fixed shaft (10) is slidably sleeved at the top center of the rectangular rotating plate (9), and the top end of the fixed shaft (10) is rotatably connected to the inner top of the shell (3) through a bearing, the wiping assembly (6) is installed at the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate (9), the rotating drive mechanism (7) is installed at a position close to the inner top of the shell (3), and the lifting drive mechanism (8) is installed at the bottom of the rotating drive mechanism (7); The rotary drive mechanism (7) comprises a toothed disc (21), a first gear (22), a rotating shaft (23), a second motor (24), a power conversion unit (25) and a conversion mechanism (26); the center hole of the toothed disc (21) is fixed to the outside of the fixed shaft (10); the first gear (22) is meshingly connected with the toothed disc (21); the rotating shaft (23) is fixed in the center hole of the first gear (22); the top of the rotating shaft (23) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the housing (3); the power conversion unit (25) is arranged between the second motor (24) and the first gear (22); the conversion mechanism (26) is arranged at the rear side of the second motor (24) and is used to distribute the power of the second motor (24) to the lifting drive mechanism (8) and the power conversion unit (25) respectively; The power conversion unit (25) comprises an external spline (27), an internal spline (28) and a second gear (29); the external spline (27) is fixed to the output shaft of the second motor (24); the second gear (29) is fixed to the outside of the output shaft of the second motor (24); and the lifting drive mechanism (8) is drivingly connected to the second gear (29).

2. The multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for surveying and mapping geographic information according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wiping assembly (6) comprises a cleaning rod (11), a mounting plate (12), a driving member (13), a crank (14) and a connecting rod (15); the cleaning rod (11) is fixed to the bottom of the mounting plate (12); the top of the mounting plate (12) is rotatably connected to one end of the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate (9); the driving member (13) is fixed at a middle position of the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate (9); the crank (14) is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving member (13); one end of the connecting rod (15) is rotatably connected to a side of the mounting plate (12) away from the inner wall of the housing (3); and the other end of the connecting rod (15) is rotatably connected to the output end of the crank (14).

3. The multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for surveying and mapping geographic information according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving member (13) comprises a chassis (16), a first motor (17), a worm (18) and a worm wheel (19); the chassis (16) is fixed to the bottom of the rectangular rotating plate (9); the first motor (17), the worm (18) and the worm wheel (19) are all arranged inside the chassis (16); the output end of the first motor (17) is fixedly connected to the worm (18); the worm wheel (19) is meshingly connected to the worm (18); both ends of the center axis of the worm (18) are rotatably connected to the chassis (16); and the crank (14) is located outside the chassis (16) and is fixedly connected to one end of the center axis of the worm (18).

4. The multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for surveying and mapping geographic information according to claim 2, characterized in that: The active end of the cleaning rod (11) is arc-shaped, and a cleaning cotton brush (20) is fixed to the active end of the cleaning rod (11), and the cleaning cotton brush (20) can fit tightly against the outer side of the glass window of the surveying and mapping camera (4).

5. The multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for surveying and mapping geographic information according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting drive mechanism (8) comprises a screw rod (30), a telescopic rod (31) and a third gear (32); the top end of the screw rod (30) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the toothed disc (21) via a bearing; the rectangular rotating plate (9) is threadedly connected to the screw rod (30); the top end of the telescopic rod (31) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the toothed disc (21); the top end of the rectangular rotating plate (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the telescopic rod (31); and the third gear (32) is fixed to the outside of the screw rod (30).

6. The multifunctional surveying and mapping UAV for surveying and mapping geographic information according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conversion mechanism (26) comprises a fixed plate (33), an electric push rod (34), a sliding frame (35) and a limit block (36); the fixed plate (33) is fixed to the inner top wall of the housing (3); a sliding groove (37) is provided on the fixed plate (33); the sliding frame (35) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (37); two ends of the sliding frame (35) are respectively fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod (34) and the inner side of the second motor (24); the limit block (36) is sleeved on the outer side of the electric push rod (34); and the electric push rod (34) is fixed to the outer wall of the fixed plate (33) on a side away from the second motor (24) through the limit block (36).

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