Preparation methods of battery cathode materials, battery preparation methods and batteries

Abstract

This application discloses a method for preparing a battery positive electrode material, a battery preparation method, and a battery. The method for preparing the battery positive electrode material includes mixing a base material and a target material to obtain a first battery material; and firing the first battery material to obtain the positive electrode material of the battery; wherein the positive electrode material has a ceramic surface layer. This application obtains the first battery material by mixing the base material and the target material, so that the positive electrode material obtained by firing the first battery material has a ceramic surface layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic device fabrication technology, and in particular to methods for preparing battery cathode materials, battery fabrication methods, and batteries. Background Technology

[0002] As electronic devices become increasingly functional, users also demand longer battery life. However, instability in the cathode material structure and the exacerbation of side reactions between the cathode material and the electrolyte can lead to serious battery safety and performance issues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a method for preparing a battery cathode material, a battery preparation method, and a battery.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for preparing a positive electrode material for a battery, comprising:

[0005] The base material and the target material are mixed to obtain the first battery material;

[0006] The first battery material is fired to obtain the positive electrode material of the battery; wherein the positive electrode material has a ceramic surface layer.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the mixing of the base material and the target material to obtain the first battery material includes:

[0008] The base material and the target material are ball-milled to mix them to obtain the first battery material.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the first battery material comprises 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% of the target material.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the components of the target material include silicon and aluminum.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the target material is 2SiO2·Al2O3·2H2O.

[0012] In one possible implementation, when the first battery material is fired to obtain the positive electrode material, the firing temperature is 600°C to 800°C and the firing time is 4 to 12 hours.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a battery manufacturing method, comprising:

[0014] Determine a negative electrode material that matches the positive electrode material described in any one of the first aspects;

[0015] A battery is formed based on the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material.

[0016] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a positive electrode material for a battery, comprising:

[0017] Basic materials;

[0018] A ceramic surface layer that covers the base material.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the ceramic surface layer is an amorphous layer.

[0020] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a battery, including a negative electrode material and a positive electrode material as described in any one of the third aspects.

[0021] In this embodiment, the base material and the target material are mixed to obtain the first battery material, so that the positive electrode material obtained by firing the first battery material has a ceramic surface layer. The ceramic surface layer isolates the positive electrode material from the direct contact with the electrolyte, thereby avoiding battery safety and performance problems caused by the aggravation of side reactions between the positive electrode material and the electrolyte. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The following drawings, which are incorporated herein by reference as part of this disclosure, are provided for understanding the disclosure. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and their descriptions, serving to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0023] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a positive electrode material for a battery provided in this application is shown;

[0024] Figure 2 A comparison diagram of the electrochemical performance of the first cathode material and the second cathode material provided in this application is shown;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a positive electrode material for a battery provided in this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Various embodiments and features of this application are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] It should be understood that various modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein. Therefore, the above description should not be considered as limiting, but merely as an example of embodiments. Other modifications within the scope and spirit of this application will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present application and, together with the general description of the present application given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0029] These and other features of this application will become apparent from the following description of preferred forms of embodiments given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] It should also be understood that although this application has been described with reference to some specific examples, those skilled in the art can certainly implement many other equivalent forms of this application, which have the features described in the claims and are therefore all within the scope of protection defined herein.

[0031] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and in view of the following detailed description.

[0032] Specific embodiments of this application are described thereafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, it should be understood that the claimed embodiments are merely examples of this application, which can be implemented in various ways. Well-known and / or repeated functions and structures are not described in detail to avoid unnecessary or redundant details that could obscure the application. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details claimed herein are not intended to be limiting, but merely serve as the basis and representative basis for the claims to teach those skilled in the art to use this application in a variety of substantially any suitable detailed structures.

[0033] This specification may use the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in another embodiment,” “in yet another embodiment,” or “in other embodiments,” all of which may refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments according to this application.

[0034] One related solution is to address the contact reaction between the cathode material and the electrolyte by surface coating the cathode material, i.e., forming a protective layer on the surface of the cathode material. However, the surface coating process introduces a modification layer that does not have electrochemical activity, reducing the energy density of the cathode material. At the same time, due to the complexity of the coating process, it leads to low preparation efficiency and instability of the protective layer, such as cracking.

[0035] The method for preparing the battery cathode material provided in this application can, without affecting the energy density and preparation efficiency of the cathode material, isolate the cathode material and the electrolyte from direct contact through a ceramic surface layer, thereby avoiding battery safety and performance issues caused by the aggravation of side reactions between the cathode material and the electrolyte. To facilitate understanding of this application, a detailed description of the method for preparing the battery cathode material provided in this application will be given first.

[0036] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a method for preparing the positive electrode material of a battery according to an embodiment of this application, wherein specific steps include S101 and S102.

[0037] S101, mix the base material and the target material to obtain the first battery material.

[0038] In practical implementation, the basic materials are some of the materials used in battery preparation, such as LiTMO2, TM=Ni, Co, Mn, etc. Of course, it can also be multiple of LiTMO2, TM=Ni, Co, Mn, such as LiNi. 0.9 Co 0.1 O2, etc., are not specifically limited in this application embodiment.

[0039] Optionally, the target material provided in the embodiments of this application includes silicon and aluminum. As one example, the target material is 2SiO2·Al2O3·2H2O. Those skilled in the art should know that it can also be other oxides of silicon and aluminum, etc.

[0040] When mixing the base material and the target material, the base material and the target material can be ball-milled using a high-energy ball mill to obtain a first battery material. The first battery material obtained by mixing comprises 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% of the target material.

[0041] S102, the first battery material is fired to obtain the positive electrode material of the battery; wherein the positive electrode material has a ceramic surface layer.

[0042] After obtaining the first battery material, the first battery material is sintered to obtain the positive electrode material. Optionally, when sintering the first battery material, the sintering temperature is 600℃~800℃ and the sintering time is 4~12 hours.

[0043] In practice, during the firing process of the first battery material, the water of crystallization in the target material is released, causing a change in the crystal structure of the target material. This results in a denser crystal structure, forming a stable ceramic surface layer. This ceramic surface layer serves as the surface layer of the cathode material, effectively encapsulating the base material. Notably, this ceramic surface layer is non-amorphous, meaning it undergoes no further modification after firing. By firing the base material and the mixed materials, the cathode material is obtained, ensuring both energy density and performance stability while improving production efficiency.

[0044] The ceramic surface layer effectively blocks direct contact between the base material and the electrolyte, thus avoiding battery safety and performance issues caused by the aggravated side reactions between the cathode material and the electrolyte. This prevents problems such as reduced active lithium ion quantity, battery bulging, increased internal resistance, and drastic capacity decay. At the same time, the protective effect of the ceramic surface layer greatly improves the high-temperature and high-pressure performance of the cathode material. Furthermore, the composition of the ceramic surface layer can also allow for normal lithium ion insertion and extraction to a certain extent, ensuring that electrochemical performance is not excessively compromised.

[0045] As one example, Figure 2 shows a comparison of the electrochemical performance of a first cathode material prepared using existing technology and a second cathode material prepared using the preparation method of the embodiments of this application, wherein... Figure 2 The electrochemical performance comparison chart was tested under the following conditions: the base material was LiNi. 0.9 Co 0.1 O2, target material modification amount 1wt%, firing conditions 750℃@5h, testing conditions 4.4V-2.75V (vs. Li / Li+), 1C / 1C, 35℃. Figure 2 It is known that the electrochemical performance of the second cathode material prepared by the preparation method of this application embodiment is better than that of the first cathode material prepared by the prior art. That is, the battery prepared by the second cathode material has a larger capacity and reduces the loss of electrochemical performance.

[0046] Compared to the current use of precious metal compounds such as Rh, Mo, Pd, La, and Sr to enhance the structural stability of cathode materials, the embodiments of this application utilize readily available and inexpensive target materials such as 2SiO2·Al2O3·2H2O to prepare cathode materials, which greatly reduces the raw material cost of cathode materials. Furthermore, the preparation process of cathode materials does not require the introduction of additional preparation equipment, is equivalent to existing processes, is simple to operate, and does not increase preparation costs. Moreover, since the target material itself is non-polluting to the environment, the preparation process of the cathode material will not generate any polluting materials, and it can also reduce carbon emissions, meeting environmental protection requirements.

[0047] This application also provides a battery preparation method, which requires the use of the above-prepared positive electrode material to prepare the battery. Optionally, after the positive electrode material is prepared by the above-prepared positive electrode material preparation method, a negative electrode material that matches the positive electrode material is determined.

[0048] The negative electrode material is typically a carbon-based material, such as graphite, soft carbon (e.g., coke), or hard carbon. It can also be a nitride, tin-based oxide, tin alloy, or other intermetallic compounds. Optionally, the negative electrode active material (carbon or non-carbon), binder, and additives are mixed to form a paste-like adhesive, which is then evenly coated onto both sides of a copper foil, dried, and rolled to form the negative electrode material. As long as the negative electrode material has high specific energy, a relatively low electrode potential compared to the lithium electrode, good reversibility of the charge-discharge reaction, good compatibility with the electrolyte and binder, stability in air, and no toxic side effects, this application does not impose specific limitations in these aspects.

[0049] After determining the negative electrode material that matches the positive electrode material, a battery is formed based on the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material. The process of preparing a battery using the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material will not be described in detail in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] This application also provides a positive electrode material for a battery, which is prepared according to the above-described method for preparing a positive electrode material for a battery. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The schematic diagram shown is of the structure of the positive electrode material of the battery. Figure 3 It is known that the positive electrode material of the battery includes a base material 11 and a ceramic surface layer 12 covering the base material 11.

[0051] It is worth noting that the ceramic surface layer in this embodiment is a non-shaped layer, meaning that no further finishing treatment is applied to the ceramic surface layer after firing.

[0052] This application embodiment also provides a battery, which includes a negative electrode material and Figure 3 The cathode material shown.

[0053] Furthermore, although exemplary embodiments have been described herein, their scope includes any and all embodiments based on this application that have equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., schemes involving intersections of various embodiments), adaptations, or alterations. Elements in the claims will be interpreted broadly based on the language used in the claims and are not limited to the examples described in this specification or during the implementation of this application, which will be interpreted as non-exclusive. Therefore, this specification and examples are intended to be considered illustrative only, and the true scope and spirit are indicated by the full scope of the following claims and their equivalents.

[0054] The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above examples (or one or more of them) can be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments can be used by those skilled in the art when reading the above description. Furthermore, in the above detailed description, various features may be grouped together to simplify the application. This should not be construed as an intention that a disclosed feature not claimed is necessary for any claim. Rather, the subject matter of the application may be less than all the features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are incorporated herein by reference as examples or embodiments, wherein each claim is an independent, separate embodiment, and these embodiments are contemplated to be combined with each other in various combinations or arrangements. The scope of this application should be determined by reference to the appended claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

[0055] The foregoing has described in detail several embodiments of this application, but this application is not limited to these specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various variations and modifications based on the concept of this application, and all such variations and modifications should fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a battery cathode material, comprising: The base material and the target material are mixed to obtain the first battery material; The first battery material is fired to obtain the positive electrode material of the battery; wherein, the positive electrode material has a ceramic surface layer, the ceramic surface layer is an amorphous layer, the ceramic surface layer is formed by the removal of the crystal water of the target material during the firing process of the first battery material, and the target material is 2SiO2•Al2O3•2H2O. The process of mixing the base material and the target material to obtain the first battery material includes: The base material and the target material are ball-milled to mix them and obtain the first battery material; When the first battery material is fired to obtain the positive electrode material, the firing temperature is 600℃~800℃ and the firing time is 4~12 hours, so that the water of crystallization of the target material is removed, thereby forming a dense and stable ceramic surface layer.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the first battery material comprises 0.1wt% to 5wt% of the target material.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the components of the target material include silicon and aluminum.

4. A method for manufacturing a battery, comprising: Determine a negative electrode material that matches the positive electrode material according to any one of claims 1-3; A battery is formed based on the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material.

5. A positive electrode material for a battery, prepared using the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising: Basic materials; A ceramic surface layer covering the base material; The ceramic surface layer is a non-amorphous layer; The ceramic surface layer is formed by the removal of the crystal water of the target material during the firing process of the first battery material. The first battery material is obtained by ball milling and mixing the base material and the target material.

6. A battery comprising a negative electrode material and a positive electrode material as described in claim 5.

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