Mesh unit, mesh structure in segmented stope filling body and false roof construction method

Abstract

The application provides a muscle net unit, a muscle net structure in a segmented stope filling body and a false roof construction method, and relates to the technical field of mining. The muscle net unit provided by the application comprises a support rod group, a mesh, a conical muscle bundle and a fixing rod piece. The support rod group comprises three support rods forming three edges of a triangular prism structure. The mesh is connected between any two adjacent support rods. The fixing rod piece is connected between the two support rods connected with the mesh. The divergent end of the conical muscle bundle is connected with the two support rods connected with the mesh, and the convergent end of the conical muscle bundle is connected with the remaining one support rod. The muscle net unit provided by the application has stable structure and strong deformation resistance. The muscle net unit can be manufactured outside the stope. After the manufacturing is completed, the mining personnel can transport the muscle net unit to the stope by using a remote-controlled shovel truck for laying and installation. The mining personnel can not enter the stope, and the construction of the muscle net of the false roof of the filling body in the segmented stope is realized. The safety of the mining personnel is effectively ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a reinforcement mesh unit, a reinforcement mesh structure in the filling body of a segmented stope, and a method for constructing a false roof. Background Technology

[0002] Backfill mining is a green mining technology and represents the future direction of underground metallic and non-metallic mineral mining. Backfill mining is generally divided into ascending and descending mining based on the mining sequence. Ascending mining involves mining the next layer or section of the stope after filling it, then moving on to the next layer or section. The mining sequence is vertically from bottom to top, and the ore body serves as the roof during the stope recovery process. Descending mining involves mining the previous layer or section of the stope after filling it, then moving on to the next layer or section. The mining sequence is vertically from top to bottom, and the backfill material of the previous layer or section serves as the roof during the stope recovery process. Backfill mining can also be divided into access mining and sub-mining based on stope size. Access mining typically has a square cross-section with a span of 3-4m, generally not exceeding 5m. Sub-mining has a span and height greater than 5m, with a span generally ranging from 8-20m and a height generally ranging from 10-30m. Upward-moving backfill mining, using the ore body as the roof, generally requires relatively stable ore and rock. If the ore is unstable, roof collapse can affect production safety and stability. Downward-moving backfill mining, using the backfill body as the roof, is suitable for mining ore bodies with relatively fractured rock. However, it requires high-quality backfill; unstable backfill quality can also lead to collapse, affecting production safety. To ensure backfill quality, reinforcement is laid at the bottom of the approach stope to improve the quality of the backfill and thus ensure the safety of the roof of the backfill body in the next mining layer.

[0003] The general method for laying reinforcement at the bottom of a down-type access stope is as follows: a layer of crushed stone with a thickness of about 30 cm is evenly spread at the bottom of the access stope, followed by the laying of a steel mesh frame, which is then fixed to the stope roof with suspension bars. The mesh size of the suspension bars is generally 1.6m × 1.6m, and the diameter of the steel bars is ф = 10mm.

[0004] Downward-approach backfilling mining has been successfully applied in the mining of fractured ore bodies. Its key lies in the construction of a high-quality backfill false roof. Because of the use of downward-approach backfilling, the stope size is small, allowing personnel to enter the stope for related reinforcement work, thus ensuring backfill quality. However, this method has limited stope production capacity, high labor intensity, and high mining costs, thus restricting its application. In recent years, with the advancement of paste backfilling technology and backfill mechanics research, relevant research institutes have proposed a downward-approach segmented backfilling mining scheme. The key to this scheme is the construction of a high-quality backfill body to provide a stable backfill false roof for expanding the stope size. However, segmented stopes differ from downward-approach stopes; their span and height are much larger, making it difficult for personnel to accurately identify and address roof safety risks. Therefore, safety regulations do not allow personnel to enter the segmented stope, which prevents backfill reinforcement work. How to construct a high-quality backfill false roof within the segmented stope becomes the key to downward-approach segmented backfilling mining. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a reinforcement mesh unit, a reinforcement mesh structure in the filling body of a segmented stope, and a method for constructing a false roof. Miners can construct the bottom reinforcement mesh of the false roof in the filling body of the segmented stope without entering the stope, thus effectively ensuring the safety of miners.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a ribbed mesh unit, comprising a support rod assembly, a mesh sheet, tapered rib bundles, and fixing rods;

[0008] The support rod assembly includes three support rods that form the three edges of the triangular prism structure;

[0009] The mesh is connected between any two adjacent support rods, and the fixing rod is connected between the two support rods to which the mesh is connected;

[0010] The diverging end of the tapered rib bundle is connected to the two support rods connected to the mesh, and the converging end of the tapered rib bundle is connected to the remaining support rod.

[0011] Furthermore, the vertical distance between at least two of the support rods is equal.

[0012] Furthermore, there are multiple tapered rib bundles and multiple fixing rods, with the tapered rib bundles distributed at intervals along a direction parallel to the length of each support rod, and the multiple fixing rods distributed at intervals along a direction parallel to the length of each support rod.

[0013] Furthermore, a fixing member is provided between two adjacent tapered rib bundles.

[0014] Furthermore, the tapered rib bundle includes a first rib, a second rib, and a third rib;

[0015] The first end of the first rib is connected to one of the two support rods connected to the mesh, the first end of the second rib is connected to one of the two support rods connected to the mesh, and the first end of the third rib is connected to one of the two support rods connected to the mesh. The first ends of the first rib, the second rib, and the third rib are not connected to the same support rod.

[0016] The second ends of the first, second, and third reinforcing bars are tied and fixed, and connected to the support rod to which the mesh is not connected.

[0017] Furthermore, the first rib, the second rib, and the third rib each include a rib body and a first plate connected to at least one end of the rib body. One end of the rib body is connected to one of the two support rods connected to the mesh, and the other end is connected to the support rod not connected to the mesh. The first plate is perpendicular to the rib body.

[0018] Furthermore, the ends of the main body of the first, second, and third ribs all extend outward relative to the support rod connected to those ends.

[0019] Furthermore, the fixing rod includes a rod body and a second plate body connected to at least one end of the rod body. The rod body is connected to two support rods connected to the mesh, and the second plate body is perpendicular to the rod body.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention also provides a reinforcing mesh structure within a segmented mining area filling body, comprising multiple reinforcing mesh units as described above, each of the reinforcing mesh units being an independent structure.

[0021] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a method for constructing a false roof, using the above-mentioned reinforcing mesh unit, comprising:

[0022] The remote-controlled loader transports each of the aforementioned reinforcement mesh units to a designated location in the mining area, and then lays each of the aforementioned reinforcement mesh units within the mining area.

[0023] The mining area is then filled.

[0024] The reinforcement mesh unit, the reinforcement mesh structure in the segmented stope filling body, and the method for constructing a false roof provided by this invention can produce the following beneficial effects:

[0025] In the reinforcement mesh unit provided by the first aspect of the present invention, the support rod assembly includes three support rods forming three edges of a triangular prism structure. Connected by tapered rib bundles, the three support rods form a stable triangular support structure. The tapered rib bundles act as connecting supports, and together with the fixing rods, they increase the overall stability of the reinforcement mesh unit. Simultaneously, the mesh sheet bears the load of the filling material, transferring the deformation of the filling material to the support rod assembly, tapered rib bundles, and fixing rods, collectively constraining the filling material. The aforementioned reinforcement mesh unit exhibits good resistance to deformation in both directions parallel and perpendicular to the length of the support rods. Furthermore, the entire structure can be assembled independently in the mining area, and after assembly, it can be transported to the mining area by a remote-controlled loader for installation.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the reinforcement mesh unit structure provided by the first aspect of the present invention is stable and has strong resistance to deformation. It can be manufactured outside the mining area. After the manufacturing is completed, the miners can transport it to the mining area for laying and installation by remote-controlled loader. The miners do not need to enter the mining area, thereby realizing the construction of the reinforcement mesh at the bottom of the false roof of the filling body in the segmented mining area, effectively ensuring the safety of the miners.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the reinforcing mesh structure in the segmented stope filling body provided by the second aspect of the present invention includes multiple independent reinforcing mesh units. Before grouting the stope, the above-mentioned reinforcing mesh structure can be laid in the stope to enhance the strength of the false roof of the filling body.

[0028] Compared to existing technologies, the false roof construction method provided in the third aspect of this invention first involves remotely controlling a loader to transport each reinforcing mesh unit to a designated location in the stope, laying each reinforcing mesh unit within the stope, and then backfilling the stope. In this false roof construction method, miners can remotely control the loader to bring the reinforcing mesh units into the stope, allowing miners to avoid entering the stope and transferring the assembly of the reinforcing mesh outside the stope. This makes the construction process safer and enables the construction of high-quality backfill within segmented stopes, providing technical support for downslope segmented backfilling mining. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the ribbed mesh unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the tapered rib bundle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the first reinforcing bar provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 A side view of the ribbed mesh unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a design drawing for reinforcement laying in a mining area, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Icons: 1-Support rod group; 11-Support rod; 2-Mesh sheet; 3-Conical rib bundle; 31-First rib; 311-Rib body; 312-First plate; 32-Second rib; 33-Third rib; 4-Fixing member; 41-Rib body; 42-Second plate; 5-Mining area. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0040] A first aspect of the present invention provides a ribbed unit, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a support rod assembly 1, a mesh 2, a tapered rib bundle 3, and a fixing rod 4; the support rod assembly 1 includes three support rods 11 that form the three edges of the triangular prism structure; the mesh 2 is connected between any two adjacent support rods 11, and a fixing rod 4 is connected between the two support rods 11 connected to the mesh 2; the diverging end of the tapered rib bundle 3 is connected to the two support rods 11 connected to the mesh 2, and the converging end of the tapered rib bundle 3 is connected to the remaining support rod 11.

[0041] The aforementioned reinforcement mesh unit breaks away from the traditional method of requiring miners to enter the mining area to lay reinforcement at the bottom of the mining area. Instead, it adopts an independent reinforcement mesh unit structure that can be assembled outside the mining area. After assembly, a remote-controlled loader transports each reinforcement mesh unit to a designated location in mining area 5. The entire process does not require miners to enter the mining area, thus meeting the requirements of safety regulations.

[0042] Specifically, the aforementioned ribbed unit includes three support rods 11 that form the three edges of the triangular prism structure, i.e., as shown in the figure. Figure 1 As shown, after connecting the ends of each support rod 11 on the same side in sequence by dashed lines, the three support rods 11 form the outline of a triangular prism. Through the connection of the tapered rib bundle 3 and the fixed rod 4, a stable support structure is formed. It has good resistance to deformation in both the direction parallel to the length of the support rod 11 and the direction perpendicular to the length of the support rod 11. At the same time, the mesh 2 plays a role in bearing the load of the filling body, and transfers the deformation of the filling body to the support rod group 1, the tapered rib bundle 3 and the fixed rod 4. Under the constraint of the rods and rib bundles, a stable false roof structure is formed.

[0043] In some embodiments, the vertical distance between at least two support rods 11 is equal, that is, the triangle formed by connecting the ends of each support rod 11 on the same side is an equilateral triangle or an isosceles triangle.

[0044] The length of the line connecting the ends of any two support rods 11 on the same side is 0.5m-3m. Specifically, it can be 0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m, 2.0m, 2.5m or 3m.

[0045] In addition, the length of the support rod 11 can be 1.5m-5.5m, specifically 1.5m, 2.0m, 2.5m, 3.0m, 3.5m, 4.0m, 4.5m, 5.0m or 5.5m, and its length can be adjusted according to the actual size of the mining area.

[0046] The support rod 11 can be made of materials with a certain rigidity and that are not easily bent, such as bamboo poles, wooden sticks, or profiles.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, to increase the stability of the reinforcement unit, multiple tapered reinforcement bundles 3 are configured, and the multiple tapered reinforcement bundles 3 are distributed at intervals along a direction parallel to the length of each support rod 11.

[0048] Multiple tapered rib bundles 3 can work together to support the three support rods 11, thereby enhancing the stability of the relative positions of the support rods 11.

[0049] Furthermore, since the two support rods 11 connecting the mesh 2 need to cooperate with the mesh 2 to bear the force of the filling body, the fixing rods 4 can also be configured as multiple, with multiple fixing rods 4 distributed at intervals along a direction parallel to the length of each support rod 11, thereby enhancing the stability of the relative position of the two support rods 11 connected to the mesh 2.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, when multiple tapered rib bundles 3 and fixing members 4 are configured, a fixing member 4 is provided between two adjacent tapered rib bundles 3. A fixing member 4 may also be provided on the side of the tapered rib bundle 3 located at the end that is away from the adjacent tapered rib bundle 3.

[0051] The structure of the tapered rib bundle 3 is described in detail below:

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tapered rib bundle 3 includes a first rib 31, a second rib 32, and a third rib 33, wherein:

[0053] The first end of the first rib 31 is connected to one of the two support rods 11 connected to the mesh 2; the first end of the second rib 32 is connected to one of the two support rods 11 connected to the mesh 2; and the first end of the third rib 33 is connected to one of the two support rods 11 connected to the mesh 2. The first ends of the first rib 31, the second rib 32, and the third rib 33 are not connected to the same support rod 11. This ensures that each support rod 11 connected to the mesh 2 has at least one rib connected to it.

[0054] The second ends of the first rib 31, the second rib 32, and the third rib 33 are tied and fixed, and connected to the support rod 11 that is not connected to the mesh 2. Specifically, the second ends of the first rib 31, the second rib 32, and the third rib 33 can be directly tied to the support rod 11 that is not connected to the mesh 2.

[0055] When there are multiple tapered rib bundles 3, the first end of the first rib 31 in two adjacent tapered rib bundles 3 can be connected to the same support rod 11 or to different support rods 11. The same applies to the second rib 32 in two adjacent tapered rib bundles 3 and the third rib 33 in two adjacent tapered rib bundles 3.

[0056] In some embodiments, the first rib 31, the second rib 32, and the third rib 33 each include a rib body 311 and a first plate 312 connected to at least one end of the rib body 311. One end of the rib body 311 is connected to one of the two support rods 11 connected to the mesh 2, and the other end is connected to the support rod 11 not connected to the mesh 2.

[0057] Among them, the reinforcing bar body 311 serves to connect the two support rods 11. After grouting, the first plate 312 can be embedded in the cemented filling body, thereby forming an anchor point in the cemented filling body and playing a pulling role. It can distribute the force of the mesh 2 to the filling body through multiple anchor points to form an integral support structure and ensure the stability of the false top structure of the filling body.

[0058] Specifically, the two ends of the reinforcing bar body 311 can be tied to the corresponding support rod 11 with steel wire rope.

[0059] In at least one embodiment, both ends of the reinforcing bar body 311 are connected to the first plate body 312.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, in order to make the effective anchorage area of ​​the first plate 312 larger, the first plate 312 is perpendicular to the reinforcing bar body 311.

[0061] Specifically, the reinforcing bar body 311 can be made of materials with a certain tensile strength, such as metal or wood. The first plate 312 can be a square plate or a rectangular plate. The range of the long side and the wide side or the range of the side length of the first plate 312 is 60mm-200mm, specifically 60mm, 100mm, 150mm or 200mm, and the thickness is 4mm-10mm, specifically 4mm, 6mm, 8mm or 10mm. The end of the reinforcing bar body 311 can be connected to the middle of the first plate 312.

[0062] In some embodiments, the ends of the rib bodies 311 of the first rib 31, the second rib 32, and the third rib 33 extend outward relative to the support rod 11 connected to the end, so as to expand the distribution area of ​​the anchoring points formed by each first plate 312 in the tapered rib bundle 3, and fully disperse the force on the mesh 2 into the filling body, thereby forming a more stable false top structure.

[0063] Taking the first rib 31 as an example, the first end of the first rib 31 is set to extend outward by a first distance relative to the support rod 11 connected to that end, and the second end of the first rib 31 extends outward by a second distance relative to the support rod 11 connected to that end. The values ​​of the first distance and the second distance are in the range of 50mm-400mm, specifically 50mm, 200mm, 300mm or 400mm. The first distance can be equal to the second distance, or the first distance can be not equal to the second distance.

[0064] Of course, the first rib 31 can also extend outward at only one end, without extending outward at the other end.

[0065] The outer edge length ranges of the second rib 32 and the third rib 33 are the same as those of the first rib 31. To save space, they will not be described in detail here.

[0066] The structure of the fixing member 4 is described in detail below:

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the fixing rod 4 includes a rod body 41 and a second plate 42 connected to at least one end of the rod body 41. The rod body 41 is connected to two support rods 11 connected to the mesh 2.

[0068] The rod 41 connects the two support rods 11, which are connected to the mesh 2. Similar to the first plate 312, after grouting, the second plate 42 can be embedded in the cemented filling body, thereby forming an anchor point in the cemented filling body. The force on the mesh 2 can be transmitted to the second plate 42 through the two support rods 11. The anchoring effect of the second plate 42 supports the mesh 2, preventing further deformation of the mesh, thus forming a stable false roof structure.

[0069] Specifically, the two ends of the pole 41 can be tied to the two support poles 11 mentioned above by steel wire ropes.

[0070] In at least one embodiment, a second plate 42 is connected to both ends of the rod 41.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, in order to make the effective anchorage area of ​​the second plate 42 larger, the second plate 42 is perpendicular to the rod 41.

[0072] Specifically, the rod 41 can be made of materials with a certain tensile strength, such as metal or wood. The length of the rod 41 is 500mm-3000mm, specifically 500mm, 800mm, 1000mm, 2000mm, or 3000mm. The second plate 42 can be a square or a rectangular plate. The range of the long side and the wide side, or the range of the side length, of the second plate 42 is 60mm-200mm, specifically 60mm, 100mm, 150mm, or 200mm. The thickness is 4mm-10mm, specifically 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, or 10mm. The end of the rod 41 can be connected to the middle of the second plate 42.

[0073] Similarly, the end of the rod 41 can also extend outward relative to the support rod 11 connected to that end, so as to fully disperse the force on the mesh 2 into the filling body, thereby forming a more stable false top structure.

[0074] One end of the rod 41 extends outward 50mm-400mm relative to the support rod 11 connected to that end, specifically 50mm, 200mm, 300mm or 400mm. The other end extends outward 50mm-400mm relative to the support rod 11 connected to that end, specifically 50mm, 200mm, 300mm or 400mm. The extension lengths of the two ends can be the same or different.

[0075] Of course, rod 41 can also extend outward at only one end, without extending outward at the other end.

[0076] The following is a detailed explanation of mesh 2:

[0077] The mesh 2 can be laid on any two adjacent support rods 11. The first reinforcing bar 31, the second reinforcing bar 32 and the third reinforcing bar 33 pass through the mesh 2 and are tied to the mesh 2 and the corresponding support rods 11 by steel wire rope.

[0078] Mesh 2 can be made of steel mesh or other materials with a certain strength. The mesh size of mesh 2 is 1-300mm, specifically 1mm, 50mm, 100mm, 200mm or 300mm. When using steel mesh, the diameter of the steel bars is 4mm-10mm, specifically 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm or 10mm.

[0079] A second aspect of the present invention provides a reinforcing mesh structure within a segmented stope filling body. The reinforcing mesh structure within a segmented stope filling body provided by the second aspect of the present invention includes multiple reinforcing mesh units, each of which is an independent structure.

[0080] like Figure 5The diagram shown is a layout of the reinforcing mesh structure in a certain stope. Before grouting, the reinforcing mesh units can be fully arranged within the stope, and they can be arranged according to... Figure 5 The arrangement can be matrix-distributed or irregular, meaning that as long as the reinforcing mesh units are fully arranged in the mining area, a stable false roof structure can be formed after the filling body is cemented.

[0081] It should be noted that the dimensions of each mesh unit in the mesh structure can be the same or different.

[0082] The second aspect of the present invention provides a segmented stope filling body reinforcement mesh structure comprising multiple independently set reinforcement mesh units. The reinforcement mesh units have good deformation resistance and can be installed outside the stope. Miners can remotely control a loader to transport each reinforcement mesh unit to a designated location in the stope without requiring miners to enter the site, thus ensuring personnel safety and meeting safety regulations.

[0083] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method for constructing a false roof, the method comprising using the aforementioned reinforcing mesh unit, including:

[0084] The remote-controlled loader transports each reinforcement mesh unit to the designated location in the mining area, and then lays each reinforcement mesh unit within the mining area.

[0085] The mining area was backfilled.

[0086] In practice, depending on the size of the segmented stope, several reinforcing mesh units can be transported to the stope for laying and installation using a remote-controlled loader. The remote-controlled loader installation allows personnel to remain in the stope, thus enabling the construction of the reinforcing mesh at the bottom of the false roof of the filling body within the segmented stope. After the reinforcing mesh units are laid at the bottom of the stope, the filling grout is injected and filled. To facilitate the remote-controlled loader installation of the reinforcing mesh units, two lifting rods are installed at both ends of the loader's hopper to lift and lower the reinforcing mesh units.

[0087] The false roof construction method provided by the third aspect of the present invention does not require mining personnel to enter the stope throughout the entire process. The resulting false roof structure is solid and reliable, solving the problem of constructing a high-quality backfill false roof in a segmented stope and realizing down-type segmented backfill mining.

[0088] In some embodiments, before the reinforcing mesh unit is transported to the segmented stope by a remote control device, the above-mentioned false roof construction method further includes the following steps:

[0089] 1) The ribbed mesh structure is composed of several ribbed mesh units, and each ribbed mesh unit is an independent structure;

[0090] 2) The rib mesh unit includes three support rods 11 that form the three edges of the triangular prism structure, which are assembled by tapered rib bundles 3 and fixing rods 4.

[0091] 3) The tapered rib bundle 3 is made of several ribs tied together, with one end of the ribs tied together and the other end separated. The tied end is tied to the support rod 11 at the top of the rib mesh unit, and the separated end is tied to the two support rods 11 at the bottom of the rib mesh unit respectively.

[0092] 4) The two ends of the fixed rod 4 are respectively connected to the two support rods 11 at the bottom of the rib mesh unit.

[0093] 5) A mesh 2 is laid on the plane formed by the two support rods 11 at the bottom of the mesh unit.

[0094] The following detailed description uses a specific embodiment to illustrate the above-mentioned reinforcement mesh unit, the reinforcement mesh structure within the segmented stope filling body, and the method for constructing the false roof:

[0095] A copper mine has a production capacity of 5000 t / d. The original mining method used a downward-entry cemented backfilling method. The access stope had a cross-section of 4m x 4m and a length of 20m-30m. The bottom 1.5m was backfilled with a lime-sand ratio of 1:4, achieving a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength greater than 3MPa. The middle 2m was backfilled with a lime-sand ratio of 1:8, achieving a 28-day uniaxial compressive strength greater than 1MPa. The top 0.5m used non-cemented backfilling for roof support. This mining method resulted in a small-scale access stope, shallow-hole drilling and blasting for ore extraction, leading to low production capacity and difficulty in achieving mechanized and efficient mining. To address this, the inventors developed a downward-entry segmented stope backfilling mining scheme. The key aspects are the reinforcement laying and backfilling operations after the segmented stope mining is as follows:

[0096] 1) Downward segmented open area subsequent filling mining scheme

[0097] The stopes are arranged vertically to the ore body strike, divided into stopes and pillar stops, staggered vertically. The length of the stope is equal to the thickness of the ore body, and the stope height is between 8 and 12 meters. Drilling roadways are arranged within the stopes, with cutting crossroads and cutting risers at the ends. A flat-bottom structure is used for ore extraction. Ore is transported to the subgrade pass using a 2m³ remote-controlled loader, and then lowered into the intermediate transport roadway via the subgrade pass. The stopes employ a "three-steps-at-a-time" mining method, with the mining sequence within each stage from top to bottom. After the upper subgrade is mined, the mining proceeds to the lower subgrade. The first-stage goaf is backfilled with cemented tailings, while the second-stage goaf is backfilled with micro-cemented tailings; both require bottom filling, with a height of approximately 4 meters.

[0098] 2) The situation of the void area to be filled after the mining of a certain production mine is completed.

[0099] After ore extraction was completed in a certain test stope, a 3D laser scanner was used to scan the empty area. The scan showed that the empty area was 9.5m high, with an average upper width of about 8m and a volume of about 1453m3.

[0100] 3) Filling and laying reinforcement

[0101] Personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the goaf area of ​​the segmented stope. The standard reinforcement laying method of the downward approach cemented backfilling mining method cannot be used in this stope. In order to enhance the backfilling strength and overall stability of the stope, the reinforcement laying scheme of the present invention is adopted.

[0102] A 1.8m long Ф16mm threaded steel bar is used as the reinforcing bar body 311 according to Figure 2 The reinforcement bundle 3 is bundled into a cone shape. 100mm×100mm×5mm steel plates are welded to both ends of the reinforcement body 311 to serve as the first plate 312. The vertical distance between the first plate 312 and the nearest support rod 11 is 20cm, which increases the anchorage area of ​​the reinforcement body 311 and increases the anchorage capacity of the reinforcement body 311.

[0103] Three steel bars, serving as support rods 11, are tied to tapered rib bundles 3 with wire. The steel bars have a diameter of 16mm. The three support rods 11 are designated as the first steel bar, the second steel bar, and the third steel bar. The bottom two second and third steel bars are about 20cm away from the bottom plate. Multiple tapered rib bundles 3 are connected in series. A No. 4 threaded steel bar, serving as a fixing member 4, is tied between two tapered rib bundles 3 to fix the bottom second and third steel bars together. The No. 4 threaded steel bar is 1m long, and both ends are welded to iron plates, which serve as the second plate body 42. The welding position is at the center of the iron plate, and the iron plate size is 100mm*100mm*5mm.

[0104] Above the second and third reinforcing bars at the bottom, a reinforcing mesh is erected as mesh 2. The width of the reinforcing mesh is about 870mm. The two sides of the reinforcing mesh are tied and fixed to the second and third reinforcing bars respectively. The first reinforcing bar is placed on the two anchor rods made at the end of the loader through a set of reinforcing mesh units. Finally, the reinforcing mesh units are transported to the inside of the mining area.

[0105] Since the width of the segmented rock drilling tunnel in the mining area is 3m, in order to facilitate the remote control of the shovel and transport machine to move the anchor bar skeleton, the three bundles of conical bar bundles 3 are arranged at a spacing of 0.775m to form anchor bar units with a length of no more than 2.3m.

[0106] The assembled steel mesh units are transported to the designated location in the stope using a remote-controlled loader, and the laying scheme is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the reinforcement mesh unit is about 0.4m away from the mining boundary. The reinforcement is laid sequentially to the eyebrow line. The empty area at the north end is laid by a loader from the east entrance, and the rest are laid from the south entrance.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tendon structure in a sublevel stope fill, characterised in that, The application relates to a kind of reinforced mesh units, each of the reinforced mesh units is independent structure, the reinforced mesh unit includes support rod group (1), mesh (2), conical tendon (3) and fixed rod (4); The support rod group (1) includes three support rods (11) forming three edges in a triangular prism structure; The mesh (2) is connected between any two adjacent support rods (11), and the mesh (2) is laid on the plane formed by the two adjacent support rods (11) on the bottom, the two support rods (11) connected with the mesh (2) are connected with the fixed rod (4), and the fixed rod (4) is connected to the side of the two support rods (11) away from the mesh (2); The divergent end of the conical tendon (3) is connected with the two support rods (11) connected with the mesh (2), and the convergent end of the conical tendon (3) is connected with the remaining one support rod (11); The conical tendon (3) includes a first bar (31), a second bar (32) and a third bar (33); The first end of the first bar (31) is connected with one of the two support rods (11) connected with the mesh (2), the first end of the second bar (32) is connected with one of the two support rods (11) connected with the mesh (2), the first end of the third bar (33) is connected with one of the two support rods (11) connected with the mesh (2), and the first ends of the first bar (31), the second bar (32) and the third bar (33) are not connected with the same support rod (11); The second ends of the first bar (31), the second bar (32) and the third bar (33) are tied and fixed and connected with the support rod (11) not connected with the mesh (2); The first bar (31), the second bar (32) and the third bar (33) each include a bar body (311) and a first plate body (312) connected with at least one end of the bar body (311), one end of the bar body (311) is connected with one of the two support rods (11) connected with the mesh (2), and the other end is connected with the support rod (11) not connected with the mesh (2); The fixed rod (4) includes a rod body (41) and a second plate body (42) connected with at least one end of the rod body (41), and the rod body (41) is connected with the two support rods (11) connected with the mesh (2).

2. A structure of reinforcement mesh in a sublevel caving fill body according to claim 1, characterised in that, The vertical distance between at least two support rods (11) is equal.

3. The guniting of sublevel stope in-situ reinforcement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conical tendon (3) and the fixed rod (4) are configured as a plurality of, a plurality of conical tendons (3) are distributed in the direction parallel to the length of each support rod (11), and a plurality of fixed rods (4) are distributed in the direction parallel to the length of each support rod (11).

4. A tendon arrangement in a sublevel stope fill according to claim 3, characterised in that, One fixed rod (4) is arranged between two adjacent conical tendons (3).

5. The guniting of sublevel stope in-situ reinforcement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the rib body (311) of each of the first rib (31), the second rib (32) and the third rib (33) extends outward relative to the support rod (11) connected to the end.

6. A false roof construction method characterized by comprising: Use the rib net structure in the sublevel caving filling body as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, comprising: The remote-controlled shovel loader transports each rib net unit to a designated location in the stope (5), and remotely controls the shovel loader to lay each rib net unit in the stope (5); The stope (5) is filled.

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