A common aperture antenna

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel common aperture antenna, belonging to the field of antenna technology, comprising a first substrate and a second substrate, metal layers are printed on the front and back of the first substrate and the second substrate, a low-frequency gradient slot antenna is printed on the metal layer, the low-frequency gradient slot antennas on the front and back are connected by metallized vias at the edge of the low-frequency gradient slot antenna, the area enclosed by the metallized vias forms a substrate integrated waveguide, a high-frequency band antenna is embedded in the low-frequency gradient slot antenna, and the high-frequency band realizes the embedding of the substrate integrated waveguide by utilizing the area enclosed by the metallized vias; a second slot is opened in the middle position of the lower side of the first substrate, a first slot is opened in the middle position of the upper side of the second substrate, and the first substrate is inserted into the first slot of the second substrate through the second slot to realize the dual-polarization radiation of the antennas on the two substrates. The present invention integrates two frequency bands with large frequency ratios on one antenna, and the radiation directions of the two frequency bands are the same, and both can realize dual-polarization radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a common aperture antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the development of communication technology, spectrum resources are becoming increasingly scarce. In order to alleviate this problem, millimeter wave bands have also been added to the 5G bands. With the commercialization of 5G, the sharing of sub6GHz bands and millimeter wave bands will be the next development goal. Since 5G is still in the development process, 4G still plays an important role. This requires the communication system to cover the 4G and 5G bands, which greatly increases the difficulty of system design and poses a high challenge to antenna designers. In order to improve system integration and reduce the number of antennas, the main solutions currently include ultra-wideband antenna (UWB) technology, shared aperture antenna technology, and multi-band antenna technology.

[0003] Although some ultra-wideband antennas can achieve a bandwidth of 1:18, they are not suitable for 5G communication systems. It is difficult for ultra-wideband antennas to achieve different beams in different frequency bands to adapt to different application requirements. For multi-band antennas and co-aperture antennas, traditional multi-band antennas are similar to ultra-wideband antennas. It is difficult to achieve independent control of antennas (beams, polarization, etc.) in different frequency bands, which is not suitable for application scenarios with large frequency ratios. The so-called co-aperture antenna generally refers to the sharing of antenna structures or radiation apertures in two frequency bands. The structure and radiation aperture of the co-aperture antenna are shared, but the structures of the two frequency bands are independent or do not interfere with each other, and independent control can be achieved flexibly. The main difficulty of the co-aperture antenna is how to cleverly integrate antennas of different frequency bands to share the structure to reduce the number of antennas and system costs. At present, the main disadvantages of the co-aperture antenna are that it is difficult to achieve dual-polarization radiation in two frequency bands with large frequency ratios, it is difficult to achieve the same radiation direction in both frequency bands, and it is difficult to achieve a wider bandwidth in the low frequency band to cover more communication frequency bands. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a common aperture antenna to solve the problems existing in the existing common aperture antenna.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: a common aperture antenna, which includes a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein metal layers are printed on the front and back surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate, and low-frequency tapered slot antennas are printed on the metal layers, and the low-frequency tapered slot antennas on the front and back surfaces are connected by metallized vias arranged at equal intervals at the edges of the low-frequency tapered slot antennas, and the areas closed by the metallized vias form substrate integrated waveguides, and a high-frequency antenna is embedded in the low-frequency tapered slot antenna, and the high-frequency band realizes the embedding of the substrate integrated waveguide by utilizing the areas closed by the metallized vias; a second slot is opened in the middle position of the lower side of the first substrate, and a first slot is opened in the middle position of the upper side of the second substrate, and the first substrate is inserted into the first slot of the second substrate through the second slot to realize the orthogonal intersection of the two substrates, thereby realizing the dual-polarization radiation of the antennas on the two substrates.

[0006] The low-frequency tapered slot antenna has a bilaterally symmetrical structure. A coplanar waveguide is connected to the left and right sides of the lower end of the low-frequency tapered slot antenna through a waveguide conversion structure, and the conversion between waveguide feeding and connector feeding is achieved through the waveguide conversion structure.

[0007] The low-frequency tapered slot antenna comprises antenna arms, which are located at the left and right sides of the upper end of the substrate. A low-frequency feeding structure connected to the low-frequency tapered slot antenna is arranged in the middle between the two coplanar waveguides.

[0008] A high-frequency antenna feeding structure is arranged in the antenna arm, the high-frequency antenna is connected to the top of the high-frequency antenna feeding structure, and a high-frequency array reflector is arranged at the position of the high-frequency antenna.

[0009] The high-frequency antenna feeding structure comprises two Y-shaped sections and one T-shaped section, the two Y-shaped sections and one T-shaped section are distributed in an inverted T shape, and one-to-four equal-amplitude in-phase feeding is realized; the high-frequency antenna is arranged at the upper ends of the two Y-shaped sections.

[0010] The high-frequency antenna includes a plurality of millimeter-wave band dipole array antennas, which form a MIMO mode to enhance the communication capability of the antenna.

[0011] The present invention has the following advantages: a common aperture antenna, which integrates two frequency bands with a large frequency ratio on one antenna, and the radiation directions of the two frequency bands are the same, and both can achieve dual-polarized radiation; a substrate integrated waveguide structure is used to improve the isolation of the two frequency bands, and a reflector is used to improve the gain of the high-frequency antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the high frequency antenna feeding structure;

[0015] Figure 4 Electric field distribution diagram when feeding different ports;

[0016] In the figure: 1-first substrate, 2-second substrate, 3-first slot, 4-second slot, 5-high-frequency antenna, 6-antenna arm, 7-metallized via, 8-low-frequency antenna feeding structure, 9-low-frequency antenna, 10-high-frequency array reflector, 11-Y-shaped section, 12-T-shaped section, 13-high-frequency antenna feeding structure, 14-waveguide conversion structure, 15-coplanar waveguide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided below in conjunction with the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the application claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application. The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0018] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention specifically relates to a co-aperture antenna, which includes a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2. Metal layers are printed on the front and back surfaces of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2. A low-frequency tapered slot antenna 9 is printed on the metal layer. The low-frequency tapered slot antennas 9 on the front and back surfaces are connected by metallized vias 7 arranged at equal intervals at the edges of the low-frequency tapered slot antenna 9. The area enclosed by the metallized vias 7 forms a substrate integrated waveguide, and the low-frequency energy will not enter the substrate enclosed by the metallized vias 7. A high-frequency antenna 5 is embedded in the low-frequency tapered slot antenna 9. The high-frequency band realizes the embedding of the substrate integrated waveguide by utilizing the area enclosed by the metallized vias 7; a second slot 4 is opened in the middle position of the lower side of the first substrate 1, and a first slot 3 is opened in the middle position of the upper side of the second substrate 2. The first substrate 1 is inserted into the first slot 3 of the second substrate 2 through the second slot 4 to realize the orthogonal crossing of the two substrates, thereby realizing the dual-polarization radiation of the antennas on the two substrates.

[0019] Among them, the frequency band covered by the low-frequency gradient slot antenna 9 is 1.5-5GHz, which basically covers the mainstream communication frequency band of sub-6GHz, including 4G LTE, 5G N77, N78, N79 and other frequency bands, and the frequency band covered by the high-frequency antenna 5 is 24-29.5GHz.

[0020] Furthermore, the low-frequency tapered slot antenna 9 has a bilaterally symmetrical structure, and a coplanar waveguide 15 is connected to the left and right sides of the lower end of the low-frequency tapered slot antenna 9 through a waveguide conversion structure 14, and the conversion between waveguide feeding and 2.92mm connector feeding is realized through the waveguide conversion structure 14.

[0021] Furthermore, the low-frequency tapered slot antenna 9 includes an antenna arm 6 , which is located at the left and right sides of the upper end of the substrate. A low-frequency feeding structure 8 connected to the low-frequency tapered slot antenna 9 is provided in the middle position between the two coplanar waveguides 15 .

[0022] The low-frequency feeding structure 8 adopts a quarter-wavelength coupling feeding and a fan-shaped coupling structure to increase the capacitance.

[0023] Furthermore, a high-frequency antenna feeding structure 13 is provided in the antenna arm 6, the high-frequency antenna 5 is connected to the top of the high-frequency antenna feeding structure 13, and a high-frequency array reflector 10 is provided at the position of the high-frequency antenna 5. Since the wavelengths of the two frequency bands are very different, the high-frequency antenna feeding structure 13 and the high-frequency antenna 5 are both embedded in the structure of the antenna arm 6, achieving a high degree of structural reuse, and due to the closed characteristics of the substrate integrated waveguide, the two frequency bands can achieve very high isolation.

[0024] like Figure 3 As shown, the high-frequency antenna feeding structure 13 includes two Y-shaped sections 11 and one T-shaped section 12. The two Y-shaped sections 11 and one T-shaped section 12 are distributed in an inverted T-shape to achieve one-to-four equal-amplitude and in-phase feeding; the high-frequency antenna 5 is arranged at the upper ends of the two Y-shaped sections 11.

[0025] Furthermore, the high-frequency antenna 5 includes a plurality of dipole array antennas of millimeter wave bands, which form a MIMO mode to enhance the communication capability of the antenna. The plurality of dipole array antennas of millimeter wave bands are respectively connected to the upper and lower metal layers of the substrate integrated waveguide, and when the TE10 mode is transmitted in the substrate integrated waveguide, an equivalent balun-excited dipole array can be realized.

[0026] like Figure 4 As stated, Figure 4 Figure (a) shows the electric field distribution when the low-frequency port is excited, and Figure (b) shows the electric field distribution when the high-frequency (millimeter wave band) port is excited. The main areas of the electric field distribution are different when different ports are excited, which proves that the structure of the antenna can work in different states and also shows that the isolation between the ports is very good.

[0027] The working principle of the present invention is: two 1×4 millimeter-wave dipole arrays are embedded in a sub-6GHz tapered slot antenna. Since the wavelength difference between the two frequency bands is large, the antenna size difference is also relatively large, and the millimeter-wave array can be easily embedded in the structure of the low-frequency antenna. The 1×4 substrate integrated waveguide power division network is a relatively large part of the millimeter-wave antenna structure. By properly adjusting the shape of the power division network, it can be embedded in the shape of the low-frequency antenna. There are many choices for millimeter-wave antennas. The tapered slot antenna is a typical ultra-wideband antenna. Through the conversion between microstrip lines and slot lines, energy can be effectively radiated in the form of end-fire. When the substrate integrated waveguide transmits the main mode (TE10) mode, the upper and lower wide sides of the output port are reversed in phase, which can be equivalent to a balun, which is very suitable for exciting dipoles. In general, the present invention combines these two types of antennas to achieve common aperture radiation and achieves very good performance and application prospects.

[0028] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art shall not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and shall be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A common aperture antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first substrate (1) and a second substrate (2), wherein metal layers are printed on the front and back surfaces of the first substrate (1) and the second substrate (2), and low-frequency tapered slot antennas (9) are printed on the metal layers. The low-frequency tapered slot antennas (9) on the front and back surfaces are connected by metallized vias (7) arranged at equal intervals at the edges of the low-frequency tapered slot antennas (9), and the areas enclosed by the metallized vias (7) form a substrate integrated waveguide. A high-frequency antenna (5) is embedded in the low-frequency tapered slot antenna (9), and the high-frequency band is connected by the metallized vias (7) enclosed. The substrate integrated waveguide is embedded in the region; a second slot (4) is provided in the middle position of the lower side of the first substrate (1), and a first slot (3) is provided in the middle position of the upper side of the second substrate (2); the first substrate (1) is inserted into the first slot (3) of the second substrate (2) through the second slot (4) to realize the orthogonal crossing of the two substrates, thereby realizing the dual-polarization radiation of the antennas on the two substrates; the low-frequency gradient slot antenna 9 covers a frequency band of 1.5-5 GHz, and the high-frequency antenna (5) covers a frequency band of 24-29.5 GHz; The low-frequency tapered slot antenna (9) has a bilaterally symmetrical structure, and a coplanar waveguide (15) is connected to the left and right sides of the lower end of the low-frequency tapered slot antenna (9) via a waveguide conversion structure (14), and the conversion between waveguide feeding and connector feeding is achieved via the waveguide conversion structure (14); The low-frequency tapered slot antenna (9) comprises an antenna arm (6), the antenna arm (6) being located at the left and right sides of the upper end of the substrate, and a low-frequency feeding structure (8) connected to the low-frequency tapered slot antenna (9) being provided at a middle position between two coplanar waveguides (15).

2. The common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-frequency antenna feeding structure (13) is arranged in the antenna arm (6), the high-frequency antenna (5) is connected to the top of the high-frequency antenna feeding structure (13), and a high-frequency array reflector (10) is arranged at the position of the high-frequency antenna (5).

3. The common aperture antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-frequency antenna feeding structure (13) comprises two Y-shaped sections (11) and one T-shaped section (12), the two Y-shaped sections (11) and the one T-shaped section (12) being arranged in an inverted triangular shape to achieve one-to-four equal-amplitude in-phase feeding; the high-frequency antenna (5) is arranged at the upper ends of the two Y-shaped sections (11).

4. A common aperture antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The high-frequency antenna (5) comprises a plurality of millimeter-wave band dipole array antennas, which form a MIMO mode to enhance the communication capability of the antenna.

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