Gasifier

Abstract

The present invention discloses a gasifier, comprising a burner, a pressure-bearing shell, a combustion chamber internal component, a heat recovery internal component, a partition, a second sealing device, a first sealing device, a second fixing device, a first fixing device, a slag outlet and a raw coal gas outlet; the burner is arranged on the top of the pressure-bearing shell, the combustion chamber internal components and the heat recovery internal components are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the pressure-bearing shell, the raw coal gas outlet is arranged at the lower end of the side wall of the pressure-bearing shell, and the slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the pressure-bearing shell; wherein: the interior of the combustion chamber internal components, the interior of the heat recovery internal components and the interior of the pressure-bearing shell below the partition form a first sealing system; the exterior of the combustion chamber internal components, the exterior of the heat recovery internal components and the interior of the pressure-bearing shell above the partition form a second sealing system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of gasification technology, in particular to a gasifier. Background Art

[0002] The gasification reaction of carbon-containing materials needs to be completed under high temperature conditions above 1200°C. Pressurized gasification can increase the production capacity of the gasifier and improve the energy conversion efficiency. The heat recovery internals can further recover the sensible heat of the high-temperature coal gas and improve energy utilization.

[0003] Gasifier in the prior art:

[0004] 1. The shell needs to be clad with austenitic stainless steel, and the waste pot also needs to be made of high-end materials such as austenitic stainless steel and nickel-based alloy to avoid acidic moisture corrosion on the outside of the shell and heat recovery internals.

[0005] 2. The annular space formed by the combustion chamber internal components, heat recovery internal components and the shell is not sealed, resulting in a short circuit of high-temperature raw coal gas, which leaks from the expansion gap to the annular cavity. Overtemperature often occurs during the pressure fluctuation of the gasification system, threatening the safe operation of the gasifier.

[0006] 3. The high-temperature raw coal gas escaping from the expansion gap contains unwashed dry ash particles, which accumulate on the outside of the combustion chamber components and the heat recovery chamber components. The dry ash contains corrosive substances such as sulfur and chlorine. The local concentration is too high in a wet environment, causing pitting or cracking of the combustion chamber components and the heat recovery chamber components, threatening the safe operation of the gasifier.

[0007] 4. During maintenance, the dust accumulated in the annular space must be cleaned regularly. The annular space needs to be at least 500mm long, which invisibly increases the diameter of the pressure shell and increases the cost of the equipment.

[0008] 5. When designing the pressure shell of the gasifier, the blowby gas temperature condition needs to be considered. The design temperature of the pressure shell is often selected to be higher, and the calculated wall thickness of the shell is thicker. At the same time, the inner wall of the pressure shell must be provided with insulating castables to avoid local overburning of the pressure shell, bulging or even explosion. Summary of the invention

[0009] To this end, the present invention provides a gasifier to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0011] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a gasifier comprises a burner, a pressure-bearing shell, a combustion chamber internal, a heat recovery internal, a baffle, a second sealing device, a first sealing device, a second fixing device, a first fixing device, a slag outlet, and a raw coal gas outlet;

[0012] The burner is arranged on the top of the pressure shell, the combustion chamber inner parts and the heat recovery inner parts are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the pressure shell, the raw gas outlet is arranged at the lower end of the side wall of the pressure shell, and the slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the pressure shell;

[0013] in:

[0014] The interior of the combustion chamber internal component, the interior of the heat recovery internal component and the interior of the pressure-bearing shell below the partition form a first sealing system;

[0015] The outside of the combustion chamber inner component, the outside of the heat recovery inner component and the inside of the pressure-bearing shell above the partition form a second sealing system.

[0016] Furthermore, the cooling medium in the combustion chamber internal component and the heat recovery internal component both operate in a closed-loop cycle.

[0017] Furthermore, the sealing forms of the second sealing device and the first sealing device are both packing seals or flexible compensators.

[0018] Furthermore, the first fixing device is located at the upper part of the heat recovery internal component; and the first sealing device is located at the lower part of the heat recovery internal component.

[0019] Furthermore, the second fixing device is located at the upper part or top of the combustion chamber inner component; and the second sealing device is located at the lower part of the combustion chamber inner component.

[0020] Furthermore, the second fixing device is located at the lower part of the combustion chamber inner component; and the second sealing device is located at the top of the combustion chamber inner component.

[0021] Furthermore, the carbon-containing material and the gasifying agent enter the first sealing system from the burner, and complete the combustion, heat recovery, cooling and washing process from top to bottom; the product raw gas is sent to the subsequent stage through the raw gas outlet, and the product ash is discharged from the gasifier through the slag outlet.

[0022] Furthermore, the dry gas inlet is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the pressure-bearing shell; the dry gas as the pressure-balancing gas enters the second sealing system through the dry gas inlet.

[0023] Furthermore, it also includes a pressure balancing component, which is arranged on the partition, and the pressure difference between the first sealing system and the second sealing system does not exceed 0.5 MPa.

[0024] The present invention has the following advantages: the double-sealed gasifier can achieve dry-wet separation in the gasifier, high temperature and low temperature isolation, the internal parts that bear high temperature do not bear high pressure, and the pressure-bearing shell that bears high pressure does not bear high temperature. The pressure-bearing shell of the gasifier above the partition does not have a corrosive environment of acidic moisture, and it is no longer necessary to weld austenitic stainless steel, which can reduce the cost by about 3 million yuan and shorten the equipment manufacturing cycle by 1 / 4. The material of the heat recovery internal parts can be reduced to chromium-molybdenum steel, reducing the equipment cost by about 8 million yuan. The wall thickness grade of the pressure-bearing shell of the gasifier is reduced, reducing the equipment cost by 1.5 million yuan. There is no possibility of high-temperature raw coal gas escaping from the annular space of the gasifier, and there is no safety risk of local overheating of the pressure-bearing shell. There is no dry ash accumulation on the outside of the combustion chamber internal parts and the heat recovery internal parts, and there is no possibility of pitting or cracking of the internal parts, and the gasifier is inherently safe. At the same time, the setting of the annular space of the gasifier does not need to consider maintenance and does not need to set a castable layer. When the pressure-bearing shell remains unchanged, a heat recovery internal part with a larger heat exchange area can be set to improve the performance of the gasifier. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0026] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a gasifier provided for some embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 An internal structural diagram of a gasifier provided for some embodiments of the first category of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 An internal structural diagram of a gasifier provided for some embodiments of the second category of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. burner, 2. pressure-bearing shell, 3. combustion chamber inner parts, 4. heat recovery inner parts, 6. partition, 7. second sealing device, 8. first sealing device, 9. second fixing device, 10. first fixing device, 21. dry gas inlet, 22. slag outlet, 23. raw coal gas outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the gasifier in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention comprises a burner 1, a pressure shell 2, a combustion chamber inner component 3, a heat recovery inner component 4, a partition 6, a second sealing device 7, a first sealing device 8, a second fixing device 9, a first fixing device 10, a slag outlet 22 and a raw gas outlet 23; a burner 1 is arranged on the top of the pressure shell 2, and the combustion chamber inner component 3 and the heat recovery inner component 4 are arranged in the pressure shell 2 from top to bottom, a raw gas outlet 23 is arranged at the lower end of the side wall of the pressure shell 2, and a slag outlet 22 is arranged at the bottom of the pressure shell 2; wherein: the interior of the combustion chamber inner component 3, the interior of the heat recovery inner component 4 and the interior of the pressure shell 2 below the partition 6 form a first sealing system; the exterior of the combustion chamber inner component 3, the exterior of the heat recovery inner component 4 and the interior of the pressure shell 2 above the partition 6 form a second sealing system.

[0033] The technical effects achieved by the above embodiments are as follows: the double-sealed gasifier can achieve dry-wet separation in the gasifier, isolate high temperature and low temperature, and the internal parts that bear high temperature are not subjected to high pressure, and the pressure-bearing shell 2 that bears high pressure is not subjected to high temperature; the pressure-bearing shell 2 above the partition 6, the outside of the inner parts 3 of the combustion chamber, and the outside of the heat recovery internal parts 4 are not exposed to the corrosive environment of acidic moisture, and there will be no accumulation of dry ash; the dangerous situation of gas blowby in the annular space will not occur during operation, and it is inherently safe.

[0034] Optional, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the cooling medium in the combustion chamber inner part 3 and the heat recovery inner part 4 are both operated in a closed-loop cycle.

[0035] The beneficial effect of the above optional embodiment is that the pressure of the cooling medium in the combustion chamber inner part 3 and the heat recovery inner part 4 is independently controlled to be higher than the raw gas pressure in the gasifier, thereby preventing the extreme condition of raw gas leaking into the cooling medium system.

[0036] Optional, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the sealing forms of the second sealing device 7 and the first sealing device 8 are both packing seals or flexible compensators.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the above optional embodiments are: the sealing device plays a sealing role under the premise of ensuring the natural expansion and contraction of the combustion chamber inner part 3 and the heat recovery inner part 4; different sealing forms can be selected according to the required operating pressure of the gasifier.

[0038] Optional, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the first fixing device 10 is located at the upper portion of the heat recovery inner component 4 ; and the first sealing device 8 is located at the lower portion of the heat recovery inner component 4 .

[0039] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the second fixing device 9 is located at the upper part or top of the combustion chamber inner component 3; and the second sealing device 7 is located at the lower part of the combustion chamber inner component 3.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the above optional embodiments are as follows: Figure 2 During the start-up and shutdown process of the gasifier, due to temperature changes, the combustion chamber internal parts 3 and the heat recovery internal parts 4 will undergo a certain linear expansion or contraction. The second fixing device 9 is located at the upper part or top of the combustion chamber internal parts 3, and the first fixing device 10 is located at the upper part of the heat recovery internal parts 4. The natural expansion of the combustion chamber internal parts 3 is all concentrated at the intersection of the lower part of the combustion chamber internal parts 3 and the upper part of the heat recovery internal parts, and the second sealing device 7 seals the intersection; the natural expansion of the heat recovery internal parts 4 is all concentrated at the intersection of the lower part of the heat recovery internal parts 4 and the partition 6, and the first sealing device 8 seals the intersection.

[0041] Optional, such as Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the second fixing device 9 is located at the lower part of the combustion chamber inner component 3; and the second sealing device 7 is located at the top of the combustion chamber inner component 3.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the above optional embodiments are as follows: Figure 3 , the second fixing device 9 is located at the lower part of the combustion chamber inner part 3, and the first fixing device 10 is located at the upper part of the heat recovery inner part 4. The distance between the first fixing device 10 and the second fixing device 9 is close, and the axial linear expansion amount thereof can be ignored. The natural expansion amount of the combustion chamber inner part 3 is all concentrated at the intersection of the top of the combustion chamber inner part 3 and the top of the pressure shell 2, and the second sealing device 7 seals the intersection; the natural expansion amount of the heat recovery inner part 4 is all concentrated at the intersection of the lower part of the heat recovery inner part 4 and the partition 6, and the first sealing device 8 seals the intersection.

[0043] Optional, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the pressure difference between the first sealing system and the second sealing system does not exceed 0.5 MPa.

[0044] Optional, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, in some embodiments, a pressure balancing component is also included, and the partition plate 6 is provided with a pressure balancing component.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the above optional embodiments are: protecting the combustion chamber internal components and the heat recovery internal components, and preventing the rigid body from becoming unstable due to excessive pressure difference.

[0046] Optional, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, coal or other carbon-containing materials and gasifying agents enter the first sealing system from the burner 1, and complete the combustion, heat recovery, cooling and washing processes from top to bottom; the product raw gas is sent to the rear section through the raw gas outlet 23, and the product ash is discharged from the gasifier through the slag outlet 22; a dry gas inlet 21 is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the pressure shell 2; high-pressure nitrogen or other dry gas enters the second sealing system through the dry gas inlet 21 as a pressure balancing gas.

[0047] Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0048] The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships should be regarded as within the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

Claims

1. A gasifier, characterized in that: The invention comprises a burner (1), a pressure-bearing shell (2), a combustion chamber internal component (3), a heat recovery internal component (4), a partition (6), a second sealing device (7), a first sealing device (8), a second fixing device (9), a first fixing device (10), a slag outlet (22) and a raw coal gas outlet (23); the burner (1) is arranged at the top of the pressure-bearing shell (2), the combustion chamber internal component (3) and the heat recovery internal component (4) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the pressure-bearing shell (2), the raw coal gas outlet (23) is arranged at the lower end of the side wall of the pressure-bearing shell (2), and the slag outlet (22) is arranged at the bottom of the pressure-bearing shell (2); wherein: The interior of the combustion chamber internal component (3), the interior of the heat recovery internal component (4) and the interior of the pressure-bearing shell (2) below the partition plate (6) form a first sealing system; The outside of the combustion chamber internal component (3), the outside of the heat recovery internal component (4) and the inside of the pressure-bearing shell (2) above the partition (6) form a second sealing system; The first fixing device (10) is located at the upper part of the heat recovery internal component (4); the first sealing device (8) is located at the junction of the heat recovery internal component (4) and the partition (6); The second fixing device (9) is located at the upper part or top of the combustion chamber internal component (3); the second sealing device (7) is located at the junction of the combustion chamber internal component (3) and the heat recovery internal component (4); or, the second fixing device (9) is located at the lower part of the combustion chamber internal component (3); the second sealing device (7) is located at the junction of the combustion chamber internal component (3) and the pressure-bearing shell (2); The cooling medium in the combustion chamber inner part (3) and the heat recovery inner part (4) are both operated in a closed loop; the sealing forms of the second sealing device (7) and the first sealing device (8) are both packing seals or flexible compensators; the carbon-containing material and the gasifying agent enter the first sealing system from the burner (1) and complete the combustion, heat recovery, cooling and washing process from top to bottom; the product raw gas is sent to the subsequent stage through the raw gas outlet (23), and the product ash is discharged from the gasifier through the slag outlet (22).

2. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dry gas inlet (21) is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the pressure-bearing shell (2); dry gas as pressure-balancing gas enters the second sealing system through the dry gas inlet (21).

3. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a pressure balancing component, the pressure balancing component is arranged on the partition (6), and the pressure difference between the first sealing system and the second sealing system does not exceed 0.5 MPa.

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