Waveguide display module based on parallel projection images

Abstract

The present invention discloses a waveguide display module based on parallel projection pictures, including a parallel projection picture optical machine, a waveguide device, a convergence device and a control device, wherein the parallel projection picture optical machine can project multiple parallel projection pictures in different directions based on time multiplexing, or space multiplexing, or a combined multiplexing of time and space. The parallel projection pictures are composed of parallel light beams carrying corresponding light information. Through the waveguide device and the convergence device, the light beams projected by the parallel projection picture optical machine form M≧1 convergence areas corresponding to M parallel projection picture groups. By splicing the convergence angles of N≧2 parallel projection picture light beams in the same group, the viewing angle of the image projected by the parallel projection picture group to the corresponding convergence area is widened, and the spacing between the convergence areas corresponding to each parallel projection picture group is designed to be smaller than the pupil diameter of the observer, so as to finally realize the Maxwell projection method or monocular multi-image display with a large viewing angle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of three-dimensional display technology, and more specifically to a waveguide display module based on parallel projection images. Background Art

[0002] Compared with traditional two-dimensional display, three-dimensional display can provide more dimensional information and is receiving more and more attention. Among them, because of the advantages of light and thin structure, waveguides have been commonly used in head-mounted three-dimensional display systems as guiding devices for the propagation path of optical information. However, the existing three-dimensional display systems using waveguide structures mainly use the principle of binocular parallax to project a corresponding two-dimensional projection image to the observer's eyes respectively, and stimulate the brain's depth perception through the intersection of binocular vision to achieve the presentation of three-dimensional vision. In order to see the corresponding two-dimensional projection image clearly, each eye needs to focus on the display surface (finite or infinite distance), and the binocular vision crosses the screen display scene to stimulate depth perception, which leads to the focus-convergence conflict problem, that is, the inconsistency between the observer's monocular focus depth and binocular convergence depth. Under natural circumstances, when an observer observes a real three-dimensional scene, the monocular focus depth and binocular convergence depth are consistent with the scene at the depth that the observer is concerned about. Therefore, the traditional optical devices that achieve three-dimensional display based only on binocular parallax have inherent focusing-convergence conflicts that go against the naturally evolved physiological habits of the human body, thus causing visual discomfort to the observer. This is currently a bottleneck problem that hinders the promotion and application of three-dimensional display technology.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent with the invention name of "Optical-WAVEGUIDE DISPLAY MODULE WITH MULTIPLE LIGHT SOURCES", publication number CN113359312A, and publication date 2021-09-07 (the corresponding invention name is "OPTICAL-WAVEGUIDE DISPLAY MODULE WITH MULTIPLE LIGHT SOURCES, publication number US 11330249 B1, and publication date 2022-05-10 U.S. patent") and the Chinese invention patent with the invention name of "Optical-WAVEGUIDE DISPLAY MODULE WITH MULTIPLE LIGHT SOURCES", publication number CN11311581 A, and publication date 2021-08-27 use the display device to project parallel projection images in different directions in a timely manner (each parallel projection image is composed of parallel light beams projected by the display device), and guide the light beams of these parallel projection images to the observer's pupil through a light waveguide. Through each display object point, when the observer's pupil receives a light beam from the parallel projection picture, the display is based on the Maxwellian view; through each display object point, when the observer's pupil receives more than one light beam from more than one parallel projection picture, the display is based on monocular multiple images. Both methods can overcome the focus-convergence conflict and achieve the consistency of the monocular focus depth with the binocular convergence depth. However, in the module described in the above patent, each parallel projection picture light beam is coupled out through a common coupling device, and the viewing angles of each parallel projection picture display image to the observer's pupil roughly overlap, that is, the maximum viewing angle of the final display scene does not exceed the corresponding viewing angles of each parallel projection picture. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention proposes a waveguide display module based on parallel projection images, which can be used as an eyepiece to build a head-mounted three-dimensional display system without focusing-convergence conflict based on two display modules corresponding to the observer's eyes respectively; it can also be based on one display module to build a naked eye three-dimensional display system when the display module can project convergence areas to the observer's eyes respectively. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images includes a parallel projection image optical machine, a waveguide device, a convergence device, and a control device. Among them, the parallel projection image optical machine projects M≧1 groups of M×N parallel projection images in M×N directions respectively, and each parallel projection image group includes N≧2 parallel projection images. The waveguide device guides the M parallel projection image groups, and projects them to the area where the observer's pupil is located through the convergence device, forming M convergence areas one by one. The parallel projection images described here are composed of parallel light beams each carrying corresponding light information, and an image will be formed when projected onto a surface. The same group of N parallel projection pictures are designed to be connected to each other relative to the viewing angle of the convergence area corresponding to the parallel projection picture group, so as to realize the projection of an image with extended viewing angle using the same group of N parallel projection pictures, and then use M parallel projection picture groups to project multiple images with extended viewing angles, and perform Maxwell projection method or monocular multi-image display.

[0005] This patent is a further development of several patents described in the background technology, and uses a waveguide to project M≧1 groups of M×N parallel projection pictures to the pupil of the observer. The perspectives of each group of N>1 parallel projection pictures displaying images to the pupil of the observer are designed to be connected to each other, so that the same group of N parallel projection pictures is used to realize the display of a perspective expansion image, and then the M parallel projection picture groups are used to project multiple perspective expansion images to realize Maxwell projection method or monocular multi-image display.

[0006] In order to realize the projection of M×N parallel projection images, various structures of parallel projection image optical machines are also designed to achieve the required viewing angle expansion and number of convergence areas. The present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] Waveguide display module based on parallel projection images, including:

[0008] A parallel projection image optical machine, wherein the parallel projection image optical machine projects M groups of M×N parallel projection images in M×N directions respectively, each parallel projection image group includes N parallel projection images, wherein M≧1 and N≧2;

[0009] Wherein, each parallel projection image is composed of parallel light beams carrying corresponding light information;

[0010] A waveguide device, the waveguide device comprises a waveguide body, an entrance pupil, a coupling device, a reflective device, a coupling device composed of a plurality of coupling units, and an exit pupil, wherein the parallel projection image light beam is incident on the coupling device through the entrance pupil, the coupling device guides the incident parallel projection image light beam to be reflected and propagated in the waveguide body through the reflective device, and finally modulated by the coupling device and transmitted to the area where the pupil of the observer is located through the exit pupil;

[0011] A converging device, which is placed at a position corresponding to the waveguide device and converges the light beam guided by the waveguide device;

[0012] A control device, which is connected to the parallel projection image optical machine signal and is used to control the corresponding light information carried by each light beam, that is, the projection light information of the scene to be displayed along the projection light beam corresponding to the light beam;

[0013] The projection beam corresponding to each light beam is the propagation beam of the light beam when it enters the pupil of the observer after being modulated by the waveguide device and the converging device;

[0014] The waveguide display module based on parallel projection pictures is configured so that each light beam projected by the parallel projection picture optical machine enters the pupil of the observer only once at a time point at most, and the light beams emitted by the N coupling units arranged in a spatially staggered manner in the same group of N parallel projection pictures correspond to each other, and the convergence area corresponding to the parallel projection picture group is constructed through the convergence device, and meets θ ≧1.5 θ min ,

[0015] Moreover, each convergence zone has a size smaller than the pupil diameter of the observer along at least one direction. D p , the distance between adjacent convergence zones corresponding to the pupil of the same observer is no greater than the pupil diameter of the observer D p ;

[0016] in, θ is the convergence angle value of the light beam from the corresponding parallel projection picture group passing through any convergence area to the convergence area, θ min It is the minimum value of the convergence angle of the light beams from each parallel projection picture in the corresponding parallel projection picture group passing through the convergence area on the convergence area.

[0017] Preferably, each of the convergence areas is a point-shaped convergence area.

[0018] Preferably, each outcoupling unit is an incident angle insensitive outcoupling unit, which also modulates the incident light from the non-corresponding parallel projection image and emits a corresponding outcoupling light beam;

[0019] The waveguide display module based on parallel projection pictures is configured such that the coupling units corresponding to the same group of parallel projection pictures are arranged in a continuous manner without gaps or overlaps, and each parallel projection picture group shares the coupling unit.

[0020] Preferably, each outcoupling unit is an incident angle sensitive outcoupling unit, and each outcoupling unit prevents a light beam from a non-corresponding parallel projection image from being incident on the pupil of the observer.

[0021] Preferably, the parallel projection image optical machine includes a display device, a sequential light source group consisting of T light sources that can be turned on sequentially under the drive of a control device, and a collimating device, wherein the display device includes multiple pixels or sub-pixels, and the T light sources provide parallel backlights along different directions to the display device at T time points in any time period through the collimating device sequence, and the control device drives the display device to synchronously load corresponding light information to project T parallel projection images, where T≧2.

[0022] Preferably, the parallel projection image optical machine further comprises a phase device I, a phase device II and a filter aperture group consisting of T apertures corresponding to the T light sources one by one;

[0023] Among them, the light emitted by each light source passes through the collimator and phase device I in turn and converges at the corresponding aperture. The light emitted by each aperture is converted into parallel light along the corresponding direction by the phase device II. The display device is placed on the light propagation path between the collimator and phase device I to load optical information.

[0024] Preferably, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups modulate K backlights with different orthogonal characteristics one by one and emit their corresponding modulated light beams, and each light source is respectively composed of K sub-light sources, and the K sub-light sources project backlights with the K different orthogonal characteristics, wherein K≧2;

[0025] The parallel projection image optical machine of the waveguide display module based on parallel projection images has K sub-light sources of the light source turned on at each time point, and K beams of parallel backlight projected along different directions are modulated by K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups of the display device respectively, and K parallel projection images are projected along their corresponding directions.

[0026] Preferably, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups modulate K backlights with different orthogonal characteristics one by one and emit their own corresponding modulated light beams, and each light source is respectively composed of K sub-light sources, and the K sub-light sources project backlights with the K different orthogonal characteristics, each aperture is composed of K sub-apertures, and the emitted light of T×K sub-light sources is sequentially converged on the T×K sub-apertures one by one after passing through the collimation device and the phase device I, wherein K≧2;

[0027] The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images has K sub-light sources of the light source turned on by the parallel projection image optical machine at each time point, and K beams of parallel backlight projected along different directions are modulated by K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups of the display device respectively, so as to project K parallel projection images along their corresponding directions.

[0028] Preferably, the parallel projection image optical machine includes a display device, a controllable deflection device capable of deflecting the outgoing direction of incident light under the drive of a control device, and a combination of a backlight light source and a collimation device for providing parallel backlight for the display device, wherein the display device includes multiple pixels or sub-pixels, the controllable deflection device sequentially deflects the incident light or outgoing light of the display device, and drives the display device through the control device to synchronously load corresponding light information, thereby sequentially projecting the corresponding parallel projection images along different directions.

[0029] Preferably, the parallel projection image optical machine includes a display device, a phase device I, a phase device II, a filter aperture placed between the phase device I and the phase device II, and a controllable deflection device capable of deflecting the exit direction of the incident light under the drive of a control device, wherein the display device includes a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, and its projection light is incident on the controllable deflection device in parallel after passing through the phase device I, the filter aperture and the phase device II in sequence, the controllable deflection device deflects the incident parallel light beam in time, and drives the display device through the control device to synchronously load the corresponding light information, and projects the corresponding parallel projection images in time along different directions.

[0030] Preferably, the parallel projection image optical machine comprises a display device, a phase device, a phase device II, and a filter aperture group composed of a plurality of apertures, wherein the display device comprises a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, and its projection light is sequentially emitted through the phase device I, the filter aperture group and the phase device II, and the emitted light of each aperture is converted into a parallel light beam along the respective corresponding direction through the phase device II;

[0031] Driven by the control device, the apertures of the filter aperture group are opened in sequence, and the display device loads the corresponding light information synchronously, projecting parallel projection images along their respective corresponding directions.

[0032] Preferably, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups respectively emit K kinds of light with different orthogonal characteristics, and each aperture is composed of K sub-apertures, and the K sub-apertures respectively allow the K kinds of light with different orthogonal characteristics to pass through in an open state, wherein K≧2;

[0033] Each image array or sub-pixel group of the parallel projection image optical machine projects a parallel projection image along its corresponding direction through its corresponding sub-aperture at each time point.

[0034] Preferably, the parallel projection image optical machine comprises a scanning projection unit and a controllable deflection device and a collimation device connected to the control device signal, and the scanning projection unit comprises a scanning device and a modulated light beam generating unit;

[0035] Among them, the outgoing light beam of the modulated light beam generating unit is deflected in sequence by the scanning device, and the light beam is projected to the collimating device in different directions and converted into a parallel light beam by the collimating device. The deflection device is controlled to deflect the parallel light beam incident through the collimating device in sequence, and the light information carried by each light beam is synchronously modulated by the control device, so as to sequentially project the corresponding parallel projection images in different directions.

[0036] Preferably, the parallel projection image optical machine comprises more than one scanning projection unit.

[0037] Preferably, more than one waveguide device is stacked and placed, and each waveguide device transmits the parallel projection image projected by its corresponding parallel projection image optical machine.

[0038] Preferably, each waveguide device shares a converging device.

[0039] Preferably, more than one waveguide device is stacked and each waveguide device transmits a light beam of a parallel projection image projected by a corresponding parallel projection image optical machine, wherein a converging device corresponding to each waveguide device is compounded with the waveguide device.

[0040] Preferably, each outcoupling unit is composed of outcoupling areas distributed at intervals, and any light beam from the corresponding parallel projection image, different light beams coupled out through different outcoupling areas of the outcoupling unit, cannot enter the pupil of the observer at more than one at the same time;

[0041] The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images also includes a pupil tracking unit, which is used to determine the corresponding pupil position in real time, and the control device synchronously refreshes the light information carried by each light beam, which is the projection light information of the scene to be displayed along its corresponding projection light beam.

[0042] Preferably, the coupling device is composed of more than one coupling unit, and each coupling unit corresponds to a parallel projection image optical machine;

[0043] The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images is configured such that more than one parallel projection image optical machine thereof projects a total of M×N parallel projection images through respective corresponding coupling units.

[0044] Preferably, the parallel projection image optical machine includes a display device, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, the light beam sets projected by the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups have different optical properties, and are guided by a coupling device with different modulation capabilities for the incident light with different optical properties, and are emitted in parallel along K different directions as K equivalent parallel projection images, where K≧2.

[0045] Preferably, the parallel projection image optical machine comprises a display device for projecting a light beam, and the waveguide display module based on the parallel projection image comprises a microstructure array, which is composed of microstructures corresponding one by one to each pixel, or each sub-pixel, or the light beam projected by each pixel or sub-pixel of the display device,

[0046] Among them, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner. The light beam sets projected by the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups are respectively emitted in parallel along K different directions as K equivalent parallel projection images after being regulated by their respective corresponding microstructures, where K≧2.

[0047] The present invention has the following technical effects: the present invention utilizes the mutual splicing of the convergence angles of the light beams of each parallel projection picture in the same group to realize the visual angle expansion of the image presented by the group of parallel projection pictures, and utilizes multiple parallel projection picture groups to project multiple visual angle expansion images, so as to display them based on the Maxwell projection method or monocular multi-images. The present invention is based on the waveguide display module of parallel projection pictures, has a light and thin structure, is particularly suitable for building a binocular display system as an eyepiece, and can effectively improve the three-dimensional visual comfort by overcoming the focus-convergence conflict.

[0048] The details of the embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings or the following description. Other features, objectives and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through the following description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The accompanying drawings are used to help better understand the present invention and are also a part of this specification. These drawings, which illustrate the embodiments, and together with the description, serve to explain the principle of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the perfect splicing and expansion of the convergence angles of the light beams of the same group of parallel projection images in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of an example arrangement of the incident angle insensitive characteristic outcoupling units corresponding to the same group of parallel projection images in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of an example arrangement of the incident angle insensitive characteristic outcoupling units corresponding to different groups of parallel projection images in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the change in the coverage area of ​​a single parallel projection image light beam on the outcoupling device under the control of the effective area factor of the waveguide device entrance pupil in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an example arrangement of the outcoupling unit with incident angle insensitivity under the control of the effective area factor of the entrance pupil of the waveguide device in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of light beam propagation when the coverage area of ​​the light beam of the parallel projection image in Example 1 of the present invention is larger than the corresponding coupling unit.

[0056] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the staggered arrangement of the point-shaped convergence areas corresponding to different parallel projection images in the same group in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the outcoupling light beams when part of the light beams of the parallel projected image in Example 1 of the present invention pass through corresponding and non-corresponding outcoupling units at the same time.

[0058] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of an example arrangement of the incident angle sensitive characteristic outcoupling unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0059] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of light beams of different properties projected by different pixel groups of a display device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which are modulated by coupling devices and transmitted along their respective corresponding directions.

[0060] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of light beams projected by different pixel groups of the display device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention being modulated by the microstructure array and transmitted along their respective corresponding directions.

[0061] Fig.12 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary coupling device including more than one coupling unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0062] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the optical structure of a parallel projection image optical machine according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0063] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the optical structure of an improved parallel projection image optical machine according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0064] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the optical structure of a parallel projection image optical machine with orthogonal characteristics according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0065] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of another optical structure of a parallel projection image optical machine according to Example 3 of the present invention.

[0066] Fig.17 This is another schematic diagram of the optical structure of the parallel projection image optomechanical device according to Example 3 of the present invention.

[0067] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the optical structure of a parallel projection image optical machine with orthogonal characteristics according to Example 3 of the present invention.

[0068] Fig.19 This is a structural diagram of an example of a parallel projection image optical machine based on a scanning projection unit according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0069] Fig. 20 This is an example structural diagram of an improved parallel projection image optical machine based on a scanning projection unit according to Example 3 of the present invention.

[0070] Fig.21 This is a schematic diagram of the optical structure of a waveguide device stacked display module according to Example 4 of the present invention.

[0071] Fig. 22 The figure shows a waveguide device stacked display module in which each waveguide device of Example 4 of the present invention is combined with a corresponding convergence device.

[0072] Fig.23 It is a schematic diagram of a coupling unit composed of coupling areas distributed at intervals according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The present invention is based on a waveguide display module of parallel projection pictures, and its parallel projection picture optical machine projects M≧1 groups of M×N parallel projection pictures in M×N directions respectively. The waveguide device guides the M parallel projection picture groups, and projects them to the area where the pupil of the observer is located through the convergence device, forming M convergence areas respectively. The convergence angles of the light beams of the same group of N parallel projection pictures are designed to be spliced ​​with each other (including splicing exactly, splicing with gaps, and splicing with partial overlap), and a visual angle expansion image presentation is realized through the same group of N parallel projection pictures, and the M visual angle expansion images projected by the M parallel projection picture groups are used to perform Maxwell projection method or monocular multi-image display. Two waveguide display modules based on parallel projection pictures are used to distribute and correspond to the binocular eyes of the observer to build a binocular head-mounted display structure, or one waveguide display module based on parallel projection pictures is used to project at least one visual angle expansion image to the binocular eyes of the observer, so as to overcome the focus-convergence conflict.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] like Figure 1 A group of N parallel projection images projected by the parallel projection image optical machine 10, after the light beams are guided by the waveguide device 20 and incident on the converging device 30, the converging angles are just connected and converged to the same point-shaped converging area. CP 1. In this example, the waveguide device 20 includes a waveguide body 201, an entrance pupil 202, a coupling device 203, a reflector 206, a coupling device 204 composed of a plurality of coupling units, and an exit pupil 205, wherein the reflector 206 includes reflective surfaces 206a and 206b. Each parallel projection image is composed of light beams parallel to the corresponding direction. The light information carried by each light beam is loaded by the parallel projection image optical machine 10 driven by the control device 40; the light information carried by each light beam is the projection light information of the scene to be displayed along the projection light beam corresponding to the light beam. The projection light beam corresponding to each light beam is the propagation light beam when the light beam is modulated by the waveguide device 20 and the converging device 30 and enters the pupil 50 of the observer. Figure 1 Take a parallel projection picture group composed of N = 2 parallel projection pictures as an example. Specifically, the N = 2 parallel projection pictures correspond to directions V 11 and V 12. Figure 1 Show the corresponding direction V 11 is taken as an example of a parallel projection image, which is composed of V It consists of 11 parallel beams. V 11, the light beam enters the coupling device 203 through the entrance pupil 202 of the waveguide device 20, and is modulated in its transmission direction by the coupling device 203. It is reflected by the reflection surfaces 206a and 206b in the waveguide 201 and enters the coupling unit 204-11 of the coupling device 204; the coupling unit 204-11 modulates the incident light and guides it through the exit pupil 205 and the converging device 30 to converge to the point CP 1. Similarly, the corresponding direction V The light beams of the parallel projection image 12 are also converged to the point through the waveguide device 20 and the converging device 30. CP 1. Point CP 1 is the point-shaped convergence area corresponding to the parallel projection image group. V 11 corresponds to the parallel projection image beam and is coupled out through the coupling unit 204-11, and the direction V 12 corresponds to the parallel projection image light beam is coupled out through the coupling unit 204-12 of the coupling device 204. In other words, the direction V 11 corresponds to the light beam of the parallel projection image, which is coupled out through the corresponding coupling unit 204-11; direction V12 corresponds to the light beam of the parallel projection image, and is coupled out through the corresponding coupling unit 204-12, such as Figure 2 The coupling units 204-11 and 204-12 are shown in the upper and middle figures. S 1 is the common edge point, arranged adjacently. At this time, the light beam convergence angle of the two parallel projection images θ 1 and θ 2 also fits together exactly, making the point-like convergence area CP 1 receives the image (from the corresponding direction V 11 and V 12 K = 2 parallel projection image (the light information carried by each light beam) θ = θ 1+ θ 2. Convergence angle of the light beams relative to the two parallel projection images θ 1 and θ 2. Get expanded. The viewing angle expansion mentioned in this patent satisfies θ ≧1.5 θ min .in θ It is the convergence angle value of the light beam from the corresponding parallel projection picture group passing through a convergence area to the convergence area, that is, the viewing angle of the image displayed by the corresponding parallel projection picture group in the convergence area; θ min It is the minimum value of the convergence angle of the light beams from each parallel projection picture in the corresponding parallel projection picture group passing through the convergence area to the convergence area. Figure 1 In terms of θ ≧1.5 min ( θ 1, θ 2) = 1.5 θ mi ,in min () is the minimum value function, min ( θ 1, θ 2) Take θ 1 and θ The minimum value of 2 is θ mi . Figure 2 The following figure shows the corresponding directions when more parallel projection images are grouped. V 13 is a schematic diagram of the beam propagation path of the third parallel projection image. Figure 1 and Figure 2In the figure, each outcoupling unit has an incident angle insensitive characteristic, that is, each outcoupling unit not only modulates the light beam from the corresponding parallel projection image and emits its corresponding outcoupling light beam, but also modulates the light beam from the non-corresponding parallel projection image and emits the corresponding outcoupling light beam. For example, a surface-distributed periodic microstructure can be used as an incident angle insensitive outcoupling unit. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In order to avoid the incidence of light beams that do not correspond to the parallel projection images, each outcoupling unit is designed to have only the light beams from the corresponding parallel projection images incident; at the same time, in order to ensure the exact connection between the convergence angles of light beams from different parallel projection images, the outcoupling units corresponding to the same group of parallel projection images are designed to be arranged adjacently without gaps. A light beam from the parallel projection image optical machine 10 carries a corresponding light information. When more than one outcoupling light beam is coupled out of the light beam through the outcoupling device 204, they can only carry the same light information; in this case, only one outcoupling light beam can be guaranteed to carry the correct light information, and the other outcoupling light beams will exist as crosstalk noise, which is expected not to exist in the design, or cannot be incident on the observer pupil 50. That is, it is required that a light beam from a parallel projection image, its outcoupling light beam, can only be incident on the observer pupil once at most at the same time point. When two different coupling units overlap, a light beam incident on the overlapping area is split into two light beams by the two coupling units, and both of them may enter the observer's pupil 50. This situation is equivalent to a light beam from a parallel projected image, which may enter the observer's pupil 50 more than once at the same time point. At this time, one of the light beams must exist as noise. In order to avoid this situation, Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is required that the incident angle insensitive characteristic outcoupling units corresponding to different parallel projection images of the same group do not overlap. Figure 2 In the embodiment, the entrance pupil 202 is located on the vertical plane of the reflection surface of the waveguide device 20, and its size is taken as the thickness of the waveguide device 20 in the vertical direction along the reflection surface. Specifically, z The size of the entrance pupil 202 is equal to the thickness of the waveguide 201. a .according to Figure 2 The geometric relationship shown, direction V 11 corresponds to the light beam of the parallel projection image, and the size of a complete coverage area on the outcoupling device 204 is atanθ 11 , there is a gap between two adjacent complete coverage areas with the same size atanθ 11 blank area; direction V The size of the complete coverage area of ​​the parallel projection image of the light beam of 12 on the outcoupling device 204 is atanθ 12, there is a gap between two adjacent complete coverage areas with the same size atanθ 12 blank area; direction V 13 The beam corresponding to the parallel projection image has a complete coverage area size on the outcoupling device of atanθ 13 , there is a gap between two adjacent complete coverage areas with the same size atan θ 13 The blank area. θ 11 , θ 12 , θ 13 Direction V 11. V 12. V 13 and z The acute angle value of the angle between the two directions, and here we set θ 11 < θ 12 < θ 13 In order to satisfy that each outcoupling unit only allows the light beam from the corresponding parallel projection image to be incident, Figure 2 Middle, Direction V 11. V 12. V 13 correspond to parallel projection images, and the corresponding coupling units 204-11, 204-12, and 204-13 are respectively along x They are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence, and their sizes are designed to be atanθ 11 , atanθ 12 , atanθ 13 This design enables the light beams of each parallel projected image to be incident on the corresponding convergence area, and the effective utilization rate of information is high. Figure 1 In the figure, the light beams from the same group of parallel projected images are coupled out by their corresponding outcoupling units and are designed to be parallel incident on the converging device 30 to form corresponding point-shaped converging areas.

[0076] For the second set of parallel projection images, when the incident angle insensitive coupling unit is selected, it is necessary to share the coupling unit with the first set of parallel projection images, such as Figure 3 This design can avoid the overlapping distribution between the outcoupling units with different optical characteristics corresponding to different parallel projection image groups. V twenty one, V twenty two, VThe parallel projection pictures corresponding to 23 form a second parallel projection picture group, which correspond to the coupling units 204-21, 204-22, 204-23, and are also the coupling units 204-11, 204-12, 204-13. θ 21 , θ 22 , θ 23 As a V twenty one, V twenty two, V 23 and z The acute angle to the θ 11 , θ 12 , θ 13 , θ 21 , θ 22 , θ 23 They cannot be the same, here θ 23 > θ 22 > θ 21 > θ 13 > θ 12 > θ 11 At this time, the second group of parallel projection image beams have a complete coverage size on the outcoupling device 204. atanθ 21 , atanθ 22 or atanθ 23 , and the corresponding dimensions of the coupling-out units 204-21 (204-11), 204-22 (204-12), 204-23 (204-13) along the x direction atanθ 11 , atanθ 12 or atanθ 13 In order to achieve the requirement that the second group of parallel projection image beams only cover the corresponding outcoupling unit, it is possible to set their beams to be incident through a partial area of ​​the entrance pupil 202. This area is called the effective entrance pupil area, and the ratio of the effective entrance pupil area size to the entire entrance pupil area size is expressed by the entrance pupil effective area factor β Indicates that to meet Figure 3 The requirements are shown in the figure below: β 21 atanθ 21 = atanθ 11 , β 22 atanθ 22 = atanθ 12 , β 23 atanθ 23 = atanθ 13 .in, β 21 , β 22 , β 23 The directions are V twenty one, V twenty two, V The effective pupil area factors corresponding to the parallel projection images 23 are all less than 1. In practical applications, the effective pupil area factors required for each parallel projection image are β , can be implemented by activating only the light beam from the parallel projection picture that passes through the corresponding effective entrance pupil area on the entrance pupil 202. Moreover, the effective area factor of the entrance pupil corresponding to the parallel projection picture is β After being determined, the position of the effective entrance pupil area can also be changed. Figure 4 As the effective entrance pupil area moves on the entrance pupil 202, the corresponding parallel projection image light beam covers the area on the outcoupling device 20 and moves accordingly. This design provides greater design redundancy for the alignment of each parallel projection image light beam coverage area and the corresponding outcoupling unit. When there are more sets of parallel projection images, the design is similar.

[0077] In fact, the outcoupling unit size corresponding to each parallel projection image can be smaller than the size of a continuous area covered by the outcoupling device 204 when the light beam of the parallel projection image is incident through the entire entrance pupil 202, that is, each parallel projection image can correspond to an entrance pupil effective area factor. Figure 5 For example, direction V 12 Corresponding parallel projection image corresponding to the coupling unit size β 12 atanθ 12 ,in β 12 Along the direction V 12 parallel projection image corresponding to the entrance pupil effective area factor; sharing the direction of the coupling unit V 22 corresponds to the effective area factor of the entrance pupil corresponding to the parallel projection image β 22 depending on:β 22 atan θ 22 = β 12 atanθ 12 . In fact, even if the size of the outcoupling unit corresponding to each parallel projection image is smaller than the size of a continuous area covered by the light beam of the parallel projection image on the outcoupling device 204, all the light beams of the parallel projection image can be incident through the entire entrance pupil 202, rather than only the light beams corresponding to the effective entrance pupil area being activated. At this time, although a light beam from the parallel projection image may be incident on a non-corresponding outcoupling unit, it will not be modulated and outcoupled by another outcoupling unit at the same time, satisfying the requirement of "each light beam only incident on the observer's pupil 50 at most once at a time point". However, at this time, the outcoupling light beam passing through the non-corresponding outcoupling unit may not be incident on the corresponding convergence area of ​​the parallel projection image group to which it belongs. For example Figure 6 ,direction V 11 corresponds to the parallel projection image corresponding to the coupling unit 204-11, the size is set to β 11 atanθ 11 ( β 11 <1), at Figure 6 In the S 0 S '1 area, which is smaller than a complete coverage area of ​​the parallel projected image beam on the outcoupling device 204 S 0 S 1 size. In this case, the direction V 11 corresponds to parallel projection images, coverage S '1 S The light beam in area 1 passes through the non-corresponding outcoupling unit 204-12 (at Figure 6 Occupy S '1 S '2 area), after incident on the converging device 30 along the direction vec1', it converges to point CZ'1; V 11 corresponds to parallel projection images, coverage S 0 S' The light beam in area 1 passes through the corresponding outcoupling unit 204-11 and enters the converging device 30 along the direction vec1, and converges to the point CZ 1. In this case, CZ 1 as direction V 11 corresponds to the point-like convergence area of ​​the parallel projection image, even if the direction V 11 The light beams corresponding to the parallel projection images do not all converge to the point-shaped convergence area. At this time, point CZ'1 may not belong to the directionV 11 corresponds to the convergence area of ​​the parallel projection picture; but the light beams that converge to the point CZ'1 all carry the projection light information of the scene to be displayed along the corresponding projection light beams. Even if they enter the pupil 50 of the observer, the correct display scene information they carry will not bring crosstalk noise. It should be emphasized here that the convergence area corresponding to a parallel projection picture is not necessarily the convergence area of ​​all its light beams after passing through the waveguide device 20 and the convergence device 30, but the convergence area of ​​the light beams coupled out of all its light beams through the corresponding coupling units; the corresponding convergence angle is also the convergence angle of these light beams coupled out of the corresponding coupling units relative to their convergence area. At this time, the image displayed by the parallel projection picture is presented by the light information carried by the part of the light beam from the parallel projection picture that passes through its corresponding convergence area. The convergence areas corresponding to the parallel projection pictures in the same group jointly construct the convergence area corresponding to the parallel projection picture group. The image displayed by a parallel projection picture group is presented by the light beams coupled out of the light beams from each parallel projection picture in the group through the corresponding coupling units.

[0078] Figure 1 In the case shown, light beams from the same group of parallel projection images are incident on the converging device 30 in parallel, forming corresponding point-shaped converging areas. Furthermore, light beams from different parallel projection images in the same group can be incident on the converging device 30 in different directions. Figure 7 Example, direction V 11 The light beam corresponding to the parallel projection image enters the converging device 30 along the direction vec1 and converges to the point CP1; direction V The light beam of the parallel projection image 12 is incident on the converging device 30 along the direction of vec2 and converges to the point CP'1. The area including the points CP1 and CP'1 is not larger than the pupil diameter of the observer. D p In this case, as the corresponding convergence area of ​​the parallel projection picture group composed of the two parallel projection pictures, the pupil 50 of the observer at the convergence area can receive the light information carried by each parallel projection picture of the parallel projection picture group, and they form a visual angle expansion image. Furthermore, the convergence area formed by the light beams of each parallel projection picture through the convergence device 30 may not be point-shaped, as long as the size of the area covering the corresponding convergence area of ​​the same group of parallel projection pictures along at least one direction is not greater than the pupil diameter of the observer. D p , they can be constructed as the convergence area corresponding to the parallel projection image group. Figure 7 In the present invention, there is a gap in the splicing of the convergence angles of the light beams of the same group of parallel projection images; the gap should be small and will not have a significant impact on the display effect. Of course, in this patent, the splicing of the convergence angles of the light beams of the same group of parallel projection images can also be a splicing with partial overlap in other possible situations.

[0079] In the above figures, the size of the entrance pupil 202 is taken as the thickness of the waveguide 201 perpendicular to the reflection surface. In actual waveguide applications, the surface where the entrance pupil 202 of the waveguide device 20 is located is often perpendicular to its reflection surface. z There is a non-zero angle α This angle can make each parallel projected image light beam cover a larger size on the outcoupling device 204 of the waveguide device 20, such as Figure 8 Middle direction V 11 corresponds to the light beam of the parallel projection image, and the size of a complete coverage area on the outcoupling device 204 is atanθ 11 + atanα . In this case, the light beam from a parallel projection picture may not pass through the corresponding outcoupling unit, but may be emitted through a non-corresponding outcoupling unit. Under the premise that each light beam from the parallel projection picture optical machine 10 "enters the observer's pupil 50 at most once at a time point", such light beams coupled out through non-corresponding outcoupling units do not introduce crosstalk noise. Another situation that needs attention is that a light beam from the parallel projection picture optical machine 10, while entering and being coupled out by the corresponding outcoupling unit, also enters other non-corresponding outcoupling units and is coupled out, such as Figure 8 The figure below shows an example. Figure 8 In the figure below, the direction V 12 Corresponding to the beam of parallel projection image e , the outcoupled light beam is emitted through the non-corresponding outcoupling unit 204-11 e e After that, it is reflected by 206b and enters the corresponding out-coupling unit 204-12, and an out-coupling light beam is emitted. e o At this time, it is required that the outgoing beam of the non-corresponding outgoing unit e e It is designed not to impinge on the observer's pupil 50 .

[0080] In the above process, each outcoupling unit has an incident angle insensitive characteristic, that is, it can modulate incident light beams at different angles and emit outcoupling light beams. There is also another design scheme, in which each outcoupling unit has an incident angle sensitive characteristic. This type of incident angle sensitive outcoupling unit only modulates the corresponding angle incident light beam from the corresponding parallel projection picture and emits the corresponding outcoupling light beam, prevents the outcoupling of the non-corresponding angle incident light beam from the non-corresponding parallel projection picture, or modulates the non-corresponding angle incident light beam and emits the outcoupling light beam, but the emission direction of the outcoupling light beam cannot be incident on the observer pupil 50. For example, a volume holographic grating that is sensitive to the incident angle can be used as such an incident angle sensitive outcoupling unit. Here, "preventing the outcoupling of the non-corresponding angle incident light beam from the non-corresponding parallel projection picture" does not mean 100% preventing the outcoupling of the non-corresponding angle incident light beam, but the outcoupling light beam of the non-corresponding angle incident light beam has a small light intensity, and the impact of the crosstalk noise on the display quality can be tolerated. Then, when the incident angle sensitive coupling unit is used, the coupling units corresponding to the parallel projection images of the same group and the coupling units corresponding to the parallel projection images of different groups may overlap, such as Fig. 9 At this time, the splicing of the convergence angles of the light beams of the same group of parallel projection images may also be splicing with partial overlap. Fig. 9 In the embodiment, the coupling units 204-11, 204-12, and 204-13 correspond to three parallel projection pictures of one parallel projection picture group, and the coupling units 204-21, 204-22, and 204-23 correspond to three parallel projection pictures of another parallel projection picture group.

[0081] In the above embodiment, each parallel projection image shares the coupling device 203. The coupling device 203 can be further designed to have different modulation characteristics for incident light with different characteristics. For example, K kinds of light beams with different characteristics incident in parallel are modulated by the coupling device 203 and are coupled out and emitted in K different directions. At this time, in the parallel projection image optical machine 10, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device 101 that emit light beams are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner; the parallel light beams projected by the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups have the K different characteristics one by one. Then, the light beam sets emitted by the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups of the display device 101 are respectively emitted in parallel in different directions after passing through the coupling device 203, as K equivalent parallel projection images corresponding to different directions. That is, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device 101 are respectively projected along K directions by the coupling device 203, which are composed of parallel light beams. Then, if the parallel projection image optical machine 10 is designed to project M'×N' parallel projection images along M'×N' directions respectively, after the coupling device 203, it becomes the projection of M'×N'×K equivalent parallel projection images. All or part of the M'×N'×K equivalent parallel projection images are directly used as M×N equivalent parallel projection images. Figures 1 to 9 That is to say, in this patent, when the equivalent parallel projection picture appears, it can be directly equivalent to the parallel projection picture described above and displayed. The equivalent relationship between the equivalent parallel projection picture and the parallel projection picture will not be repeated in the following part. The design of the equivalent parallel projection picture can reduce the time multiplexing requirements of the display module. For example Fig.10 As shown, corresponding to V The parallel projection image beams in the 11 direction come from a display device 101; the pixels of the display device 101 are grouped with one pixel interval, and the K=2 image arrays are designed to emit horizontal polarized beams (indicated by "-") and vertical polarized beams (indicated by "•") respectively. The coupling device 203 has different modulation capabilities for the horizontally polarized incident beam and the vertically polarized incident beam. V Horizontally polarized light incident in parallel along the 11th direction Vd 11 directions parallel emission, modulation along V 11 vertically polarized light incident in parallel along Vd'11 direction parallel emission, to achieve the projection of two equivalent parallel projection images. In the case where the characteristics of the incident light cannot be well maintained after propagation through the waveguide device 20, this design can avoid the influence of the waveguide device 20 on the characteristics of the light beam, and use the different characteristics of the incident light to increase the number of projections of equivalent parallel projection images. Based on a similar idea, a microstructure array 70 can also be introduced. The microstructure array is composed of microstructures that correspond one-to-one to each pixel, or each sub-pixel, or the light beams projected by each pixel or sub-pixel of the display device 101. At this time, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device 101 are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, and the light beam sets projected by the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups are respectively emitted in parallel along K different directions after being regulated by their respective corresponding microstructures, as K equivalent parallel projection images. Then, the parallel projection images projected by the parallel projection image optical machine 10 along M'×N' directions are transformed into M'×N'×K equivalent parallel projection images through modulation by the microstructure array 70. All or part of the equivalent parallel projection images are used as M×N equivalent parallel projection images. Figures 1 to 9 The method is displayed in the same way. Fig.11 As shown, corresponding to V In the case where the light beams of the parallel projection images in the 11 direction come from a display device 101, the pixels of the display device 101 are grouped one pixel apart to form K=2 image arrays. The microstructures of the microstructure array 70 and the pixels of the display device 101 are placed one by one to guide the K=2 image arrays along Vd 11 Directions and Vd '11 directions respectively emit parallel beams; the K=2 image array along Vd 11 Directions and Vd The sets of parallel light beams emitted from the '11 directions are regarded as K=2 equivalent parallel projection images. Fig.11 In the embodiment, each microstructure of the microstructure array 70 is arranged to correspond to each pixel of the display device 101. Each microstructure of the microstructure array 70 can also be arranged to correspond to each sub-pixel of the display device 101. Each microstructure of the microstructure array 70 can also be arranged to correspond to each outgoing light beam of each pixel or sub-pixel of the display device 101, that is, each microstructure is arranged on the transmission path of the outgoing light beam of each pixel or sub-pixel, and each microstructure may not be placed close to the corresponding pixel or sub-pixel.

[0082] Furthermore, similar to the out-coupling device 204 composed of multiple out-coupling units, the in-coupling device 203 can also be designed to be composed of more than one in-coupling unit, and each in-coupling unit corresponds to a parallel projection image optical machine. Fig.12In the example, the coupling units 203-1 and 203-2 constitute the coupling device 203, which respectively receive the parallel projection images projected by the parallel projection image optical machines 10 and 10', and the coupling unit 203-2 allows the light beam from the coupling unit 203-1 to be transmitted. The parallel projection image optical machines 10 and 10' jointly project M×N parallel projection images. At this time, the parallel projection images of the same group can come from the same parallel projection image optical machine or from different parallel projection image optical machines. The parallel projection images from different parallel projection image optical machines can have the same corresponding directions; in this case, the light beams from different groups of parallel projection images are incident on the entrance pupil 202 in parallel with each other, but they are incident on different spatial positions on the entrance pupil 202, which can also lead to inconsistency in the spatial area they cover on the coupling device 204, that is, they can correspond to different coupling units (even if the different coupling units they correspond to may have the same light modulation characteristics). Fig.12 Taking two coupling units and their corresponding two parallel projection image optical machines as an example, each coupling unit is embedded in the reflection surface of the waveguide 201. Each coupling unit can also be a micro-nano grating or other structure, and the light beam emitted from one coupling unit can also be directly designed to propagate without passing through other coupling units.

[0083] The above figures only show the coupling unit along one direction. x This is explained using the arrangement as an example, which can be extended to a two-dimensional arrangement in the same way.

[0084] The structure of the waveguide device 20 described in this patent specifically includes a waveguide body 201, an entrance pupil 202, a coupling device 203, reflection surfaces 206a and 206b as a reflection device 206, an outcoupling device 204, and an exit pupil 205. Each component is a functional device, and they can select various possible optical devices or optical structures, and are not limited to the optical devices specifically shown in the above embodiments. Even if some components and / or functional waveguide structures are added, they can be used as the waveguide device 20 of this patent as long as they can realize the functions of the waveguide device 20 described in this patent.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] The parallel projection image optical machine 10 described in Example 1 can select various optical structures as long as it can project the required parallel projection images in different directions. This Example 2 is similar to Example 1, and the difference is mainly that this Example 2 uses a parallel projection image optical machine 10 with other specific structures relative to Example 1. Fig.13A parallel projection image optical machine 10 is shown, comprising a display device 101 composed of pixels, a sequential light source group 102 composed of T≧2 light sources that can be sequentially turned on under the drive of a control device 40, and a collimator 104. The T light sources sequentially provide parallel backlights along different directions to the display device 101 through the collimator 104 at T time points in any time period. Fig.13 By focal length f The lens is used as the collimating device 104, with T = M × N = 4 point light sources located on the focal plane of the lens-type collimating device 104 S 1. S 2. S 3. S 4 is used as an example for explanation. Then at a time point, each pixel of the display device 101 modulates the corresponding parallel backlight to form a projected light beam, and its corresponding direction is the transmission direction of the parallel backlight incident on the display device 101 at that time point. Each pixel carries light information, and is synchronously loaded by the corresponding pixel under the drive of the control device 40. It is the propagation light beam of the pixel output light beam after passing through the waveguide device 20 and the converging device 30, and along the corresponding converging area where it is incident, and the projection light information of the scene to be displayed. Before the projection light beam of the parallel projection picture optical machine 10 enters the waveguide device 20, it can also pass through some optical devices, such as prisms, reflectors, etc., to guide the projection light beam of the parallel projection picture optical machine 10 through the entrance pupil 202 into the waveguide body 201. The setting of this type of optical device is a commonly used light transmission direction guidance method in the optical field, which is well known to those skilled in the art and is not separately described in this patent.

[0087] Fig.13 In the optical structure shown in FIG. 1 , a phase device I 105, a phase device II 106 and a filter aperture group 103 composed of T apertures can be further introduced, such as Fig.14 T = 4 apertures shown A 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. They and light sources S 1. S 2. S 3. S 4 correspond in sequence. Among them, the light emitted by each light source is converged to the corresponding aperture after passing through the collimator 104 and the phase device I105 in sequence, and the light emitted by each aperture is converted into parallel light along the corresponding direction by the phase device II106. The display device 101 is placed on the light propagation path between the collimator 104 and the phase device I105 to load light information to achieve the time-sequential projection of T parallel projection images. Here, the display device 101 is shown as a transmissive device, which can also be a reflective device.

[0088] Fig.13 and Fig.14The optical structure shown projects multiple parallel projection images based on time division multiplexing, and the number T of parallel projection images that can be projected is limited by the frame rate of the display device 101. Orthogonal properties can also be further introduced to divide the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device 101 into pixel groups or sub-pixel groups whose projection light has mutually identifiable orthogonal properties, so as to increase the number of parallel projection images that can be projected. Fig.15 In the example shown in the right figure, among the pixels of the display device 101, pixels with an interval of K-1=1 pixel are grouped, and the K=2 pixel groups allow horizontal polarized light (indicated by "-") and vertical polarized light (indicated by "•") to be emitted, respectively, while blocking the "•" light and "-" light respectively (for example, by attaching corresponding polarizers to each pixel to achieve the permission of the incident "•" light and "-" light to be emitted and blocking, that is, giving the K=2 different orthogonal characteristic lights the ability to recognize each other). That is, horizontal polarized light (indicated by "-") and vertical polarized light (indicated by "•") are used as K=2 orthogonal characteristics of polarization states. Correspondingly, the light source turned on at each time point is designed to be composed of K=2 sub-light sources, such as the sub-light source OS included in the light source S1. 11 and OS 12 The “-” light and the “•” light are projected toward the display device 101 along K=2 directions respectively. The K=2 pixel groups of the display device 101 are independently projected with the light from the sub-light source OS. 11 and OS 12 The parallel light is used as the backlight, and K=2 parallel projection images are projected along two corresponding directions respectively; at T time points in each time period, the projection of K×T parallel projection images can be realized. Fig.15 In the figure, each aperture is also replaced by K=2 sub-apertures, and the light emitted by each sub-light source is converged to the corresponding sub-aperture through the collimator 104 and the phase device I105. Each sub-aperture can also be further given a corresponding orthogonal characteristic to block the light with different orthogonal characteristics from non-corresponding sub-light sources from passing through. Fig.15 In the case shown, each parallel projection image is projected by a portion of pixels of the display device 101, corresponding to a portion of pixels of a parallel projection image, similar to that shown in 11, and can also be further designed to project K equivalent parallel projection images. For example, a portion of pixels of a parallel projection image is divided into K parallel beam sets as K equivalent parallel projection images through the microstructures (belonging to the microstructure array 70) in which each pixel is placed one by one, and are projected along K different directions.

[0089] Fig.15Only K=2 polarization states with mutually perpendicular polarization directions are used as orthogonal characteristics, and the orthogonal characteristics can also be other characteristics, as long as different orthogonal characteristic lights have the ability to recognize each other. For example, sub-pixels emitting the same color are respectively regarded as a group, and the light sources turned on at the same time respectively emit different color lights corresponding to different sub-pixel groups, and the different color lights can recognize each other through their corresponding color filters. Or further, sub-pixel groups of the same color are further divided into more groups based on the design of orthogonal characteristics of polarization states.

[0090] Figures 13 to 15 In the example, the light sources are described as point sources. They can also be long-distance sources. y At this time, the light beam emitted by each pixel or sub-pixel of the display device 101 only goes along x ' is a "thin" beam, which is called a one-dimensional beam in this patent. The collection of such beams is also called a parallel projection image, although these beams are parallel only along one-dimensional direction. At this time, each coupling unit of the waveguide device 20 coupling device 204 is arranged only along one-dimensional direction, and the size and spacing of the convergence area corresponding to each parallel projection image group along the one-dimensional direction are smaller than the pupil diameter of the observer. The design and use of strip light sources and / or strip apertures can also be used in other optical structures and will not be repeated.

[0091] Fig.13 Each light source that is turned on in sequence can be replaced by a combination of a backlight light source 1020 and a controllable deflection device 107, such as Fig.16 The parallel light projected by the light source 1020 through the collimating device 104 is controlled to be emitted in different directions under the control of the control device 40 when passing through the controllable deflection device 107 . Fig.16 In the embodiment, the display device 101 is placed before the controllable deflection device 107 along the light transmission direction, and it can also be placed after the controllable deflection device 107. The above substitution can also be applied to Fig.14 and Fig.15 The optical structure shown.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] The third embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, and the main difference is that the third embodiment adopts a parallel projection image optical machine 10 with other specific structures relative to the first embodiment. Fig.17 Another optical structure of a parallel projection image optical machine 10 is shown, which includes a display device 101 composed of pixels or sub-pixels, a phase device I 105, a phase device II 106, and a filter aperture group 103 composed of T=3 apertures. Among them, the phase device I 105 and the phase device II 106 are Fig.17In the figure, lenses are shown, and the filter aperture group 103 is placed on the common focal plane of the lens-type phase device I105 and the lens-type phase device II106. The projected light of the display device 101 is emitted in sequence through the phase device I105, the filter aperture group 103 and the phase device II106; driven by the control device 40, the apertures of the filter aperture group 103 are opened in sequence, and the display device 101 loads the corresponding light information synchronously; when one aperture is opened, the light beam projected by the display device 101 is emitted in parallel along the corresponding direction through the phase device II106, projecting a corresponding parallel projection picture. In fact, the distance between the filter aperture group 103 and the lens-type phase device I105 may not be equal to its focal length. f 1. The phase device II106 may also be other optical devices that modulate the light emitted from each aperture into parallel light. The parallel light described in this patent allows each light beam to have a smaller divergence angle, and the smaller divergence angle is to ensure that when the light beam enters the pupil of the observer, its spot size (the area corresponding to 90% of the maximum light intensity) is smaller than the diameter of the observer's pupil along at least one direction. The lens-type phase device I105 may also be other devices that have a converging function for the incident light, or it may be discarded on the premise that the light emitted from each pixel or sub-pixel of the display device 101 can enter each aperture of the filter aperture group 103. The display device 101 here can be either a passive display device that requires a backlight source, or an active display device that actively emits light. Fig.17 The optical structure shown may also select only one aperture as the filter aperture 1030, which is always in an open state, and introduce a deflection device 107 to perform temporal deflection on the light emitted by the phase device II106 to achieve the projection of multiple parallel projection images.

[0094] Similar to Fig.15 As shown, orthogonal properties can also be introduced into Fig.17 In the optical structure shown, the pixels or sub-pixels of the display device 101 are divided into K≧2 groups of pixel groups or sub-pixel groups that emit light with different orthogonal characteristics, and each aperture is also designed to be composed of K sub-apertures that allow the K types of orthogonal characteristic lights to pass through, such as Fig.18 . Specifically, taking K=2 as an example, among the pixels of the display device 101, pixels spaced K-1=1 pixel apart are grouped, and the K=2 pixel groups emit horizontally polarized light (indicated by "-") and vertically polarized light (indicated by "•") respectively. Correspondingly, at any time point, the control device 40 only opens K=2 sub-apertures of an aperture that allow "-" light and "•" to pass through respectively, and all K×T=6 sub-apertures are cyclically opened two at a time at T=3 time points in each time period, and the control device 40 drives the display device 101 to synchronously refresh the display, which can realize the projection of K×T=6 parallel projection images. For example, sub-aperture A 11 , A 12Only open at the first time point of each time period, subaperture A 21 , A 22 Only open at the second time point of each time cycle, subaperture A 31 , A 32 It is only opened at the third time point of each time period. 11 , A 21 , A 31 Only “•” light is allowed to pass through, A 12 , A 22 , A 32 Only "-" light is allowed to pass. In the case where the optional orthogonal characteristics (such as color orthogonal characteristics, or a combination of color orthogonal characteristics and polarization state orthogonal characteristics) are sufficient to support the projection of a sufficient number of parallel projection pictures, time division multiplexing may not be used.

[0095] Parallel projection image optical machine 10 may also be Fig.19 The scanning projection unit 108 and the collimating device 104 are shown in FIG. The scanning projection unit 108 is composed of a scanning device 1081 and a modulated light beam generating unit 1082. Fig.19 The modulated light beam generating unit 1082 includes a red (R) light source 1082R, a green (G) light source 1082G, a blue (B) light source 1082B, a blue (B) light reflector 1082MB, a green (G) light reflector 1082MG, and a red (R) light reflector 1082MR. The green (G) light reflector 1082MG allows blue light to pass through, and the red (R) light reflector 1082MR allows blue light and green light to pass through. The light beams from the light sources 1082R, 1082G, and 1082B are combined into one beam through the blue (B) light reflector 1082MB, the green (G) light reflector 1082MG, and the red (R) light reflector 1082MR, and enter the scanning device 1081. The control device 40 controls the timing deflection of the scanning device 1081, and projects the incident light beam into the collimating device 104 along different directions. The collimating device 104 modulates the light beams incident from different directions into parallel light beams, and then incident on the controllable deflection device 107. Each light beam emitted from the modulated light beam generating unit 1082 is modulated by the control device 40 to load light information; the parallel light beam carrying the corresponding light information and incident on the controllable deflection device 107 is deflected by the controllable deflection device 107 to form a plurality of parallel projection images that appear in timing. Among them, the advantage of this structure is that the light beam projected by the modulated light beam generating unit 1082 can have a very small divergence angle, such as a laser beam, which is beneficial to the constraint of the distribution spot size of each light beam on each depth plane within the depth range of the display scene. However, in this optical structure, all light beams are generated based on time division multiplexing. In order to further reduce the requirements for time division multiplexing, more than one scanning projection unit can be used, such as Fig. 20The scanning projection units 108 and 108' are shown. In the case of using the scanning projection unit 108 and the collimating device 104 in combination, each exit point of the parallel light beam at the collimating device 104 can also be regarded as an equivalent pixel, and each equivalent pixel is similarly designed to have a corresponding orthogonal characteristic, for example, each equivalent pixel is disposed with a polarizer corresponding to the equivalent pixel to obtain its polarization state orthogonal characteristic, or the exit direction of each equivalent pixel exit light is modulated by a microstructure placed corresponding to each equivalent pixel (all of the microstructures constitute a microstructure array 70) to achieve the projection of an equivalent parallel projection image. Among them, the corresponding equivalent pixel of each light beam incident on the collimating device 104 can also be set to any point on the light beam, rather than necessarily being the exit point of the light beam after passing through the collimating device 104.

[0096] Example 4

[0097] The waveguide structure described in Example 1 can also be stacked in two or more layers, each guiding the light beams projected from the corresponding parallel projection image optical machine 10, and forming respective convergence areas of multiple parallel projection image light beams through their shared convergence device 30; wherein each parallel projection image is grouped, and the convergence areas of each parallel projection image light beam in the same group constitute the corresponding convergence area of ​​the parallel projection image group. Fig.21 The stacked waveguide devices 20 and 20', respectively corresponding to the parallel projection image optical machines 10 and 10', form a composite structure together. In this case, by multiplexing the two waveguide device / parallel projection image optical machine combinations, the number of parallel projection images that can be projected is doubled. The parallel projection images of the same group can come from the same waveguide device / parallel projection image optical machine combination, or from two different waveguide device / parallel projection image optical machine combinations. Fig.21 Only the stacking of two waveguide structures is used as an example for explanation. Of course, more waveguide structures can also be stacked. Similarly, three monochromatic waveguide devices (which only conduct red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light beams, respectively) can also be stacked into a composite structure. Furthermore, each waveguide device / parallel projection image optical-mechanical combination can also correspond to a different converging device, but the crosstalk noise caused by the light beam projected by a waveguide device / parallel projection image optical-mechanical combination entering a non-corresponding converging device must be avoided. For example, the converging device corresponding to each waveguide device / parallel projection image optical-mechanical combination is a micro-nanostructure device with angle selectivity, which blocks the light beam projected by non-corresponding waveguide devices; for another example, the converging device corresponding to each waveguide device / parallel projection image optical-mechanical combination can be compounded into its own waveguide device to modulate the incident light through the corresponding reflective device 206, and not modulate the approximately vertical incident light, so as to achieve a more flexible design; or there is no spatial overlap between the converging devices corresponding to each waveguide device / parallel projection image optical-mechanical combination. Specifically, Fig. 22In the embodiment, the converging device 30 corresponding to the waveguide device 20 is composited to the coupling device 204 of the waveguide device 20, and the converging device 30' corresponding to the waveguide device 20' is composited to the coupling device 204' of the waveguide device 20'. Furthermore, in each waveguide device / parallel projection image optical-mechanical combination, an equivalent parallel projection image can also be designed and introduced.

[0098] When the converging device 30 is combined with the waveguide device 20, each outcoupling unit may be composed of outcoupling regions distributed at intervals, such as Fig.23 The outcoupling regions 204-s1 and 204-s2 which are discretely distributed constitute the outcoupling unit 204-s, and 30-s1 and 30-s2 are the corresponding parts of the regions 204-s1 and 204-s2 in the converging device 30. In this case, when a light beam is incident on different outcoupling regions of the outcoupling unit 204-s based on reflection, the light beams emitted from different outcoupling regions belong to two converging areas and need to be incident on the observer pupil 50 at different times. Fig.23 In the figure, a beam from the parallel projection image optical machine 10 s , the light beam coupled out through the coupling region 204-s1 of the coupling unit 204-s s '', and beam s The light beam continues to be reflected and moves forward through the outcoupling region 204-s1 and is coupled out through the outcoupling region 204-s2 s ''' belong to two different convergence areas and cannot simultaneously enter the observer pupil 50. For example, for the observer pupil 50 at a certain position, the outcoupled beam s ''Incident, but outcoupled beam s '''No incident light; when the observer's pupil moves to another position, the outcoupled light beam s ''No longer incident, but coupled out beam s '''Incident. In view of this situation, a pupil tracking unit 60 may be provided, and according to the position of the corresponding observer pupil 50 determined in real time by the pupil tracking unit 60, the outcoupled beam that is incident on the observer pupil 50 in real time among the different outcoupled beams emitted through different outcoupled areas of such light beams is determined, and the light information corresponding to the light beam is designed as the projection light information of the scene to be displayed along the outcoupled beam that is incident on the observer pupil 50. In fact, in the case where the light beam from the parallel projection image optical machine 10 emits only one outcoupled beam through the exit pupil 205, or emits more than one outcoupled beam, but only one of them may be incident on the observer pupil 50, a pupil tracking unit 60 may also be provided in the display module. At this time, according to the position of the corresponding observer pupil 50 determined in real time by the pupil tracking unit 60, it is controlled to activate only the light beam that is incident on the observer pupil 50 or its surrounding area in real time among all the light beams that can be projected by the parallel projection image optical machine 10, thereby reducing the amount of data that the display module actually needs to display.

[0099] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited to this. Any concept of guiding multiple parallel projection images through waveguides, where one parallel projection image only occupies one transmission direction, and using the convergence angles corresponding to more than one parallel projection image light beams to widen the viewing angle of the projected image, falls within the protection scope of the present invention. The embodiments of this patent only list conventional waveguide devices. Other types of improved waveguide devices, especially waveguide devices whose coupling devices or / and coupling devices are constructed by various microstructures that cannot be exhaustively listed, can be used as waveguide devices of this patent as long as they have the waveguide device functions described in this patent. The orthogonal characteristics described in this patent only take polarization state orthogonal characteristics and color orthogonal characteristics as examples. It can also be other possible characteristics as long as the characteristics have the ability to recognize each other. For another example, compared with this patent, the Chinese invention patent with the invention name of “Optical waveguide display module based on multiple light sources”, publication number CN113359312A, and publication date 2021-09-07, and the Chinese invention patent with the invention name of “Optical waveguide display module with aperture timing gating multiplexing”, publication number CN11311581 A, and publication date 2021-08-27 correspond to the situation of N=1, M≧2 outside the protection scope of this patent. However, the parallel projection image optical machines of various optical structures listed in this patent and not appearing in the above two patents can be applied to the above two patents. In fact, optical structures that can project parallel projection images that have not yet been exemplified or even appear in the future can be used as parallel projection image optical machines of this patent. Accordingly, all relevant embodiments fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waveguide display module based on parallel projection images, characterized in that: include: A parallel projection image optical machine (10), the parallel projection image optical machine (10) projects M groups of M×N parallel projection images respectively along M×N directions, each parallel projection image group comprises N parallel projection images, wherein M≧1, N≧2; wherein each parallel projection image is composed of parallel light beams carrying corresponding light information; A waveguide device (20), the waveguide device (20) comprising a waveguide conductor (201), an entrance pupil (202), a coupling device (203), a reflection device (206), a coupling device (204) composed of a plurality of coupling units, and an exit pupil (205), wherein a parallel projection image light beam is incident on the coupling device (203) via the entrance pupil (202), the coupling device (203) guides the incident parallel projection image light beam to propagate through reflection via the reflection device (206) in the waveguide conductor (201), and is finally modulated by the coupling device (204) and transmitted to the area where the pupil (50) of the observer is located through the exit pupil (205); A converging device (30), the converging device (30) being placed at a position corresponding to the waveguide device (20) and converging the light beam guided by the waveguide device (20); A control device (40), the control device (40) being connected to the parallel projection image optical machine (10) by signal, and used to control the corresponding light information carried by each light beam, that is, the projection light information of the scene to be displayed along the projection light beam corresponding to the light beam; The projection light beam corresponding to each light beam is a propagation light beam of the light beam when it enters the pupil (50) of the observer after being modulated by the waveguide device (20) and the converging device (30); The waveguide display module based on parallel projection pictures is arranged so that each light beam projected by the parallel projection picture optical machine (10) enters the pupil (50) of the observer at most once at a time point, and the light beams emitted by the N coupling units arranged in a spatially staggered manner in a group of N parallel projection pictures are respectively corresponding to each other, and the convergence area corresponding to the parallel projection picture group is constructed through the convergence device (30), and meets θ ≧1.5 θ min , Moreover, each convergence zone has a size smaller than the pupil diameter of the observer along at least one direction. D p , the distance between adjacent convergence zones corresponding to the same observer's pupil (50) is no greater than the observer's pupil diameter D p ; in, θ is the convergence angle value of the light beam from the corresponding parallel projection picture group passing through any convergence area to the convergence area, θ min It is the minimum value of the convergence angle of the light beams from each parallel projection picture in the corresponding parallel projection picture group passing through the convergence area on the convergence area.

2. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the convergence areas is a point-shaped convergence area.

3. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each outcoupling unit is an incident angle insensitive outcoupling unit, and also modulates the incident light from the non-corresponding parallel projection image and emits a corresponding outcoupling light beam; The waveguide display module based on parallel projection pictures is configured such that the coupling units corresponding to the same group of parallel projection pictures are arranged in a continuous manner without gaps or overlaps, and each parallel projection picture group shares the coupling unit.

4. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each outcoupling unit is an incident angle sensitive outcoupling unit, and each outcoupling unit prevents a non-corresponding parallel projection picture light beam from incident on the pupil (50) of the observer.

5. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel projection image optical machine (10) comprises a display device (101), a sequential light source group (102) composed of T light sources that can be turned on sequentially under the drive of a control device (40), and a collimating device (104), wherein the display device (101) comprises a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, and the T light sources provide the display device (101) with parallel backlight in different directions at T time points in any time period through the collimating device (104) sequentially, and the control device (40) drives the display device (101) to synchronously load corresponding light information to project T parallel projection images, wherein T≧2.

6. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 5, characterized in that: The parallel projection image optical machine (10) further comprises a phase device I (105), a phase device II (106) and a filter aperture group (103) consisting of T apertures corresponding one-to-one to the T light sources; The light emitted by each light source is sequentially passed through the collimating device (104) and the phase device I (105) and then converged to the corresponding aperture. The light emitted by each aperture is converted into parallel light along the corresponding direction by the phase device II (106). The display device (101) is placed on the light propagation path between the collimating device (104) and the phase device I (105) to load the optical information.

7. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pixels or sub-pixels of the display device (101) are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups modulate K types of backlights with different orthogonal characteristics one by one and emit their own corresponding modulated light beams, and each light source is respectively composed of K sub-light sources, and the K sub-light sources project backlights with the K types of different orthogonal characteristics, wherein K≧2; The parallel projection image optical machine (10) of the waveguide display module based on parallel projection images has K sub-light sources of the light source turned on at each time point, and K beams of parallel backlight projected in different directions are modulated by K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups of the display device (101), respectively, to project K parallel projection images in the directions corresponding to each other.

8. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pixels or sub-pixels of the display device (101) are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups modulate K types of backlights with different orthogonal characteristics one by one and emit corresponding modulated light beams, and each light source is respectively composed of K sub-light sources, and the K sub-light sources project backlights with the K types of different orthogonal characteristics, and each aperture is composed of K sub-apertures, and the emitted light of T×K sub-light sources is sequentially converged on the T×K sub-apertures one by one after passing through a collimating device (104) and a phase device I (105), wherein K≧2; The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images has K sub-light sources of a light source turned on by a parallel projection image optical machine (10) at each time point, and K beams of parallel backlight projected in different directions are modulated by K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups of a display device (101), respectively, to project K parallel projection images in respective corresponding directions.

9. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel projection image optical machine (10) comprises a display device (101), a controllable deflection device (107) capable of deflecting the exit direction of incident light under the drive of a control device (40), and a combination of a backlight light source (1020) and a collimation device (104) for providing parallel backlight for the display device (101), wherein the display device (101) comprises a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, the controllable deflection device (107) sequentially deflects the incident light or the exit light of the display device (101), and drives the display device (101) to synchronously load corresponding light information through the control device (40), thereby sequentially projecting corresponding parallel projection images in different directions.

10. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel projection image optical machine (10) comprises a display device (101), a phase device I (105), a phase device II (106), a filter aperture (1030) disposed between the phase device I (105) and the phase device II (106), and a controllable deflection device (107) capable of deflecting the exit direction of incident light under the drive of a control device (40), wherein the display device (101) comprises a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, and the projection light thereof is sequentially incident on the controllable deflection device (107) after passing through the phase device I (105), the filter aperture (1030) and the phase device II (106), and then incident on the controllable deflection device (107) in parallel, the controllable deflection device (107) sequentially deflects the incident parallel light beam, and synchronously loads corresponding light information by driving the display device (101) through the control device (40), and sequentially projects the corresponding parallel projection images in different directions.

11. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel projection image optical machine (10) comprises a display device (101), a phase device I (105), a phase device II (106), and a filter aperture group (103) composed of a plurality of apertures, wherein the display device (101) comprises a plurality of pixels or sub-pixels, and projection light thereof is sequentially emitted through the phase device I (105), the filter aperture group (103), and the phase device II (106), and the emitted light of each aperture is converted into a parallel light beam along a corresponding direction through the phase device II (106); Driven by the control device (40), the apertures of the filter aperture group (103) are opened in sequence, and the display device (101) loads corresponding light information synchronously, projecting parallel projection images along respective corresponding directions.

12. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 11, characterized in that: The pixels or sub-pixels of the display device (101) are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups respectively emit K kinds of light with different orthogonal characteristics, and each aperture is composed of K sub-apertures, and the K sub-apertures respectively allow the K kinds of light with different orthogonal characteristics to pass through in a one-to-one correspondence when in an open state, wherein K≧2; Each image array or sub-pixel group of the parallel projection image optical machine (10) projects a parallel projection image along a corresponding direction through a corresponding sub-aperture at each time point.

13. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel projection image optical machine (10) comprises a scanning projection unit (108) and a controllable deflection device (107) and a collimation device (104) connected to the control device (40) by signal, and the scanning projection unit (108) comprises a scanning device (1081) and a modulated light beam generating unit (1082); The light beam emitted by the modulated light beam generating unit (1082) is deflected in time by the scanning device (1081), and the light beam is projected to the collimating device (104) in different directions, and is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimating device (104). The control deflection device (107) deflects the parallel light beam incident through the collimating device (104) in time, and synchronously modulates the light information carried by each light beam through the control device (40), so that the corresponding parallel projection images are projected in time in different directions.

14. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 13, characterized in that: The parallel projection image optical machine (10) comprises more than one scanning projection unit (108).

15. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: More than one waveguide device (20) is stacked and placed, and each waveguide device (20) transmits a parallel projection image projected by a corresponding parallel projection image optical machine (10).

16. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 15, characterized in that: Each waveguide device (20) shares a converging device (30).

17. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: More than one waveguide device (20) is stacked and arranged, and each waveguide device (20) transmits a light beam of a parallel projection image projected by a corresponding parallel projection image optical machine (10), wherein a converging device corresponding to each waveguide device (20) is composited with the waveguide device (20).

18. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each outcoupling unit is composed of outcoupling areas that are spaced apart, and any light beam from the corresponding parallel projection image, different light beams coupled out through different outcoupling areas of the outcoupling unit, cannot enter the pupil of the observer (50) at the same time at more than one. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images also includes a pupil tracking unit (60), which is used to determine the corresponding pupil position in real time, and the control device (40) synchronously refreshes the light information carried by each light beam, which is the projection light information of the scene to be displayed along its corresponding projection light beam.

19. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling device (203) is composed of more than one coupling unit, and each coupling unit corresponds to a parallel projection image optical machine (10); The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images is configured such that more than one parallel projection image optical machine thereof projects a total of M×N parallel projection images through respective corresponding coupling units.

20. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel projection image optical machine (10) comprises a display device (101), wherein pixels or sub-pixels of the display device (101) are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, wherein the light beam sets projected by the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups respectively have different optical characteristics, and are guided by a coupling device (203) having different modulation capabilities for the incident light with different optical characteristics, and are respectively emitted in parallel along K different directions as K equivalent parallel projection images, wherein K≧2.

21. The waveguide display module based on parallel projection images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel projection image optical machine (10) comprises a display device (101) for projecting a light beam, and the waveguide display module based on the parallel projection image comprises a microstructure array (70), the microstructure array being composed of microstructures corresponding one-to-one to each pixel, or each sub-pixel, or the light beams projected by each pixel or sub-pixel of the display device (101). The pixels or sub-pixels of the display device (101) are divided into K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups arranged in an interlaced manner, and the light beam sets projected by the K pixel groups or sub-pixel groups are respectively emitted in parallel along K different directions as K equivalent parallel projection images after being regulated by their corresponding microstructures, where K≧2.

Images