A passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor

Abstract

The present application provides a passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor, which relates to the field of design of residual heat removal systems for metal reactors, including an independent heat exchanger, a residual liquid reservoir, and a residual heat exchanger; the independent heat exchanger is provided with a unique heat channel for liquid metal and a non-energy heat exchange medium to selectively pass through and transfer heat to each other; the residual liquid reservoir is provided with corresponding inlets and outlets for the residual heat exchange medium to enter and exit; the residual heat exchanger is provided with a residual heat channel for the residual heat exchange medium and the non-energy heat exchange medium to selectively pass through and transfer heat to each other, and the unique heat channel selected by the non-energy heat exchange medium and the residual heat channel selected by the non-energy heat exchange medium are connected through an intermediate pipeline, so that the non-energy heat exchange medium passively circulates between the independent heat exchanger and the residual heat exchanger to discharge the heat of the liquid metal in the heat pool. The system utilizes natural circulation, is safe and stable, and passively discharges the residual heat of the core out of the reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of design of metal reactor waste heat removal systems, and in particular to a passive waste heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor. Background Art

[0002] High-temperature liquid metal reactors have become a research highland for advanced nuclear power systems that countries around the world are vying for due to their advantages in safety performance, economic benefits, and high power density. Their application in the field of ships has also become a current development trend. The application of passive residual heat removal technology for high-temperature liquid metal reactors has further improved their safety performance. The residual heat removal system of conventional nuclear reactors relies on air heat exchangers and uses the atmospheric environment as the final heat sink. In the application of underwater ships, due to the particularity of underwater operations, it is obviously necessary to use seawater as a cooling medium and the sea as the final heat sink. However, the current research on the residual heat removal methods of high-temperature liquid metal reactors for underwater ships is relatively limited.

[0003] It is particularly important to point out that in the design of marine reactor systems, when a full-site power outage or coolant loss accident occurs, after an emergency shutdown, whether the residual heat of the core can be effectively and continuously discharged is crucial and related to the safety of the entire system. Under emergency shutdown accident conditions, the residual heat removal system is put into operation and seawater removes the residual heat. Under normal operating conditions, in order to prevent the liquid metal in the residual heat removal equipment from solidifying and to ensure that the residual heat removal equipment can respond and be put into operation in a timely manner under emergency conditions, the residual heat removal equipment needs to maintain a certain operating state, that is, the standby condition. In view of the high temperature properties of the liquid metal reactor and the high heat transfer performance of seawater compared to air, the seawater in the residual heat removal system is easily heated to a boiling state by the primary side liquid metal to produce steam, which has a large thermal shock on the structural performance of the residual heat removal equipment.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent application No. CN202110671114.9 discloses a pool-type reactor waste heat removal system and method, which includes an independent waste heat removal heat exchanger arranged in a reactor vessel, and the independent waste heat removal heat exchanger is connected to an off-reactor condenser arranged in a high-level liquid storage tank outside the reactor vessel through a heat exchange loop pipeline to form a closed circulation loop of a passive waste heat removal system. The reactor vessel is divided into a hot pool and a cold pool by an insulating enclosure, wherein the independent waste heat removal heat exchanger is arranged in a compartment, and the compartment enclosure at the upper part of the compartment is higher than the coolant liquid level of the hot pool under normal operating conditions, and an automatic pressing / opening device is provided at the lower part of the compartment, which can achieve isolation from the cold pool and communication between the compartment and the cold pool and the hot pool under accident conditions. Under normal operating conditions, the independent waste heat removal heat exchanger of the passive waste heat removal system is in an isolated standby state in the compartment and does not come into contact with the coolant of the pool-type reactor; under accident conditions, the coolant of the pool-type reactor expands due to heat and enters the compartment where the independent waste heat removal heat exchanger is located. As the coolant in the compartment increases, the internal pressure of the compartment increases, the automatic locking / opening device of the compartment opens, and the compartment is connected to the cold pool and hot pool of the coolant to form a natural circulation loop; the heat exchange medium of the passive waste heat removal system exchanges heat with the coolant of the pool-type reactor through the independent waste heat removal heat exchanger, and then enters the external condenser for cooling. The cooled heat exchange medium re-enters the independent waste heat removal heat exchanger to form another natural circulation process, and the core waste heat is exported to the external liquid storage tank. It can be seen that under normal operating conditions, the independent waste heat removal heat exchanger of this scheme is deactivated. When an accident occurs, its restart requires higher equipment reliability, and the selection of its heat exchange medium is also limited. It is necessary to ensure that the heat exchange medium does not solidify and block the pipeline under standby conditions. In addition, the water in its liquid storage tank may be heated to a boiling state by the heat exchange medium at the off-reactor condenser to produce steam, which will affect the equipment and the heat exchange cycle. Therefore, this scheme has limitations.

[0005] In summary, in view of the special operating environment of marine reactors, it is necessary to design and develop a method that can not only maintain the operation of the standby operating system to prevent the liquid metal from solidifying, but also discharge the residual heat from the system in time in the event of an emergency shutdown accident, while avoiding phase change of the heat exchange medium and flow instability. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to discharge the core waste heat continuously, effectively, safely and stably when the ship reactor is powered off or shut down due to an emergency accident, the present application proposes a passive waste heat removal system for a ship liquid metal reactor, which can not only maintain the system in a standby operating state when the reactor is working normally to prevent the heat exchange medium from solidifying, but also enable the system to operate efficiently to discharge the core waste heat in the event of an emergency shutdown accident, while preventing the heat exchange medium from undergoing phase change and causing unstable flow.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve its technical problem is: a passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor, including an independent heat exchanger, a residual heat storage device, and a residual heat exchanger.

[0008] The independent heat exchanger exchanges heat with liquid metal in a heat pool of the reactor where it is located and needs to discharge waste heat through a non-energy heat exchange medium;

[0009] A residual heat exchange medium and a flow regulating device for controlling the inflow and outflow of the residual heat exchange medium are arranged inside the residual liquid storage device, and the residual heat exchange medium at least includes a first heat exchange medium;

[0010] The excess heat exchanger is arranged in the excess liquid storage tank, and realizes the circulation of non-heat exchange medium and heat exchange with the excess heat exchange medium through the intermediate pipeline arranged between the independent heat exchanger; the position of the excess heat exchanger is higher than the independent heat exchanger.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the independent heat exchanger is provided with at least two independent heat channels through which liquid metal and non-energy heat exchange medium can selectively pass and transfer heat to each other; the residual heat exchanger is provided with at least two residual channels through which residual heat exchange medium and non-energy heat exchange medium can selectively pass and transfer heat to each other; at least one independent heat channel through which the non-energy heat exchange medium selectively passes and at least one residual channel through which the non-energy heat exchange medium selectively passes are connected through an intermediate pipeline, at least one of the other independent heat channels is connected to the liquid metal in the heat pool, and at least one of the other residual channels is connected to the residual heat exchange medium in the residual liquid reservoir.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, the independent heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger, and the independent heat channel includes an independent heat shell channel formed by an independent heat exchanger shell and an independent heat tube channel formed by a tube body arranged in the shell, and the outer wall of the independent heat exchanger shell is respectively provided with an independent heat shell side inlet and an independent heat shell side outlet of the independent heat shell channel, and an independent heat tube side inlet and an independent heat tube side outlet of the independent heat tube channel; the residual heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger arranged in a residual liquid reservoir, and the residual channel includes an residual shell channel formed by a residual heat exchanger shell and an residual tube channel formed by a tube body arranged in the shell, and the outer wall of the residual heat exchanger shell is respectively provided with an residual shell side inlet and a residual shell side outlet of the residual shell channel, and a residual tube side inlet and a residual tube side outlet of the residual tube channel.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, the excess heat exchange medium in the excess liquid reservoir also includes a second heat exchange medium, and the excess liquid reservoir is provided with a corresponding first inlet and a first outlet for the first heat exchange medium to enter and exit, and a second inlet and a second outlet for the second heat exchange medium to enter and exit.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the flow regulating device is a valve provided on at least one of the channels through which the excess heat exchange medium enters and flows out of the excess liquid reservoir.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, the liquid metal from the heat pool in the independent heat exchanger flows from top to bottom in its selected single heat channel, and the non-heat exchange medium flows from bottom to top in its selected single heat channel.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, the non-heat exchange medium in the waste heat exchanger flows from top to bottom in the waste channel selected by it, and the waste heat exchange medium flows from bottom to top in the single heat channel selected by it.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium have different temperatures, or the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium have different thermal conductivities, so as to control the heat exchange rate through the difference in temperature or thermal conductivity.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the independent heat pipe body channel and the residual shell channel are connected by an intermediate pipeline, the liquid metal of the heat pool flows through the independent heat shell channel, the non-energy heat exchange medium flows through the independent heat pipe body channel, the intermediate pipeline, and the residual shell channel, and the residual heat exchange medium flows through the residual pipe body channel.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the non-energy heat exchange medium is liquid metal, the first heat exchange medium is condensed water, and the second heat exchange medium is seawater.

[0020] The advantages of the embodiments of the present application are:

[0021] 1. The passive residual heat removal system of the marine liquid metal reactor is provided with a residual heat exchanger placed therein by setting a residual heat reservoir. The inlet and outlet of the residual heat reservoir are provided to realize the real-time replacement of the heat exchange medium in the residual heat reservoir. Compared with the residual heat exchanger without a residual heat reservoir, the residual heat exchange medium of the residual heat exchanger can be effectively prevented from boiling due to the heating of the liquid metal, thereby preventing the occurrence of unstable flow of the medium in the residual heat exchanger and ensuring the structural performance safety of the residual heat removal equipment.

[0022] 2. The passive residual heat removal system of the marine liquid metal reactor is equipped with a device to control the flow of condensed water and seawater in and out of the residual heat removal reservoir. Under normal operating conditions, it is connected to the condensed water to ensure that the residual heat removal system is in a low-efficiency standby state, and the non-energy heat exchange medium in it runs at a low speed to prevent the non-energy heat exchange medium from solidifying; under accident conditions, it is connected to seawater, and the residual heat removal system operates at a high efficiency and transfers the residual heat in the reactor to the seawater.

[0023] 3. The passive residual heat removal system of the marine liquid metal reactor is connected by an independent heat exchanger inside the reactor and a residual heat exchanger outside the reactor. It utilizes natural circulation flow to passively and effectively remove the residual heat from the core. It utilizes inherent characteristics such as density difference and gravity to form a natural circulation loop for heat exchange, thereby improving the reliability of system operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor.

[0025] Description of main reference numerals:

[0026] 1-hot pool; 2-cold pool; 3-core; 4-exclusive hot shell side outlet; 5-independent heat exchanger; 6-exclusive hot shell side inlet; 7-intermediate pipeline; 8-excess shell side outlet; 9-condensate inlet valve; 10-excess shell side inlet; 11-condensate outlet valve; 12-excess liquid storage tank; 13-seawater outlet valve; 14-excess pipe side outlet; 15-seawater inlet valve; 16-excess heat exchanger; 17-excess pipe side inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The embodiment of the present application provides a passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to continuously, effectively, safely and stably remove the residual heat from the core of the existing marine reactor when the reactor is powered off or shut down due to an emergency. The overall idea is as follows:

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] See also Figure 1The present invention provides a passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor, comprising an independent heat exchanger 5, a residual heat storage tank 12, and a residual heat exchanger 16. Heat transfer between components is achieved through a heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium comprises a non-energy heat exchange medium and a residual heat exchange medium; the independent heat exchanger 5 is arranged in the liquid metal of a heat pool 1 where the reactor needs to discharge residual heat; the independent heat exchanger 5 is provided with at least two independent heat channels through which liquid metal and non-energy heat exchange medium can selectively pass and transfer heat to each other; the residual heat storage tank 12 stores residual heat exchange medium inside, and the residual heat storage tank 12 is provided with corresponding inlets and outlets for the residual heat exchange medium to enter and exit, and the residual heat exchange medium comprises at least a first heat exchange medium; the residual heat exchange medium The heat exchanger 16 is arranged in the surplus liquid reservoir 12, and is provided with at least two surplus channels for surplus heat exchange medium and non-energy heat exchange medium to selectively pass through and transfer heat to each other; at least one independent heat channel selected by the non-energy heat exchange medium to pass through is connected with at least one surplus channel selected to pass through through the intermediate pipeline 7, at least one of the other independent heat channels is connected to the liquid metal in the heat pool 1, and at least one of the other surplus channels is connected to the surplus heat exchange medium in the surplus liquid reservoir 12; the position of the surplus heat exchanger 16 is higher than the independent heat exchanger 5. In this scheme, the independent heat exchanger 5 arranged in the reactor and the waste heat exchanger 16 outside the reactor realize heat transfer between the two through a non-energy heat exchange medium, utilize natural circulation flow to passively discharge the waste heat of the core 3 out of the reactor, and utilize inherent characteristics such as density difference and gravity to form a heat exchange natural circulation loop. Under normal operating conditions, it is connected to condensed water to ensure that the waste heat removal system is in a low-efficiency standby state, and the non-energy heat exchange medium inside it runs at a low speed to prevent solidification; under accident conditions, it is connected to seawater, and the waste heat removal system operates with high efficiency and transports the waste heat in the reactor to the seawater.

[0030] Preferably, the independent heat exchanger 5 is a shell and tube heat exchanger, provided with a unique heat channel for liquid metal and non-energy heat exchange medium to selectively pass through, the unique heat channel includes a unique heat shell channel formed by the shell of the independent heat exchanger 5, a unique heat tube channel formed by a tube body arranged in the shell, and the outer wall of the shell of the independent heat exchanger 5 is respectively provided with a unique heat shell side inlet and a unique heat shell side outlet 4 of the unique heat shell channel, and a unique heat tube side inlet and a unique heat tube side outlet of the unique heat tube channel. The surplus liquid reservoir 12 stores surplus heat exchange medium inside, and the surplus liquid reservoir 12 is provided with corresponding inlets and outlets for the surplus heat exchange medium to enter and exit, and the surplus heat exchange medium includes at least the first heat exchange medium. The waste heat exchanger 16 is a shell and tube heat exchanger arranged in the waste liquid reservoir 12, and is provided with a waste channel for waste heat exchange medium and non-energy heat exchange medium to selectively pass through. The waste channel includes a waste shell channel formed by the shell of the waste heat exchanger 16, and a waste tube channel formed by a tube body arranged in its shell. The outer wall of the waste heat exchanger 16 shell is respectively provided with a waste shell side inlet 10 and a waste shell side outlet 8 of the waste shell channel, and a waste tube side inlet 17 and a waste tube side outlet 14 of the waste tube channel; the single heat channel selected by the non-energy heat exchange medium is connected to the selected waste channel through the intermediate pipeline 7, the other channel of the single heat channel is connected to the liquid metal in the heat pool 1, and the other channel of the preheating channel is connected to the waste heat exchange medium in the waste liquid reservoir 12.

[0031] In this embodiment, the liquid metal from the heat pool 1 in the independent heat exchanger 5 flows from top to bottom in the selected independent heat channel, and the non-energy heat exchange medium flows from bottom to top in the selected independent heat channel. The non-energy heat exchange medium in the residual heat exchanger 16 flows from top to bottom in the selected residual channel, and the residual heat exchange medium flows from bottom to top in the selected independent heat channel. Specifically, in this example, the heat pool 1 is located above the cold pool 2, and the liquid metal in the heat pool 1 is connected to the independent heat shell channel of the independent heat exchanger 5. Accordingly, the non-energy heat exchange medium circulates in the independent heat tube channel and the residual shell channel of the residual heat exchanger 16, and the residual heat exchange medium circulates in the residual tube channel. The independent heat shell channel of the independent heat exchanger 5 is cooled by the independent heat tube channel, and there is a temperature difference between the liquid metal therein and the liquid metal in the heat pool 1, so that a natural circulation loop is formed between the two: it flows in from the independent heat shell side inlet 6, passes through the independent heat shell channel, and flows out from the independent heat shell side outlet 4. The non-energy heat exchange medium in the independent heat pipe body channel is heated by the liquid metal in the independent heat shell channel and has a higher temperature, while the non-energy heat exchange medium in the residual heat shell channel has a lower temperature under the action of the residual heat exchange medium, resulting in a density difference between the upper and lower parts of the non-energy heat exchange medium. Under the action of the height difference between the independent heat exchanger 5 and the residual heat exchanger 16, a gravity-driven natural circulation is generated, so that the non-energy heat exchange medium forms a closed natural circulation loop between the independent heat pipe body channel, the intermediate pipeline 7, and the residual shell channel: it flows out from the independent heat pipe side outlet through the independent heat pipe body channel, enters the residual shell side inlet 10 along the intermediate pipeline 7, flows out from the residual shell side outlet 8 through the residual shell channel, and returns to the independent heat pipe body channel from the independent heat pipe side inlet along the intermediate pipeline 7. For the waste heat exchanger 16, the waste heat exchange medium in the waste tube channel is heated by the non-energy heat exchange medium, and the temperature is higher than the temperature of the waste heat exchange medium in the waste liquid reservoir 12, so that the waste heat exchange medium forms a natural circulation loop between the waste tube channel and the waste liquid reservoir 12: entering from the waste tube side inlet 17, passing through the waste tube channel, and flowing out from the waste tube side outlet 14. In this way, the heat transfer between the independent heat exchanger 5 and the waste heat exchanger 16 is realized by the non-energy heat exchange medium, and the waste heat of the core 3 is effectively discharged out of the reactor in a passive manner by utilizing the natural circulation flow.

[0032] Furthermore, the excess heat exchange medium in the excess liquid reservoir 12 also includes a second heat exchange medium. In the marine navigation environment, the first heat exchange medium is condensed water carried by the ship, and the second heat exchange medium is seawater introduced from the external marine environment with a temperature lower than that of the condensed water. The excess liquid reservoir 12 is provided with a corresponding first inlet and a first outlet for the first heat exchange medium condensed water to enter and exit, and a second inlet and a second outlet for the second heat exchange medium seawater to enter and exit. A condensed water inlet valve 9 and a condensed water outlet valve 11 are provided at the first inlet and the first outlet channel positions for the condensed water to enter and exit the excess liquid reservoir 12 to control the flow of the condensed water to enter and exit the excess liquid reservoir 12; similarly, a seawater inlet valve 15 and a seawater outlet valve 13 are provided at the second inlet and the second outlet channel positions for the seawater to enter and exit the excess liquid reservoir 12 to control the flow of the seawater to enter and exit the excess liquid reservoir 12.

[0033] Specifically, during use, when the reactor is in normal operation, the seawater inlet valve 15 and the seawater outlet valve 13 are closed, and the condensate inlet valve 9 and the condensate outlet valve 11 connected to the condensate are opened, and the amount of inflow is controlled to be small. At this time, the temperature in the residual liquid reservoir 12 is slightly different from the temperature on the residual tube channel side and the residual shell channel side of the residual heat exchanger 16. At this time, the natural circulation capacity of the system is relatively weak, and it is only necessary to maintain the low-speed flow of the non-energy heat exchange medium in the system loop to ensure that the non-energy heat exchange medium in the system does not solidify. After the accident, the seawater inlet valve 15 and the seawater outlet valve 13 are opened, and the colder seawater flows into the residual liquid reservoir 12. The seawater temperature in the residual liquid reservoir 12 is relatively low. In addition, the temperature of the liquid metal in the reactor pool increases accordingly under the accident condition, and the temperature difference between the two increases. Therefore, the natural circulation capacity of the system is enhanced. The non-energy heat exchange medium in the independent heat exchanger 5 and the residual heat exchanger 16 generates a gravity-driven natural circulation under the action of the density difference and the height difference. In the closed natural circulation loop formed between the independent heat pipe body channel, the intermediate pipeline 7, and the residual shell channel, the residual heat in the reactor pool is continuously transferred to the seawater in the residual liquid reservoir 12, and circulated to the external marine environment through the pipeline to achieve the purpose of discharging the residual heat.

[0034] Preferably, the non-energy heat exchange medium in this embodiment is liquid metal. It should be noted that this embodiment controls the heat exchange rate and natural circulation capacity of the system by utilizing the temperature difference between the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium and the flow difference in and out of the residual liquid storage tank 12. As an optional method, the heat exchange rate and natural circulation capacity of the system can also be controlled by using the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium with different thermal conductivities.

[0035] Embodiment 2:

[0036] The difference from Example 1 is that in this example, the excess heat exchange medium only uses the first heat exchange medium, that is, seawater. The excess liquid reservoir 12 is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet for the first heat exchange medium, seawater, to enter and exit. A seawater inlet valve 15 and a seawater outlet valve 13 are provided at the positions of the first inlet and the first outlet channels for seawater to enter and exit the excess liquid reservoir 12 to control the flow of seawater into and out of the excess liquid reservoir 12.

[0037] Specifically, during use, when the reactor is in normal operation, the seawater inlet valve 15 and the seawater outlet valve 13 connected to the seawater are opened, and the amount of seawater entering is controlled to be small. At this time, the temperature in the excess liquid storage tank 12 is slightly different from the temperature on the excess tube channel side and the excess shell channel side of the excess heat exchanger 16. At this time, the natural circulation capacity of the system is relatively weak, and it is only necessary to maintain the low-speed flow of the non-energy heat exchange medium in the system loop to ensure that the non-energy heat exchange medium in the system does not solidify. After the accident, the seawater flow rate of the seawater inlet valve 15 and the seawater outlet valve 13 is increased, and more cold seawater flows into the residual drain reservoir 12 per unit time. Under the heat exchange effect of the seawater in the residual drain tube channel and the non-energy heat exchange medium in the residual drain shell channel, the temperature of the non-energy heat exchange medium in the residual drain shell channel is further reduced, and the temperature of the liquid metal in the reactor pool increases accordingly under the accident condition, and the temperature difference between the two increases, so the natural circulation capacity of the system is enhanced. The non-energy heat exchange medium in the independent heat exchanger 5 and the residual drain heat exchanger 16 generates a gravity-driven natural circulation under the action of the density difference and the height difference, and forms a closed natural circulation loop between the independent heat tube channel, the intermediate pipeline 7, and the residual drain shell channel, which continuously transfers the residual heat in the reactor pool to the seawater in the residual drain reservoir 12, and circulates to the external marine environment through the pipeline to achieve the purpose of discharging the residual heat.

[0038] In summary, the passive residual heat removal system for polar ship liquid metal reactors constructed by the present invention can not only maintain the system in a standby operating state when the reactor is operating normally to prevent the heat exchange medium from solidifying, but also enable the system to operate efficiently to discharge the core residual heat in the event of an emergency shutdown accident, while preventing the heat exchange medium from undergoing phase change and causing unstable flow.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that: Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples for clearly explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived from this are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor, characterized in that: include: An independent heat exchanger exchanges heat with liquid metal in a heat pool of the reactor where the independent heat exchanger is located through a non-energy heat exchange medium and the liquid metal in the heat pool where the residual heat needs to be discharged; A surplus liquid storage device, in which a surplus heat exchange medium and a flow regulating device for controlling the inflow and outflow of the surplus heat exchange medium are arranged, wherein the surplus heat exchange medium includes at least a first heat exchange medium; and A surplus heat exchanger is arranged in the surplus liquid storage tank, and realizes the circulation of the non-heat exchange medium and the heat exchange with the surplus heat exchange medium through the intermediate pipeline arranged between the surplus heat exchanger and the independent heat exchanger; the surplus heat exchanger is located higher than the independent heat exchanger; The independent heat exchanger is provided with at least two independent heat channels through which liquid metal and non-energy heat exchange medium can selectively pass and transfer heat to each other; the residual heat exchanger is provided with at least two residual channels through which residual heat exchange medium and non-energy heat exchange medium can selectively pass and transfer heat to each other; at least one independent heat channel through which the non-energy heat exchange medium selectively passes is connected with at least one residual channel through which the non-energy heat exchange medium selectively passes through an intermediate pipeline, at least one of the other independent heat channels is connected with the liquid metal in the heat pool, and at least one of the other residual channels is connected with the residual heat exchange medium in the residual liquid reservoir; The excess heat exchange medium in the excess liquid reservoir also includes a second heat exchange medium, and the excess liquid reservoir is provided with a corresponding first inlet and a first outlet for the first heat exchange medium to enter and exit, and a second inlet and a second outlet for the second heat exchange medium to enter and exit; Wherein, the first heat exchange medium is condensed water, and the second heat exchange medium is seawater; Wherein, under normal operating conditions, the flow regulating device is connected to the condensed water, and under accident conditions, the flow regulating device is connected to the seawater.

2. A passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The independent heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger, and the independent heat channel includes an independent heat shell channel formed by an independent heat exchanger shell and an independent heat tube channel formed by a tube body arranged in the shell. The outer wall of the independent heat exchanger shell is respectively provided with an independent heat shell side inlet and an independent heat shell side outlet of the independent heat shell channel, and an independent heat tube side inlet and an independent heat tube side outlet of the independent heat tube channel; the residual heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger arranged in a residual liquid reservoir, and the residual channel includes an residual shell channel formed by a residual heat exchanger shell and an residual tube channel formed by a tube body arranged in the shell. The outer wall of the residual heat exchanger shell is respectively provided with an residual shell side inlet and a residual shell side outlet of the residual shell channel, and an residual tube side inlet and a residual tube side outlet of the residual tube channel.

3. A passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The flow regulating device is a valve arranged on at least one of the channels through which the excess heat exchange medium enters and flows out of the excess liquid storage device.

4. A passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid metal from the heat pool in the independent heat exchanger flows from top to bottom in the selected single heat channel, and the non-heat exchange medium flows from bottom to top in the selected single heat channel.

5. A passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The non-heat exchange medium in the waste heat exchanger flows from top to bottom in the waste channel selected by it, and the waste heat exchange medium flows from bottom to top in the single heat channel selected by it.

6. A passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium have different temperatures, or the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium have different thermal conductivities, so that the heat exchange rate can be controlled by the difference in temperature or thermal conductivity.

7. A passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The independent heat pipe channel and the residual shell channel are connected by an intermediate pipeline, the liquid metal of the heat pool flows through the independent heat shell channel, the non-energy heat exchange medium flows through the independent heat pipe channel, the intermediate pipeline, and the residual shell channel, and the residual heat exchange medium flows through the residual pipe channel.

8. A passive residual heat removal system for a marine liquid metal reactor as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The non-energy heat exchange medium is liquid metal.

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