Qualitative characterization method, device, medium and equipment for fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method, device, medium and equipment for qualitative characterization of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs. The method comprises: obtaining a formation guide body based on prestack depth migration data; using the formation guide body as a constraint to obtain a formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; performing primitive pixel enhancement processing on the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; obtaining a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on the processed formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; and determining the degree of fault development based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value and a prediction threshold. The method for qualitative characterization of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs of the present invention utilizes the prestack depth migration data body, relies on formation guide body detection and discontinuity detection to obtain a formation discontinuity detection body characterizing abnormal fault development, performs primitive attribute processing on this basis, performs imaging optimization on the fault development attribute body, and obtains a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale fracture-cavity body, with good prediction effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas exploration and development, and specifically relates to a method, device, medium and electronic equipment for qualitatively characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, some progress has been made in the study of the role of faults in the formation and development of oil and gas reservoirs, especially in the Tarim Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, where a new type of oil and gas reservoir, "fault-karst body", was discovered, in which the control of faults on the formation and development of oil and gas reservoirs is more obvious.

[0003] For fracture-cavity reservoirs, typical reservoir seismic responses are beaded reflections, chaotic reflections, continuous weak reflections, etc. The development of faults has a drainage effect on the surface water and groundwater required for karst, and the fracture of faults also provides more favorable conditions for the occurrence of formation dissolution. Therefore, there is a certain matching relationship between the distribution of faults and typical reservoir seismic responses such as beaded reflections and chaotic reflections. In other words, the development of faults has a certain degree of control over the distribution of reservoirs.

[0004] In the fault-karst oil and gas reservoir type, faults become the main controlling factor of oil and gas accumulation and reservoir development. Under the control of faults, stratum fragmentation, surface water infiltration and dissolution, and deep hydrothermal melting jointly lead to the formation of fault-karst oil reservoir reservoirs. Reflected in the seismic profile, it is a comprehensive response of typical fault development characteristics and reservoir anomalies. Faults are typically characterized by the dislocation and bending of seismic phase axes, and small-scale reservoirs dominated by fracture-cavity aggregates are typically characterized by "weak beads", chaotic reflections, and weak reflections. In fault-karst oil reservoirs, faults themselves can complete the reservoir, and the development of the reservoir is obviously controlled by faults. Therefore, it is difficult to completely separate faults and reservoirs in this type of oil and gas reservoirs and describe them as independent elements.

[0005] For beaded reflection reservoirs, seismic characterization methods are relatively complete. However, for non-beaded reflections, qualitative seismic attribute analysis methods are still the main method. For carbonate reservoirs with non-beaded reflections, domestic scholars have done a lot of research. Some scholars have analyzed the seismic response characteristics in detail under the conditions of fault development and fracture-cavity development from the perspective of forward modeling. They believe that the caves developed inside the fault zone have no obvious "beaded" characteristics. Large-scale caves and caves developed at the reflection interface can produce "beaded" characteristics, but it is still difficult to distinguish them from the messy reflections produced by faults. Some scholars have studied the formation mechanism of weak reflections in fracture-cavity reservoirs, and established a forward model based on the reservoir parameters interpreted by logging to discuss the formation mechanism of weak reflection reservoirs. They believe that "weak reflection" is the seismic response of small-scale fracture-cavity reservoirs, and the reservoir development level is lower than that of "strong beaded" reservoirs. Some scholars have also adopted the idea of ​​contour-interior hierarchical characterization from the fault-karst body, using tensor and AFE seismic attributes to characterize the contour and internal structure of the fault-broken zone of the fault-karst reservoir, which has achieved the characterization of the internal structure of the fault-karst body to a certain extent and guided the design of drilling trajectories in production. Overall, the prediction and characterization of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs mainly revolves around the imaging of fault zones and the characterization of their fracture surfaces.

[0006] However, the current fault surface characterization method is not effective in predicting reservoirs controlled by fault development and discontinuous and chaotic emission reservoirs in strata.

[0007] Therefore, there is a particular need for a fracture surface characterization method that has good prediction effects on reservoirs controlled by fault development and discontinuous and chaotic emission reservoirs in strata. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fracture surface characterization method with good prediction effect on fracture development control reservoir and discontinuous chaotic emission reservoir.

[0009] The present invention provides a method for qualitatively characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir, comprising: obtaining a formation guide body based on prestack depth migration data; using the formation guide body as a constraint to obtain a formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; performing primitive pixel enhancement processing on the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; obtaining a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on the processed formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; and determining the degree of fault development based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value and a prediction threshold.

[0010] Optionally, obtaining a formation guide body based on pre-stack depth migration data includes: performing a three-dimensional scan on the pre-stack depth migration data through a gradient structure tensor algorithm to obtain formation guide information with three directional components of x, y, and z, and then obtaining the formation guide body, wherein x and y represent the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the plane, respectively, and z represents the depth direction.

[0011] Optionally, taking the formation guide body as a constraint to obtain the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint includes: performing formation discontinuity detection on the pre-stack depth migration data, taking the formation guide body as a constraint during detection, considering the formation change information in the three component directions of x, y and z of the formation, and obtaining the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint.

[0012] Optionally, the stratum change information is the change in stratum dip caused by stratum deposition and tectonic movement, resulting in the seismic reflection interface of the stratum in the seismic data appearing as a changing stratum reflection structure with different strikes and dips.

[0013] Optionally, the pixel enhancement processing of the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under the constraint includes: counting the distribution of attribute values ​​of the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under the constraint; obtaining the proportion of attribute values ​​through a counting test method or a ratio test method based on the attribute value distribution; setting the value range of pixel enhancement of the primitive by combining the lower threshold and the upper threshold of the response of the geological anomaly body in the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under the constraint with the proportion of the attribute values; within the value range of the pixel enhancement of the primitive, performing imaging optimization on the geological anomaly body in the discontinuity detection body by using the abnormal primitive processing method.

[0014] Optionally, obtaining the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraints after primitive pixel processing includes: comparing the drilling reservoir calibration results based on the attribute value distribution, and analyzing the correspondence between the attribute value of the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraints after the primitive pixel processing and the seismic clutter reflection; based on the corresponding relationship, determining the initial value of the attribute of the discontinuity detection body corresponding to the development of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs, and using the initial value of the attribute as the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value.

[0015] Optionally, determining the degree of fault development based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute value and the prediction threshold includes: when the three-dimensional seismic attribute value is greater than the prediction threshold, determining that the degree of fault development is low; when the three-dimensional seismic attribute value is less than or equal to the prediction threshold, determining that the degree of fault development is high.

[0016] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory storing executable instructions; and a processor, wherein the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-mentioned method for qualitatively characterizing the fault-controlled small-scale reservoir.

[0017] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for qualitatively characterizing fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs.

[0018] The present invention also provides a quantitative characterization device for fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs, comprising: a formation guide body acquisition module, which obtains a formation guide body based on pre-stack depth migration data; a formation discontinuity detection body acquisition module, which uses the formation guide body as a constraint to obtain a formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; a graphic element processing module, which performs graphic element pixel enhancement processing on the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value acquisition module, which obtains a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on the processed formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; and a determination module, which determines the degree of fault development based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value and a prediction threshold.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the qualitative characterization method of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs of the present invention utilizes pre-stack depth migration data, relies on formation guide body detection and discontinuity detection to obtain a formation discontinuity detection body characterizing abnormal fault development, and on this basis, performs primitive attribute processing, performs imaging optimization on the fault development attribute body, obtains a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value characterizing the fault-controlled small-scale fracture-cavity body, and has a good prediction effect.

[0020] The present invention has other features and advantages, which will be apparent from or will be described in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following specific embodiments incorporated herein, which together serve to explain the specific principles of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally represent like components throughout the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for qualitatively characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 2 The isochronous slices in the target layer of prestack depth migration data of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0024] Figure 3 The isochronous slices (x component) in the target layer of the formation-guided volume data of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0025] Figure 4 The isochronous slices (y component) in the target layer of the formation-guided volume data of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0026] Figure 5 The isochronous slices (z component) in the target layer of the formation-guided volume data of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0027] Figure 6 The isochronous slices in the target layer of a formation discontinuity detection attribute of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0028] Figure 7 The isochronous slices of the seismic attribute volume representing the chaotic reflection obtained after the primitive enhancement processing of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0029] Figure 8 The figure shows the comparison of prestack depth migration data (a) and discontinuity (b) and disorderly attributes (c) on a typical section for a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Fig. 9 A block diagram of a device for qualitatively characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0031] Description of Reference Numerals

[0032] 102. Formation guide body acquisition module; 104. Formation discontinuity detection body acquisition module; 106. Graphics element processing module; 108. Three-dimensional seismic attribute body value acquisition module; 110. Determination module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0034] The present invention provides a method for qualitatively characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir, comprising: obtaining a formation guide body based on prestack depth migration data; using the formation guide body as a constraint to obtain a formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; performing image element pixel enhancement processing on the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; obtaining a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on the processed formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; and determining the degree of fault development based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value and a prediction threshold.

[0035] Specifically, starting from the pre-stack depth migration data, the formation guide body is calculated and the formation discontinuity detection based on the formation guide body is carried out to obtain the formation discontinuity data body reflecting the fault development pattern. On this basis, the pixel enhancement processing of the image element for small-scale reservoirs is carried out, and the imaging optimization of the fault development attribute body is performed to obtain the final seismic attribute body value that can reflect the development of small-scale fractures and caves under the fault development background, and obtain the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value that characterizes the fault-controlled small-scale fractures and caves.

[0036] According to an exemplary implementation, a qualitative characterization method for fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs utilizes pre-stack depth migration data volumes, relies on formation guide body detection and discontinuity detection to obtain formation discontinuity detection volumes characterizing abnormal fault development, and on this basis, performs primitive attribute processing, performs imaging optimization on the fault development attribute volume, and obtains three-dimensional seismic attribute volume values ​​characterizing fault-controlled small-scale fracture-cavity volumes, with good prediction results.

[0037] As an optional scheme, obtaining a formation guide body based on pre-stack depth migration data includes: performing a three-dimensional scan on the pre-stack depth migration data through a gradient structure tensor algorithm to obtain formation guide information with three directional components of x, y, and z, and then obtaining a formation guide body, wherein x and y represent the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the plane, respectively, and z represents the depth direction.

[0038] Specifically, prestack depth migration data (or prestack time migration data) is the most commonly used basic data for seismic interpretation. It is one of the processing results data for subsequent geological interpretation obtained after the original seismic trace data collected is processed through migration, stacking and other processing processes. Conventional seismic fault detection and reservoir prediction are based on this data. Taking fault detection as an example, the seismic attributes reflecting the continuity of the formation are mainly obtained by calculating the correlation coefficient between adjacent seismic traces. However, in areas where the formation dip angle changes greatly, the traditional coherence algorithm that does not consider the formation dip angle and strike direction is easy to bring the formation information of steep formations with large dip angle changes into the final calculation results, resulting in false fault identification results.

[0039] The formation guide body performs a three-dimensional scan of the prestack depth migration data through the gradient structure tensor algorithm to obtain formation guide information with three directional components of x, y, and z. The x and y components highlight the formation characteristics in two directions on the plane, and the z component highlights the vertical formation characteristics. When calculating the formation guide body, it is necessary to set a given tensor smoothing coefficient. The larger the coefficient, the stronger the smoothing effect and the less noise in the calculation result.

[0040] As an optional solution, the formation guide body is used as a constraint to obtain the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint, including: performing formation discontinuity detection on the pre-stack depth migration data, using the formation guide body as a constraint during detection, considering the formation change information in the three component directions of x, y and z of the formation, and obtaining the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint.

[0041] Specifically, stratigraphic discontinuity detection is an important algorithm for detecting edge anomalies and linear geological bodies on seismic amplitude data bodies. It has good application effects in the identification of special geological bodies such as faults, river channels, and igneous rocks. When calculating stratigraphic discontinuity bodies, you can choose whether to use stratigraphic guide bodies as constraints. If there is no stratigraphic guide body constraint, stratigraphic discontinuity detection only considers the calculation of seismic trace attributes within the specified longitudinal time window. If the stratigraphic guide body constraint is added, the stratigraphic discontinuity detection will simultaneously consider the stratigraphic change information in the three component directions of the stratigraphic x, y, and z, which can improve the discontinuity detection effect under high and steep stratigraphic conditions. Since the components in the three directions can indirectly provide the strike and dip of the stratigraphic formation, the stratigraphic guide body will provide rich stratigraphic occurrence information for the discontinuity detection calculation.

[0042] As an optional solution, the stratum change information is the change of stratum dip caused by stratum deposition and tectonic movement, which results in the seismic reflection interface of the stratum in the seismic data to appear as a stratum reflection structure with different strikes and dips.

[0043] Specifically, this formation reflection structure is the change information of the formation itself, which is different from the formation discontinuity caused by faults.

[0044] As an optional scheme, the distribution of attribute values ​​of the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under statistical constraints is obtained; based on the attribute value distribution, the proportion of attribute values ​​is obtained by a counting test method or a ratio test method; the lower limit threshold and the upper limit threshold of the response of the geological anomaly body in the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under the constraints are combined with the proportion of the attribute values ​​to set the value range of the primitive pixel enhancement; within the value range of the primitive pixel enhancement, the abnormal primitive processing method is used to perform imaging optimization on the geological anomaly body in the discontinuity detection body.

[0045] Specifically, the primitive pixel processing is based on the formation discontinuity detection body, and uses the primitive processing method to optimize the imaging of the abnormal body of the discontinuity detection result. Since the typical characteristics of seismic chaotic reflection are the discontinuity, discontinuity and change of reflection energy of the seismic phase axis, the discontinuity detection result will present a similar "linear" structure, and its overlapping parts are often fractured and broken, where the reservoir is developed. Through edge abnormal primitive processing, the imaging of the chaotic reflection reservoir development area can be optimized to achieve spatial picking of the chaotic phase seismic reflection feature area.

[0046] During the specific primitive pixel processing process, the attribute value distribution of the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under statistical constraints is used to obtain the proportion of the attribute value. If the lower threshold a and upper threshold b of the geological anomaly response in the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under the constraint are equal to the attribute value with a relatively high proportion of the attribute value, then the primitive value domain range of the primitive pixel enhancement processing is specified to be ab.

[0047] As an optional scheme, obtaining a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on a formation discontinuity detection body under constraints after primitive pixel processing includes: comparing the calibration results of the drilling reservoir based on the distribution of attribute values, and analyzing the correspondence between the attribute values ​​of the formation discontinuity detection body under constraints after primitive pixel processing and the seismic chaotic reflection; based on the corresponding relationship, determining the initial value of the attribute of the discontinuity detection body corresponding to the development of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs, and using the initial value of the attribute as the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value.

[0048] Specifically, since the typical characteristics of seismic chaotic reflection are the dislocation, discontinuity and change of reflection energy of seismic phase axis, the discontinuity detection result will present a similar "linear" structure, and its overlapping parts are often fractured and broken, where reservoirs are developed. Therefore, by comparing the calibration results of drilling reservoirs, the corresponding relationship between the attribute values ​​of the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraints of pixel processing of the collection element and the seismic chaotic reflection is determined, and the initial threshold value of the attribute of the discontinuity detection body corresponding to the development of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs is determined, and the initial threshold value of the attribute is described as the three-dimensional seismic attribute value.

[0049] As an optional scheme, determining the degree of fault development based on the 3D seismic attribute value and the prediction threshold includes: when the 3D seismic attribute value is greater than the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development is low; when the 3D seismic attribute value is less than or equal to the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development is high.

[0050] Specifically, based on the pixel processing of the formation discontinuity detection body, a three-dimensional seismic attribute body representing the seismic chaotic reflection is obtained. The value range of this attribute body is high, indicating that the continuity of the formation is good and the degree of fault development is low. On the contrary, when the value of this attribute body is low, it means that the continuity of the formation is poor, the fault is developed there, and the development of small-scale reservoirs induced by the formation fragmentation caused by the development of faults is high. Combined with the calibration results of the well point reservoir, the value range threshold corresponding to the development of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs can be determined. If it is less than the threshold value range, it means that the reservoir development conditions are good, which can be used as the key target of reservoir evaluation and well deployment.

[0051] The present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes: a memory storing executable instructions; and a processor, which runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-mentioned method for qualitatively characterizing the fault-controlled small-scale reservoir.

[0052] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for qualitatively characterizing fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs.

[0053] The present invention also provides a quantitative characterization device for fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs, comprising: a formation guide body acquisition module, which obtains a formation guide body based on pre-stack depth migration data; a formation discontinuity detection body acquisition module, which uses the formation guide body as a constraint to obtain a formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; a graphic element processing module, which performs graphic element pixel enhancement processing on the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value acquisition module, which obtains a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on the processed formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; and a determination module, which determines the degree of fault development based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value and a prediction threshold.

[0054] Specifically, starting from the pre-stack depth migration data, the formation guide body is calculated and the formation discontinuity detection based on the formation guide body is carried out to obtain the formation discontinuity data body reflecting the fault development pattern. On this basis, the pixel enhancement processing of the image element for small-scale reservoirs is carried out, and the imaging optimization of the fault development attribute body is performed to obtain the final seismic attribute body value that can reflect the development of small-scale fractures and caves under the fault development background, and obtain the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value that characterizes the fault-controlled small-scale fractures and caves.

[0055] According to an exemplary implementation, the device for qualitatively characterizing fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs utilizes the pre-stack depth migration data body, relies on formation guide body detection and discontinuity detection to obtain a formation discontinuity detection body characterizing abnormal fault development, and on this basis, performs primitive attribute processing, performs imaging optimization on the fault development attribute body, and obtains a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value characterizing the fault-controlled small-scale fracture-cavity body, with good prediction effect.

[0056] As an optional scheme, obtaining a formation guide body based on pre-stack depth migration data includes: performing a three-dimensional scan on the pre-stack depth migration data through a gradient structure tensor algorithm to obtain formation guide information with three directional components of x, y, and z, and then obtaining a formation guide body, wherein x and y represent the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the plane, respectively, and z represents the depth direction.

[0057] Specifically, prestack depth migration data (or prestack time migration data) is the most commonly used basic data for seismic interpretation. It is one of the processing results data for subsequent geological interpretation obtained after the original seismic trace data collected is processed through migration, stacking and other processing processes. Conventional seismic fault detection and reservoir prediction are based on this data. Taking fault detection as an example, the seismic attributes reflecting the continuity of the formation are mainly obtained by calculating the correlation coefficient between adjacent seismic traces. However, in areas where the formation dip angle changes greatly, the traditional coherence algorithm that does not consider the formation dip angle and strike direction is easy to bring the formation information of steep formations with large dip angle changes into the final calculation results, resulting in false fault identification results.

[0058] The formation guide body performs a three-dimensional scan of the prestack depth migration data through the gradient structure tensor algorithm to obtain formation guide information with three directional components of x, y, and z. The x and y components highlight the formation characteristics in two directions on the plane, and the z component highlights the vertical formation characteristics. When calculating the formation guide body, it is necessary to set a given tensor smoothing coefficient. The larger the coefficient, the stronger the smoothing effect and the less noise in the calculation result.

[0059] As an optional solution, the formation guide body is used as a constraint to obtain the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint, including: performing formation discontinuity detection on the pre-stack depth migration data, using the formation guide body as a constraint during detection, considering the formation change information in the three component directions of x, y and z of the formation, and obtaining the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint.

[0060] Specifically, stratigraphic discontinuity detection is an important algorithm for detecting edge anomalies and linear geological bodies on seismic amplitude data bodies. It has good application effects in the identification of special geological bodies such as faults, river channels, and igneous rocks. When calculating stratigraphic discontinuity bodies, you can choose whether to use stratigraphic guide bodies as constraints. If there is no stratigraphic guide body constraint, stratigraphic discontinuity detection only considers the calculation of seismic trace attributes within the specified longitudinal time window. If the stratigraphic guide body constraint is added, the stratigraphic discontinuity detection will simultaneously consider the stratigraphic change information in the three component directions of the stratigraphic x, y, and z, which can improve the discontinuity detection effect under high and steep stratigraphic conditions. Since the components in the three directions can indirectly provide the strike and dip of the stratigraphic formation, the stratigraphic guide body will provide rich stratigraphic occurrence information for the discontinuity detection calculation.

[0061] As an optional solution, the stratum change information is the change of stratum dip caused by stratum deposition and tectonic movement, which results in the seismic reflection interface of the stratum in the seismic data to appear as a stratum reflection structure with different strikes and dips.

[0062] Specifically, this formation reflection structure is the change information of the formation itself, which is different from the formation discontinuity caused by faults.

[0063] As an optional solution, performing pixel enhancement processing on the constrained stratigraphic discontinuity detection body includes: calculating the distribution of attribute values ​​of the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under statistical constraints; obtaining the proportion of attribute values ​​through a counting test method or a ratio test method based on the distribution of attribute values; setting a value range of pixel enhancement by combining the lower threshold and upper threshold of the response of the geological anomaly in the constrained stratigraphic discontinuity detection body with the proportion of the attribute values; and performing imaging optimization on the geological anomaly in the discontinuity detection body by using an abnormal primitive processing method within the value range of pixel enhancement.

[0064] Specifically, the primitive pixel processing is based on the formation discontinuity detection body, and uses the primitive processing method to optimize the imaging of the abnormal body of the discontinuity detection result. Since the typical characteristics of seismic chaotic reflection are the discontinuity, discontinuity and change of reflection energy of the seismic phase axis, the discontinuity detection result will present a similar "linear" structure, and its overlapping parts are often fractured and broken, where the reservoir is developed. Through edge abnormal primitive processing, the imaging of the chaotic reflection reservoir development area can be optimized to achieve spatial picking of the chaotic phase seismic reflection feature area.

[0065] During the specific primitive pixel processing process, the attribute value distribution of the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under statistical constraints is used to obtain the proportion of the attribute value. If the lower threshold a and upper threshold b of the geological anomaly response in the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under the constraint are equal to the attribute value with a relatively high proportion of the attribute value, then the primitive value domain range of the primitive pixel enhancement processing is specified to be ab.

[0066] As an optional scheme, obtaining a three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on a formation discontinuity detection body under constraints after primitive pixel processing includes: comparing the drilling reservoir calibration results based on the attribute value distribution, analyzing the correspondence between the attribute value of the formation discontinuity detection body under constraints after primitive pixel processing and the seismic chaotic reflection; based on the corresponding relationship, determining the initial value of the attribute of the discontinuity detection body corresponding to the development of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs, and using the initial value of the attribute as the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value.

[0067] Specifically, since the typical characteristics of seismic chaotic reflection are the dislocation, discontinuity and change of reflection energy of seismic phase axis, the discontinuity detection result will present a similar "linear" structure, and its overlapping parts are often fractured and broken, where reservoirs are developed. Therefore, by comparing the calibration results of drilling reservoirs, the corresponding relationship between the attribute values ​​of the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraints of pixel processing of the collection element and the seismic chaotic reflection is determined, and the initial threshold value of the attribute of the discontinuity detection body corresponding to the development of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs is determined, and the initial threshold value of the attribute is described as the three-dimensional seismic attribute value.

[0068] As an optional scheme, determining the degree of fault development based on the 3D seismic attribute value and the prediction threshold includes: when the 3D seismic attribute value is greater than the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development is low; when the 3D seismic attribute value is less than or equal to the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development is high.

[0069] Specifically, based on the pixel processing of the formation discontinuity detection body, a three-dimensional seismic attribute body representing the seismic chaotic reflection is obtained. The value range of this attribute body is high, indicating that the continuity of the formation is good and the degree of fault development is low. On the contrary, when the value of this attribute body is low, it means that the continuity of the formation is poor, the fault is developed there, and the development of small-scale reservoirs induced by the formation fragmentation caused by the development of faults is high. Combined with the calibration results of the well point reservoir, the value range threshold corresponding to the development of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs can be determined. If it is less than the threshold value range, it means that the reservoir development conditions are good, which can be used as the key target of reservoir evaluation and well deployment.

[0070] Embodiment 1

[0071] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for qualitatively characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 The isochronous slices in the target layer of prestack depth migration data of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown. Figure 3 The isochronous slices (x component) in the target layer of the formation-guided volume data of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown. Figure 4 The isochronous slices (y component) in the target layer of the formation-guided volume data of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown. Figure 5 The isochronous slices (z component) in the target layer of the formation-guided volume data of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown. Figure 6 The isochronous slices in the target layer of a formation discontinuity detection attribute of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown. Figure 7 The isochronous slices of the seismic attribute volume representing the chaotic reflection obtained after the primitive enhancement processing of a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown. Figure 8 The figure shows the comparison of prestack depth migration data (a) and discontinuity (b) and disorderly attributes (c) on a typical section for a qualitative characterization method of a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the qualitative characterization method of the fault-controlled small-scale reservoir includes:

[0073] Step 1: Obtain formation guidance based on prestack depth migration data;

[0074] Step 2: Taking the formation guide body as a constraint, obtaining the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint;

[0075] Step 3: Perform pixel enhancement processing on the constrained stratum discontinuity detection volume;

[0076] Step 4: Based on the processed constrained formation discontinuity detection volume, obtain the 3D seismic attribute volume value;

[0077] Step 5: Determine the degree of fault development based on the 3D seismic attribute value and prediction threshold.

[0078] Among them, based on the pre-stack depth migration data, obtaining the formation guide body includes: performing three-dimensional scanning on the pre-stack depth migration data through the gradient structure tensor algorithm, obtaining formation guide information with three directional components of x, y, and z, and then obtaining the formation guide body, wherein x and y represent the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the plane respectively, and z represents the depth direction.

[0079] Among them, taking the formation guide body as a constraint and obtaining the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint includes: performing formation discontinuity detection on pre-stack depth migration data, taking the formation guide body as a constraint during detection, considering the formation change information in the three component directions of x, y and z of the formation, and obtaining the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint.

[0080] The stratum change information refers to the change in stratum occurrence caused by stratum deposition and tectonic movement, which results in the seismic reflection interface of the stratum in the seismic data to appear as a stratum reflection structure with different strikes and inclinations.

[0081] Among them, the pixel enhancement processing of the constrained stratigraphic discontinuity detection body includes: calculating the attribute value distribution of the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under statistical constraints; obtaining the proportion of attribute values ​​through a counting test method or a ratio test method based on the attribute value distribution; combining the lower limit threshold and the upper limit threshold of the geological anomaly body response in the constrained stratigraphic discontinuity detection body with the proportion of attribute values ​​to set the value range of the pixel enhancement of the pixel; within the value range of the pixel enhancement of the pixel, optimizing the imaging of the geological anomaly body in the discontinuity detection body by using the abnormal pixel processing method.

[0082] Among them, obtaining the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraints after the primitive pixel processing includes: comparing the drilling reservoir calibration results based on the attribute value distribution, and analyzing the correspondence between the attribute value of the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraints after the primitive pixel processing and the seismic chaotic reflection; based on the corresponding relationship, determining the initial value of the attribute of the discontinuity detection body corresponding to the development of the fault-controlled small-scale reservoir, and using the initial value of the attribute as the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value.

[0083] Among them, based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute value and the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development includes: when the three-dimensional seismic attribute value is greater than the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development is low; when the three-dimensional seismic attribute value is less than or equal to the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development is high.

[0084] Attached Figure 2 This is an isochronous slice in the target layer of prestack depth migration data. Since the prestack depth migration seismic data volume itself is a dimensionless amplitude attribute, the isochronous slice can only show the positive and negative amplitude values ​​and their strength, and the display of the fault characteristics is not clear.

[0085] Attached Figure 3 It is an isochronous slice (x component) in the target layer of the stratigraphic guidance volume data. From the x component, the fault image is clearer than the prestack depth migration data volume slice (the middle part is distributed in the northeast direction). At the same time, outside the fault, there is a more obvious north-south strip, which is the stratigraphic change information obtained by scanning the stratigraphic x direction.

[0086] Attached Figure 4 It is an isochronous slice (y component) within the target layer of the stratigraphic guidance volume data. The y component shows the fault more clearly than the prestack depth migration data volume slice, but not as clear as the x component. At the same time, the slice shows an east-west strip that is different from the x component, which is the stratigraphic change information obtained by scanning the stratigraphic y direction.

[0087] Attached Figure 5 It is an isochronous slice (z component) in the target layer of the stratigraphic guidance volume data. The z component depicts the fault zone most clearly and suppresses the interference information around the fault.

[0088] Attached Figure 6 It is an isochronous slice in the target layer for formation discontinuity detection. Formation discontinuity detection performs discontinuity detection on prestack depth migration and adds formation guide body constraints. Its scanning results show the faults more clearly and also show the formation continuity changes outside the faults better, which can reflect the different degrees of formation faults and their disturbance information.

[0089] Attached Figure 7It is an isochronous slice of the seismic attribute body representing chaotic reflection obtained after image element enhancement processing. The attribute slice reflects the development morphology of the fault as a whole, and the local energy intensity can characterize the degree of chaos of seismic reflection, which is the dominant development area of ​​small-scale fracture-cavity body under the condition of fault fragmentation.

[0090] Attached Figure 8 Comparison of pre-stack depth migration data (a) with discontinuities (b) and cluttered attributes (c) on a typical profile. Compared with pre-stack depth migration data, discontinuity detection has a clearer display of faults and formation disturbances. The cluttered attribute body weakens the linear changes based on the discontinuity data, enhances the discrete discontinuity information, and its outliers have a clearer indication of small-scale fractures and caves.

[0091] Embodiment 2

[0092] Fig. 9 A device for qualitatively characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0093] like Fig. 9 As shown, the qualitative characterization device of the fault-controlled small-scale reservoir includes:

[0094] A formation guide body acquisition module 102 is used to obtain a formation guide body based on prestack depth migration data;

[0095] A formation discontinuity detection body acquisition module 104 uses the formation guide body as a constraint to acquire a formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint;

[0096] A primitive processing module 106 performs primitive pixel enhancement processing on the stratum discontinuity detection body under the constraint;

[0097] A 3D seismic attribute volume value acquisition module 108 is used to obtain a 3D seismic attribute volume value based on the processed constrained stratum discontinuity detection volume;

[0098] The determination module 110 determines the degree of fault development based on the 3D seismic attribute value and the prediction threshold.

[0099] Among them, based on the pre-stack depth migration data, obtaining the formation guide body includes: performing three-dimensional scanning on the pre-stack depth migration data through the gradient structure tensor algorithm, obtaining formation guide information with three directional components of x, y, and z, and then obtaining the formation guide body, wherein x and y represent the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the plane respectively, and z represents the depth direction.

[0100] Among them, taking the formation guide body as a constraint and obtaining the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint includes: performing formation discontinuity detection on pre-stack depth migration data, taking the formation guide body as a constraint during detection, considering the formation change information in the three component directions of x, y and z of the formation, and obtaining the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint.

[0101] The stratum change information refers to the change in stratum occurrence caused by stratum deposition and tectonic movement, which results in the seismic reflection interface of the stratum in the seismic data to appear as a stratum reflection structure with different strikes and inclinations.

[0102] Among them, the attribute value distribution of the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under statistical constraints; based on the attribute value distribution, the proportion of attribute values ​​is obtained through counting test method or ratio test method; the lower limit threshold and upper limit threshold of the response of the geological anomaly body in the stratigraphic discontinuity detection body under the constraint are combined with the proportion of attribute values ​​to set the value range of primitive pixel enhancement; within the value range of primitive pixel enhancement, the abnormal primitive processing method is used to optimize the imaging of the geological anomaly body in the discontinuity detection body.

[0103] Among them, obtaining the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value based on the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint after the primitive pixel processing includes: comparing the drilling reservoir calibration results based on the attribute value distribution, and analyzing the correspondence between the attribute value of the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint after the primitive pixel processing and the seismic chaotic reflection; based on the corresponding relationship, determining the initial value of the attribute of the discontinuity detection body corresponding to the development of the fault-controlled small-scale reservoir, and using the initial value of the attribute as the three-dimensional seismic attribute body value.

[0104] Among them, based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute value and the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development includes: when the three-dimensional seismic attribute value is greater than the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development is low; when the three-dimensional seismic attribute value is less than or equal to the prediction threshold, determining the degree of fault development is high.

[0105] Embodiment 3

[0106] The present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor running the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-mentioned method for qualitatively characterizing the fault-controlled small-scale reservoir.

[0107] An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor.

[0108] The memory is used to store non-temporary computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory (cache), etc. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0109] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing units having data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is used to run the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0110] Those skilled in the art should be able to understand that in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience, the present embodiment may also include well-known structures such as a communication bus and an interface, and these well-known structures should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0111] For detailed description of this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding descriptions in the aforementioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0112] Embodiment 4

[0113] The present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for qualitatively characterizing fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs.

[0114] According to the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the present disclosure, non-transitory computer-readable instructions are stored thereon. When the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor, all or part of the steps of the above-mentioned methods of each embodiment of the present disclosure are executed.

[0115] The above-mentioned computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MO), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tape or mobile hard disk), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory card) and media with built-in ROM (e.g., ROM box).

[0116] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A qualitative characterization method for fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs, characterized in that: include: Based on the prestack depth migration data, the formation guidance body is obtained; Taking the formation guide body as a constraint, obtaining a formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; Performing primitive pixel enhancement processing on the stratum discontinuity detection body under the constraint; Based on the processed constrained formation discontinuity detection volume, the 3D seismic attribute volume value is obtained; Determining the degree of fault development based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute value and the prediction threshold; The step of performing pixel enhancement processing on the constrained stratum discontinuity detection body includes: Counting the distribution of attribute values ​​of the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraints; Based on the distribution of the attribute values, the proportion of the attribute values ​​is obtained by a counting test method or a ratio test method; The lower threshold and the upper threshold of the geological anomaly body response in the stratum discontinuity detection body under the constraint are combined with the proportion of the attribute value to set the value range of the primitive pixel enhancement; Within the value range of the image element pixel enhancement, an abnormal image element processing method is used to perform imaging optimization on the geological anomaly body in the discontinuity detection body.

2. The method for qualitative characterization of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the formation guide body based on the prestack depth migration data comprises: The prestack depth migration data is three-dimensionally scanned by a gradient structure tensor algorithm to obtain formation guidance information with three directional components of x, y, and z, and then the formation guidance body is obtained, wherein x and y represent the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the plane respectively, and z represents the depth direction.

3. The method for qualitative characterization of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The method of using the formation guide body as a constraint to obtain the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint includes: The prestack depth migration data is subjected to formation discontinuity detection. During the detection, the formation guide body is used as a constraint, formation variation information in three formation component directions of x, y and z is considered, and a formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint is obtained.

4. The method for qualitative characterization of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The stratum change information is the change in stratum occurrence caused by stratum deposition and tectonic movement, which results in the seismic reflection interface of the stratum in the seismic data being presented as a changing stratum reflection structure with different strikes and inclinations.

5. The method for qualitative characterization of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the 3D seismic attribute value based on the constrained formation discontinuity detection volume after the primitive pixel processing includes: Based on the distribution of the attribute values, the corresponding relationship between the attribute values ​​of the formation discontinuity detection body and the seismic clutter reflection under the constraints of the primitive pixel processing is analyzed by comparing the calibration results of the drilling reservoir body; Based on the corresponding relationship, the initial value of the attribute of the discontinuous detection body corresponding to the development of the fault-controlled small-scale reservoir is determined, and the initial value of the attribute is used as the value of the three-dimensional seismic attribute body.

6. The method for qualitative characterization of fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the degree of fault development based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute value and the prediction threshold comprises: When the three-dimensional seismic attribute value is greater than the prediction threshold, it is determined that the degree of fault development is low; When the three-dimensional seismic attribute value is less than or equal to the prediction threshold, it is determined that the degree of fault development is high.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: A memory storing executable instructions; A processor, wherein the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the method for qualitatively characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for qualitatively characterizing a fault-controlled small-scale reservoir according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

9. A device for qualitatively characterizing fault-controlled small-scale reservoirs, characterized in that: include: A formation guide body acquisition module is used to obtain a formation guide body based on prestack depth migration data; A formation discontinuity detection body acquisition module, which uses the formation guide body as a constraint to acquire the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraint; The primitive processing module performs primitive pixel enhancement processing on the stratum discontinuity detection body under the constraint, including: Counting the distribution of attribute values ​​of the formation discontinuity detection body under the constraints; Based on the distribution of the attribute values, the proportion of the attribute values ​​is obtained by a counting test method or a ratio test method; The lower threshold and the upper threshold of the geological anomaly body response in the stratum discontinuity detection body under the constraint are combined with the proportion of the attribute value to set the value range of the primitive pixel enhancement; Within the value range of the pixel enhancement of the image primitive, an abnormal image primitive processing method is used to optimize the imaging of the geological anomaly body in the discontinuity detection body; A 3D seismic attribute volume value acquisition module obtains 3D seismic attribute volume values ​​based on the processed constrained stratigraphic discontinuity detection volume; A determination module determines the degree of fault development based on the three-dimensional seismic attribute value and the prediction threshold.

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