A vacuum heating furnace and automatic vacuum melting and pressing system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vacuum heating furnace and an automatic vacuum melting and pressing system, the vacuum heating furnace comprising: a furnace body, with an opening on the top for taking and placing workpieces; a furnace cover, the opening of which can be opened or closed; a pressure rod, one end of which is located above the furnace cover, and the other end of which passes through the furnace cover and can extend into the furnace body, the pressure rod being slidably limited on the furnace cover; when the furnace cover is in a closed state, the pressure rod can press the workpiece downward under the action of external pressure; during the process of opening the furnace cover, the pressure rod can move together with the furnace cover. The vacuum heating furnace of the present invention can realize the simultaneous grasping of the pressure rod and the furnace cover by sliding the pressure rod on the furnace cover, realizing the rapid opening and closing of the vacuum heating furnace, reducing the number of operating steps when opening and closing the cover and taking and placing workpieces, and being convenient and quick; when the furnace cover is in a closed state, the pressure rod can move a preset stroke under the action of external pressure to melt and press the workpiece placed inside the furnace body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vacuum heating furnaces, and in particular to a vacuum heating furnace and an automatic vacuum melting and pressing system. Background Art

[0002] Conventional vacuum heating furnaces are widely used for hot pressing and sintering of cemented carbide, ceramics, powder metallurgy, and fiberglass under high-temperature, high-vacuum conditions. They can also be used for hot pressing and sintering under charging protection. The vacuum heating furnace operates as follows: A workpiece placed in a mold is placed in the vacuum heating furnace. The furnace heats the workpiece to a preset temperature under vacuum and then maintains the temperature. A pressurizer then applies pressure to the furnace's pressure rod, forcing it downward to a preset stroke, allowing vacuum fusion of the workpiece beneath it.

[0003] Conventional top-opening vacuum heating furnaces have the functions of heat preservation, sealing, and pressure displacement of the pressure rod. Since the furnace cover and pressure rod of the existing vacuum heating furnace are generally separated, when taking and placing workpieces, it is necessary to first open the furnace cover and then remove the pressure rod from the furnace body before taking and placing the workpiece into the furnace body; similarly, when closing the furnace cover, it is necessary to first put the pressure rod into the furnace body and then close the furnace cover.

[0004] During the above-mentioned process of opening and closing the cover, the pressure rod needs to be taken and placed separately, making the entire operation process more complicated and the work production efficiency low. In addition, when the specifications of the vacuum furnace increase, a robot is often required to open and close the cover and take and place the workpiece. Since the furnace cover and workpieces have different shapes, the robot usually needs to replace the fixture to grab them one by one. This not only leads to a complex structure of the robot, but also cannot complete fast operation, and the level of automation is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect in the prior art that the pressure rod needs to be taken and placed separately by a robot during the opening and closing process of the vacuum heating furnace cover, which makes the opening and closing of the cover and the taking and placing of the workpiece complicated, cannot be operated quickly, and has low work efficiency.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vacuum heating furnace, comprising:

[0007] The furnace body has an opening on the top for taking workpieces in and out;

[0008] a furnace cover, capable of opening or closing the opening;

[0009] A pressure rod, one end of which is located above the furnace cover, and the other end of which passes through the furnace cover and can extend into the furnace body, and the pressure rod is slidably limited on the furnace cover;

[0010] When the furnace cover is in a closed state, the pressing rod can press the workpiece downward under the action of external pressure; when the furnace cover is in an opening state, the pressing rod can move together with the furnace cover.

[0011] Optionally, the furnace cover and the furnace body are separately provided, and the pressure rod includes a rod body and a limiting structure fixedly provided on the outer peripheral wall of the rod body;

[0012] The furnace cover is provided with a guide channel for the pressure rod to slide up and down, and the guide channel is provided with a stop structure suitable for cooperating with the limiting structure in the vertical limit direction. When the furnace cover is opened, the stop structure is abutted under the limiting structure to drive the pressure rod to move with the furnace cover.

[0013] Optionally, the limiting structure is an annular limiting block fixedly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the rod body;

[0014] The stop structure is an annular stop block fixedly arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the guide channel, and the annular stop block is located at the lower end opening of the guide channel.

[0015] Optionally, a mounting opening for mounting the pressure rod is provided at the center of the furnace cover, a mounting sleeve is fixedly provided in the mounting opening, the guide channel is formed inside the mounting sleeve, and the mounting sleeve passes through the furnace cover from top to bottom;

[0016] The pressure rod also includes a pressing portion fixedly arranged at the lower end of the rod body and suitable for contacting the workpiece, the rod body is a stepped rod, including a first section of the rod body and a second section of the rod body with an increased outer diameter, wherein the second section of the rod body is connected between the first section of the rod body and the pressing portion;

[0017] The mounting sleeve correspondingly includes a first cylindrical section and a second cylindrical section with an increased outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first section of the rod body is smaller than the inner diameter of the first cylindrical section, the outer diameter of the second section of the rod body is larger than the inner diameter of the first cylindrical section and smaller than the inner diameter of the second cylindrical section, and the limiting structure is arranged on the second section of the rod body.

[0018] Optionally, a first sealing structure is provided between the furnace cover and the pressure rod, and the first sealing structure includes:

[0019] A sealing sleeve is telescopically sleeved on the upper end of the pressure rod, one end of the sealing sleeve is sealingly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the pressure rod, and the other end is sealingly connected to the circumference of the guide channel to seal the fitting gap between the pressure rod and the guide channel.

[0020] Optionally, the furnace cover further includes:

[0021] a furnace cover handle, fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the furnace cover, suitable for opening or closing the furnace cover by the furnace cover handle; and / or,

[0022] The heat insulation structure is fixed on the bottom wall of the furnace cover. The heat insulation structure is suitable for blocking the furnace body opening and the furnace body cavity when the furnace cover is in a closed state to play a role in heat preservation and insulation.

[0023] Optionally, the vacuum heating furnace further comprises:

[0024] The furnace cover bracket is fixedly arranged at a set position outside the furnace body and is suitable for placing the furnace cover when the furnace cover is in an open state.

[0025] Optionally, the vacuum heating furnace further comprises:

[0026] The second sealing structure includes a flexible sealing ring arranged between the furnace body and the furnace cover. When the furnace cover is in a closed state, the flexible sealing ring can be pressed under the action of its own gravity to achieve self-sealing between the furnace body and the furnace cover.

[0027] Optionally, the vacuum heating furnace further comprises:

[0028] A circulating water cooling device is connected to both the furnace cover and the furnace body and is suitable for taking away the heat of the vacuum heating furnace.

[0029] Optionally, cooling channels for cooling water circulation are respectively provided on the furnace cover and the furnace body, and the water inlets of the cooling channels of the furnace cover and the furnace body are respectively connected to the water outlets of the circulating water cooling device, and the water outlets are respectively connected to the water inlets of the circulating water cooling device.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention limits the sliding position of the pressure rod on the furnace cover. During the process of opening or closing the furnace cover, the pressure rod can move with the furnace cover, and the pressure rod and the furnace cover can be grasped together, thereby realizing rapid opening and closing of the vacuum heating furnace, avoiding the need to grasp the furnace cover and the pressure rod separately in sequence, thereby reducing the number of operating steps when opening and closing the cover and taking and placing workpieces, and being convenient and quick; when the furnace cover is in a closed state, the pressure rod can move a preset stroke under the action of external pressure to melt and press the workpiece placed inside the furnace body.

[0032] 2. The vacuum heating furnace of the present invention can realize the following opening and closing process: when opening the lid, first grasp and lift the furnace lid upward. During the process of lifting the furnace lid, since the pressure rod has not yet been subjected to the force from the furnace lid, the pressure rod slides relative to the furnace lid in the guide channel. When the furnace lid continues to rise to a certain position, the stop structure can be driven by the furnace lid to rise and abut under the limit structure on the rod body. After that, the stop structure can drive the pressure rod to move with the furnace lid to realize a quick opening operation. When closing the lid, first grasp the furnace lid and lower it vertically from just above the furnace body opening. During the process of lowering the furnace lid, the pressure rod stops moving after the bottom end abuts against the workpiece in the furnace body. During the process of continuing to lower the furnace lid, the furnace lid slides downward relative to the pressure rod until the furnace lid is closed on the furnace body to close the opening. The closing operation is convenient and quick.

[0033] 3. The present invention can limit the pressure rod movably in the mounting sleeve on the furnace cover. By setting the pressure rod as a stepped rod and setting the mounting sleeve to have inner diameters of different sizes, while ensuring that the limiting structure slides relative to the mounting sleeve together with the pressure rod, the pressure rod can be prevented from falling out of the upper end of the mounting sleeve, thereby ensuring the reliability of the mounting sleeve in limiting the pressure rod.

[0034] 4. The present invention can achieve self-sealing between the furnace body and the furnace cover by setting a second sealing structure. The vacuum heating furnace can maintain the vacuum environment inside the furnace body after vacuuming without the need to add additional bolts for locking and sealing or increase external force to press the furnace cover, which can save the step of tightening the bolts, thereby facilitating manual or automatic operation.

[0035] 5. In the present invention, cooling channels for cooling water circulation are respectively provided on the furnace cover and the furnace body, and a circulating water cooling device connected to the cooling channels is provided to take away the local heat around the second sealing structure, thereby preventing the second sealing structure from being deformed or damaged due to high temperature and losing the sealing effect.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic vacuum melting and pressing system, the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system comprising the above-mentioned vacuum heating furnace, and further comprising:

[0037] The pressurizing device cooperates with the press rod and is suitable for applying pressure to the press rod to perform a pressurizing operation on the workpiece to be melted and pressed in the vacuum heating furnace.

[0038] Optionally, the pressurizing device includes a guide base and a pressurizing machine, and the vacuum heating furnace and the pressurizing machine are both arranged on the guide base;

[0039] There are multiple vacuum heating furnaces, which are arranged at intervals along the guide path on the guide base. The press can move along the guide path of the guide base to approach the vacuum heating furnace at a set position and apply pressure to the pressure rod on the vacuum heating furnace.

[0040] Optionally, the press comprises a frame and a pressing head, wherein the frame is slidably arranged on the guide base, and the pressing head is arranged on the frame and is suitable for applying pressure to the pressing rod;

[0041] Along the length direction of the guide base, guide rail grooves are respectively provided on the two opposite side walls of the guide base. The bottom of the frame is provided with a sliding foot bracket that cooperates with the sliding limit of the guide rail groove. It is suitable for the sliding foot bracket to apply a reaction force to the top wall of the slide rail groove when the pressure head presses the pressure rod.

[0042] Optionally, the pressurizing device further includes a gap adjustment mechanism, and the gap adjustment mechanism includes:

[0043] an adjustment block, the adjustment block being insertable between the top wall of the sliding bracket and the top wall of the guide rail slot, or being pullable from between the sliding bracket and the guide rail slot;

[0044] When the press stays at a set position, the adjustment block is inserted between the sliding foot frame and the guide rail groove to eliminate the matching gap between the two; when the press moves, the adjustment block is pulled out.

[0045] Optionally, the gap adjustment mechanism includes:

[0046] A driving component is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the frame near the sliding footrest;

[0047] A telescopic rod, one end of which is connected to the driving component and the other end of which is connected to the adjustment block. The telescopic rod can be extended and retracted along the plugging and unplugging direction of the adjustment block under the drive of the driving component to control the adjustment block to extend into or out of the slide rail groove.

[0048] Optionally, the adjustment block is a wedge-shaped block, and the top wall of the guide rail groove and the upper matching surface of the adjustment block are both inclined surfaces that are gradually tilted downward along the insertion direction of the adjustment block.

[0049] Optionally, the guide base includes a base body having an I-shaped longitudinal cross-section, the grooves on the left and right sides of the I-shaped base body are the guide rail grooves, and the width of the top wall of the base body is smaller than the bottom wall, and a guide rail is further provided on the upper surface of the bottom wall of the guide base along the length direction of the guide base;

[0050] The pressurizing device further includes a traveling mechanism mounted on the frame, adapted to drive the frame to move along the guide rail, the traveling mechanism including:

[0051] Wheels are arranged at the bottom of the frame, the wheels are limitedly engaged on the guide rails, and can roll along the guide rails;

[0052] The power component is connected to the wheel and is suitable for providing power for the rotation of the wheel.

[0053] Optionally, the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system further comprises:

[0054] The transfer robot is used to transfer the workpiece to be melted and pressed into a set vacuum heating furnace and / or open or close the furnace cover and / or transfer the melted and pressed workpiece to a set unloading position.

[0055] Optionally, the transfer robot includes:

[0056] Mobile platforms;

[0057] A manipulator is arranged on the mobile platform, and the manipulator includes a gripper and a driving member for controlling the gripper to pick up or release the workpiece and / or furnace cover.

[0058] Optionally, the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system further comprises:

[0059] The mold closing platform can be used to place the mold containing the workpiece to be melted and pressed;

[0060] The demoulding platform is suitable for placing the mold with the molten workpiece, so that the operator can demould and separate the molten workpiece from the mold;

[0061] The raw material mold transfer vehicle is suitable for transporting workpieces between the mold clamping platform and the transfer robot;

[0062] Finished mold transfer vehicle, suitable for transporting workpieces between the demoulding platform and the transfer robot;

[0063] The truss robot is used to transfer the mold with the workpiece to be melted and pressed on the clamping platform to the raw material mold transfer vehicle, and / or to transfer the mold with the workpiece already melted and pressed on the finished product mold transfer vehicle to the demolding platform, and / or to transfer the mold that has been demolded and separated on the demolding platform to the clamping platform.

[0064] Beneficial effects:

[0065] 1. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system provided by the present invention includes the aforementioned vacuum heating furnace, wherein the technical advantages and effects achieved by the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system also include the technical advantages and effects achieved by the aforementioned vacuum heating furnace, which will not be repeated here; in addition, the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system also includes a pressurizing device, which can apply pressure to the pressure rod to perform a pressurizing operation on the workpiece to be melted and pressed in the vacuum heating furnace.

[0066] 2. The present invention can improve production efficiency by setting up multiple vacuum heating furnaces; at the same time, one pressurizing device corresponds to multiple vacuum heating furnaces. When the pressurizing device performs pressurization operation on one of the vacuum heating furnaces, the other vacuum heating furnaces are in a heat preservation state, which can improve the utilization rate of the pressurizing device and avoid the pressurizing device being idle when the vacuum heating furnace is in a heat preservation state.

[0067] 3. In the present invention, the sliding footrest at the bottom of the frame cooperates with the sliding limit of the guide rail groove. When the pressure head applies pressure to the pressure rod, the sliding footrest can apply an upward reaction force away from the ground to the top wall of the slide rail groove. The pressure of the pressure head on the pressure rod is actually converted into an internal force between the sliding footrest and the guide base inside the pressure device, and will not generate additional pressure on the civil foundation under the guide base. Therefore, the pressure device in this embodiment has lower requirements for the civil foundation, which can reduce the cost of investing in civil foundation construction.

[0068] 4. In the present invention, an adjustment block is provided, and when the press stays at a set position, the adjustment block is inserted between the sliding foot frame and the guide rail groove, thereby eliminating the fitting gap between the two and preventing the frame of the press device from vibrating during pressurization, thereby improving the stability of the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system during pressurization; when the press is moving, the adjustment block is pulled out of the slide rail groove to avoid affecting or interfering with the normal movement of the press.

[0069] 5. In the embodiment of the present invention, a mechanized mold handling closed loop can be formed by setting a truss manipulator, which can realize the automation and mechanization of the mold closed loop circulation, and save the labor cost when transferring the mold between the demolding platform and the clamping platform, when transferring the mold between the clamping platform and the raw material mold transfer vehicle, and when transferring the mold between the finished product mold transfer vehicle and the demolding platform. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0071] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the vacuum heating furnace in Example 1;

[0072] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate pressure rod;

[0073] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system in Example 2;

[0074] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the AA cross-section structure;

[0075] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the BB cross-section structure;

[0076] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure when the middle pressure device applies pressure to the pressure rod;

[0077] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the robot grabbing the furnace cover from the furnace body and transferring it to the furnace cover support;

[0078] Description of reference numerals:

[0079] 1. Vacuum heating furnace; 11. Furnace body; 111. Second cooling interface; 12. Furnace cover; 121. Furnace cover handle; 122. Insulation structure; 123. First cooling interface; 13. Press rod; 131. Rod body; 1311. First rod section; 1312. Second rod section; 132. Position limiting structure; 133. Pressing portion; 14. Stop structure; 15. Mounting sleeve; 16. First sealing structure; 161. Sealing sleeve; 171. Second sealing structure; 172. Furnace cover bracket; 18. Circulating water cooling device; 181. Water tank; 182. Water outlet pipe; 183. Return pipe; 184. Water pump; 191. Air compressor; 192. Vacuum pumping pipe; 193. Valve

[0080] 2. Pressurizing device; 21. Guide base; 211. Guide rail groove; 212. Base body; 213. Guide rail; 22. Pressing machine; 221. Frame; 2211. Sliding footrest; 222. Press head; 23. Gap adjustment mechanism; 231. Adjustment block; 232. Telescopic rod; 24. Traveling mechanism; 241. Wheels; 242. Power components; 25. Pressurizing drive mechanism; 26. Pressurizing control box;

[0081] 3. Transfer robot; 31. Mobile platform; 311. Manipulator;

[0082] 4. Ground rail;

[0083] 51. Mold clamping platform; 52. Mold stripping platform; 53. Raw material mold transfer vehicle; 54. Finished product mold transfer vehicle; 55. Truss manipulator; 551. Support frame; 552. Guide rail; 553. X-axis translation mechanism; 554. Y-axis translation mechanism; 555. Z-axis lifting mechanism; 556. Gripper;

[0084] 61. A mold containing a workpiece to be melted and pressed; 62. A mold containing a workpiece that has been melted and pressed;

[0085] 7. Central controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0086] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0087] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0088] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0089] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vacuum heating furnace, which includes a furnace body 11, a furnace cover 12 and a pressure rod 13; specifically, an opening is provided on the top of the furnace body 11 for taking and placing workpieces; the furnace cover 12 is arranged on the furnace body 11 and the opening can be opened or closed; one end of the pressure rod 13 is located above the furnace cover 12, and the other end passes through the furnace cover 12 and can extend into the furnace body 11, and the pressure rod 13 is slidably limited on the furnace cover 12; when the furnace cover 12 is in a closed state, the pressure rod 13 can press the workpiece downward under the action of external pressure; when the furnace cover 12 is opened, the pressure rod 13 can move together with the furnace cover 12.

[0092] In this arrangement, by sliding the pressure rod 13 to limit the position on the furnace cover 12, the pressure rod 13 can move with the furnace cover 12 during the process of opening or closing the furnace cover 12, so that the pressure rod 13 and the furnace cover 12 can be grabbed together, and the vacuum heating furnace 1 can be quickly opened and closed, which can avoid the need to grab the furnace cover 12 and the pressure rod 13 separately in sequence, thereby reducing the number of operating steps when opening and closing the cover and taking and placing workpieces, which is convenient and quick; when the furnace cover 12 is in the closed state, the pressure rod 13 can move a preset stroke under the action of external pressure to melt and press the workpiece placed inside the furnace body 11.

[0093] The workpiece to be melted and pressed can be placed in the furnace chamber of the furnace body 11. After the furnace cover 12 is closed, it is heated to the temperature required for melt pressing. After being sealed with the furnace cover 12, the air in the furnace body 11 is extracted to provide a vacuum environment required for melt pressing.

[0094] Optionally, the furnace cover 12 is separately arranged between the furnace body 11, and the pressure rod 13 includes a rod body 131 and a limiting structure 132 fixedly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the rod body 131; the furnace cover 12 is provided with a guide channel for the pressure rod 13 to slide up and down, and a stop structure 14 suitable for cooperating with the limiting structure 132 in the vertical direction is provided in the guide channel. When the furnace cover 12 is opened, the stop structure 14 is abutted under the limiting structure 132 to drive the pressure rod 13 to move together with the furnace cover 12.

[0095] Optionally, the process of opening and closing the cover of the vacuum heating furnace 1 in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0096] When opening the cover, first grab and lift the furnace cover 12 upward. During the lifting process of the furnace cover 12, since the pressure rod 13 has not initially been subjected to the force from the furnace cover 12, the pressure rod 13 slides relative to the furnace cover 12 in the guide channel. When the furnace cover 12 continues to rise to a certain position, the stop structure 14 can rise under the drive of the furnace cover 12 and abut against the bottom of the limiting structure 132 on the rod body 131. After that, the stop structure 14 can drive the pressure rod 13 to move with the furnace cover 12 to achieve a quick cover opening operation.

[0097] When closing the cover, first grab the furnace cover 12 and lower it vertically from just above the opening of the furnace body 11. During the lowering process of the furnace cover 12, the pressure rod 13 stops moving after the bottom end abuts against the workpiece in the furnace body 11. As the furnace cover 12 continues to be lowered, the furnace cover 12 slides downward relative to the pressure rod 13 until the furnace cover 12 covers the furnace body 11 to close the opening. The closing operation is convenient and quick.

[0098] Of course, the furnace cover 12 and the furnace body 11 can be set separately, or the furnace cover 12 can be hinged to the furnace body 11, or the furnace cover 12 can be slidably limited on the furnace body 11. As long as the furnace cover 12 can be set on the furnace body 11 and can open or close the opening of the furnace body 11, technicians in this field can set it according to actual needs. This embodiment does not limit the specific connection method of the furnace cover 12 and the furnace body 11.

[0099] Optionally, the limiting structure 132 is an annular limiting block fixedly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the rod body 131; the stopping structure 14 is an annular stopping block fixedly arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the guide channel, and the annular stopping block is located at the lower end opening of the guide channel.

[0100] Optionally, a mounting opening for installing a pressure rod 13 is provided in the center of the furnace cover 12, and a mounting sleeve 15 is fixedly provided in the mounting opening, and a guide channel is formed inside the mounting sleeve 15, and the mounting sleeve 15 passes through the furnace cover 12 up and down; the pressure rod 13 also includes a pressing portion 133 fixedly provided at the lower end of the rod body 131 and suitable for contacting the workpiece, the rod body 131 is a stepped rod, including a first section rod body 1311 and a second section rod body 1312 with an increased outer diameter, wherein the second section rod body 1312 is connected between the first section rod body 1311 and the pressing portion 133; the mounting sleeve 15 correspondingly includes a first barrel section and a second barrel section with an increased outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first section rod body 1311 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first barrel section, the outer diameter of the second section rod body 1312 is larger than the inner diameter of the first barrel section and smaller than the inner diameter of the second barrel section, and the limiting structure 132 is provided on the second section rod body 1312.

[0101] In this way, the pressure rod 13 can be movably limited in the mounting sleeve 15 on the furnace cover 12. By setting the pressure rod 13 as a stepped rod and setting the mounting sleeve 15 to have inner diameters of different sizes, while ensuring that the limiting structure 132 slides relative to the mounting sleeve 15 together with the pressure rod 13, the pressure rod 13 can be prevented from falling out from the upper end of the mounting sleeve 15, thereby ensuring the reliability of the mounting sleeve 15 in limiting the pressure rod 13.

[0102] Optionally, the length of the mounting sleeve 15 is greater than the downward movement stroke of the pressing rod 13 during the melting and pressing process.

[0103] Optionally, a first sealing structure 16 is provided between the furnace cover 12 and the pressure rod 13. The first sealing structure 16 includes a sealing sleeve 161 that is telescopically mounted on the upper end of the pressure rod 13. One end of the sealing sleeve 161 is sealingly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the pressure rod 13, and the other end is sealingly connected to the circumference of the guide channel to achieve a sealing gap between the pressure rod 13 and the guide channel. The provision of the first sealing structure 16 enables a sealed connection between the pressure rod 13 and the furnace cover 12, maintaining the internal vacuum environment of the vacuum heating furnace 1 during melting and pressing.

[0104] Optionally, the central portion of the sealing sleeve 161 is a bellows-shaped metal elastic member that compresses longitudinally under pressure and, upon release of pressure, stretches back to its original length under its own elastic force. Of course, the sealing sleeve 161 is not limited to metal materials. Optionally, the sealing sleeve 161 is connected to the mounting sleeve 15 via a flange to provide a circumferential seal around the guide channel.

[0105] Optionally, the furnace cover 12 further includes a furnace cover handle 121 , which is fixed on the outer wall of the furnace cover 12 and is suitable for opening or closing the furnace cover 12 through the furnace cover handle 121 .

[0106] Optionally, the furnace cover 12 further includes a heat-insulating structure 122 fixed to the bottom wall of the furnace cover 12. The heat-insulating structure 122 is adapted to block the opening of the furnace body 11 from the inner cavity of the furnace body 11 when the furnace cover 12 is closed, thereby providing heat insulation. Optionally, the heat-insulating structure 122 includes an insulation layer and an insulation shell wrapped around the insulation layer. The insulation shell is adapted to secure the insulation layer to the inner wall of the furnace cover 12.

[0107] Optionally, the vacuum heating furnace 1 further includes a furnace cover bracket 172 , which is fixedly arranged at a set position outside the furnace body 11 and is suitable for placing the furnace cover 12 when the furnace cover 12 is in an open state.

[0108] Optionally, the vacuum heating furnace 1 further includes a second sealing structure 171, which includes a flexible sealing ring disposed between the furnace body 11 and the furnace cover 12. When the furnace cover 12 is in the closed state, the flexible sealing ring can be compressed by its own weight to achieve self-sealing between the furnace body 11 and the furnace cover 12. By providing the second sealing structure 171, self-sealing between the furnace body 11 and the furnace cover 12 can be achieved. After evacuation, the vacuum heating furnace 1 can maintain the vacuum environment inside the furnace body 11 without the need for additional bolts for locking and sealing or adding external force to compress the furnace cover 12. This can save the step of tightening the bolts, thereby facilitating manual or automated operation. Optionally, the second sealing structure 171 is disposed in a groove on a flange near the opening of the furnace body 11 and can be compressed by the furnace cover 12.

[0109] Optionally, the vacuum heating furnace 1 further includes a circulating water cooling device 18, which is connected to both the furnace cover 12 and the furnace body 11 and is suitable for removing heat from the vacuum heating furnace 1. Optionally, cooling channels for cooling water circulation are respectively provided on the furnace cover 12 and the furnace body 11, and the water inlets of the cooling channels of the furnace cover 12 and the furnace body 11 are respectively connected to the water outlets of the circulating water cooling device 18, and the water outlets are respectively connected to the water inlets of the circulating water cooling device 18. By providing cooling channels for cooling water circulation on the furnace cover 12 and the furnace body 11, and providing a circulating water cooling device 18 connected to the cooling channels, it is possible to remove local heat around the second sealing structure 171, thereby preventing the second sealing structure 171 from being deformed or damaged due to high temperature and losing its sealing effect.

[0110] Optionally, the circulating water device includes a water pool 181, an outlet pipe 182, a return pipe 183 and a water pump 184; the water inlet of the water pump 184 is connected to the water outlet of the water pool 181, the water outlet of the water pump 184 is connected to the water inlet of the outlet pipe 182, the water outlet of the outlet pipe 182 is connected to the water inlet of the circulation channel, and the water outlet of the circulation channel is connected to the water inlet of the water pool 181 through the return pipe 183.

[0111] Optionally, a first cooling interface 123 is provided on the furnace cover 12, comprising a first cooling liquid inlet and a first cooling liquid outlet which are interconnected, wherein the first cooling liquid inlet is connected to the outlet of the outlet pipe 182, and the first cooling liquid outlet is connected to the water inlet of the return pipe 183, suitable for cooling water to flow in from the first cooling liquid inlet on the furnace cover, flow through the cooling channel and then flow out from the first cooling liquid inlet.

[0112] Optionally, a second cooling interface 111 is provided on the furnace body 11, comprising a second cooling liquid inlet and a second cooling liquid outlet that are interconnected, wherein the second cooling liquid inlet is connected to the outlet of the outlet pipe 182, and the second cooling liquid outlet is connected to the water inlet of the return pipe 183, suitable for cooling water to flow in from the second cooling liquid inlet on the furnace cover, flow through the cooling channel and then flow out from the second cooling liquid inlet.

[0113] Optionally, a water pipe valve is provided on the water outlet pipe 182 or the return pipe 183 .

[0114] Optionally, the vacuum heating furnace 1 further includes a vacuum pumping device connected to the vacuum heating furnace 1 and adapted to provide the vacuum environment required for melting and pressing in the vacuum heating furnace 1. Optionally, the vacuum pumping device includes an air compressor 191 and a vacuum pumping line 192 connected between the air compressor 191 and the furnace body 11; the vacuum pumping line 192 is provided with a valve 193.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic vacuum melting and pressing system, which includes the above-mentioned vacuum heating furnace 1 and also includes a pressurizing device 2. The pressurizing device 2 cooperates with the pressure rod 13 and is suitable for applying pressure to the pressure rod 13 to perform a pressurizing operation on the workpiece to be melted and pressed in the vacuum heating furnace 1.

[0117] Optionally, the pressurizing device 2 includes a guide base 21 and a press 22, and the vacuum heating furnace 1 and the press 22 are both arranged on the guide base 21; wherein, there are multiple vacuum heating furnaces 1, and the multiple vacuum heating furnaces 1 are arranged at intervals along the guide path on the guide base 21, and the press 22 can move along the guide path of the guide base 21 to approach the vacuum heating furnace 1 at a set position and apply pressure to the pressure rod 13 on the vacuum heating furnace 1.

[0118] With such an arrangement, production efficiency can be improved by setting up multiple vacuum heating furnaces 1; at the same time, one pressurizing device 2 corresponds to multiple vacuum heating furnaces 1. When the pressurizing device 2 performs a pressurizing operation on one of the vacuum heating furnaces 1, the other vacuum heating furnaces 1 are in a heat-insulating state, which can improve the utilization rate of the pressurizing device 2 and avoid the pressurizing device 2 being idle when the vacuum heating furnace 1 is in a heat-insulating state.

[0119] Optionally, the press 22 includes a frame 221 and a pressure head 222. The frame 221 can be slidably set on the guide base 21, and the pressure head 222 is set on the frame 221, suitable for applying pressure to the pressure rod 13; along the length direction of the guide base 21, guide rail grooves 211 are respectively provided on the two opposite side walls of the guide base 21, and a sliding foot frame 2211 is provided at the bottom of the frame 221 for slidingly limiting with the guide rail groove 211, which is suitable for applying a reaction force to the top wall of the slide rail groove when the pressure head 222 pressurizes the pressure rod 13.

[0120] With such arrangement, the sliding footrest 2211 at the bottom of the frame 221 cooperates with the sliding limit of the guide rail groove 211. When the pressure head 222 applies pressure to the pressure rod 13, the sliding footrest 2211 can apply an upward reaction force away from the ground to the top wall of the slide rail groove. The pressure of the pressure head 222 on the pressure rod 13 is actually converted into an internal force between the sliding footrest 2211 inside the pressure device 2 and the guide base 21, without generating additional pressure on the civil foundation under the guide base 21. Therefore, the pressure device 2 in this embodiment has lower requirements on the civil foundation, which can reduce the cost of investing in civil foundation construction.

[0121] Optionally, the sliding bracket 2211 is fixed to the bottom of the frame 221 to form an “L”-shaped structure. When pressurized, the sliding bracket 2211 presses against the top wall of the guide rail groove 211 on the guide base 21 .

[0122] Optionally, the pressurizing device 2 further includes a gap adjustment mechanism 23, which includes an adjustment block 231. The adjustment block 231 can be slidably inserted between the top wall of the sliding foot frame 2211 and the top wall of the guide rail groove 211, or can be slidably pulled out from between the sliding foot frame 2211 and the guide rail groove 211; when the pressurizing machine 22 stays at a set position, the adjustment block 231 is inserted between the sliding foot frame 2211 and the guide rail groove 211 to eliminate the matching gap between the two; when the pressurizing machine 22 is moving, the adjustment block 231 is pulled out. In this arrangement, inserting the adjustment block 231 between the sliding foot frame 2211 and the guide rail groove 211 can eliminate the matching gap between the two, thereby preventing the frame 221 of the pressurizing device 2 from vibrating during pressurization, thereby improving the stability of the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system during pressurization; when the pressurizing machine 22 is moving, the adjustment block 231 is pulled out from the slide rail groove to avoid affecting or interfering with the normal movement of the pressurizing machine 22.

[0123] Optionally, the gap adjustment mechanism 23 includes a drive component and a telescopic rod 232. Specifically, the drive component is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the frame 221 near the sliding footrest 2211. One end of the telescopic rod 232 is connected to the drive component, and the other end is connected to the adjustment block 231. Driven by the drive component, the telescopic rod 232 can be extended and retracted along the insertion and removal direction of the adjustment block 231 to control the insertion and removal of the adjustment block 231 into or out of the slide rail groove. Optionally, the drive component is a drive cylinder, and the telescopic rod 232 is connected to the drive cylinder and can achieve telescopic movement under the drive cylinder.

[0124] Optionally, the adjustment block 231 is a wedge-shaped block, and the top wall of the guide rail groove 211 and the upper mating surface of the adjustment block 231 are both inclined surfaces that are gradually tilted downward along the insertion direction of the adjustment block 231, which can facilitate the insertion or removal of the adjustment block 231 into or out of the slide groove.

[0125] Optionally, the guide base 21 includes a base body 212 with an I-shaped longitudinal cross-section, the grooves on the left and right sides of the I-shaped base body 212 are guide rail grooves 211, and the width of the top wall of the base body 212 is smaller than the bottom wall, and a guide rail 213 is also provided on the upper surface of the bottom wall of the guide base 21 along the length direction of the guide base 21; the pressurizing device 2 also includes a walking mechanism 24 installed on the frame 221, the walking mechanism 24 can drive the frame 221 to move along the guide rail 213, the walking mechanism 24 includes wheels 241 and power components 242, the wheels 241 arranged on the bottom of the frame 221 are limitedly engaged on the guide rail 213 and can roll along the guide rail 213; the power component 242 is connected to the wheel 241 and can provide power for the rotation of the wheel 241.

[0126] Optionally, the walking mechanism 24 and the guide rail 213 are provided in two corresponding groups, and the two groups of walking mechanisms 24 are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the bottom of the frame 221. Optionally, the guide rail 213 is welded to the bottom wall of the guide base 21.

[0127] Optionally, the power component 242 includes a first motor and a gear transmission assembly. The gear transmission assembly is connected to both the first motor and the wheels 241. Driven by the first motor, the gear transmission assembly can drive the wheels 241 through the gear transmission assembly. Optionally, the first motor of the power component 242 is a servo motor with speed regulation, positioning, and locking functions, eliminating the need for a separate positioning and locking mechanism and streamlining the structure. The travel mechanism 24 can control the travel positioning error of the press 22 to within ±1 mm.

[0128] Optionally, the pressurizing device 2 further includes a pressurizing drive mechanism 25, which is disposed on the frame 221. The pressurizing drive mechanism 25 includes a second motor, a hydraulic pump, and a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic pump is connected to both the second motor and the hydraulic cylinder. Driven by the second motor, the hydraulic pump can provide a source of pressurized oil to the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the pressure head 222 and can move longitudinally under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder to pressurize the pressure rod 13. The hydraulic transmission can ensure that the pressure applied by the pressure head 222 to the pressure rod 13 is more stable and has higher pressure accuracy. Optionally, the second motor is a servo motor, and the hydraulic pump is a double vane pump, which can meet the pressure accuracy requirements of the low-pressure section and the high-pressure section.

[0129] Optionally, the pressurizing drive mechanism 25 is also equipped with a safety protection component, including a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an alarm, to monitor the oil level, oil pressure, and oil temperature in the tank in real time and trigger an alarm if the data is abnormal. Optionally, the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with an imported proportional valve and an imported force sensor to regulate and control the operating pressure.

[0130] Optionally, the pressurizing device 2 further includes a pressurizing control box 26. When the temperature in the vacuum heating furnace 1 reaches the melting and pressing temperature, the pressurizing control box 26 can control the hydraulic cylinder to drive the pressure head 222 to move according to a preset displacement curve. When the pressure head 222 moves downward until it contacts the pressure rod 13, the pressurizing machine 22 starts to pressurize the workpiece to be melted and pressed in the furnace body 11. Optionally, a displacement meter is fixed on the pressure head 222. The displacement meter monitors the displacement of the pressure rod in real time and feeds the displacement back to the pressurizing control box 26. The pressure rod displacement is adjusted and corrected by the pressurizing control box 26 to ensure the stability of the pressure rod displacement. When the pressure rod moves downward to a preset displacement, the pressurizing control box 26 can control the hydraulic cylinder to drive the pressure head 222 to rise, thereby completing the pressurizing operation.

[0131] Optionally, the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system further includes a transfer robot 3 for transferring the workpiece to be melted and pressed into a predetermined vacuum heating furnace 1, opening or closing the furnace cover 12, and transferring the melted and pressed workpiece to a predetermined unloading position. Optionally, the transfer robot 3 includes a mobile platform 31 and a manipulator 311, which is disposed on the mobile platform 31. The manipulator 311 includes a gripper and a drive for controlling the gripper to pick up or release the workpiece and the furnace cover 12.

[0132] Optionally, the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system further includes a ground rail 4, and the transfer robot 3 can move along the guide path of the ground rail 4 to transport the workpiece to be melted and pressed into the vacuum heating furnace 1, and transfer the melted and pressed workpiece in the vacuum heating furnace 1 to a designated position. Optionally, the ground rail 4 is extended in parallel to the length direction of the base of the guide rail 213. Optionally, a pressurizing device 2 is correspondingly arranged with multiple vacuum heating furnaces 1 to form a group of pressurizing units, and multiple groups of pressurizing units are correspondingly arranged on both sides of the ground rail 4 along the length direction. Optionally, the range of action of the manipulator 311 of the transfer robot 3 covers all vacuum hot pressing furnaces to be worked on.

[0133] Optionally, the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system further includes a mold clamping platform 51, a demolding platform 52, a raw material mold transfer vehicle 53, a finished product mold transfer vehicle 54, and a truss manipulator 55. Specifically, the mold clamping platform 51 can be used to place a mold 61 containing a workpiece to be melted and pressed; the demolding platform 52 can be used to place a mold 62 containing a melted and pressed workpiece, so that an operator can demold and separate the melted and pressed workpiece from the mold; the raw material mold transfer vehicle 53 can transport the workpiece between the mold clamping platform 51 and the transfer robot 3; the finished product mold transfer vehicle 54 is suitable for transporting the workpiece between the demolding platform 52 and the transfer robot 3; the truss manipulator 55 is used to transfer the mold 61 containing the workpiece to be melted and pressed on the mold clamping platform 51 to the raw material mold transfer vehicle 53, transfer the mold 62 containing the melted and pressed workpiece on the finished product mold transfer vehicle 54 to the demolding platform 52, and transfer the demolded and separated mold on the demolding platform 52 to the mold clamping platform 51. By setting up a truss manipulator 55, a mechanized mold handling closed loop can be formed, which can realize the automation and mechanization of the mold closed loop circulation, and save labor costs when transferring the mold between the demolding platform 52 and the clamping platform 51, when transferring the mold between the clamping platform 51 and the raw material mold transfer vehicle 53, and when transferring the mold between the finished product mold transfer vehicle 54 and the demolding platform 52.

[0134] Optionally, the truss manipulator 55 is a three-axis manipulator 311 having degrees of freedom in the X, Y, and Z axes. Optionally, the truss manipulator 55 includes a support frame 551, a guide rail 552, an X-axis translation mechanism 553, a Y-axis translation mechanism 554, a Z-axis lifting mechanism 555, and a gripper 556. Specifically, the guide rail 552 extends along the length of the demolding platform 52 and the clamping platform 51 and is supported by the support frame 551. The gripper 556 is mounted on the Z-axis lifting mechanism 555, which is mounted on the Y-axis translation mechanism 554, which is mounted on the X-axis translation mechanism 553, which is mounted on the guide rail 552 and is suitable for driving the clamp to move in the X, Y, and Z axes.

[0135] Optionally, the manipulator 311 of the transfer robot 3 has a range of action covering all vacuum hot pressing furnaces to be operated, as well as the raw material mold transfer cart 53 and the finished product mold transfer cart 54. Optionally, a mold handle is provided on the outer wall of the mold for the manipulator 311 and the truss manipulator 55 to grasp; preferably, the mold handle is a clamping ring structure provided on the outer peripheral wall of the mold; the furnace cover handle 121 includes a clamping portion for the manipulator 311 to grasp and a connecting portion connected between the clamping portion and the outer wall of the furnace cover 12. Preferably, the connecting portion is a cylindrical columnar structure, and the clamping portion is a clamping ring structure and is circumferentially provided on the outer periphery of the end of the connecting portion away from the furnace cover 12. Preferably, the manipulator 311 can cooperate with both the mold handle and the clamping portion to ensure that the manipulator 311 does not need to replace the clamp when grasping the furnace cover 12 or the mold.

[0136] Optionally, the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system further includes a central controller 7 , which is used to comprehensively control the actions of the vacuum heating furnace 1 , the pressurizing device 2 , the transfer robot 3 and the truss manipulator 55 .

[0137] Optionally, the working principle of the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system in this embodiment is basically as follows:

[0138] On the mold closing platform 51, the workpiece to be melted and pressed is loaded into the empty mold for mold closing. After mold closing is completed, the mold 61 containing the workpiece to be melted and pressed, i.e., the raw material mold, is placed on the raw material mold transfer vehicle 53 and transported to the transfer robot 3 by the raw material mold transfer vehicle 53; the transfer robot 3 grabs the raw material molds one by one from the raw material mold transfer vehicle 53 and places them on the mobile platform 31. The mobile platform 31 transports the workpiece to the set vacuum heating furnace 1 along the ground rail 4. After the manipulator 311 completes the operations of opening the cover, taking the material, discharging the material, and closing the cover, the vacuum heating furnace 1 enters the working state to be melted and pressed. The manipulator 311 repeats the above-mentioned operations of opening and closing the cover and taking and discharging the material for the remaining set vacuum heating furnaces 1;

[0139] After all the workpieces on the mobile platform 31 are placed in the vacuum heating furnace 1, the transfer robot 3 will transport the mold 62 containing the molten workpiece, that is, the finished mold, to the unloading area; the manipulator 311 will grab the finished molds one by one and place them on the finished mold transfer vehicle 54, and the finished mold transfer vehicle 54 will transfer them to the demolding platform 52; on the demolding platform 52, the molten workpiece and the mold will be separated and demolded. After demolding and cleaning the mold, the truss manipulator 55 will transfer the empty mold from the demolding platform 52 to the mold closing platform 51 for mold closing operation, forming a mold transfer closed loop; repeat the above process to make the automatic vacuum melting and pressing system work continuously.

[0140] The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system in this embodiment has the advantages of saving labor costs, improving production efficiency, and being safe and reliable, and can realize fully automated assembly line production.

[0141] Optionally, the process of opening and closing the cover and taking and placing the material by the transfer robot 3 is as follows:

[0142] When opening the cover, the transfer robot 3 moves to the set vacuum heating furnace 1, and the manipulator 311 grabs the furnace cover handle 121 on the furnace cover 12. Since the pressure rod 13 is slidably limited on the furnace cover 12, the furnace cover 12 can drive the pressure rod 13 to lift up. When the lower end of the pressure rod 13 is completely above the opening of the furnace body 11, the manipulator 311 moves the furnace cover 12 and places it on the furnace cover bracket 172 beside the furnace body 11, so that the cover can be quickly opened;

[0143] When taking the material, the manipulator 311 grabs the mold handle of the finished mold into the furnace body 11 to take out the finished mold and place it in the finished product area on the mobile platform 31 of the transfer robot 3;

[0144] When unloading, the manipulator 311 grabs the mold handle of the raw material mold from the raw material area on the mobile platform 31 to place the raw material mold into the furnace body 11;

[0145] When closing the cover, the robot 311 grabs the furnace cover 12 placed on the furnace cover bracket 172, and lowers the furnace cover 12 vertically from just above the opening of the furnace body 11 to cover the opening on the furnace body 11, and self-sealing is achieved through the second sealing structure 171 between the furnace cover 12 and the furnace body 11.

[0146] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum heating furnace, characterized in that: include: The furnace body (11) has an opening at the top for taking workpieces in and out; a furnace cover (12), capable of opening or closing the opening; A pressure rod (13), one end of the pressure rod (13) is located above the furnace cover (12), and the other end passes through the furnace cover (12) and can extend into the furnace body (11), and the pressure rod (13) is slidably limited on the furnace cover (12); When the furnace cover (12) is in a closed state, the pressure rod (13) can press the workpiece downward under the action of external pressure; when the furnace cover (12) is opened, the pressure rod (13) can move together with the furnace cover (12); The furnace cover (12) is separately provided between the furnace body (11), and the pressure rod (13) comprises a rod body (131) and a limiting structure (132) fixedly provided on the outer peripheral wall of the rod body (131); The furnace cover (12) is provided with a guide channel for the pressure rod (13) to slide up and down, and a stop structure (14) suitable for cooperating with the limit structure (132) in the vertical limit direction is provided in the guide channel. When the furnace cover (12) is opened, the stop structure (14) is abutted under the limit structure (132) to drive the pressure rod (13) to move together with the furnace cover (12); The limiting structure (132) is an annular limiting block fixedly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the rod body (131); The stop structure (14) is an annular stop block fixedly arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the guide channel, and the annular stop block is located at the lower end opening of the guide channel.

2. The vacuum heating furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace cover (12) is provided with a mounting opening at the center thereof for mounting the pressure rod (13), a mounting sleeve (15) is fixedly provided in the mounting opening, the guide channel is formed inside the mounting sleeve (15), and the mounting sleeve (15) passes through the furnace cover (12) from top to bottom; The pressure rod (13) further comprises a pressing portion (133) fixedly arranged at the lower end of the rod body (131) and adapted to contact the workpiece, wherein the rod body (131) is a stepped rod, comprising a first rod section (1311) and a second rod section (1312) with an increased outer diameter, wherein the second rod section (1312) is connected between the first rod section (1311) and the pressing portion (133); The mounting sleeve (15) correspondingly comprises a first barrel section and a second barrel section with an increased outer diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first barrel section (1311) is smaller than the inner diameter of the first barrel section, the outer diameter of the second barrel section (1312) is larger than the inner diameter of the first barrel section and smaller than the inner diameter of the second barrel section, and the limiting structure (132) is arranged on the second barrel section (1312).

3. The vacuum heating furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A first sealing structure (16) is provided between the furnace cover (12) and the pressure rod (13), and the first sealing structure (16) comprises: A sealing sleeve (161) is telescopically sleeved on the upper end of the pressure rod (13), one end of the sealing sleeve (161) is sealingly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the pressure rod (13), and the other end is sealingly connected to the circumference of the guide channel to achieve sealing of the fitting gap between the pressure rod (13) and the guide channel.

4. The vacuum heating furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The furnace cover (12) further comprises: a furnace cover handle (121), fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the furnace cover (12), suitable for opening or closing the furnace cover (12) via the furnace cover handle (121); and / or, The heat insulating structure (122) is fixed on the bottom wall of the furnace cover (12). The heat insulating structure (122) is suitable for blocking the opening of the furnace body (11) and the inner cavity of the furnace body (11) when the furnace cover (12) is in a closed state, so as to play a role in heat preservation and insulation.

5. The vacuum heating furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A furnace cover bracket (172) is fixedly arranged at a set position outside the furnace body (11) and is suitable for placing the furnace cover (12) when the furnace cover (12) is in an open state.

6. The vacuum heating furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Also includes: The second sealing structure (171) comprises a flexible sealing ring arranged between the furnace body (11) and the furnace cover (12). When the furnace cover (12) is in a closed state, the flexible sealing ring can be pressed under the action of its own weight to achieve self-sealing between the furnace body (11) and the furnace cover (12).

7. The vacuum heating furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: A circulating water cooling device (18) is connected to both the furnace cover (12) and the furnace body (11), and is suitable for taking away heat from the vacuum heating furnace (1).

8. The vacuum heating furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that: The furnace cover (12) and the furnace body (11) are respectively provided with cooling channels for circulating cooling water. The water inlets of the cooling channels of the furnace cover (12) and the furnace body (11) are respectively connected to the water outlets of the circulating water cooling device (18), and the water outlets are respectively connected to the water inlets of the circulating water cooling device (18).

9. An automatic vacuum melting and pressing system, characterized in that: The vacuum heating furnace (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: The pressurizing device (2) cooperates with the press rod (13) and is suitable for applying pressure to the press rod (13) to perform a pressurizing operation on the workpiece to be melted and pressed in the vacuum heating furnace (1).

10. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pressurizing device (2) comprises a guide base (21) and a pressurizing machine (22), and the vacuum heating furnace (1) and the pressurizing machine (22) are both arranged on the guide base (21); There are multiple vacuum heating furnaces (1), and the multiple vacuum heating furnaces (1) are arranged at intervals along the guide path on the guide base (21). The press (22) can move along the guide path of the guide base (21) to approach the vacuum heating furnace (1) at a set position and apply pressure to the pressure rod (13) on the vacuum heating furnace (1).

11. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The press (22) comprises a frame (221) and a pressing head (222), wherein the frame (221) is slidably arranged on the guide base (21), and the pressing head (222) is arranged on the frame (221) and is suitable for applying pressure to the pressing rod (13); Along the length direction of the guide base (21), guide rail grooves (211) are respectively provided on two opposite side walls of the guide base (21), and a sliding footrest (2211) is provided at the bottom of the frame (221) and is slidably limited with the guide rail groove (211). The sliding footrest (2211) is adapted to apply a reaction force to the top wall of the guide rail groove (211) when the pressure head (222) applies pressure to the pressure rod (13).

12. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The pressurizing device (2) further comprises a gap adjustment mechanism (23), wherein the gap adjustment mechanism (23) comprises: an adjustment block (231), wherein the adjustment block (231) can be inserted between the top wall of the sliding bracket (2211) and the top wall of the guide rail groove (211), or pulled out from between the sliding bracket (2211) and the guide rail groove (211); When the press (22) stays at a set position, the adjustment block (231) is inserted between the sliding footrest (2211) and the guide rail groove (211) to eliminate the matching clearance between the two; when the press (22) moves, the adjustment block (231) is pulled out.

13. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system according to claim 12, characterized in that: The gap adjustment mechanism (23) comprises: A driving component fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the frame (221) near the sliding footrest (2211); A telescopic rod (232) is connected to the driving component at one end and connected to the adjustment block (231) at the other end. The telescopic rod (232) can be extended and retracted along the insertion and removal direction of the adjustment block (231) under the drive of the driving component to control the adjustment block (231) to extend into or out of the guide rail groove (211).

14. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system according to claim 12, characterized in that: The adjustment block (231) is a wedge-shaped block, and the top wall of the guide rail groove (211) and the upper matching surface of the adjustment block (231) are both inclined surfaces that are gradually tilted downward along the insertion direction of the adjustment block (231).

15. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The guide base (21) includes a base body (212) having an I-shaped longitudinal cross-section, grooves on the left and right sides of the I-shaped base body (212) are the guide rail grooves (211), and the width of the top wall of the base body (212) is smaller than the bottom wall. A guide rail (213) is further provided on the upper surface of the bottom wall of the guide base (21) along the length direction of the guide base (21); The pressurizing device (2) further includes a running mechanism (24) mounted on the frame (221), adapted to drive the frame (221) to move along the guide rail (213), the running mechanism (24) including: Wheels (241) are arranged at the bottom of the frame (221), the wheels are limitedly engaged on the guide rail (213), and can roll along the guide rail (213); A power component (242) is connected to the wheel and is suitable for providing power for the wheel to rotate.

16. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: The transfer robot (3) is used to transfer the workpiece to be melted and pressed into a set vacuum heating furnace (1) and / or to open or close the furnace cover (12) and / or to transfer the melted and pressed workpiece to a set unloading position.

17. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system according to claim 16, characterized in that: The transfer robot (3) comprises: Mobile Platform (31); A manipulator (311) is arranged on the mobile platform (31), and the manipulator (311) comprises a gripper and a driving member for controlling the gripper to pick up or release the workpiece and / or furnace cover (12).

18. The automatic vacuum melting and pressing system according to claim 16, characterized in that: Also includes: A mold clamping platform (51) for placing a mold (61) containing a workpiece to be melt-pressed; A demoulding platform (52) is suitable for placing a mold (62) containing a molten workpiece, so that an operator can demould and separate the molten workpiece from the mold; A raw material mold transfer vehicle (53) adapted to transport workpieces between the mold clamping platform (51) and the transfer robot (3); A finished mold transfer vehicle (54) adapted to transport workpieces between the demoulding platform (52) and the transfer robot (3); The truss manipulator (55) is used to transfer the mold (61) on the mold clamping platform (51) with the workpiece to be melted and pressed to the raw material mold transfer vehicle (53), and / or to transfer the mold (62) on the finished product mold transfer vehicle (54) with the workpiece already melted and pressed to the demoulding platform (52), and / or to transfer the mold that has been demoulded and separated on the demoulding platform (52) to the mold clamping platform (51).

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