Multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die and process method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die and a process method thereof. The die includes a matching structure, a template, an upper die, a lower die and a die sleeve. The die cavity of the first lower die has three working surfaces, the bottom surface of the die cavity of the first lower die is a rectangular horizontal plane, and the side surface of the die cavity of the first lower die is a rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to two adjacent sides in the rectangular horizontal plane; the die cavity of the second lower die has four working surfaces, the bottom surface of the die cavity of the second lower die is a rectangular horizontal plane, and the side surface of the die cavity of the second lower die is a rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to three connected sides in the rectangular horizontal plane. The die cavity of the upper die includes a rectangular horizontal plane and a rectangular vertical side surface; the rectangular horizontal plane of the upper die is parallel to the rectangular horizontal plane of the lower die, and the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side surface of the upper die are perpendicular to each other. The present invention realizes multi-directional extrusion deformation of the blank in different forms by combining the die cavity, so that the grain structure is refined, and at the same time reduces the difficulty of removing the blank after deformation, and improves the comprehensive performance of the blank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal deformation, in particular to a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die and a process method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Multi-directional extrusion, developed from multi-directional forging, is a new type of severe plastic deformation process that can produce ultra-fine-grained bulk materials. It has the same principle as multi-directional forging, that is, the refinement of material structure is achieved through the superposition of deformation passes and repeated changes in load direction. Multi-directional extrusion uses dies for deformation. Therefore, on the basis of the high efficiency of multi-directional forging, it can further achieve precise control of the deformation process and enable the block billet to maintain a good geometric shape before and after deformation, thereby greatly reducing the workload of subsequent machining.

[0003] The current multi-directional extrusion processes mainly include closed type and single-open type. The billets in both types of processes are compressed and deformed in the height direction and elongated in a horizontal direction under the constraint of the die. The difference is that the closed type deformed billet is bilaterally elongated in the horizontal direction at the beginning of deformation, but when the compression reaches a certain value, it begins to be constrained by the die in the elongation direction, and the size in the elongation direction no longer increases but turns to gradually fill the mold cavity downward; the single-open type deformed billet is constrained by the die during the entire deformation process and only elongates unilaterally in the horizontal direction. Both types of processes can achieve effective refinement of material organization. The former can make the billet accumulate a larger deformation amount and obtain a better refinement effect, while the latter can obtain a more uniform organization. On the basis of the existing process, the present invention innovatively proposes a double-open multi-directional extrusion process, that is, the billet is bilaterally elongated in a horizontal direction during the deformation process and there is no die constraint throughout the process. Relevant simulations and experiments have confirmed that this process can make the billet accumulate a larger deformation amount, and the organization refinement and performance improvement are higher than the existing process.

[0004] Traditional multi-directional extrusion generally uses a closed integral die. After the billet is deformed, it is full or half-full at the bottom of the die cavity. The billet flipping between passes and the final removal operation are both difficult. This problem can be solved by setting an ejection mechanism at the bottom of the die cavity. However, this increases the cost of die design and maintenance, and is prone to wear of the die cavity and forgings due to the ejection process. These problems cannot be ignored in the development and application of multi-directional extrusion technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-functional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die and a process method thereof, which realizes multi-directional extrusion deformation of metal billets in different forms by means of different forms of combined die cavities consisting of a lower die with three working surfaces or four working surface cavities and a corresponding upper die, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art and achieving effective refinement of the material structure.

[0006] The present invention provides a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die, which comprises a matching structure, a template, an upper die, a lower die and a die sleeve. The fixed end of the matching structure is fixedly connected to the first fixed end of the upper template, the upper die is fixedly connected to the second fixed end of the upper template, the U-shaped groove of the upper template is connected to the movable crossbeam of the hydraulic press, the lower die is placed in the die sleeve, the die sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower template, and the U-shaped groove of the lower template is connected to the working table of the hydraulic press. The lower mold comprises a first lower mold and a second lower mold, the mold cavity of the first lower mold has three working surfaces, the bottom surface of the mold cavity of the first lower mold is a rectangular horizontal plane, the side surfaces of the mold cavity of the first lower mold are a first rectangular vertical side surface and a second rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to two adjacent sides in the rectangular horizontal plane, the mold cavity of the second lower mold has four working surfaces, the bottom surface of the mold cavity of the second lower mold is a rectangular horizontal plane, the side surfaces of the mold cavity of the second lower mold are a first rectangular vertical side surface, a second rectangular vertical side surface and a third rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to three connected sides in the rectangular horizontal plane; the upper mold comprises a first upper mold and a second upper mold, the mold cavity of the upper mold comprises a rectangular horizontal plane and a rectangular vertical side surface; the rectangular horizontal plane of the upper mold is parallel to the rectangular horizontal plane of the lower mold, and the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side surface of the upper mold are perpendicular to each other.

[0007] Preferably, the first lower mold and the first upper mold form a single-sided open combined mold cavity, and the second lower mold and the second upper mold form a closed combined mold cavity.

[0008] Preferably, the side surface of the mold cavity of the second lower mold is perpendicular to three connected sides in the rectangular horizontal plane, including a long side and two short sides of the rectangular horizontal plane.

[0009] Preferably, the dimensions of the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side of the upper mold cavity are respectively equal to the dimensions of the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side corresponding to the long sides of the rectangular horizontal plane of the matching lower mold.

[0010] Preferably, the size of the inner cross section of the mold sleeve is equal to the size of the outer cross section of the assembly consisting of the upper mold and the lower mold, and the inner depth of the mold sleeve is equal to the height of the lower mold.

[0011] Another aspect of the present invention provides a process for a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die, which comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1. According to different forms of multi-directional extrusion process, the rectangular blank is placed inside the mold cavity of different lower molds:

[0013] If a single-open deformation process is adopted, the rectangular blank is placed vertically with its long side on the rectangular horizontal surface of the mold cavity of the first lower mold, and two adjacent vertical side surfaces of the rectangular blank are in contact with the first rectangular vertical side surface and the second rectangular vertical side surface of the mold cavity of the first lower mold respectively; or

[0014] If the double-open deformation process is adopted, the rectangular blank is placed vertically with its long side in the middle of the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the first lower mold, and one of the vertical side surfaces of the rectangular blank is in contact with the rectangular vertical side surface of the mold cavity of the first lower mold; or

[0015] If a closed deformation process is adopted, the rectangular blank is placed vertically with its long side in the middle of the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the second lower mold, and one of the vertical side surfaces of the rectangular blank contacts the rectangular vertical side surface of the mold cavity of the second lower mold;

[0016] S2, start the hydraulic press, the upper die moves towards the lower die under the drive of the movable crossbeam, the matching structure connected with the upper die plate first extends into the space between the die sleeve and the lower die for guidance and positioning, the upper die moves until the horizontal plane of the die cavity contacts the upper surface of the blank, and then starts to extrude the blank, so that the rectangular blank is deformed;

[0017] S3, when the rectangular blank reaches the predetermined compression amount, the upper die stops moving toward the lower die, and the movable crossbeam drives the upper die to move away from the lower die until it stops after leaving the die sleeve, and the rectangular blank is rotated 90°, and the rectangular blank is placed vertically on the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the lower die with the horizontally extended end during the deformation process. The placement position of the rectangular blank after rotation follows the rule described in S1;

[0018] S4, repeating steps S2 and S3, cyclically applying loads to the three directions of the rectangular blank, so that the rectangular blank can achieve multi-pass multi-directional extrusion deformation. After the extrusion deformation is completed, the upper die is returned to the initial position by the movable crossbeam, and the rectangular blank is taken out.

[0019] Preferably, in step S1, the rectangular vertical side in contact is a rectangular vertical side perpendicular to the long side of the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the first lower mold; the rectangular vertical side in contact is a rectangular vertical side perpendicular to the long side of the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the second lower mold.

[0020] Preferably, in step S2, during the single-open deformation, the cuboid blank undergoes unilateral elongation deformation along the open end of the long side of the mold cavity of the first lower mold; during the double-open deformation, the cuboid blank undergoes bilateral elongation deformation along the long side of the mold cavity of the first lower mold; during the closed deformation, the cuboid blank undergoes bilateral elongation deformation along the long side of the mold cavity of the second lower mold, but is subsequently restricted by the short side rectangular vertical side of the mold cavity. The cuboid blank does not deform along the short side of the mold cavity of the lower mold in the horizontal direction.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The combined die cavity composed of the lower die with three working surface cavities and the matching upper die designed in the present invention can realize the single-open and double-open extrusion deformation of metal blanks. After deformation, the blank is in the die cavity of the open lower die and can be directly taken out.

[0023] 2. The combined mold cavity composed of the lower mold with four working surface mold cavities and the matching upper mold designed in the present invention can realize the closed deformation of the metal blank. After the deformation, the blank is in the mold cavity of the semi-open lower mold. Compared with the traditional closed integral mold deformation, the difficulty of removing it is significantly reduced.

[0024] 3. The present invention performs multi-directional extrusion on the metal blank through the combined die cavity formed by the lower die and the upper die, which can effectively refine the grain structure, thereby greatly improving the comprehensive performance of the metal material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1a It is a front view of the matching state of the first lower die and the first upper die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 1b The invention provides a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die. Figure 1a Sectional view at aa in the middle;

[0027] Figure 1c The invention provides a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die. Figure 1a Sectional view at bb in the middle;

[0028] Figure 2a It is a front view and cross-sectional view of the matching state of the second lower die and the second upper die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2b The invention provides a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die. Figure 2a Sectional view at aa in the middle;

[0030] Figure 2c The invention provides a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die. Figure 2a Sectional view at bb in the middle;

[0031] Figure 3a It is a front view of the assembly state of the first lower die, the first upper die and the die set in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3b The invention provides a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die. Figure 3a Sectional view at aa in the middle;

[0033] Figure 3c The invention provides a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die. Figure 3a Cross-sectional view at bb

[0034] Figure 4a It is a front view of the first lower die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4b It is a left view of the first lower die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4c It is a top view of the first lower die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5a It is a front view of the first upper die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5b It is a left view of the first upper die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5c A top view of the first upper die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6a It is a front view of the second lower die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6b It is a left view of the second lower die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6c A top view of the second lower die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7a It is a front view of the second upper die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7bIt is a left view of the second upper die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7c A top view of the second upper die in the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8a It is a front view of the die sleeve of the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8b It is a left view of the die sleeve of the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8c A top view of a mold sleeve in a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation mold of the present invention;

[0049] Fig. 9 a- Fig. 9 i is a schematic diagram of the single-open, double-open and closed multi-directional extrusion strong deformation processes in the process method based on a multi-functional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10a-Figure 10d It is a metallographic photograph of the microstructure of the magnesium alloy before and after deformation in an embodiment of the process method based on a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die of the present invention.

[0051] Main reference numerals:

[0052] Matching structure 1, upper mold plate 2, first upper mold 3, first lower mold 4, second upper mold 5, second lower mold 6, mold sleeve 7, lower mold plate 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to fully describe the technical content, structural features, objectives and effects of the present invention, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] With multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die, such as Figure 1a-Figure 1c and Figure 2a-2c As shown, it includes a matching structure 1, an upper mold plate 2, a first upper mold 3, a first lower mold 4, a second upper mold 5, a second lower mold 6, a mold sleeve 7 and a lower mold plate 8.

[0055] like Figure 1a-Figure 1c and Figure 3a-3c As shown, the fixed end of the matching structure 1 is fixedly connected to the first fixed end of the upper mold plate 2, and the matching structure 1 can be extended between the mold sleeve 7 and the first lower mold 4 to realize the positioning of the first lower mold 4 and the guidance of the movement of the first upper mold 3. The first upper mold 3 is fixedly connected to the second fixed end of the upper mold plate 2, and the U-shaped groove of the upper mold plate 2 is connected to the movable crossbeam of the hydraulic press. Figure 3a-3cAs shown, the first lower mold 4 is placed in the mold sleeve 7, the mold sleeve 7 and the lower mold plate 8 are fixedly connected, and the U-shaped groove of the lower mold plate 8 is connected to the working table of the hydraulic press.

[0056] like Figure 2a-2c As shown, the fixed end of the matching structure 1 is fixedly connected to the first fixed end of the upper mold plate 2, and the matching structure 1 can be extended between the mold sleeve 7 and the second lower mold 6 to realize the positioning of the second lower mold 6 and the guidance of the movement of the second upper mold 5. The second upper mold 5 is fixedly connected to the second fixed end of the upper mold plate 2, and the U-shaped groove of the upper mold plate 2 is connected to the movable crossbeam of the hydraulic press, as shown in FIG. Figure 3a-3c As shown, the second lower mold 6 is placed in the mold sleeve 7, the mold sleeve 7 and the lower mold plate 8 are fixedly connected, and the U-shaped groove of the lower mold plate 8 is connected to the working table of the hydraulic press.

[0057] The matching structure 1, the upper mold and the upper template 2 are of integrated design. The upper template 2 is provided with a U-shaped groove, which can be connected to the movable crossbeam by bolts; the mold sleeve 7 and the lower template 8 are of integrated design. The lower template 8 is provided with a U-shaped groove, which can be connected to the working table of the hydraulic press by bolts.

[0058] The lower mold includes a first lower mold 4 and a second lower mold 6, such as Figure 4a-4c As shown, the mold cavity of the first lower mold 4 has three working surfaces. The bottom surface of the mold cavity of the first lower mold 4 is a rectangular horizontal surface, and the side surfaces of the mold cavity of the first lower mold 4 are a first rectangular vertical side surface and a second rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to two adjacent sides of the rectangular horizontal surface; Figure 6a-6c As shown, the mold cavity of the second lower mold 6 has four working surfaces, the bottom surface of the mold cavity of the second lower mold 6 is a rectangular horizontal plane, and the side surfaces of the mold cavity of the second lower mold 6 are a first rectangular vertical side surface, a second rectangular vertical side surface and a third rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to the three connected sides in the rectangular horizontal plane.

[0059] The upper mold includes a first upper mold 3 and a second upper mold 5, such as Figure 5a-5c As shown, the mold cavity of the first upper mold 3 includes a rectangular horizontal surface and a rectangular vertical side surface; the rectangular horizontal surface of the first upper mold 3 is parallel to the rectangular horizontal surface of the first lower mold 4, and the rectangular horizontal surface and the rectangular vertical side surface of the first upper mold 3 are perpendicular to each other; Figure 7a-7c As shown, the mold cavity of the second upper mold 5 includes a rectangular horizontal plane and a rectangular vertical side surface; the rectangular horizontal plane of the second upper mold 5 is parallel to the rectangular horizontal plane of the second lower mold 6, and the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side surface of the second upper mold 5 are perpendicular to each other.

[0060] Specifically, the first lower mold 4 and the first upper mold 3 form a single-side open combined mold cavity, and the second lower mold 6 and the second upper mold 5 form a closed combined mold cavity.

[0061] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the side of the mold cavity of the second lower mold 6 is perpendicular to the three connected sides of the rectangular horizontal plane, including one long side and two short sides of the rectangular horizontal plane. In the first upper mold 3 and the second upper mold 5, the size of the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side of the mold cavity are respectively equal to the size of the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side corresponding to the long side of the rectangular horizontal plane of the matching lower mold. Figure 8a-8c As shown, the size of the inner cross section of the die sleeve 7 is equal to the size of the outer cross section of the assembly consisting of the upper die and the lower die, and the inner depth of the die sleeve 7 is equal to the height of the lower die.

[0062] The following is a further description of a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die and a process method thereof of the present invention in combination with an embodiment:

[0063] The process method with multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die makes the process efficient and fast, the material organization is effectively refined, and the combined die cavity design can significantly reduce the difficulty of removing the metal billet after deformation. On the basis of easy operation and effective improvement of production efficiency, it can greatly improve the comprehensive performance of metal materials.

[0064] This embodiment takes a rectangular magnesium alloy billet as an example to illustrate the single-open, double-open and closed multi-directional extrusion strong deformation processes of the rectangular magnesium alloy billet. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0065] S1. According to different forms of multi-directional extrusion process, a rectangular magnesium alloy billet is placed inside the mold cavity of different lower molds:

[0066] S11. If a single-open deformation process is used, the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is placed vertically with its long side on the rectangular horizontal surface of the first lower die 4 cavity, and two adjacent vertical side surfaces of the rectangular magnesium alloy billet are in contact with the first rectangular vertical side surface and the second rectangular vertical side surface of the first lower die 4 cavity, respectively. Fig. 9 As shown in a.

[0067] S12. If a double-open deformation process is used, the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is placed vertically with its long side in the middle of the rectangular horizontal surface of the first lower die 4 cavity, and one of the vertical side surfaces of the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is in contact with the rectangular vertical side surface of the first lower die 4 cavity, such as Fig. 9 As shown in d.

[0068] S13. If a closed deformation process is used, the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is placed vertically with its long side in the middle of the rectangular horizontal plane of the second lower die 6 cavity, and one of the vertical side surfaces of the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is in contact with the rectangular vertical side surface of the second lower die 6 cavity, such as Fig. 9 As shown in g.

[0069] Specifically, in step S12, the contacted rectangular vertical side is a rectangular vertical side perpendicular to the long side of the rectangular horizontal plane of the first lower mold 4 cavity; in step S13, the contacted rectangular vertical side is a rectangular vertical side perpendicular to the long side of the rectangular horizontal plane of the second lower mold 6 cavity.

[0070] S2, start the hydraulic press, the upper die moves towards the lower die driven by the movable crossbeam, the matching structure 1 connected to the upper die plate 2 first extends into the space between the die sleeve 7 and the lower die for guidance and positioning, the upper die moves until the horizontal plane of the die cavity contacts the upper surface of the billet and then starts to extrude the billet. The positional relationships between the rectangular magnesium alloy billet and the die under the three multi-directional extrusion processes are shown as follows: Fig. 9 b. Fig. 9 As shown in Figs. e and 9h, the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is deformed. The specific deformation process is as follows: the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is compressed and deformed in the vertical direction in the combined die cavity formed by the lower die and the upper die, and is elongated and deformed in the horizontal direction along the long side of the die cavity. For example, in the case of single-open deformation, the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is elongated and deformed on one side along the open end of the long side of the die cavity of the first lower die 4, as shown in Figs. Fig. 9 c; for double-open deformation, the rectangular magnesium alloy billet undergoes bilateral elongation deformation along the long side of the first lower die 4 cavity, such as Fig. 9 f; for closed deformation, the rectangular magnesium alloy billet undergoes bilateral elongation deformation along the long sides of the second lower die 6 cavity, but is subsequently restricted by the short rectangular vertical side of the cavity, such as Fig. 9 As shown in i.

[0071] Specifically, in step S2, the rectangular magnesium alloy billet does not deform along the short side of the cavity of the lower die in the horizontal direction, and when the rectangular magnesium alloy billet reaches a predetermined compression amount, the upper die stops moving.

[0072] S3. When the rectangular magnesium alloy billet reaches a predetermined compression amount, the upper die stops moving toward the lower die. At this time, the movable crossbeam drives the upper die to move away from the lower die to a safe position until it is separated from the die sleeve 7 and stops. The rectangular magnesium alloy billet is rotated 90° by a tool, and the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is placed vertically on the rectangular horizontal plane of the die cavity of the lower die with the horizontally extended end in the S2 deformation process, that is, the next pass applies a load to the billet along this direction. After rotation, the placement position of the rectangular magnesium alloy billet follows the rule described in S1.

[0073] S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to cyclically apply loads to the rectangular magnesium alloy billet in three directions, wherein one loading is one deformation pass, and three passes of loading in three directions are a complete cycle, so that the rectangular magnesium alloy billet can achieve nine passes of multi-directional extrusion deformation. After the last extrusion deformation pass, the upper die is returned to the initial position by the movable crossbeam, and the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is taken out using a tool.

[0074] Through the above operations, the single-open, double-open and closed multi-directional extrusion strong deformation of the rectangular magnesium alloy billet is achieved. The metallographic photos of the alloy microstructure before and after deformation are shown in Figure 2. Figure 10a-Figure 10d The metallographic photograph of the original alloy is shown in Fig.10a As shown in Figure 1, the average grain size is about 4.1 μm; the metallographic photograph of the alloy after nine single-open multi-directional extrusion deformation is shown in Figure 1. Fig.10b As shown in Figure 2, the average grain size is reduced to 3.35 μm; the metallographic photograph of the alloy after nine passes of double-open multi-directional extrusion strong deformation is shown in Figure 2. Fig.10c As shown in the figure, the average grain size is significantly reduced to 1.95μm; the average grain size of the alloy after closed multi-directional extrusion strong deformation is between the first two processes, such as Fig.10d The above results show that based on the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die and process disclosed in the present invention, the grain structure of the alloy material can be effectively refined.

[0075] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred implementation modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die, which includes a matching structure, a template, an upper die, a lower die and a die sleeve, characterized in that: The fixed end of the matching structure is fixedly connected to the first fixed end of the upper template, the upper template is fixedly connected to the second fixed end of the upper template, the U-shaped groove of the upper template is connected to the movable crossbeam of the hydraulic press, the lower template is placed in the mold sleeve, the mold sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower template, and the U-shaped groove of the lower template is connected to the working table of the hydraulic press; The lower mold comprises a first lower mold and a second lower mold, the mold cavity of the first lower mold has three working surfaces, the bottom surface of the mold cavity of the first lower mold is a rectangular horizontal plane, the side surfaces of the mold cavity of the first lower mold are a first rectangular vertical side surface and a second rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to two adjacent sides in the rectangular horizontal plane, the mold cavity of the second lower mold has four working surfaces, the bottom surface of the mold cavity of the second lower mold is a rectangular horizontal plane, the side surfaces of the mold cavity of the second lower mold are a first rectangular vertical side surface, a second rectangular vertical side surface and a third rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to three connected sides in the rectangular horizontal plane; the upper mold comprises a first upper mold and a second upper mold, the mold cavity of the upper mold comprises a rectangular horizontal plane and a rectangular vertical side surface; the rectangular horizontal plane of the upper mold is parallel to the rectangular horizontal plane of the lower mold, and the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side surface of the upper mold are perpendicular to each other.

2. The multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first lower mold and the first upper mold form a single-side open combined mold cavity, and the second lower mold and the second upper mold form a closed combined mold cavity.

3. The multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The side surface of the mold cavity of the second lower mold is perpendicular to three connected sides in the rectangular horizontal plane, including a long side and two short sides of the rectangular horizontal plane.

4. The multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dimensions of the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side of the mold cavity of the upper mold are respectively equal to the dimensions of the rectangular horizontal plane and the rectangular vertical side corresponding to the long side on the rectangular horizontal plane of the matching lower mold.

5. The multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The size of the inner cross section of the mold sleeve is equal to the size of the outer cross section of the assembly consisting of the upper mold and the lower mold, and the inner depth of the mold sleeve is equal to the height of the lower mold.

6. A process method with a multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. According to different forms of multi-directional extrusion process, the rectangular blank is placed inside the mold cavity of different lower molds: If a single-open deformation process is adopted, the rectangular blank is placed vertically with its long side on the rectangular horizontal surface of the mold cavity of the first lower mold, and two adjacent vertical side surfaces of the rectangular blank are in contact with the first rectangular vertical side surface and the second rectangular vertical side surface of the mold cavity of the first lower mold respectively; or If the double-open deformation process is adopted, the rectangular blank is placed vertically with its long side in the middle of the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the first lower mold, and one of the vertical side surfaces of the rectangular blank is in contact with the rectangular vertical side surface of the mold cavity of the first lower mold; or If a closed deformation process is adopted, the rectangular blank is placed vertically with its long side in the middle of the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the second lower mold, and one of the vertical side surfaces of the rectangular blank contacts the rectangular vertical side surface of the mold cavity of the second lower mold; S2, start the hydraulic press, the upper die moves towards the lower die under the drive of the movable crossbeam, the matching structure connected with the upper die plate first extends into the space between the die sleeve and the lower die for guidance and positioning, the upper die moves until the horizontal plane of the die cavity contacts the upper surface of the blank, and then starts to extrude the blank, so that the rectangular blank is deformed; S3, when the rectangular blank reaches the predetermined compression amount, the upper die stops moving toward the lower die, and the movable crossbeam drives the upper die to move away from the lower die until it stops after leaving the die sleeve, and the rectangular blank is rotated 90°, and the rectangular blank is placed vertically on the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the lower die with the horizontally extended end during the deformation process. The placement position of the rectangular blank after rotation follows the rule of S1; S4, repeating steps S2 and S3, cyclically applying loads to the three directions of the rectangular blank, so that the rectangular blank can achieve multi-pass multi-directional extrusion deformation. After the extrusion deformation is completed, the upper die is returned to the initial position by the movable crossbeam, and the rectangular blank is taken out.

7. The process method of the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step S1, the rectangular vertical side surface in contact is a rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to the long side of the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the first lower mold; the rectangular vertical side surface in contact is a rectangular vertical side surface perpendicular to the long side of the rectangular horizontal plane of the mold cavity of the second lower mold.

8. The process method of the multifunctional multi-directional extrusion strong deformation die according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step S2, during single-open deformation, the open end of the rectangular blank along the long side of the mold cavity of the first lower mold undergoes unilateral elongation deformation; during double-open deformation, the rectangular blank undergoes bilateral elongation deformation along the long side of the mold cavity of the first lower mold; during closed deformation, the rectangular blank undergoes bilateral elongation deformation along the long side of the mold cavity of the second lower mold, but is subsequently restricted by the short rectangular vertical side of the mold cavity, and the rectangular blank does not deform in the horizontal direction along the short side of the mold cavity of the lower mold.

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