A method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and specifically discloses a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, comprising the following steps: setting a first planting area on the embankment foot platform; sequentially setting a second planting area and a third planting area on the seawall slope protection structure in the direction from the sea to the land; placing tree planting bags in the first planting area, the second planting area and the third planting area respectively, wherein the tree planting bags are filled with fertilizers, and then mangrove plants are planted in the tree planting bags, wherein the plant spacing in the second planting area and the third planting area is (A+B) to (A+B)×1.2, wherein A+B is the sum of the crown radii of adjacent plants; and irrigating and maintaining the plants. The hardened seawall vegetation construction method provided in the present application enables mangrove plants to survive and be covered with green quickly under specific plant spacing and reasonable fertilization measures, successfully constructs an ecological seawall vegetation landscape, and forms an ecological system with complete morphology and relatively complete functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation. Background Art

[0002] Seawalls are important infrastructure for coastal areas to resist typhoons and storm surge disasters. While traditional seawall construction has achieved significant disaster reduction and economic benefits, it has also caused many ecological problems. For example, seawall construction has changed the natural coastline, destroyed the original flora and fauna and natural landscape of the coast, interrupted the biological corridors and ecological buffer zones in the land-sea transition zone, and simplified the coastal landscape and biodiversity. The existence of seawalls has caused the original "softer" silt sediments, porous rock coasts and diverse vegetation to be replaced by hard, uniform, low-porosity rocks or concrete. Typical marine ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass beds, coastal swamps, and natural coastal microhabitats such as puddles, caves, and cracks have been affected to varying degrees. Therefore, while ensuring the protective function of seawalls, solving the ecological and environmental problems caused by traditional seawalls has become a top priority for seawall construction.

[0003] Since the 1990s, scientists at home and abroad have paid more and more attention to the ecological and environmental issues of seawalls, and have carried out research on the construction of ecological seawalls. Ecological seawalls should at least meet the functions of physical defense and disaster reduction and prevention, while trying to preserve or artificially create vegetation and landscape elements close to nature, and maintain the original basic marine life processes in the sea area as much as possible. At present, there are great technical limitations in the construction of seawalls in my country. The structure of hardened seawalls is single, and the ecological diversity and abundance are low. The removal of seawalls has a great impact on the ecosystem of the coastline and is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Even if an ecological seawall is constructed, the survival rate and plant coverage rate of plants are low, and a good greening effect cannot be achieved in a short time. Therefore, starting from the structure and function of the ecosystem, without reducing the standard of the original hardened seawall to prevent wind and waves, the construction of a rich plant community has become the focus of research. Summary of the invention

[0004] The existing hardened seawall has a single structure and low ecological diversity. If the hardened seawall is dismantled as a whole, it will not only have a great impact on the coastline ecosystem and be time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also the plant survival rate and coverage rate of the rebuilt ecological seawall are low, and it is impossible to quickly build a good plant community in a short time. The present invention provides a hardened seawall vegetation construction method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Set up the first planting area on the embankment foot platform; set up the second planting area and the third planting area on the seawall slope protection structure in the direction from sea to land;

[0008] Step 2: placing tree planting bags in the first planting area, the second planting area and the third planting area respectively, the tree planting bags are filled with fertilizer, and then mangrove plants are planted in the tree planting bags, the plant spacing in the second planting area and the third planting area is (A+B)~(A+B)×1.2, wherein A+B is the sum of the crown radii of adjacent plants; the fertilizer includes the following components in percentage by mass: 15%~20% of microbial agent, 20%~30% of biochar and 50%~60% of garden compost, wherein the microbial agent includes a carrier and a composite bacteria, and the composite bacteria is a mixture of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas rosea in a mass ratio of 1~2:1~2:2~4:0.5~1;

[0009] Step three: irrigating and maintaining the plants.

[0010] Equivalent to the prior art, the hardened seawall vegetation construction method provided in this application has the following advantages:

[0011] (1) The present invention constructs a reasonable spacing of seawall plants based on the photosynthetic characteristics of plants and the influence of the canopy microenvironment on the spacing configuration. The canopy microenvironment is a factor that affects the photosynthesis of plant leaves. If the spacing is too dense, it is easy to cause unreasonable light and heat distribution within the group, resulting in problems such as slow growth and development and lodging; if the spacing is greater than the above-mentioned preferred range, the canopy temperature and relative humidity will both show a downward trend, and it will also affect the moisture of the soil, especially in coastal areas with large winds and waves, which is not conducive to plant growth and the landscape effect is also poor. Therefore, the present application sets a reasonable planting area on the seawall structure. By setting a specific spacing, the preferred spacing range can not only increase the light-receiving area of ​​the group and reduce the shading between plants, but also improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, make full use of light energy, improve the photosynthetic performance and photosynthetic efficiency of the group, promote the rapid growth of the plant group, effectively increase the coverage of vegetation, and construct a reasonable coastal plant group and canopy structure.

[0012] (2) The compound fertilizer including microbial agents applied in the present application can significantly improve the soil environment, increase the fertility of the soil by using garden compost as nutrients, and the microbial agents can also use the nutrients to reproduce in large quantities, promote the metabolism and turnover of nutrients in the soil, and also facilitate the reproduction and metabolism of more microorganisms, thereby improving the poor plant growth caused by long-term irrigation of seawater and soil salinization, thereby significantly improving the survival rate of plants and improving the growth conditions of plants.

[0013] (3) The present application utilizes the specificity of strains to compound Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus roxburghii and Pseudomonas roxburghii, which can effectively improve the soil environment, promote plant growth and increase plant resistance. It is worth noting that Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas roxburghii are isolated and screened from mangrove sediments, can actively grow and reproduce in a high-salt environment, and have the effect of promoting the growth of seawall plants and enhancing plant resistance.

[0014] (4) Under the conditions of specific plant spacing and reasonable fertilization, the mangrove plants in this application can quickly survive and cover the green, successfully constructing an ecological seawall vegetation landscape and forming an ecological system with complete form and relatively perfect functions.

[0015] Optionally, the carrier is seaweed extract, and the concentration of the seaweed extract in the microbial agent is 10 g / L to 30 g / L.

[0016] Optionally, the seaweed extract is disalgae polysaccharide and green seaweed protein peptide in a mass ratio of 4 to 6:1.

[0017] The preferred seaweed extract as a carrier of the composite bacteria can increase the organic matter in the soil, activate various microorganisms in the soil, enhance the biological effectiveness of the soil, form a harmonious ecosystem between plants and soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the internal pore space of the soil, and restore the natural colloid balance lost by the soil due to chemical pollution, thereby stimulating the activity of soil organisms, increasing the release of fast-acting nutrients, promoting the growth of plant roots, and improving the stress resistance of plants, thereby significantly improving the survival rate of plants.

[0018] Optionally, the deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC NO.8478.

[0019] The above-mentioned Bacillus mucilaginosus is disclosed in the patent application document with application number CN201410593441.7, and was deposited in the General Microbiology Center of China National Microbiological Culture Collection Administration on November 15, 2013.

[0020] The preferred Bacillus subtilis has the function of dissolving silicon, phosphorus and potassium, increases the nutritional elements of plants, can stimulate the growth of plants and resist the activities of harmful microorganisms.

[0021] Optionally, the deposit number of the Bacillus cereus is CCTCC NO:M2018679.

[0022] The above-mentioned Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus.MS2) has been disclosed in the patent application document with application number CN201811417761.1 and was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on October 15, 2018.

[0023] The preferred Bacillus cereus has salt tolerance and phosphate solubilization effects, can significantly improve the plant's ability to remove oxygen produced in the body caused by pathogens and adverse conditions, regulate the cell microbial environment, maintain normal physiological metabolism and biochemical reactions of cells, improve the plant's stress resistance, and promote plant growth.

[0024] Optionally, the deposit number of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is CGMCC NO.15848.

[0025] The above-mentioned Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is numbered WSWFJ-8, disclosed in the patent application document with application number CN201910247750.1, and was deposited in the General Microbiology Center of China National Microbiological Culture Collection Administration on June 4, 2018.

[0026] The preferred Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has a salt-dissolving function, which improves the growth quality of plants and avoids the occurrence of salt return in the later stage. At the same time, it can effectively inhibit pathogens and improve the survival rate of plants.

[0027] Optionally, the deposit number of the Pseudomonas rhodesiae is CCTCC NO:M2021331.

[0028] Pseudomonas rhodesiae has been disclosed in the patent application document with application number CN202110449445.8 and was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on April 6, 2021.

[0029] The preferred Pseudomonas rhodesiae has a longer-term excellent prevention and control ability against various plant diseases, significantly improves the survival rate of plants, and promotes plant growth.

[0030] The preferred composite bacteria have the advantages of solubilizing salt, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, and disease resistance. They can significantly improve the soil environment, promote rapid plant growth, increase plant resistance, and achieve the purpose of rapid greening. At the same time, they can also avoid poor growth of planted trees, yellow leaves, and dead trees.

[0031] Optionally, the application amount of the fertilizer is 30 to 50 kg / mu.

[0032] Optionally, the irrigation water source is seawater, and the watering frequency of the second planting area is 1 to 2 times per day, and the watering frequency of the third planting area is 3 to 4 days per day.

[0033] Since the first planting area is often flooded with sea water, that is, the plants in the first planting area are often flooded with sea water, no additional irrigation is required.

[0034] The water sources for the second and third planting areas are both seawater. The second planting area is irrigated 1-2 times a day, and the third planting area is irrigated once every 3-4 days on average.

[0035] The optimal fertilizer application rate and irrigation frequency significantly improve the survival rate of plants and are conducive to rapid growth of plants.

[0036] Optionally, the effective viable count of the microbial agent is ≥ 500 million / mL.

[0037] Optionally, the tree planting bag is also filled with matrix soil, which is located above the fertilizer, and includes matrix soil of pond mud, peat soil and sea sand in a mass ratio of 4-6:1.5-2.5:2.5-3.5.

[0038] The above-mentioned embankment foot platform is composed of prefabricated hollow concrete wave-breaking blocks, and tree planting bags are placed in the hollow concrete wave-breaking blocks, such as Figure 1 The tree planting bag is a geotextile bag. Seawall plants are planted in the tree planting bag without removing the nutrient bag during planting. The tree planting bag is then filled with the above-mentioned matrix soil, and the tung tree or Kandelia candel is fixed with a bamboo pole to prevent the matrix soil from being lost.

[0039] The above-mentioned seawall slope protection structure is composed of a number of strip-shaped grooves, in which tree planting bags are placed, such as Figure 2 As shown, a hole is drilled at the groove below the tree planting bag so that the plant can reach the soil layer through the hole. In addition, the preferred matrix soil can also improve the survival rate of mangroves and promote better growth of plant seedlings.

[0040] Optionally, a concrete pier is arranged outside the embankment foot platform, and a protective net is arranged 1m to 3m outside the concrete pier, and the first planting area is located on the embankment foot platform inside the concrete pier.

[0041] The above-mentioned concrete pier is arranged on the outside of the embankment foot platform facing the sea and can be used for wave breaking. The above-mentioned protective net can prevent garbage from drifting in and prevent garbage from entangled with seedlings and causing mechanical damage to the seedlings, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of plants in the first planting area.

[0042] Optionally, the first planting area is located on the embankment foot platform.

[0043] Optionally, the second planting area is located between the mean sea level and the highest tide level.

[0044] Optionally, the third planting area is located above the highest tide level to the top of the seawall slope protection structure.

[0045] This application comprehensively considers the growth environment of seawall plants, such as the impact of strong winds, typhoons, waves and other factors on the survival rate and growth conditions of plants, sets up reasonable planting areas, and clarifies the planting locations of mangrove plants, thereby effectively improving the survival rate of mangroves.

[0046] Optionally, Tung trees or Kandelia candel are planted in the first planting area.

[0047] Optionally, the second planting area is planted with fern or sea lotus.

[0048] Optionally, at least one of seaside evening primrose, broad-bract chrysanthemum or simple-leaved vitex is planted in the third planting area.

[0049] The plant height of the Tung tree or Kandelia candel is 80cm-100cm, and the crown width is 40cm-60cm; the plant height of the Halostachys chinensis is 30cm-50cm, and the crown width is 30cm-40cm; the plant height of the Sea Lotus is 50cm-60cm, and the crown width is 30cm-40cm; the plant height of the seaside evening primrose is 15cm-20cm, and the crown width is 15cm-20cm; the plant height of the Broad-bracted Chrysanthemum is 30cm-40cm, and the crown width is 25cm-35cm; the plant height of the Single-leaf Vitex is 30cm-50cm, and the crown width is 20cm-30cm.

[0050] This application plants specific types of mangrove plants in specific planting areas, completes the greening transformation of hardened slopes in the shortest time, significantly improves the survival rate of seedlings, while also improving the growth quality of seedlings and preventing the occurrence of salt return in the matrix soil in the later stage, providing a strong guarantee for the rapid greening of seawall vegetation.

[0051] Optionally, the biochar is composed of sawdust, tobacco stems, coconut bran and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2.

[0052] Optionally, the method for preparing biochar comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1, crushing the sawdust, tobacco stems, coconut bran and bagasse through a 80-120 mesh sieve to obtain a mixed powder;

[0054] S2, mixing the mixed powder and the zinc sulfate solution evenly, immersing for 1h to 2h, and drying to obtain a mixed material; wherein the mass concentration of the zinc sulfate solution is 60wt% to 70wt%, and the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the zinc sulfate solution is 1 to 2:4 to 7;

[0055] S3, cracking the mixture at 500°C to 650°C for 2 to 3 hours, cooling, washing, and obtaining the biochar.

[0056] The preferred components and the biochar obtained in the preparation process significantly improve the soil structure and pore characteristics, reduce soil bulk density, improve water holding properties, and inhibit capillary activity, thereby promoting soil salt leaching and inhibiting salt accumulation, and reducing salt-alkali barriers.

[0057] Optionally, the pH value of the above-mentioned garden compost is 8-9, and the basic indicators meet the following requirements: total nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content) ≥4wt%, total nitrogen ≥2wt%, total phosphorus ≥1wt%, total potassium ≥1wt%, and organic matter ≥70wt%.

[0058] The preferred biomass charcoal and garden compost can increase the content of soil organic matter, reduce soil viscosity, increase soil aggregate structure, improve water holding properties, and increase the effectiveness of ions in the soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0060] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a dike foot platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a seawall slope protection structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a planting area provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Among them, 1. groove, 2. tree planting bag, 3. seawall prism, 4. first planting area, 5. second planting area, 6. third planting area, 7. concrete pier, 8. protective net, 9. highest tide level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0065] In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, further examples are given below.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: Reference Figures 1 to 3 , concrete piers and protective nets are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the embankment foot platform, and a first planting area is arranged on the embankment foot platform inside the concrete pier; a second planting area and a third planting area are sequentially arranged on the seawall slope protection structure in the direction from sea to land, wherein the second planting area is located from the average sea level to the highest tidal level, and the third planting area is located above the highest tidal level to the top of the seawall slope protection structure;

[0069] Step 2, respectively placing tree planting bags in the first planting area, the second planting area and the third planting area, the tree planting bags are filled with fertilizer, and the substrate soil of pond mud, peat soil and sea sand in a ratio of 4:2.5:3.5 is filled above the fertilizer, and then autumn candel is planted in the tree planting bags in the first planting area, and autumn candel is fixed with bamboo poles, and the surface of the tree planting bags is covered with a double layer of geotextile to prevent the loss of substrate soil; the tree planting bags in the second planting area are planted with hawthorn, with a spacing of 35 cm; the tree planting bags in the third planting area are planted with single-leaf vitex, with a spacing of 30 cm; the fertilizer includes the following components in the following mass percentages: 18% microbial agent, 20% biochar and 52% garden compost, wherein the microbial agent comprises seaweed extract and composite bacteria, the composite bacteria is a mixture of Bacillus colloids, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas rhodesii in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:0.5, wherein the effective viable bacteria count in the microbial agent is 1 billion / mL, and the concentration of the seaweed extract is 20g / L; the application amount of the fertilizer is 50kg / mu;

[0070] The plant height of the above-mentioned Kandelia candel is about 90 cm, and the crown width is 45-50 cm. The plant height of the above-mentioned Halobium ferns is about 30 cm, and the crown width is 30-35 cm. The plant height of the above-mentioned Vitex unifolia is about 40 cm, and the crown width is 25-30 cm.

[0071] Step three, irrigating and maintaining the plants; the irrigation is achieved through an automatic irrigation system, the second planting area is watered twice a day, and the third planting area is watered once every four days on average.

[0072] Half a year after planting, the growth of plants in the area was investigated and the survival rate and coverage rate of the plants were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the growth of Kandelia ovata plants in the first planting area was relatively general due to periodic seawater erosion, with a survival rate of about 87.7%; the plants in the second and third planting areas grew better, with lush leaves, and survival rates of 95% and 96.8% respectively, and coverage rates of 100% and 96% respectively.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0075] Step 1: Reference Figures 1 to 3 , concrete piers and protective nets are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the embankment foot platform, and a first planting area is arranged on the embankment foot platform inside the concrete pier; a second planting area and a third planting area are sequentially arranged on the seawall slope protection structure in the direction from sea to land, wherein the second planting area is located from the average sea level to the highest tidal level, and the third planting area is located above the highest tidal level to the top of the seawall slope protection structure;

[0076] Step 2: Place tree planting bags in the first planting area, the second planting area and the third planting area respectively, the tree planting bags are filled with fertilizer, and the substrate soil of pond mud, peat soil and sea sand in the ratio of 4:2.5:3.5 is filled on top of the fertilizer, and then Kandelia candel is planted in the tree planting bags in the first planting area, Kandelia candel is fixed with bamboo poles, and the surface of the tree planting bags is covered with a double layer of geotextile to prevent the loss of substrate soil; Sea lotus is planted in the tree planting bags in the second planting area, with a plant spacing of 40 cm; Broad-bracted chrysanthemum is planted in the tree planting bags in the third planting area, with a plant spacing of 30cm; the fertilizer includes the following components in percentage by mass: 15% microbial agent, 25% biochar and 60% garden compost, wherein the microbial agent includes seaweed extract and composite bacteria, the composite bacteria is a mixture of Bacillus colloids, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas rhodesii in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:0.5, wherein the effective viable bacteria count in the microbial agent is 800 million / mL; the concentration of the seaweed extract is 10g / L, and the application amount of the fertilizer is 30kg / mu;

[0077] The plant height of the above-mentioned Kandelia candel is about 1m, and the crown width is 50-60cm; the plant height of the above-mentioned sea lotus is about 50cm, and the crown width is 35-40cm; the plant height of the above-mentioned broad-bracted chrysanthemum is about 35cm, and the crown width is 25-30cm;

[0078] Step three, irrigating and maintaining the plants, wherein the irrigation is achieved through an automatic irrigation system, the second planting area is watered twice a day, and the third planting area is watered once every four days on average.

[0079] Half a year after planting, the plant growth in the area was investigated and the survival rate and coverage rate of the plants were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the growth of Kandelia ovata in the first planting area was average, with a survival rate of about 80%; the plants in the second and third planting areas grew vigorously, with dense leaves, with survival rates of 91.6% and 93.5% respectively, and coverage rates of 84.9% and 80% respectively.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0082] Step 1: Reference Figures 1 to 3 , a protective net is set on the outside of the embankment foot platform, and a first planting area is set on the embankment foot platform inside the protective net; a second planting area and a third planting area are sequentially set on the seawall slope protection structure in the direction from sea to land, wherein the second planting area is located from the average sea level to the highest tidal level, and the third planting area is located above the highest tidal level to the top of the seawall slope protection structure;

[0083] Step 2: Place tree planting bags in the first planting area, the second planting area and the third planting area respectively, the tree planting bags are filled with fertilizer, and the substrate soil of pond mud, peat soil and sea sand in a ratio of 5:2:3 is filled on top of the fertilizer, and then plant tung trees in the tree planting bags in the first planting area, fix the tung trees with bamboo poles, and cover the surface of the tree planting bags with a double layer of geotextile to prevent the loss of substrate soil; plant halogen ferns in the tree planting bags in the second planting area, with a plant spacing of 40 cm; plant seaside evening primrose in the tree planting bags in the third planting area, with a plant spacing of 20 cm; the fertilizer includes the following components in percentage by mass: 20% microbial agent, 30% biochar and 50% garden compost, wherein the microbial agent includes seaweed extract and composite bacteria, the composite bacteria is a mixture of Bacillus colloids, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas rhodesii in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:3:0.8, wherein the effective number of live bacteria in the microbial agent is 500 million / mL; the concentration of the seaweed extract is 30g / L; the application amount of the fertilizer is 30kg / mu;

[0084] The plant height of the above-mentioned Paulownia tree is about 80 cm, and the crown width is 45-50 cm. The plant height of the above-mentioned fern is about 40 cm, and the crown width is 35-40 cm. The plant height of the above-mentioned evening primrose is about 15 cm, and the crown width is 17-20 cm.

[0085] Step three, irrigating and maintaining the plants, wherein the irrigation is achieved through an automatic irrigation system, the second planting area is watered once a day, and the third planting area is watered once every three days on average.

[0086] Half a year after planting, the growth of plants in the area was investigated and the survival rate and coverage rate of the plants were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the growth of the tung trees in the first planting area was relatively general due to periodic seawater erosion, with a survival rate of about 86%; the plants in the second and third planting areas grew better, with dense leaves, and the survival rates were 92% and 95.5% respectively, and the coverage rates were 93.7% and 82% respectively.

[0087] The deposit number of the Bacillus mucilaginosus used in the above Examples 1 to 3 is CGMCC NO.8478; the deposit number of the Bacillus cereus used is CCTCC NO:M2018679; the deposit number of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens used is CGMCC NO.15848, and the deposit number of the Pseudomonas rhodesii used is CCTCC NO:M2021331.

[0088] The biomass charcoal used in Examples 1 to 3 is composed of sawdust, tobacco stems, coconut chaff and bagasse in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0089] S1, crushing the sawdust, tobacco stems, coconut bran and bagasse through a 80-120 mesh sieve to obtain a mixed powder;

[0090] S2, mixing the mixed powder and the zinc sulfate solution evenly, immersing for 2 hours, and drying to obtain a mixed material; wherein the mass concentration of the zinc sulfate solution is 65%, and the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the zinc sulfate solution is 2:5;

[0091] S3, cracking the mixture at 600°C for 3h, taking it out when the furnace temperature is lower than 150°C, and repeatedly washing with acid and water for 3 to 5 times after cooling until no residual acid is left, thereby obtaining the biomass charcoal.

[0092] In order to better illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, a further comparison is made below through comparative examples and embodiments of the present invention.

[0093] Example 4

[0094] This embodiment provides a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation. The Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas rhodesiae used are all commercially available. The other conditions are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described in detail.

[0095] Half a year after planting, the plant growth in the area was investigated and the survival rate and coverage rate of the plants were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the growth of Kandelia ovata in the first planting area was average, with a survival rate of about 80%; the growth of plants in the second and third planting areas was better, with survival rates of 86% and 88% respectively, and coverage rates of 89.3% and 79% respectively.

[0096] Comparative Example 1

[0097] This comparative example provides a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, in which the plant spacing in the second planting area is adjusted to 50 cm, and the plant spacing in the third planting area is adjusted to 40 cm. The remaining conditions are consistent with those in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0098] Half a year after planting, the plant growth in the area was investigated and the survival rate and coverage rate of the plants were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the growth of Kandelia ovata in the first planting area was relatively general, and the survival rate was similar to that in Example 1; the growth of plants in the second and third planting areas was poor, as shown by thin plant branches, with survival rates of 83% and 85%, and coverage rates of 68.1% and 50%, respectively.

[0099] Comparative Example 2

[0100] This comparative example provides a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, wherein the plant spacing in the second planting area is adjusted to 20 cm, and the plant spacing in the third planting area is adjusted to 15 cm. The remaining conditions are consistent with those in Example 1 and will not be repeated herein.

[0101] Half a year after planting, the plant growth in the area was investigated and the survival rate and coverage rate of the plants were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the growth of Kandelia ovata in the first planting area was relatively general, and the survival rate was similar to that in Example 1; but the growth of plants in the second and third planting areas was poor, as shown by thin branches and yellowing of some leaves. The survival rates were 79% and 81%, respectively, and the coverage rates were 73.5% and 76%, respectively.

[0102] Comparative Example 3

[0103] This comparative example provides a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, wherein the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Example 1 is replaced by Bacillus subtilis, and the remaining conditions are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described in detail.

[0104] After half a year of planting, the plant growth in the area was investigated and the survival rate and coverage rate of the plants were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the survival rate of Kandelia candel in the first planting area was about 72.9%; the survival rates of the plants in the second and third planting areas were 78% and 80%, respectively, and the coverage rates were 78.5% and 72%, respectively. It can be seen that the survival rate is significantly lower than that in Examples 1 to 4, and the growth of the plants is not as good as that in Examples 1 to 4.

[0105] Comparative Example 4

[0106] This comparative example provides a method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, wherein the Kandelia ovata in the first planting area in Example 1 is replaced with Bruguiera gymnorrhiza of the same specifications, the Halona serrata in the second planting area is replaced with Acanthus sphaerocephala of the same specifications, and the Vitex simplicifolia in the third planting area is replaced with Pittosporum tobira of the same specifications. The remaining conditions are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0107] Half a year after planting, the plant growth in the area was investigated and the survival rate and coverage rate of the plants were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the survival rate of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in the first planting area was about 32%; the survival rates of the plants in the second and third planting areas were 56.7% and 62% respectively, and the coverage rates of the plants in the second and third planting areas were 50% and 59% respectively. It can be seen that the survival rate and coverage rate of Comparative Example 4 are significantly lower than those of Examples 1 to 4.

[0108] Therefore, adopting a specific plant spacing (L) to satisfy (A+B)≤L≤(A+B)×1.2 can significantly improve the growth conditions of the plant population. Using specific microbial agents can promote rapid plant growth, increase plant resistance, and achieve the purpose of rapid greening.

[0109] As long as the plant spacing, plant species, proportion of composite bacteria, proportion of each component in the fertilizer, concentration of seaweed extract, proportion of each component in the matrix soil, composition and preparation method of biochar are all within the preferred range of the present application, the plants planted therein achieve basically the same effect as in Examples 1 to 4.

[0110] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent substitution or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation, characterized in that: The construction method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Set up the first planting area on the embankment foot platform; set up the second planting area and the third planting area on the seawall slope protection structure in the direction from sea to land; Step 2: Place tree planting bags in the first planting area, the second planting area and the third planting area respectively, the tree planting bags are filled with fertilizer, and then plant mangrove plants in the tree planting bags, the plant spacing in the second planting area and the third planting area is (A+B)~(A+B)×1.2, wherein A+B is the sum of the crown radii of adjacent plants; the fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15%~20% of microbial agent, 20%~30% of biochar and 50%~60% of garden compost, wherein the microbial agent comprises a carrier and a composite bacteria, and the composite bacteria is a mixture of Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas rosea in a mass ratio of 1~2:1~2:2~4:0.5~1; Step 3, irrigating and maintaining the plants; Tung trees or Kandelia candel are planted in the first planting area; The second planting area is planted with halogen fern or sea lotus; At least one of seaside evening primrose, broad-bract chrysanthemum or simple-leaved vitex is planted in the third planting area; The embankment foot platform is composed of prefabricated hollow concrete wave-breaking blocks, and a concrete pier is arranged outside the embankment foot platform; The seawall slope protection structure is composed of a number of strip-shaped grooves; The carrier is seaweed extract, and the concentration of the seaweed extract in the microbial agent is 10 g / L to 30 g / L; The seaweed extract is bisabolol polysaccharide and green seaweed protein peptide in a mass ratio of 4 to 6:1; The biomass charcoal is composed of sawdust, tobacco stems, coconut bran and sugarcane bagasse in a mass ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.

2.

2. The method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the fertilizer is 30-50 kg / mu; and / or The irrigation water source is seawater, and the watering frequency of the second planting area is 1 to 2 times per day, and the watering frequency of the third planting area is 3 to 4 days per time.

3. The method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective viable count of the microbial agent is ≥ 500 million / mL; and / or The tree planting bag is also filled with matrix soil, which is located above the fertilizer and includes pond mud, peat soil and sea sand in a mass ratio of 4-6:1.5-2.5:2.5-3.

5.

4. The method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective net is provided 1m to 3m outside the concrete pier, and the first planting area is located inside the concrete pier; and / or The second planting area is located between mean sea level and the highest tidal level; and / or The third planting area is located above the highest tide level to the top of the seawall slope protection structure.

5. The method for constructing hardened seawall vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing biochar comprises the following steps: S1, crushing the sawdust, tobacco stems, coconut bran and bagasse through a 80-120 mesh sieve to obtain a mixed powder; S2, mixing the mixed powder and the zinc sulfate solution uniformly, immersing for 1h~2h, and drying to obtain a mixed material; wherein the concentration of the zinc sulfate solution is 60wt%~70wt%, and the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the zinc sulfate solution is 1~2:4~7; S3, cracking the mixture at 500°C-650°C for 2-3h, cooling, washing, and obtaining the biochar.

Images