Heating mechanism, heating system, heat storage device, and heat storage system

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating mechanism for heating a gas flow, comprising two electrical connection elements (43, 44) for connection to an electrical power supply and at least one heating plate unit (39A, 39B, 39C, 39D, 39E) having an inflow side and an outflow side, the heating plate unit comprising a plurality of heating plate strips (45, 46) which are located in the gas flow and each have a first end region and a second end region, wherein adjacent heating plate strips (45, 46) are connected to one another in the first end region and the second end region by means of an electrically conductive spacer structure (47), respectively.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a heating mechanism for heating a gas stream, a heating system for a gas stream, a heat storage device and a heat storage system having such a heat storage device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Heat storage devices are used in practice for storing thermal energy, which can be provided, for example, to a power plant when required. A known heat storage device comprises a storage chamber in which heat storage means are arranged in the form of bulk material or in the form of form bricks, which are traversed in order to be charged with hot air. The hot air is heated beforehand, for example by means of an electrically driven heating device, to a temperature. For this purpose, excess electrical energy can be used. The efficiency of such a heating mechanism has hitherto not met the highest requirements. For discharging, that is to say for the removal of heat, the heat storage means are traversed by warm air or ambient air, which is heated in the heat storage means and supplied in heated form to a consumer, for example a steam generator of a turbine. SUMMARY

[0003] It is the object underlying the invention to provide a heating mechanism for heating a gas stream having a high heating power, a heating system for a gas stream which can be applied in an advantageous manner to a heat storage device, a heat storage device having an effective hot air traversal and a heat storage system having such a heat storage device.

[0004] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a heating mechanism having the features of claim 1, a heating system having the features of claim 10, a heat storage device having the features of claim 30 and a heat storage system having the features of claim 44.

[0005] According to the invention, a heating mechanism for heating a gas stream is provided, which comprises two electrical connection elements for connection to an electrical power source and at least one heating plate unit having an inflow side and an outflow side, which heating plate unit comprises a plurality of heating plate strips, which heating plate strips are located in the gas stream and each have a first end region and a second end region, wherein adjacent heating plate strips are connected to one another in the first end region and in the second end region by means of an electrically conductive spacer structure.

[0006] The heating mechanism according to the invention thus comprises a plurality of heating plate strips, which are arranged side by side or stacked and are coupled to one another at their end regions, more precisely by means of an electrically conductive spacer structure, in order to realize a heating plate unit or a heating plate group. The heating plate strips of a heating plate group are connected in parallel in an electrical sense.

[0007] The term "heating strip" should be understood in its entire width and includes not only long metal plates but also long conductive ceramic layers interconnected at their ends by conductive spacer structures.

[0008] The heating plates of the heating plate unit provide a large surface area for heat transfer between the heating mechanism and the airflow. This results in a large total cross-section for flow, where low flow resistance and high flow velocity are possible due to the heating plates being oriented parallel to the airflow direction. Therefore, technically advantageously low material temperatures are achieved on the plates during operation while maintaining high heating power.

[0009] In a specific embodiment of the heating mechanism according to the invention, the heating strips of the heating plate unit are alternately constructed and are flat. The structured heating strips, in particular, have corrugated portions and together with the flat heating strips form a honeycomb structure through which airflow can pass. It is also conceivable that the heating plate unit comprises only corrugated heating strips or only flat heating strips.

[0010] Furthermore, if the corrugated heating strips are supported by their crests on at least one adjacent flat heating strip, it is advantageous for the inherent stability of the heating plate unit.

[0011] Heating strips can have a smooth or finely structured surface.

[0012] In a particular embodiment, the spacer structure of the heating mechanism according to the invention includes so-called liners arranged between adjacent heating strips and connecting these heating strips to each other. These liners are used such that at least these flat heating strips have a parallel orientation to each other; they thus form spacers that keep the end regions of adjacent heating strips apart.

[0013] To ensure that the end regions of the structured, and particularly corrugated, heating strips are also oriented parallel to the end regions of the flat heating strips, these liners have a thickness substantially corresponding to the amplitude of the corrugation. The connection between the heating strips and the liners can be established according to conventional connection methods; for example, the heating strips and liners are welded, brazed, and / or riveted to each other in the two end regions, respectively.

[0014] A preferred embodiment of the heating mechanism according to the invention can provide a large flow cross-section. This embodiment includes at least two heating plate units with electrically insulating partition walls arranged between these heating plate units, the partition walls preferably being formed of ceramic. Preferably, more than two, for example six, heating plate units are also provided, which can be connected in series in a zigzag manner.

[0015] The two heating plate units are preferably connected in series, but they can also be connected in parallel. Furthermore, the two heating plate units are preferably connected to each other by a contact plate, which rests, particularly on the end side, against the connected heating plate units.

[0016] The contact plate that connects the two parallel stacked heating plates to each other is preferably welded or brazed to the stacked heating plates.

[0017] The heating plate units arranged side-by-side in the heating mechanism are, in particular, structurally identical, substantially rectangular components, arranged in a zigzag pattern. The heating plate units may also be slightly bent in one direction to allow for controlled absorption of thermal expansion. Thus, the entire structure has a base surface that is at least approximately rectangular, with one side slightly bent inwards and the other side slightly bent outwards.

[0018] Electrically insulating partitions are formed, in particular, of high-temperature resistant ceramic materials. For example, such partitions consist of fiber-reinforced ceramic or ceramic fabrics, wherein the partitions are constructed in the form of plates or perforated plates.

[0019] In a particular embodiment, the partition wall is made of a material that is ceramic with a cordierite matrix.

[0020] The partition wall is used to ensure a tortuous flow path through the heating plate units connected in series.

[0021] The connector elements of the heating mechanism according to the invention are preferably also made of conductive plates or sheets. In particular, in this case, the connector elements can be aligned with the contact plates that connect the two heating plate units to each other.

[0022] The heating mechanism according to the invention can be connected to a DC voltage source or an AC voltage source, and can operate, for example, in a small, low or medium voltage range, at AC power from 110V to 10kV or DC power from 12V to 1.5kV.

[0023] According to claim 10, the subject matter of the invention further includes a heating system for an airflow, the heating system comprising an inflow side and an outflow side and a heating device, the heating device having at least one heating unit, the heating unit comprising a heating mechanism and at least one support element, the heating mechanism having an inflow base surface oriented perpendicularly to the airflow, the heating mechanism being arranged on the support element and the support element being permeable to the airflow such that the airflow can flow into the inflow base surface of the heating mechanism, or the airflow can flow from the heating mechanism through the support element.

[0024] According to the present invention, the heating system includes at least one heating unit, which includes a heating mechanism and at least one support element, the heating mechanism being disposed on the support element. The heating mechanism defines a flow cross-section of an airflow with its base surface, the airflow being heated by the heating mechanism. The support element serves as a support for the heating mechanism.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the heating system according to the invention, the support element of the heating unit is made of an electrically insulating, heat-resistant, and particularly ceramic material. This material is configured to allow airflow. For example, the support element forming the retaining matrix is ​​made of ceramic molded bricks with a honeycomb structure, ceramic rods, plates, perforated plates, or other components with unobstructed structures. In particular, fiber-reinforced ceramics can be used to manufacture the support element. Combinations of different materials can also be considered to manufacture the support element.

[0026] In a specific embodiment of the heating system according to the invention, the support element is made of honeycomb ceramic, which is made of a cordierite matrix. The honeycomb preferably has a square or rectangular cross-section in the flow direction.

[0027] The support element preferably has a support surface for the heating mechanism, which corresponds to the inflow base surface of the heating mechanism.

[0028] In order to prevent unwanted bypass flow, in a preferred embodiment the support element is provided with sidewalls that define the heating mechanism on the side and are constructed to be airtight at least in the lateral direction.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment of the heating system according to the invention, these sidewalls are constructed as a single piece with the support element. However, it is also conceivable that the sidewalls are separate components placed on the base plate of the support element.

[0030] In a heating system that provides a large flow cross-section, multiple heating units are advantageously arranged side-by-side within the heating device. The heating device then includes multiple support elements and multiple heating mechanisms, which are arranged side-by-side and electrically connected to each other as intended, for example, in series or in parallel.

[0031] Furthermore, an advantageous embodiment of the heating system according to the invention has at least two layers of heating units arranged stacked on top of each other. Thus, a stacked heater is formed, and in another specific embodiment, the power of the stacked heater can be adapted to varying gas volume flow rates by selectively switching individual heating elements on and off, and in this stacked heater, large thermal heating power can be achieved even with a limited flow cross-section of the heating system.

[0032] In particular, heating devices constructed as stacked heaters can achieve very high air exhaust temperatures, up to 1000°C or higher.

[0033] When the heating units are stacked on top of each other, the sidewalls provided for the support elements also serve as spacers between the individual support elements.

[0034] The sidewalls, which can be constructed as a single piece with the support element, or as a separate ceramic component, or as a component implemented in other ways, provide a defined chamber for the heating mechanism, ensuring reliable positioning even when the heating mechanism is subjected to high-speed gas flow. In the stacked heater described above, the chamber for the heating mechanism is defined at the top by the immediately following heating unit or its support element. The uppermost layer of heating units can be defined by a flow-through cover plate forming the upper side of the heating device and is also preferably formed of at least one shaped brick. The shaped brick can have a square or rectangular base and a honeycomb structure, with the honeycomb structure particularly having square or hexagonal channel cross-sections. However, it is also conceivable that the cover plate consists of ceramic rods, ceramic plates, perforated plates, or other types of permeable components, particularly formed of fiber-reinforced ceramic.

[0035] To ensure that the heating device or the layers of the retaining matrix formed by the support elements are protected from unwanted relative displacement, it is advantageous to provide positioning portions on the contact surfaces between the support elements. These positioning portions are formed, for example, by protrusions that engage with recesses in adjacent support elements. For example, the protrusions are formed as ribs or projections, while the corresponding recesses are formed as recesses or grooves.

[0036] The sidewalls for supporting elements are preferably also airtight in the flow direction to prevent bypass flow other than the inflow base of the heating mechanism. For example, the sidewalls are sealed for this purpose using ceramic paper or the like.

[0037] In another specific embodiment, the heating system according to the invention includes a ceramic and / or metal support structure on which the heating device is arranged. For example, the support structure includes a grid on which the heating device is placed. It is also conceivable that the support structure includes at least one shaped brick, at least one refractory brick, and / or a ceramic or metal bulk material, preferably including at least one honeycomb brick. In any case, the support structure must be permeable to airflow.

[0038] To ensure uniform airflow across the free cross-section of the heating device, the support structure may include static and / or adjustable throttling elements. Static throttling elements are, for example, formed from orifice plates.

[0039] To shield the heating device from the environment, the heating system according to the invention preferably has a heating channel in which the heating device is arranged. The heating channel may have an inner insulating portion for outward thermal insulation, and the heating channel may in particular be formed by a tube or a rectangular channel.

[0040] In order to maintain the heating device, the receiving channel may have a lateral opening, which is closed by means of a removable cover element.

[0041] Furthermore, if the heating system according to the invention has throttling and / or shut-off mechanisms on the inlet and / or outlet sides, it can be advantageous for regulating airflow. The throttling and shut-off mechanisms are particularly formed by valves and / or gates. Airflow regulation can also be achieved alternatively or additionally by regulating the speed of the blower.

[0042] The heating mechanism of the heating system according to the present invention is preferably constructed according to the heating mechanism described in detail above.

[0043] Furthermore, the heating system according to the invention preferably has a temperature measuring element on the outlet side, by means of which the gas discharge temperature can also be adjusted. The temperature measuring element is preferably arranged in an electrically insulated manner at a minimum distance from the heating device, so that the temperature of the gas flow after it is discharged from the heating device can be measured with the smallest possible time difference.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature measuring element is a thermocouple or PT100 with a sheath, wherein its measuring tip is arranged at the center of a measuring channel arranged in the flow direction of the cover plate of the heating system. The measuring channel is circular, hexagonal, square, or rectangular, so that the temperature of the airflow can be determined without a relevant dead time. For example, the temperature measuring element is arranged in a horizontal hole in the cover plate. Alternatively or additionally, the temperature measuring element may also be arranged in the base plate of the support element.

[0045] The temperature of the airflow on the outlet side can be regulated in different ways. However, under constant electric heating power, preferably, the airflow through the heating device is suppressed or increased according to the deviation between the actual temperature measured at the outlet side and the rated temperature, by means of a throttling mechanism at the channel inlet and / or channel outlet, and / or adapted by changing the blower speed. This regulation method is particularly suitable for steady-state operation under constant heating power.

[0046] In unsteady operating conditions, such as during the heating process or when the inlet temperature of the gas flowing into the heating system changes, the electric heating power can be adjusted, for example by means of a thyristor control device or by connecting or disconnecting individual heating units or groups of heating units, to regulate the gas discharge temperature.

[0047] Furthermore, the heating system may include multiple heating devices of the type described above, each configured as a stacked heater. These heating devices may be arranged in parallel, sequentially, and / or overlapping. The power supply may be implemented using multiphase current, so that individual heating devices can be targeted for control and can be connected as needed.

[0048] The present invention also includes a heat storage device. This heat storage device comprises a container having an internal chamber containing a storage chamber, in which heat storage means for storing thermal energy are arranged. The container has a first opening and a second opening through which airflow can be introduced into the internal chamber and discharged from the internal chamber through the second opening. Furthermore, the heat storage device includes a heating chamber in which a heating system is arranged, the heating system being through which airflow can pass. The heating chamber is connected to the storage chamber for heat storage means through an open space within the internal chamber. Both the heating chamber and the storage chamber are located within the container.

[0049] In the heat storage device according to the invention, a heating system and a heat storage means are arranged in different regions of the internal chamber of the container. The heating system heats the airflow, and the heat storage means stores thermal energy. An open space is formed between the heating system and the heat storage means, or above these two units, through which the airflow heated by the heating system can flow to the heat storage means. The open space is a gas distribution chamber of the heat storage device, which ensures that the gas heated by the heating system flows uniformly through the entire cross-section of the heat storage means and transfers heat to the heat storage means.

[0050] The thermal storage device according to the invention can be used to effectively store excess electrical energy from highly fluctuating renewable energy sources, such as wind power or photovoltaic power generation equipment, or other connected power grids, as heat at high temperatures. Therefore, a stable power grid can be achieved. The heat stored in the thermal storage means of the thermal storage device can be converted into electricity at a later time point as needed via, for example, a steam process, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), or it can be transferred to other processes (industrial heating, drying, etc.). Furthermore, the thermal storage device can be used to continuously convert electrical energy into heat at high temperatures, regardless of the loading state of the thermal storage means, for example, to provide heat for industry.

[0051] In principle, the heat storage device according to the present invention is a thermal energy storage device that can release energy in the form of heat to the airflow simultaneously or at staggered times with respect to the conversion of electrical energy.

[0052] Since the heating system is arranged in the container without additional enclosure and insulation, the thermal inertia of the entire system can be minimized.

[0053] Furthermore, the heating chamber, specifically constructed as a heating channel (in which an electric heating system is arranged), forms a heat pipe that allows for the thermally advantageous arrangement of the necessary shut-off and throttling mechanisms at a low temperature location where the heat storage device exists, and which, by its arrangement within the container, produces almost no additional heat loss compared to heat pipes located externally.

[0054] In an advantageous embodiment of the heat storage device according to the invention, the heating chamber, in which an electric heating system is arranged, is separated from the containment chamber for the heat storage means by a partition wall. Thus, the heating chamber is arranged within a defined area of ​​the internal chamber of the container.

[0055] In order to allow the heat storage means to be effectively circulated by airflow, in a preferred embodiment of the heat storage device according to the invention, the heat storage means are arranged on a support structure. For example, the support structure is a grid structure, which is fixed to the wall of the container or supported on the bottom of the container in a table-like manner.

[0056] To facilitate airflow after the heat storage device is loaded, a distribution chamber is arranged below the support structure, which is connected to the warm air opening of the container. This warm air opening is specifically the container's second opening.

[0057] If the heat storage device according to the invention additionally has an unloading opening arranged above the heat storage means, a particularly efficient loading and unloading process can be achieved. For example, the unloading of the heat storage device occurs in such a way that warm airflow and / or ambient air (when the system is open) is introduced through a warm air opening and guided through the heat storage means. In this heat storage means, the warm airflow is heated and then discharged from the heat storage device as a hot airflow through the unloading opening.

[0058] In a specific embodiment of the heat storage device according to the invention, the heat storage means includes shaped bricks that are permeable by airflow and preferably form a wall composite. For example, the shaped bricks have honeycomb structures with vertical channels having square or hexagonal cross-sections.

[0059] In alternative implementations, the heat storage means may include, in addition to or in place of shaped bricks, bulk materials or similar materials composed of suitable materials.

[0060] In order to allow for the replacement or maintenance of the heating system, the heat storage device according to the invention, in a preferred embodiment, has a maintenance opening that is closed by means of a removable wall element.

[0061] The maintenance opening of the heat storage device preferably leads directly into the heating channel, where the electric heating system is arranged.

[0062] The heating channel in which the electric heating system is arranged preferably has a cross-section that is at least largely rectangular. The electric heating system can be easily assembled into this cross-section.

[0063] If the heating chamber, in which an electric heating system is installed, has an exhaust opening located at a height above the heat storage means, and the open space of the internal chamber is located above the heat storage means, then a particularly effective distribution of airflow across the cross-section of the heat storage means can be achieved.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the heat storage device according to the invention, the electric heating system arranged in the heating chamber includes a resistance heater, and in particular includes a heating system constructed with a support element and a heating unit according to the above-described heating system. Therefore, the heating system can be constructed by stacking heaters.

[0065] The invention also includes a thermal storage system comprising a thermal storage device of the type described above and a piping assembly connected to the thermal storage device. The piping assembly leads to a consumer, through which heat stored in the thermal storage device within the accumulator can be transferred as hot air. For example, the consumer is a heat exchanger (e.g., a steam generator) in a power plant, such that electricity can be generated by means of a turbine and a generator using the heat retained in the thermal storage device.

[0066] In order to guide airflow through the heat storage device, the heat storage system preferably has a blower, which is particularly adjustable in terms of speed and is arranged in the piping assembly.

[0067] Furthermore, the piping assembly preferably includes a loading loop connected to two openings of the heat storage device, allowing warm air to be introduced through the openings. In the heat storage device, the warm air is heated in a heating system and then unloaded in the heat storage means after flowing through the open space of the internal chamber, so that it can then flow out of the heat storage device again as warm air through the second opening.

[0068] The piping components preferably include valves and / or gates for controlling the airflow through the heat storage device.

[0069] Other advantages and advantageous designs of the subject matter of this invention can be seen from the description, drawings and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0070] Embodiments of the subject matter of the present invention are schematically simplified in the accompanying drawings and further elaborated in the following description. Examples shown are:

[0071] Figure 1 A schematic three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the heat storage device is shown;

[0072] Figure 2A top view shows the results according to Figure 1 The cross section;

[0073] Figure 3 It shows along Figure 2 The cross-section of the heat storage device taken by line III-III in the diagram;

[0074] Figure 4 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the heat storage device is shown;

[0075] Figure 5 A top view shows the results according to Figure 4 The cross section;

[0076] Figure 6 It shows along Figure 5 The line VI-VI in the middle is intercepted according to Figure 5 The cross-section of the heat storage device;

[0077] Figure 7 It shows according to Figures 1 to 6 The heating system of the heat storage device;

[0078] Figure 8 A three-dimensional view of a variation of the holding matrix of the heating system is shown;

[0079] Figure 9 It shows according to Figure 7 The heating unit of the heating system;

[0080] Figure 10 It shows Figure 9 A top view of a variant of the heating mechanism of a heating unit of the type shown;

[0081] Figure 11 It shows Figure 10 A magnified view of region XI in the image;

[0082] Figure 12 It shows Figure 9 A magnified view of region XII in the image;

[0083] Figure 13 A cross-section of an alternative implementation of the heat storage device during loading and operation is shown;

[0084] Figure 14 It shows according to Figure 13 The heat storage device is unloaded and put into operation;

[0085] Figure 15 It shows according to Figure 13 The heating operation of the heat storage device without a storage process;

[0086] Figure 16 It shows according to Figure 13The heat storage device operates with heating during the loading process;

[0087] Figure 17 It shows according to Figure 13 The heat storage device is accompanied by heating operation during the unloading process;

[0088] Figure 18 A schematic construction of a heat storage system with a consumer in loading mode is shown;

[0089] Figure 19 The following is shown in the uninstallation mode: Figure 18 Thermal storage systems; and

[0090] Figure 20 The heating mode is shown according to Figure 18 The heat storage system. Detailed Implementation

[0091] exist Figures 1 to 3 The diagram illustrates a thermal storage device 1, which can be used to efficiently store excess electrical energy from highly fluctuating renewable energy sources, such as wind power or photovoltaic power generation equipment, or from a connected power grid, as heat at a high temperature level, thereby stabilizing the grid. The stored heat can be converted into electricity as needed at a later time through a water-steam process, an ORC process, or a similar process, or it can be released indirectly as steam or directly as hot gas for other industrial or supply technology processes. Furthermore, the thermal storage device 1 can generate hot air at a high temperature level when using electrical energy, which can be used, for example, in associated power plant processes or industrial processes.

[0092] The heat storage device 1 includes a square container 2 in the broadest sense, in which an internal chamber 3 is constructed, which extends vertically between the top 4 and the bottom 5 of the container and horizontally between the four side walls 6.

[0093] The container 2 has a loading opening 7 on its side wall 6 near the bottom 5, an inflow / outflow opening 8 on another side wall 6 near the bottom 5, and an unloading opening 9 on the same side wall 6 adjacent to the top 4. The loading opening 7, the inflow / outflow opening 8, and the unloading opening 9 can be connected to the piping of the piping system.

[0094] Furthermore, on the side wall 6 with the loading opening 7, a maintenance opening 10 is constructed in the middle region in the vertical direction, which can be airtightly closed by means of a removable wall element 11.

[0095] The side wall 6, the top of the container 4, and the bottom of the container 5 are each provided with a high-temperature resistant insulating layer 12 on their inner sides.

[0096] The internal chamber 3 of container 2 has a substantially square dimension. Furthermore, a partition wall 13, substantially U-shaped in cross-section, is constructed within the internal chamber 3, standing upright on the container bottom 5 and having a vertical orientation. The partition wall 13 abuts the side wall 6, which has a maintenance opening 10, with its short legs.

[0097] Spaced apart from the container bottom 5 and above the loading opening 7 and the inflow / outflow opening 8, the internal chamber 3 is traversed by a grid structure 14, which is horizontally oriented and fixed to the side walls 6 and partition walls 13 and / or erected on the container bottom 5 via feet 22. The grid structure 14 forms a support structure or support configuration.

[0098] The partition wall 13 separates the storage chamber 15 of the internal chamber 3 from the heating chamber 16. The storage chamber 15 houses the heat storage means 17, which is composed of stacked ceramic bricks 18, each brick having a square bottom surface and a honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure forms fluid channels extending in the vertical or horizontal direction of the heat storage device 1.

[0099] In an alternative embodiment, the heat storage means 17 may also be composed of bulk material or the like.

[0100] The shaped brick 18 extends from the grid structure 14 to near the upper edge of the partition wall 13, and as from... Figure 3 As can be seen, the partition wall 13 is surrounded on three sides.

[0101] Heating chamber 16 forms a heating channel, which is bounded at the bottom by a grid structure 14. Stacked shaped bricks 19, serving as a support structure, are arranged on this heating channel. These shaped bricks also have a honeycomb structure and correspond to the shaped bricks 18 arranged in storage chamber 15. The stacked portion formed by the shaped bricks 19 has a structural height that is less than the structural height of the shaped bricks 18 in storage chamber 15. A heating device 20 is arranged on the shaped bricks 19. The heating device 20 is an electric heating mechanism and is connected to a power source via a connector 21, such as a wind power generation device, a photovoltaic power generation device, and / or a power grid. The upper side of the heating device 20 is substantially aligned with the upper side of the heat storage means 17 in storage chamber 15.

[0102] As mentioned above, the maintenance opening 10 can be closed by means of a removable wall element 11. The wall element 11 has an insulating plug on the inside.

[0103] The storage chamber 15 and the heating chamber 16 are connected to each other through the open space 24 of the internal chamber 3. This space 24 is arranged above the heating chamber 16 which is equipped with a heating system or above the storage chamber 15 which is filled with heat storage means 17 and forms a gas distribution chamber.

[0104] Gas distribution chamber 24 is located below heating chamber 16, i.e. below grid structure 14, through which gas can flow from loading opening 7 into heating chamber 16. Gas distribution chamber 25, connected to inflow / outflow opening 8, is located below storage chamber 15, where heat storage means 17 are arranged.

[0105] exist Figures 4 to 6 The diagram shows a heat storage device 1', which is an alternative embodiment and largely consistent with the one described above. Figures 1 to 3 It is compatible with the heat storage device, but with Figures 1 to 3 The difference in the heat storage device is that the container 2 includes a sidewall 6' on one side of the maintenance opening 10, which has an outwardly offset protrusion 23. It is thus possible to align the partition wall 13' that separates the heating chamber 16 of the inner chamber 3 from the storage chamber 15 with the inside of the sidewall 6'.

[0106] In other respects, the heat storage device 1' and according to Figures 1 to 3 The thermal storage device is designed to fit the ground cover structure, so please refer to the relevant description.

[0107] exist Figure 7 The heating device 20 of the heating system arranged in the heating chamber 16 of the aforementioned heat storage device is shown separately. The heating device 20 has two successive rows of six shaped bricks 26 arranged at the bottom side. These shaped bricks form a support structure and each has a honeycomb structure, with their honeycomb-formed channels allowing flow in the vertical direction. The shaped bricks 26 are ceramic shaped bricks made of cordierite matrix. Multiple layers 27 are arranged on the shaped bricks 26 (which have a substantially inverted U-shaped cross-section and an orifice plate 261 as a static throttling element at the bottom), each layer consisting of six heating units 28 arranged side-by-side in the present case. The heating device 20 is bounded at the top by layers of side-by-side shaped bricks 30 forming a cover plate 29. These shaped bricks also have a honeycomb structure, with their honeycomb-formed channels oriented vertically and allowing flow. Furthermore, the heating device 20 includes two connector contacts 31 and 32, which are connected to a power source or electrical grid.

[0108] Heating unit 28 is essentially composed of identical components and includes two support elements 33 and a heating mechanism 34. The support elements 33 are formed from ceramic molded bricks made of cordierite matrix and have a honeycomb structure. Individual honeycombs of the support elements 33 form vertically extending channels and each has a square bottom surface. Furthermore, each support element 33 has a substantially U-shaped cross-section, forming a base plate 35 and two side walls 36, whose boundaries are used to precisely accommodate the receiving space of the heating mechanism 34. On the lower side, the base plate 35 of the support elements 33 has rectangular recesses 37 in the lateral edge regions, and in the stacked state, the upper side of the corresponding side wall 36 of the lower support element 33 engages in these recesses. This ensures the precise positioning of the stacked support elements 33. Ribs on the upper side of the molded bricks 26 engage in the recesses 37 of the lowest layer of the heating unit 28.

[0109] exist Figure 9 In the variant shown, the sidewall 36 and base plate 35 of the support element 33 are manufactured as a single piece. Figure 8 In the variant shown, the sidewalls 36 are separate structural elements, each placed on the base plate. Furthermore, the side-by-side support elements each share a sidewall, meaning that the sidewall overlaps the adjacent base plate 35.

[0110] To prevent flow through the sidewall 36 and thus to prevent bypass airflow, a seal 38 is provided on its upper side, which is made of, for example, ceramic paper (see...). Figure 8 ).

[0111] The heating mechanism 34 of the heating unit 28 is implemented with essentially the same structure and each has an inflow base surface, which in the present case corresponds to the surface between the sidewalls 36 of the two successively arranged support elements 33. In the installation position, the heating mechanism 34 is placed on the base plate 35 of the two support elements 33. (See, particularly from...) Figures 9 to 11As is known, the heating mechanism 34 includes six heating plate units 39A, 39B, 39C, 39D, 39E, and 39F, which are connected in series. For this purpose, heating plate units 39A and 39B, 39B and 39C, 39C and 39D, 39D and 39E, and 39E and 39F are connected to each other via contact plates 40 arranged on their respective end sides of the heating mechanism 34. Separating walls 41 are arranged between adjacent heating plate units, these walls being made of electrically insulating material, such as ceramic, and also ensuring electrical insulation between the corresponding adjacent contact plates 40. Furthermore, the heating mechanism 34 includes side walls 42 that, in the installation position, abut or rest on the corresponding side walls 36 of the two associated support elements 33. The heating mechanism 34 has a first connector element 43 and a second connector element 44 for electrical contact, wherein connector elements 43 and 44 are each composed of a plate that is aligned with a contact plate 40 disposed on the corresponding end side of the heating mechanism 34. Connector element 43 is electrically connected to the end side of the heating plate unit 39A, while connector element 44 is electrically connected to the end side of the heating plate unit 39F.

[0112] Individual heating plate units 39A, 39B, 39C, 39D, 39E and 39F each include multiple heating plate strips 45 and 46.

[0113] exist Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment, corrugated heating strips 45 and flat heating strips 46 are arranged alternately in the stacking direction, wherein the corrugated heating strips 45 are supported on adjacent flat heating strips 46 by their crests. The corrugated heating strips 45 located on the outer side are also supported on the associated partition wall 41 or the associated side wall 42.

[0114] Heating strips 45 and 46 are oriented parallel to each other in their end regions and are connected to each other by spacer structures 47, which also establish contacts between the associated heating strip stacks and the connector elements 43 or 44 or the associated contact plates 40. The spacer structure 47 includes a liner 48 configured as a spacer element, which is disposed between the parallel-oriented end regions of the adjacent heating strips and welded or brazed to the end regions. The liner 48 has a thickness corresponding to the amplitude of the corrugated portion of the wavy heating strip 45.

[0115] A honeycomb structure is constructed by the corrugated portion of the heating slats 45, which provides a large inflow surface for the airflow passing through the heating mechanism 34.

[0116] In an alternative embodiment, multiple liner plates may be arranged between adjacent heating strips. Alternatively, the spacer structure may be a comb-like structure into which the end regions of the heating strips are inserted.

[0117] Furthermore, it should be pointed out that, Figure 9 and Figure 12 In the variant shown, only corrugated heating strips are provided in the stacked heating plates, and these heating strips are interconnected at their two end regions by conductive spacer structures made of liner plates or the like.

[0118] In principle, it is possible for the heating mechanisms of the heating unit to have different structural heights and / or different honeycomb channel shapes in different layers 27 of the heating device 20. In the embodiment currently shown, the heating mechanisms 34 of one layer 27 of the heating device 20 are connected in series via contact plates 49. Of course, it is also possible to connect them in parallel. Furthermore, in this embodiment, successive layers are connected in pairs in parallel via contact strips 50. In principle, the connection method of the heating mechanisms 34 can be arbitrarily selected as needed.

[0119] Thermocouples 51 are arranged in the transverse holes of the shaped brick 30 in the cover plate 29 so that the temperature of the airflow heated by the heating device 20 can be determined.

[0120] exist Figures 13 to 17 The image shows a heat storage device 60, which is largely consistent with the... Figures 1 to 3 This heat storage device conforms to, but differs from, it in that it does not include the aforementioned type of stacked heater in the heating chamber 16 forming the heating channel. More specifically, a resistance heating element 61, constructed of a heating spiral tube or similar, is embedded in the heating chamber 16 and is connected to the power grid via a junction area 62. In other respects, the heat storage device 60 conforms to, according to… Figures 1 to 3 The heat storage device is compatible, so please refer to the relevant description.

[0121] Corresponding to heat storage devices 1 and 1', heat storage device 60 can be switched to loading operation by means of a corresponding valve, in which an airflow consisting of warm air is introduced through loading opening 7. For example... Figure 13 It is understood that the airflow is guided upward in the heating chamber 16 and heated by the resistance heating element 61, and then guided through the heat storage means 17 constructed of the molded brick 19 through the gas distribution chamber 24 forming an open space. Thus, the molded brick 19 is loaded, i.e. heated. The airflow that is then cooled is discharged from the heat storage device 60 through the gas distribution chamber 25 and the inlet / outlet opening 8.

[0122] exist Figure 14During the unloading operation shown, an airflow consisting of warm air is introduced into the heat storage device through the inlet / outlet opening 8, and there it is guided upward through the gas distribution chamber 25 through the heat storage means 17 made of shaped bricks 19, where it is heated. After heating, the heated airflow is discharged from the heat storage device through the upper gas distribution chamber 24 and the unloading opening 9 for further use.

[0123] exist Figure 15 The diagram shows the heating operation of the heat storage device 60 without heat storage. In this operation, a warm airflow is introduced into the heat storage device through the loading opening 7 and heated in the heating chamber 16 by means of the resistance heating element 61, and then discharged from the heat storage device 60 as a hot airflow through the upper gas distribution chamber 24 and the unloading opening 9.

[0124] according to Figure 16 The described heat storage device 60 can also be operated such that a warm airflow is introduced into the heat storage device through the loading opening 7 and heated by means of the resistance heating element 61. The resulting hot airflow is divided in the upper gas distribution chamber 24 and is led out of the heat storage device 60 through the unloading opening 9 on the one hand, and guided through the heat storage means 17 formed by the molded brick 19 on the other hand, and then led out of the heat storage device through the lower gas distribution chamber 25 and the inlet / outlet opening 8.

[0125] exist Figure 17 In another operating mode shown, the heat storage device 60 can operate such that warm airflows are introduced through the loading opening 7 and the inlet / outlet opening 8, respectively. The airflow introduced through the loading opening 7 is guided vertically upward in the heating chamber 16 and heated by the resistance heating element 61, and then discharged through the upper gas distribution chamber 24 and the unloading opening 9. The warm airflow introduced through the inlet / outlet opening 8 is guided through the loaded heat storage means 17 and heated there by heat exchange, so that it is then discharged from the heat storage device through the upper gas distribution chamber 24 and the unloading opening 9, just like before.

[0126] Of course, the operating mode mentioned can also be used with the help of... Figures 1 to 6 The heat storage device is realized.

[0127] exist Figures 18 to 20 The image shows a thermal storage system 70, which has according to Figures 1 to 6 The embodiments shown or according to Figures 12 to 17The heat storage device 71 is constructed according to the embodiment shown. Furthermore, the heat storage system 70 includes a piping assembly 72 connected to a consumer 73, which can be configured, for example, as a steam generator in a power plant. The piping assembly 72 includes a pipe 74 connecting the unloading opening 9 of the heat storage device 71 to the inlet 75 of the consumer 73. The loading opening 7 of the heat storage device 71 is connected to a pipe 76 of the piping assembly 72, and the inflow / outflow opening 8 of the heat storage device 71 is connected to a pipe 77 of the piping assembly 72. The outlet 78 of the consumer 73 is connected to a pipe 79 leading to a blower 80, which is in turn connected to the loading opening 7 of the heat storage device 71 via pipe 76. Downstream of the blower 80, a branch pipe 81 branches off from pipe 76 and connects to pipe 77. Upstream of blower 80, branch pipe 82 branches off from pipe 79, and this branch pipe is also connected to pipe 77.

[0128] To enable the thermal storage system 70 to switch between different operating modes, a valve 83 is arranged in pipe 76, a valve 84 is arranged in branch pipe 81, a valve 85 is arranged in branch pipe 82, and a valve 86 is arranged upstream of a branch of branch pipe 82 in pipe 79. Other suitable shut-off devices, such as gate valves or similar devices, can of course be used instead of or in addition to these valves.

[0129] Furthermore, the heat storage device 71 is connected to a power source 87, which can be generated by the power grid, photovoltaic power generation equipment, or wind power generation equipment, and is equipped with a switch 88. In loading mode (where electrical energy is converted into heat and the heat is stored in the heat storage means 17 of the heat storage device 71), with the help of a blower 80 and the valve 83 open, warm airflow is introduced from below through the loading opening 7 into the heating chamber 16 of the heat storage device 71. The switch 88 is closed, causing the heater to operate and the airflow to be heated in the heating chamber 16. The heated airflow is guided through the upper gas distribution chamber 24 into the storage chamber 15, and then guided from top to bottom through the heat storage bed formed by the heat storage means 17, where heat is released and stored. Then, the warm airflow is discharged from the heat storage device 71 through the inlet / outlet opening 8 and guided to the blower 80 through the pipe 77 and branch pipe 82, so that it can then be delivered to the heat storage device 71 in the manner described above. Valves 84 and 86 are closed in this loading mode.

[0130] exist Figure 19In the unloading mode shown, valves 84 and 86 are open, and valves 83 and 85 are closed. Warm air is then introduced from below into the heat storage device 71 via branch pipes 81 and 77, and inlet / outlet openings 8, by means of blower 80, and is heated in the storage bed formed by the heat storage means 17. The resulting hot airflow is exited from above from the heat storage device 71 through unloading opening 9 and supplied to the consumer 73 via pipe 74. The consumer then releases warm air, which can be delivered back to the heat storage device 71 in the manner described above by means of blower 80.

[0131] exist Figure 20 In the simple heating mode shown, valves 84 and 85 are closed, while valves 83 and 86 are open. Warm air can then be introduced into the heating chamber 16 of the heat storage device 71 by means of blower 80 and heated there. The resulting hot airflow is discharged from the heat storage device 71 through unloading opening 9 and then supplied to the consumer 73 through pipe 74. The consumer 73 then releases a warm airflow, which is guided to blower 80 through pipe 79 and can be guided back into the heat storage device 71 in the manner described above.

[0132] An embodiment of the heat storage system not shown further may be constructed as a system that is at least partially open, wherein air exhausted from the consumer is released completely or partially into the environment. Thus, ambient air is drawn in in a corresponding amount on the suction side of the blower when the heat storage device is unloaded. In other respects, this embodiment may conform to the embodiments described above.

[0133] List of reference numerals

[0134] 1.1' Thermal storage device

[0135] 2 containers

[0136] 3 internal chambers

[0137] 4. Top of container

[0138] 5. Bottom of the container

[0139] 6. Sidewalls

[0140] 7 Loading opening

[0141] 8. Inflow / Outflow openings

[0142] 9. Unloading opening

[0143] 10 Maintenance openings

[0144] 11 Wall components

[0145] 12 Insulation layer

[0146] 13, 13' partition wall

[0147] 14. Grid structure

[0148] 15 storage chambers

[0149] 16 Heating Chamber

[0150] 17. Heat Storage Methods

[0151] Type 18 bricks

[0152] Type 19 bricks

[0153] 20 Heating device

[0154] 21 Connector

[0155] 22. Feet

[0156] 23. Protrusion

[0157] 24 Gas Distribution Room

[0158] 25 Gas Distribution Chamber

[0159] Type 26 bricks

[0160] 27th floor

[0161] 28 heating units

[0162] 29 Cover plate

[0163] Type 30 bricks

[0164] 31 Connector Contacts

[0165] 32 Connector Contacts

[0166] 33 Support elements

[0167] 34 Heating mechanism

[0168] 35 base plate

[0169] 36 Sidewalls

[0170] 37 Notch

[0171] 38 Seals

[0172] 39A, B, C, D, E, F heating plate units

[0173] 40 Contact plate

[0174] 41. Partition wall

[0175] 42 Sidewall

[0176] 43 Connector Components

[0177] 44 Connector Components

[0178] 45 Heating Plates

[0179] 46 heating plates

[0180] 47 Spacer Structure

[0181] 48 Lining Plate

[0182] 49 Contact Plate

[0183] 50 contact strip

[0184] 51 Thermocouple

[0185] 60 Thermal storage device

[0186] 61 Resistance heating element

[0187] 62 Connecting Area

[0188] 70 Thermal storage system

[0189] 71 Thermal storage device

[0190] 72 Piping Components

[0191] 73 Consumables

[0192] 74 Piping

[0193] 75 Entrance

[0194] 76 Piping

[0195] 77 Piping

[0196] 78 Exports

[0197] 79 Piping

[0198] 80 blower

[0199] 81 Branch Piping

[0200] 82 branch pipes

[0201] 83 valve

[0202] 84 valve

[0203] 85 valve

[0204] 86 valve

[0205] 87 Power Supply

[0206] 88 switches

[0207] 261 orifice plate

Claims

1. A heating mechanism for heating an airflow, comprising two electrical connector elements (43, 44) for connection to a power source and at least one heating plate unit (39A, 39B, 39C, 39D, 39E, 39F) having an inflow side and an outflow side, the heating plate unit comprising a plurality of heating strips (45, 46) located in the airflow and each having a first end region and a second end region, wherein, Adjacent heating strips (45, 46) are connected to each other in the first end region and the second end region respectively by conductive spacer structures (47), wherein the spacer structure (47) includes a liner (48) arranged between adjacent heating strips (45, 46) and connecting the heating strips to each other. The structured heating strips (45, 46) have a corrugated portion with an amplitude that corresponds to the thickness of the liner (48).

2. The heating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating plate strips (45, 46) of the heating plate units (39A, 39B, 39C, 39D, 39E, 39F) are alternately constructed and are flat.

3. The heating mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The structured heating strips (45, 46) have a corrugated portion and are supported on at least one adjacent flat heating strip with their crests.

4. The heating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive spacer structure (47) includes a comb-like structure that accommodates heating strips.

5. The heating mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heating strips (45, 46) and the liner (48) are welded, brazed or riveted to each other in the two end regions respectively.

6. The heating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least two heating plate units (39A, 39B, 39C, 39D, 39E, 39F) are provided with electrically insulating partition walls (41) between the heating plate units, the partition walls being formed of ceramic.

7. The heating mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, Two heating plate units (39A, 39B, 39C, 39D, 39E, 39F) are electrically connected to each other via a contact plate (40), wherein the contact plate (40) rests on the interconnected heating plate units (39A, 39B, 39C, 39D, 39E, 39F) at its end.

8. The heating mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connector elements (43, 44) are aligned with the contact plate (40).

9. A heating system for airflow, comprising an inflow side and an outflow side, and a heating device (20), the heating device comprising at least one heating unit (28), the at least one heating unit comprising a heating mechanism (34) and at least one support element (33), the heating mechanism having an inflow base surface oriented perpendicularly to the airflow, the heating mechanism (34) being arranged on the support element and the support element being permeable to the airflow, such that the airflow can flow into the inflow base surface of the heating mechanism (34) or the airflow can flow from the heating mechanism (34) through the support element (33), wherein, The support element (33) is made of electrically insulating, heat-resistant material; the support element (33) includes a molded brick in which a fluid channel leading to the heating mechanism (34) is constructed, or the support element is made of a ceramic rod, plate, or perforated plate; The heating mechanism is formed according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The support element (33) is made of ceramic material.

11. The heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The support element (33) has a support surface that corresponds to the inflow base surface of the heating mechanism (34).

12. The heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The support element (33) is provided with a sidewall (36) that defines the heating mechanism (34) on the side and is constructed to be airtight.

13. The heating system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The sidewall (36) and the support element (33) are constructed as a single piece.

14. The heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heating device (20) includes multiple heating units (28) arranged in parallel.

15. The heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heating device (20) includes multiple heating units (28) arranged stacked on top of each other.

16. The heating system according to claim 15, characterized in that, The stacked heating units (28) are prevented from relative displacement by means of a positioning fixing part.

17. The heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heating device (20) has a cover plate (29) through which airflow can pass, the cover plate forming the upper side of the heating device (20) and being formed of at least one shaped brick.

18. The heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heating device (20) is arranged on the supporting structure.

19. The heating system according to claim 18, characterized in that, The supporting structure includes a grid structure (14), and the heating device (20) is placed on the grid structure.

20. The heating system according to claim 18, characterized in that, The supporting structure includes at least one shaped brick and / or bulk material.

21. The heating system according to claim 18, characterized in that, The support structure includes at least one gas deflection channel.

22. The heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heating device (20) is arranged in the heating channel.

23. The heating system according to claim 22, characterized in that, The heating channel has an internal insulation part (12).

24. The heating system according to claim 22, characterized in that, The heating channel is formed by a tube or a rectangular channel.

25. The heating system according to claim 22, characterized in that, The heating channel has a lateral opening (10), which is closed by means of a removable wall element (11).

26. The heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that, A throttling mechanism and / or a shut-off mechanism are arranged on the inlet side and / or the outlet side.

27. A heat storage device comprising a container (2) having an internal chamber (3), the internal chamber having a storage chamber (15), wherein a heat storage means (17) for storing thermal energy is arranged in the storage chamber, wherein, The container (2) has a first opening (7) and a second opening (8), through which airflow can be introduced into the internal chamber and through which airflow can be discharged from the internal chamber (3), characterized in that it includes a heating chamber (16), in which an electric heating system is arranged, the heating system being through which airflow can pass, wherein the heating chamber (16) is connected to a storage chamber (15) for a heat storage means (17) through an open space of the internal chamber (3), wherein the open space is located above the heating chamber (16) containing the heating system and above the storage chamber (15) containing the heat storage means (17), and forms a gas distribution chamber, wherein a maintenance opening (10) is provided, the maintenance opening being closed by a removable wall element (11); the container includes an unloading opening (9) which is the third opening of the container, the unloading opening being arranged above the heat storage means (17); The heating system is formed according to the heating system described in claim 9.

28. The heat storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that, The heating chamber (16) is located in the internal chamber (3) of the container (2) and is separated from the storage chamber (15) for heat storage means (17) by means of partition walls (13, 13').

29. The heat storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that, The heat storage means (17) are arranged on the supporting structure.

30. The heat storage device according to claim 29, characterized in that, The supporting structure includes a grid structure (14).

31. The heat storage device according to claim 29, characterized in that, A gas distribution chamber (25) is arranged below the support structure and connected to the second opening (8) of the container (2).

32. The heat storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that, The heat storage means (17) includes shaped bricks (18) that are permeable to airflow and arranged according to the wall composite.

33. The heat storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that, The heating chamber (16) has a cross-section that is at least largely rectangular.

34. The heat storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that, The heating chamber (16) has an exhaust opening located at the height above the heat storage means (17), wherein the open space of the internal chamber (3) is located above the heat storage means (17).

35. The heat storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that, The heating system includes a resistance heating element (61).

36. The heat storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that, A gas distribution chamber (24) is arranged below the heating system and downstream of the first opening (7).

37. A heat storage system comprising a heat storage device (1, 1', 60) according to claim 27 and a piping assembly (72) connected to the heat storage device (1, 1', 60).

38. The heat storage system according to claim 37, characterized in that, Pipelines of a piping assembly (72) are connected to the first opening, the second opening and the unloading opening of the heat storage device (1, 1', 60), respectively. The piping assembly forms a functional loop, in which a consumer (73) is arranged and the consumer is configured to be open or closed.

39. The heat storage system according to claim 37, characterized in that, A blower (80) is arranged in the piping assembly (72).

40. The heat storage system according to claim 37, characterized in that, The piping assembly (72) includes a loading loop that is connected to a first opening and a second opening of the heat storage device (71).

41. The heat storage system according to claim 37, characterized in that, The piping assembly (72) includes valves (83, 84, 85, 86) for controlling the airflow through the heat storage device.

Images