Sprinkler uniformity prediction and optimization method using 3D printing technology

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology, comprising the following steps: S1, manufacturing sprinkler heads with splash plates of different geometric dimensions using 3D printing technology; S2, measuring the spray intensity of the 3D-printed sprinkler heads through a water collection box experiment; S3, establishing a uniformity prediction model based on the uniform distribution law through linear regression analysis of the experimental data; S4, optimizing the uniformity of the sprinkler heads based on the prediction model. This invention leverages the advantages of 3D printing technology—flexible design and rapid prototyping—to improve the diversity of sprinkler head samples; it proposes for the first time a more systematic dimensionless parameter describing the structure of the sprinkler head splash plate: the splash plate tooth ratio; the uniformity prediction model based on the flow distribution law has high reliability, and this method can guide the design of similar sprinkler heads, meeting different engineering needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire-fighting sprinkler heads, and more specifically, to a method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Automatic sprinkler systems are recognized worldwide as one of the most effective automatic fire suppression systems. An automatic sprinkler system consists of sprinkler heads, piping, fire response devices, alarm systems, and water supply systems. When activated, the system sprays high-pressure water from the sprinkler heads, rapidly covering the protected area to suppress and extinguish the fire.

[0003] Currently, the national standard stipulates that the uniformity of sprinkler head spraying is measured through a water distribution test. This test uses 100 water collection boxes to collect the spray intensity under the cross action of 4 sprinklers of the same specification above. The uniformity of the sprinkler head is evaluated based on the number of water collection boxes that are 50% lower than the standard sprinkler density.

[0004] The above method fails to demonstrate the water distribution performance of the sprinkler heads themselves by using four identical nozzles, and evaluating the uniformity of the sprinkler heads by the number of water collection boxes with a density 50% lower than the standard sprinkler density has significant limitations. This criterion does not consider the impact of the location of substandard water collection boxes on the evaluation of sprinkler head uniformity; nor does it quantify the water distribution uniformity of the sprinkler heads.

[0005] It is worth noting that the structures and shapes of sprinkler heads currently circulating in the market vary considerably. Although they meet the water distribution performance requirements of "Automatic Sprinkler Systems Part 1: Sprinkler Heads GB5135.1-2019", numerous studies have shown that the water distribution uniformity of sprinkler heads is poor. The radial and circumferential spray distribution is significantly uneven due to the influence of the deflector plate slots, which may create blind spots in fire control within the sprinkler coverage area.

[0006] As can be seen from the above description, there is a need for a method to optimize the uniformity of water distribution from sprinkler heads. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology, which can solve the problem of uneven water intensity distribution that still exists in current sprinkler heads.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: to construct a method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology, including the following steps:

[0009] S1. Use 3D printing technology to manufacture sprinkler heads with splash plates of different geometric dimensions;

[0010] S2. Measure the water spray intensity of the 3D printing nozzle through a water collection box experiment;

[0011] S3. Establish a uniformity prediction model based on the uniform distribution law by performing linear regression analysis on the experimental data;

[0012] S4. Optimize the uniformity of sprinkler heads based on the prediction model.

[0013] According to the above scheme, the difference between the spray nozzles with different geometric dimensions of the splash plate manufactured in step S1 lies in the width of the splash plate slot. Regarding the splash plate slot structure, this invention proposes a dimensionless parameter describing the width of the splash plate slot: the splash plate slot ratio, the calculation formula of which is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] in, Indicates the tooth cogging ratio. Indicates the width of the slot. Indicates the width of the tooth.

[0016] According to the above scheme, in step S2, the single release time of the water collection box measuring test nozzle should be greater than 180 s, and the water collection box should be arranged in a fan shape with a central angle of 90°: the shape of the water collection box should be circular, with a radius of 4-8 cm and a height of 10-15 cm; the center of the fan shape coincides with the central axis of the nozzle; the central axis of the fan shape is perpendicular to the normal direction of the nozzle yoke arm; the radial spacing distance of the fan shape is 0.5 m; the circumferential spacing angle of the fan shape is half of the angle between the spray nozzle splash plate teeth and the slot.

[0017] According to the above scheme, in step S3, the linear regression analysis of experimental data is as follows:

[0018] S301. Calculate the spray intensity of each water collection box;

[0019] S302. Calculate the flow fraction of the near-field flow rate and the trough flow rate of the sprinkler head;

[0020] S303. Perform multiple linear regression analysis on the near-field flow fraction and tooth ratio of the sprinkler head;

[0021] S304. Perform multiple linear regression analysis on the groove flow fraction and tooth ratio of the sprinkler head;

[0022] The near-field flow rate of the sprinkler head refers to the flow rate in the area less than 2.5m from the centerline of the sprinkler head; the channel flow rate refers to the flow rate of water detached from the splash plate at the narrow channel.

[0023] The multiple linear regression analysis included two control factors: the inner tooth groove ratio and the outer tooth groove ratio.

[0024] According to the above scheme, in the step of performing multiple linear regression analysis on the groove flow fraction and tooth groove ratio of the sprinkler head, the narrow groove flow distribution law analysis model is adopted. The flow of the narrow groove of the splash plate is defined as the coupling result of the internal flow of the narrow groove and the sidewall flow of the narrow groove, and the influence of the difference in tooth groove ratio between the inner and outer sides of the splash plate is considered.

[0025] According to the above scheme, in the linear regression analysis of experimental data, the slopes of the inner tooth groove ratio and the outer tooth groove ratio of the two control factors are controlled by the length of the splash plate slot, and their expressions are as follows:

[0026]

[0027] in, The slope representing the inner tooth cogging ratio, The slope of the outer tooth groove ratio is represented by r, which represents the radius of the splash plate. This indicates the length of the splash plate slot.

[0028] According to the above scheme, in step S3, in the uniformity prediction model based on the uniform distribution law:

[0029] The uniform distribution law states that when sprinkler heads are completely uniformly distributed, the flow fraction in a certain area of ​​the sprinkler field should be equal to the area fraction of that area. Therefore, the mathematical expression for the uniformity prediction model is:

[0030]

[0031] in, Refers to the first Each region for Regional traffic; Total flow; for The area of ​​the region; This represents the total coverage area of ​​the sprinkler heads.

[0032] According to the above scheme, step S4 includes the following steps:

[0033] S401. Predict the optimal flow fraction in the near field of the spray using a uniformity prediction model;

[0034] S402. Determine the optimal sprinkler head geometry by back-calculating the tooth groove ratio of the sprinkler head through the results of linear regression analysis.

[0035] S403. Verify the reliability of the optimization results by checking the standard deviation of the spray intensity of all water collection boxes.

[0036] S404, Optimize the uniformity of water spray head.

[0037] The method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing, as described in this invention, has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] This invention leverages the advantages of 3D printing technology, such as flexible design and rapid prototyping, to improve the diversity of sprinkler head samples. It is the first to propose a more systematic dimensionless parameter to describe the structure of the sprinkler head's splash plate: the splash plate tooth groove ratio. The uniformity prediction model based on the flow distribution law has high reliability, and this method can guide the design of similar sprinkler heads to meet different engineering needs. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tooth groove ratio of the water spray head splash plate proposed in this invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a water collection box placement method proposed in this invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a verification diagram of the radial flow fraction prediction model in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flow distribution analysis model of the splash plate slot proposed in this invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a verification diagram of the circumferential flow fraction prediction model in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is the original spray intensity cloud map of the sprinkler head in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is a cloud map of the spray intensity of the optimal solution for uniformity optimization of the sprinkler head in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0047] In the figure, the splash plate teeth are shown as follows: 1; 2. Slot with an outer tooth ratio greater than the inner tooth ratio; 3. Slot with sidewall flow increment; 4. Slot with an outer tooth ratio equal to the inner tooth ratio; 5. Slot with inner flow; 6. Slot with sidewall flow replenishment zone; 7. Slot with an outer tooth ratio less than the inner tooth ratio; 8. Splash plate edge; 9. Slot with sidewall flow. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] The method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0050] 1) Use 3D printing technology to manufacture sprinkler heads with splash plates of different geometric dimensions at a 1:1 scale;

[0051] 2) The water spray intensity of the 3D printing nozzle was measured through a water spray intensity measurement experiment;

[0052] 3) Establish a uniformity prediction model based on the uniform distribution law using linear regression analysis of experimental data;

[0053] 4) Optimize the uniformity of sprinkler heads based on the prediction model.

[0054] Preferably, the use of 3D printing technology to manufacture sprinkler heads has advantages over traditional metal casting technology, such as flexible design, fast molding, low cost, and less process difficulty. It can effectively improve the testability of sprinkler heads, greatly increase the number of test samples, and improve the reliability of test conclusions.

[0055] Preferably, the difference between the above-mentioned sprinkler heads with different geometric dimensions lies in the different widths of the splash plate slots. This invention, for the first time, proposes a dimensionless parameter describing the width of the splash plate slots: the splash plate slot ratio, the calculation formula of which is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] in, Indicates the tooth cogging ratio. Indicates the width of the slot. This parameter represents the width of the teeth. Quantifying the structure of the sprinkler head's splash plate using this parameter provides a better reflection of the proportion of the slot within the splash plate, offering a more systematic approach than dimensional parameters such as length and width.

[0058] Preferably, the above-mentioned sprinkler head spray intensity measurement test is an improved water collection box test. This test uses a circular water collection box with a radius of 10-15 cm and a height of less than 15 cm as the collection container. The box is arranged in a 90° fan shape with the sprinkler head's central axis as the center. The central axis of the fan shape is perpendicular to the normal direction of the yoke arm, which minimizes the influence of the yoke arm on the spraying effect. The radial spacing of the fan-shaped arrangement is 0.5 m, and the circumferential spacing angle is half the angle between two adjacent slots of the sprinkler head's splash plate. This arrangement method greatly reduces the workload of the measurement test while ensuring the authenticity of the test results and not affecting the characterization of the spraying characteristics.

[0059] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for predicting the uniformity of sprinkler head spray is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0060] (1) The mathematical model of the radial flow distribution of the sprinkler head is obtained through multiple regression analysis, and its expression is:

[0061]

[0062] (2) The mathematical model of the circumferential flow distribution of the sprinkler head is obtained through multiple regression analysis, and its expression is:

[0063]

[0064] (3) The uniformity criterion of sprinkler head is obtained through the theory of uniform flow distribution;

[0065] (4) Predict the uniformity and spraying characteristics of sprinkler heads by using criteria.

[0066] Preferably, in the above-mentioned multiple regression analysis, the influence of the inner and outer sides of the splash plate slot on the flow distribution of the sprinkler head is different due to the difference in the flow rate of the water film on the surface of the splash plate. The ratio of the unit flow rate of the water film is used as a limiting condition for the multiple regression analysis, which enhances the scientificity and reliability of the prediction results.

[0067] Preferably, the mathematical expression of the limiting condition is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] in , The slope of the radial and circumferential prediction model for the inner tooth cogging ratio of the slot. , The slope of the radial and circumferential prediction models is the tooth cogging ratio on the outer side of the slot. Let L be the radius of the splash plate, and L be the length of the splash plate slot.

[0070] Preferably, the mathematical model of the circumferential flow distribution of the sprinkler head is established based on the flow distribution analysis model of the splash plate slot.

[0071] According to one aspect of the present invention, a flow distribution analysis model for a splash plate slot is provided.

[0072] Preferably, the above analysis model is a coupled result of dividing the flow rate of the splash plate slot into two parts: the flow inside the slot and the flow on the sidewall of the slot.

[0073] Preferably, the above analysis model takes into account the possible impact of the difference in the tooth groove ratio between the inner and outer sides of the splash plate.

[0074] Preferably, the above-mentioned effects include three cases: when the inner tooth groove ratio is less than the outer tooth groove ratio, the conical slot structure with a smaller inner tooth groove and a larger outer tooth groove will increase the flow rate on the sidewall of the slot; when the inner tooth groove ratio is equal to the outer tooth groove ratio, the magnitude of the flow inside the slot and the flow rate on the sidewall of the slot can be regarded as a reference value; when the inner tooth groove ratio is greater than the outer tooth groove ratio, the constricted slot structure with a larger inner tooth groove and a smaller outer tooth groove will reduce the flow rate in the slot.

[0075] Preferably, the above-mentioned theory of uniform flow distribution means that when sprinkler heads are uniformly distributed, the flow fraction of a certain area within the coverage area should be equal to the area fraction of that area, that is:

[0076]

[0077] in, for Regional traffic; The total flow rate can be calculated using the sprinkler head flow fraction and working pressure. for The area of ​​the region; This represents the total coverage area of ​​the sprinkler heads.

[0078] Preferably, in the above theory of uniform flow distribution of sprinkler heads, if the selected area is half of the spray coverage area, such as the selected area being the near field or far field of the spray coverage area, then when the selected area is uniformly distributed, the spray distribution of its supplementary area can also be considered uniform, and the overall spray characteristics of the sprinkler head are uniform.

[0079] Preferably, the step of optimizing the uniformity of the sprinkler heads based on the prediction model is as follows:

[0080] (1) Calculate the tooth ratio of the sprinkler head;

[0081] (2) Calculate the flow fraction of a certain area using the radial flow prediction model and the circumferential flow prediction model of the sprinkler head;

[0082] (3) Determine whether the water flow distribution of the sprinkler head is uniform by using the theory of uniform flow distribution;

[0083] (4) If the flow rate is uneven, adjust the tooth ratio according to the flow prediction model;

[0084] (5) Repeat steps 1-4 until the water spray nozzles are even.

[0085] Preferably, after optimizing the uniformity of the sprinkler head, the reliability of the optimization results is verified by the standard deviation of the sprinkler head's spray intensity.

[0086] The present invention provides a specific calculation example as follows:

[0087] In this embodiment, a dimensionless parameter describing the width of the splash plate tooth groove is defined: the splash plate tooth groove ratio, and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] in, Indicates the tooth cogging ratio. Indicates the width of the slot. This parameter represents the width of the teeth. Quantifying the structure of the sprinkler head's splash plate using this parameter provides a better reflection of the proportion of the slot within the splash plate, offering a more systematic approach than dimensional parameters such as length and width.

[0090] like Figure 1 As shown, the tooth groove ratio of the splash plate is divided into the inner tooth groove ratio and the outer tooth groove ratio, respectively using... and If we express this, then we have:

[0091]

[0092] in, Indicates the width of the inner side of the slot. Indicates the width of the inner side of the tooth. Indicates the width of the outer side of the slot. This indicates the width of the outer side of the tooth.

[0093] The tooth clearance ratio was optimized. In this embodiment, a total of 7 different combinations of internal and external tooth clearance ratios were used to describe the invention, as shown in Table 1:

[0094] Table 1. Combinations of different internal and external tooth cogging ratios

[0095]

[0096] Of the seven samples, sample 5 has the most similar geometry to the sprinkler head structure circulating in the market, so sample 5 was used as the benchmark sample for the test.

[0097] Conduct a test to measure the spray intensity of the sprinkler heads. The test water collection box is placed as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the water collection boxes have a radius of 15 cm and a height of 10 cm. They are arranged in a ring at distances of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.2, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 m from the sprinkler heads, with the central angles spaced apart. The total central angle is 90°, and the total number of water collection boxes is 63. The test uses an automatic sprinkler system that meets the building design standards, with working pressures of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3 MPa, and a single test duration of 180 seconds.

[0098] The results of the water spray intensity test for some sprinkler heads are shown in Table 2.

[0099] Table 2 Results of Sprinkler Head Spray Intensity Test

[0100]

[0101] Before performing linear regression analysis, calculate the ratio of the unit flow rate of the water film on the splash plate surface, according to the expression:

[0102]

[0103] Then there is

[0104]

[0105] in, , The thickness of the water flow film on the inner and outer sides of the splash plate in the narrow slot. , The water flow film velocities are located on the inside and outside of the slot. , The radius of the splash plate is the inner and outer sides of the splash plate slot. Where L is the diameter of the splash plate and L is the length of the slot. , , , These are the slopes of the inner and outer sides of the slot in different linear regression analyses.

[0106] The coverage area of ​​the sprinkler head is divided into two regions: a near field and a far field. The near field is the area with a radial distance of less than 2.5m, and the far field is the area with a radial distance of more than 2.5m but less than 4m. In this case, the near field and far field are complementary to each other's coverage areas. A mathematical model of the radial flow distribution of the sprinkler head is used to perform multiple linear regression analysis on the flow fraction in the near field, resulting in a prediction model for the near field flow fraction of the sprinkler head.

[0107]

[0108] in This represents the near-field flow fraction. The R-squared value of the linear regression analysis is 0.99, indicating a very good agreement. Figure 3 The comparison between experimental values ​​and model predictions is shown, with an average error of only 2.84%. This indicates that the prediction model exhibits high reliability.

[0109] Figure 4The diagram shows a flow distribution analysis model for a splash plate slot. This model includes three cases: slot 2 (outer groove ratio greater than inner groove ratio), slot 4 (outer groove ratio equal to inner groove ratio), and slot 7 (outer groove ratio less than inner groove ratio). When the outer groove ratio equals the inner groove ratio (4), the slot sidewall coincides with the splash plate radius. In this case, the slot flow consists of two parts: the inner groove flow (5) and the sidewall flow (9). The inner groove flow is defined as the water flowing into the slot along the splash plate radius, while the sidewall flow is defined as the water forced into the slot due to the pressure difference at the sidewall. When the outer groove ratio is greater than the inner groove ratio (2), the gradually expanding groove receives more of the sidewall flow increment (3), increasing the pressure difference across the sidewall and significantly increasing the flow rate of the sidewall flow. When the outer tooth ratio is less than the inner tooth ratio 7, the sidewall of the slit contracts inward along the radial direction. At this time, after the water flows through the inner side of the slit, it will first replenish the contracted slit sidewall flow replenishment zone 6, reducing the pressure difference on both sides of the slit sidewall and reducing the flow rate of the slit sidewall flow.

[0110] Based on the flow distribution analysis model of the splash plate slot, the reference value of the flow on the sidewall of the slot is first calculated, that is, when the outer tooth ratio is equal to the inner tooth ratio.

[0111]

[0112] in For slot flow fraction, The flow fraction is the flow rate of the slot sidewall. This represents the flow fraction inside the slot. Based on experimental data, = 0.9%. Analysis of cases 4 and 7 shows that the difference in the inner and outer tooth groove ratio affects the slot flow rate using... This means that when the outer cove ratio is greater than the inner cove ratio, the expression is positive, indicating an increase in slot flow; when the outer cove ratio is less than the inner cove ratio, the expression is negative, indicating a decrease in slot flow. Therefore, the final fitted formula for the slot flow fraction is:

[0113]

[0114] Simplifying, we get:

[0115]

[0116] The experimental data were processed using the above fitting formula to obtain the sprinkler head slot flow fraction prediction model:

[0117]

[0118] The R-squared value of the linear regression analysis was 0.96, indicating a very good agreement. Figure 5The comparison between experimental values ​​and model predictions is shown, with an average error of only 3.62%. This indicates that the prediction model exhibits high reliability.

[0119] Based on the theory of uniform flow distribution, the uniformity criterion is determined, and the ratio of near-field area to total area is 0.39. Therefore, when When the near-field flow fraction is 39.1%, the sprinkler head provides the most uniform water distribution. Based on the near-field flow fraction prediction model for sprinkler heads, the near-field flow fractions for each test sample are shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows that sample head number 3 theoretically has the highest spray uniformity among the seven types of sprinklers.

[0120] Table 3 Near-field flow fraction for each test sample

[0121]

[0122] Figure 6 The image shows the spray intensity cloud map for sample number 5, which is an illustration of the spray uniformity effect of the original sprinkler head. Figure 7 The image shows the spray intensity cloud map of sample number 3, representing the optimal spray uniformity after optimization. The standard deviation of the spray intensity for each sample was calculated, as shown in Table 4. The standard deviation of spray head number 3 is the smallest among the seven sample spray heads under all three working pressures. Therefore, it can be proven that spray head number 3 has the best spray uniformity, and the prediction and optimization results are reliable.

[0123] Table 4 Standard deviation of water spray intensity for each sample

[0124]

[0125] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Use 3D printing technology to manufacture sprinkler heads with splash plates of different geometric dimensions; S2. Measure the water spray intensity of the 3D printing nozzle through a water collection box experiment; S3. Establish a uniformity prediction model based on the uniform distribution law by performing linear regression analysis on the experimental data; S4. Optimize the uniformity of sprinkler heads based on the prediction model; The difference between the spray nozzles with different geometric dimensions of the splash plate manufactured in step S1 lies in the different widths of the splash plate slots. For the toothed groove structure of the splash plate, a dimensionless parameter describing the width of the toothed groove is proposed: the toothed groove ratio of the splash plate, and its calculation formula is as follows: in, Indicates the tooth cogging ratio. Indicates the width of the slot. Indicates the width of the teeth; In step S3, the linear regression analysis of the experimental data is performed as follows: S301. Calculate the spray intensity of each water collection box; S302. Calculate the flow fraction of the near-field flow rate and the trough flow rate of the sprinkler head; S303. Perform multiple linear regression analysis on the near-field flow fraction and tooth ratio of the sprinkler head; S304. Perform multiple linear regression analysis on the groove flow fraction and tooth ratio of the sprinkler head; The near-field flow rate of the sprinkler head refers to the flow rate within a circular area less than 2.5m from the central axis of the sprinkler head; the channel flow rate refers to the flow rate of water detached from the splash plate at the narrow channel. The multiple linear regression analysis included two control factors: the inner tooth groove ratio and the outer tooth groove ratio.

2. The method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the water collection box measures the single release time of the test nozzle to be greater than 180s. The water collection box is arranged in a fan shape with a central angle of 90°. The water collection box is circular with a radius of 4-8cm and a height of 10-15cm. The center of the fan shape coincides with the central axis of the nozzle. The central axis of the fan shape is perpendicular to the normal direction of the nozzle yoke. The radial spacing of the fan shape is 0.5m. The circumferential spacing angle of the fan shape is half the angle between two adjacent slots of the sprinkler head splash plate.

3. The method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of performing multiple linear regression analysis on the slot flow fraction and tooth-groove ratio of the sprinkler head, a slot flow distribution law analysis model is adopted. The slot flow of the splash plate is defined as the coupling result of the internal flow of the slot and the sidewall flow of the slot, and the influence of the difference in tooth-groove ratio between the inner and outer sides of the splash plate is taken into account.

4. The method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the linear regression analysis of the experimental data, the slopes of the two control factors, the inner cove ratio and the outer cove ratio, are controlled by the length of the splash plate slot, and their expressions are as follows: in, The slope representing the inner tooth cogging ratio, The slope of the outer tooth groove ratio is represented by r, which represents the radius of the splash plate. This indicates the length of the splash plate slot.

5. The method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the uniformity prediction model based on the uniform distribution law includes: The uniform distribution law states that when sprinkler heads are completely uniformly distributed, the actual flow fraction of a certain area in the sprinkler field is equal to the area fraction of that area. Therefore, the mathematical expression for the uniformity prediction model is: in, Refers to the first Each region for Regional traffic; Total flow; for The area of ​​the region; This represents the total coverage area of ​​the sprinkler heads.

6. The method for predicting and optimizing the uniformity of sprinkler heads using 3D printing technology according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S4 includes the following steps: S401. Predict the optimal flow fraction in the near field of the spray using a uniformity prediction model; S402. By back-calculating the tooth ratio of the sprinkler head, the spray disc tooth ratio of the sprinkler head with the best uniformity is determined; S403. Verify the reliability of the optimization results by checking the standard deviation of the spray intensity of all water collection boxes; S404, Optimize the uniformity of water spray head.

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