A kind of breeding and cultivation method of azalea

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for propagating and cultivating azalea, and belongs to the technical field of azalea propagation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection: obtaining stress-resistant seeds through cross breeding; (2) seed pretreatment: soaking the stress-resistant seeds and subjecting them to electrostatic field treatment to obtain pretreated seeds; (3) seedling treatment: sowing the pretreated seeds in a matrix for seedling cultivation and seedling treatment; (4) field planting: field planting is performed when the seedlings grow to 7-8 cm. The method solves the problem of poor plant growth and plant death caused by insufficient cell membrane stability under saline-alkali and low temperature conditions, and promotes the development of the azalea planting industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of azalea propagation, and in particular to a method for propagating and cultivating azalea. Background Art

[0002] Rhododendron simsii Planch., also known as mountain azalea, mountain pomegranate, and azalea, is a deciduous shrub of the Ericaceae family. There are about 900 species of rhododendrons in the world. In addition to being used for viewing, rhododendrons can also be eaten and used as medicine. This has greatly promoted the development of the domestic rhododendron industry. Various places have launched the introduction and domestication of wild rhododendrons. However, since wild rhododendrons are mainly distributed in high-altitude areas, they prefer acidic and loose soil and are not tolerant to saline and alkali. There are many differences in natural conditions such as temperature, humidity, and soil properties between the introduction site and the origin site. Various adversities such as low temperature in winter and salinity of the soil coexist in the introduction site, which seriously affects the promotion and application of rhododendrons in my country.

[0003] Although azaleas are highly cold-resistant, they will be frostbitten and cause bud loss or wilting when they are in a low temperature environment for a long time. In severe cases, the plants will die. In addition, azaleas are acid-loving plants with poor alkalinity resistance. In alkaline soils, they will grow poorly, have few flowers, or fail to bloom normally. The cold and alkalinity resistance of azaleas are closely related to the stability of their cell membranes. When azaleas are in a low temperature and alkaline environment for a long time, the lack of cell membrane stability will cause damage to the cell membrane, resulting in a large amount of solute outflow from the membrane, slowed cell protoplasm flow, water metabolism disorders, and reduced photosynthetic rate, which will lead to poor growth of azalea plants and plant death.

[0004] Therefore, we are in urgent need of a method for breeding and cultivating azalea to solve the problem of poor plant growth and plant death caused by insufficient cell membrane stability under saline-alkali and low temperature conditions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for propagating and cultivating azalea, so as to solve the problem that the azalea plant grows poorly and dies due to insufficient cell membrane stability under saline-alkali and low temperature conditions.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

[0007] A method for breeding and cultivating azalea, the method comprising:

[0008] (1) Seed selection: obtain stress-resistant seeds through hybrid breeding;

[0009] (2) Seed pretreatment: soaking stress-resistant seeds and subjecting them to electrostatic field treatment to obtain pretreated seeds;

[0010] (3) Seedling treatment: sowing the pretreated seeds in the substrate for seedling cultivation and seedling treatment;

[0011] (4) Planting: Planting is carried out when the seedlings grow to 7-8 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific operation of the hybrid breeding in step (1) of the breeding method is as follows:

[0013] S1. Parent selection: Select varieties that are more drought-resistant and salt-tolerant under natural environmental conditions as parents;

[0014] S2. Pollen collection: During the flowering period of the male parent, collect stamens when the male parent's single flower is half-opened, and place the collected stamens on the prepared sulfuric acid paper for later use;

[0015] S3, hybrid pollination: observe the flowering of the female parent and perform pollination during the pollination period of the pistil;

[0016] S4. Hanging and registration: Write the parent name, pollination date, and number of pollinated flowers on the registration plate and hang the registration plate on the flower stalk;

[0017] S5. Seed collection: Collect the seeds when the fruits turn yellow-brown in October. Place the collected fruits indoors to dry naturally. After the seeds are scattered, collect them to obtain stress-resistant seeds. Bag the stress-resistant seeds for later use.

[0018] Furthermore, the parents include Shenghua No. 5, Tianzhang, Flamingo, Changchun No. 2, Flamingo, and Ruby.

[0019] Furthermore, the pollination period in step S3 is: selecting the flowers of the female parent azalea that are about to bloom, peeling off the petals before 10 o'clock in the morning, removing the stamens and observing the stigma, and the pollination period is when secretions appear on the stigma.

[0020] Further, the specific operation of pollination in step S3 is as follows:

[0021] Choose a sunny and windless day for pollination. Use tweezers to remove the anthers on the stamens of the male parent at 10-14 o'clock. Gently shake the pollen sac with the mouth facing downward on the style of the female parent to make the pollen block gently fall on the stigma. To ensure successful pollination, repeat pollination once within 2-3 days after pollination.

[0022] Further, the specific operation of seed pretreatment in step (2) is as follows:

[0023] Select fully mature seeds with full grains, soak them in warm water at 45-55℃ for 20-30 minutes, and then soak them in clean water. Change the water every day. After 3-5 days, take out the seeds and drain the water, then place them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3-0.5% for disinfection for 3-5 hours. After disinfection, rinse them with clean water and then place them in an electrostatic field for treatment.

[0024] The cold resistance and alkalinity resistance of azalea are affected by many factors. Improving the soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity in azalea can improve the cold resistance and alkalinity resistance of azalea plants. The electrostatic field treatment of azalea seeds with appropriate intensity and time can increase the soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity of azalea, thereby increasing the cold resistance and alkalinity resistance of azalea.

[0025] Furthermore, the field strength during the electrostatic field treatment is 5-6 kV / cm and the time is 5-10 min.

[0026] Furthermore, in step (3), the matrix is ​​obtained by mixing perlite and peat soil in a ratio of 1:2 and adjusting the pH to 7.5-8.5.

[0027] Furthermore, the specific operation of seedling treatment in step (3) is as follows:

[0028] When the seedlings grow to 2cm, place the seedlings in a low temperature environment of 4℃ for cultivation, with a lighting time of 6h light / 18h dark, and a light intensity of 2000-2500lx. Spray the seedling treatment agent every 2 days. After culturing in a low temperature environment for 5-7 days, move them to room temperature for cultivation, with a lighting time of 8h light / 16h dark, and a light intensity of 2000-2500lx. When the azalea grows to 3cm, transplant them with a spacing of 3-5cm.

[0029] Furthermore, the seedling treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0030] 5-7 parts of calcium cyanamide, 3-5 parts of magnesium taurine, 7-10 parts of arachidonic acid, 3-5 parts of triester phosphate.

[0031] Further, the preparation method of the seedling treatment agent is as follows:

[0032] A: Add water to calcium cyanamide and stir evenly, heat to 70-80° C. and keep constant temperature for 10-15 min, then cool to room temperature and add 20 wt % nitric acid solution and stir for 2-3 min to obtain calcium cyanamide solution for standby use;

[0033] B: Add water to magnesium taurine to prepare a magnesium taurine solution, and let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours for later use;

[0034] C: After mixing arachidonic acid and triester phosphate, add water and homogenize at 15-20Mpa and 50-60℃ for 30min. After cooling to room temperature, add calcium cyanamide solution and magnesium taurine solution and mix evenly. After high-speed stirring at 800-1000r / min for 2min, obtain the seedling treatment agent.

[0035] Furthermore, the spraying amount of the seedling treatment agent is 2-5 g / plant.

[0036] When azalea is in a low temperature and alkaline environment for a long time, it will cause damage to the cell membrane, outflow of a large amount of solutes in the membrane, slow down of cell protoplasm flow, disorder of water metabolism, weakened photosynthesis rate, resulting in poor growth of azalea plants and death of plants. Because the stability of plant cell membranes has an important influence on the cold resistance and alkalinity resistance of plants, enhancing the stability of cell membranes can enhance the resistance of plants in low temperature and alkaline environments and improve the efficiency of plant physiological activities. Therefore, the resistance of azalea to low temperature and alkaline environments can be improved by enhancing the stability of azalea cell membranes; phospholipids and sterols, as important components of plant cell membranes, play an extremely important role in the stability of plant cell membranes. The interaction between phospholipids and sterols can maintain the stability of cell membrane structure and regulate cell membrane permeability. Therefore, by increasing the content of sterols and phospholipids in azalea cell membranes, the stability of azalea cell membranes can be improved, thereby improving its cold resistance and alkalinity resistance.

[0037] Sowing and raising seedlings with seeds treated by the electrostatic field and spraying the seedlings with the seedling treatment agent can increase the sterol content and phospholipid content in the cell membrane, thereby increasing the stability of the cell membrane, and improving the cold resistance and alkaline resistance of azalea. This is because after spraying the seedling treatment agent on the azalea seedlings, the magnesium taurine in the seedling treatment agent enters the azalea plant and acts on pyruvate kinase to increase its activity. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate in the body to generate pyruvate and ATP, thereby increasing the content of pyruvate in the plant; the calcium cyanamide in the seedling treatment agent enters the azalea plant and acts on pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase to increase its activity. Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase promotes the dephosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, thereby effectively activating the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Pyruvate dehydrogenase promotes the conversion of the generated pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is further converted into sterols in the azalea, thereby increasing the sterol content.

[0038] When the arachidonic acid in the seedling treatment agent enters the body of the azalea plant, it combines with the glycerol in the azalea plant to form phosphatidic acid, which is then converted into phospholipids in the plant, thereby increasing the phospholipid content in the azalea. Sterols and phospholipids work together to improve the stability of the plant's cell membrane, thereby improving the plant's cold resistance and alkalinity resistance, solving the problem of poor plant growth and plant death caused by insufficient cell membrane stability under saline-alkali and low temperature conditions.

[0039] Reducing the ratio of free water to bound water in the plant can partially reduce the metabolic activity of the plant and improve its cold resistance and alkaline resistance. The phosphate triester in the seedling treatment agent enters the azalea body, and its hydrophilic end combines with the water molecules of the free water in the azalea body to form hydrogen bonds, thereby fixing the free water, reducing the free water content, and reducing the ratio of free water to bound water. The metabolic activity of the plant is partially reduced, thereby enhancing its cold resistance and alkaline resistance.

[0040] Beneficial effects:

[0041] The invention discloses a method for breeding and cultivating azaleas, which obtains stress-resistant seeds of azaleas through hybrid breeding, sows and raises seedlings with the stress-resistant seeds, and processes the seedlings, thereby improving the stability of cell membranes of azalea plants. The obtained azalea plants have high cold resistance and alkali resistance, and improve the survival rate of azaleas in low temperature and alkaline environments, which is beneficial to the breeding and planting of excellent azalea varieties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 : This is a picture of the initial stage of seedling raising after sowing the azalea seeds of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 : This is a picture of the growth status of the azalea seedlings of the present invention before the first transplanting;

[0044] Figure 3 : This is a picture of the growth status of the azalea seedlings of the present invention when they are planted and transplanted;

[0045] Figure 4 : Flowering condition picture of the female parent (Changchun No. 2) selected for the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 : Flowering condition picture of the male parent (Flamingo) selected for the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0048] Example 1: Preparation of seedling treatment agent

[0049] Weigh 50 g of calcium cyanamide, 30 g of magnesium taurine, 70 g of arachidonic acid, and 30 g of triester phosphate.

[0050] Preparation method:

[0051] A: Add 2.5 kg of water to calcium cyanamide and stir evenly, heat to 70° C. and keep constant temperature for 10 min, then cool to room temperature and add 250 g of 20 wt % nitric acid solution and stir for 2 min to obtain a calcium cyanamide solution for use;

[0052] B: Add 1.5 kg of water to magnesium taurine to prepare a magnesium taurine solution, and let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours for later use;

[0053] C: After mixing arachidonic acid and triester phosphate, add 5 kg of water, 15 MPa, and homogenize at 50°C for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, add calcium cyanamide solution and magnesium taurine solution and mix evenly. After high-speed stirring at 800 r / min for 2 minutes, the seedling treatment agent is obtained.

[0054] Example 2: Preparation of seedling treatment agent II

[0055] Weigh 60 g of calcium cyanamide, 40 g of magnesium taurine, 80 g of arachidonic acid, and 40 g of triester phosphate.

[0056] A: Add 3 kg of water to calcium cyanamide and stir evenly, heat to 75 ° C and keep constant temperature for 13 minutes, then cool to room temperature and add 300 g of 20 wt % nitric acid solution and stir for 2 minutes to obtain a calcium cyanamide solution for standby use;

[0057] B: Add 2 kg of water to magnesium taurine to prepare a magnesium taurine solution, and let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours for later use;

[0058] C: After mixing arachidonic acid and triester phosphate, add 6 kg of water, 17 MPa, and homogenize at 55°C for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, add calcium cyanamide solution and magnesium taurine solution and mix evenly. After high-speed stirring at 900 r / min for 2 minutes, the seedling treatment agent is obtained.

[0059] Example 3: Preparation of seedling treatment agent

[0060] Weigh 70 g of calcium cyanamide, 50 g of magnesium taurine, 100 g of arachidonic acid, and 50 g of triester phosphate.

[0061] A: Add 3.5 kg of water to calcium cyanamide and stir evenly, heat to 80° C. and keep constant temperature for 15 min, then cool to room temperature and add 350 g of 20 wt % nitric acid solution and stir for 3 min to obtain a calcium cyanamide solution for standby use;

[0062] B: Add 2.5 kg of water to magnesium taurine to prepare a magnesium taurine solution, and let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours for later use;

[0063] C: After mixing arachidonic acid and triester phosphate, add 7.5 kg of water, 20 MPa, and homogenize at 60°C for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, add calcium cyanamide solution and magnesium taurine solution and mix evenly. After high-speed stirring at 1000 r / min for 2 minutes, obtain the seedling treatment agent.

[0064] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of seedling treatment agent

[0065] In contrast to Example 1, the difference is that no calcium cyanamide solution is added during the preparation of the seedling treatment agent.

[0066] Weigh 30 g of magnesium taurine, 70 g of arachidonic acid, and 30 g of triester phosphate.

[0067] Preparation method:

[0068] A: Add 1.5 kg of water to magnesium taurine to prepare a magnesium taurine solution, and let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours for later use;

[0069] B: After mixing arachidonic acid and triester phosphate, add 5 kg of water, homogenize at 15 MPa and 50°C for 30 minutes, cool to room temperature, add magnesium taurine solution and mix evenly, stir at 800 r / min for 2 minutes to obtain the seedling treatment agent.

[0070] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of seedling treatment agent

[0071] In contrast to Example 1, the difference is that no magnesium taurine solution is added during the preparation of the seedling treatment agent.

[0072] Weigh 50 g of calcium cyanamide, 70 g of arachidonic acid, and 30 g of triester phosphate.

[0073] Preparation method:

[0074] A: Add 2.5 kg of water to calcium cyanamide and stir evenly, heat to 70° C. and keep constant temperature for 10 min, then cool to room temperature and add 250 g of 20 wt % nitric acid solution and stir for 2 min to obtain a calcium cyanamide solution for use;

[0075] B: After mixing arachidonic acid and triester phosphate, add 5 kg of water, 15 MPa, and homogenize at 50°C for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, add calcium cyanamide solution and mix evenly. After high-speed stirring at 800 r / min for 2 minutes, obtain the seedling treatment agent.

[0076] Comparative Example 3: Preparation of seedling treatment agent

[0077] In contrast to Example 1, the difference is that no arachidonic acid is added during the preparation of the seedling treatment agent.

[0078] Weigh 50 g of calcium cyanamide, 30 g of magnesium taurine, and 30 g of triester phosphate.

[0079] Preparation method:

[0080] A: Add 2.5 kg of water to calcium cyanamide and stir evenly, heat to 70° C. and keep constant temperature for 10 min, then cool to room temperature and add 250 g of 20 wt % nitric acid solution and stir for 2 min to obtain a calcium cyanamide solution for use;

[0081] B: Add 1.5 kg of water to magnesium taurine to prepare a magnesium taurine solution, and let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours for later use;

[0082] C: Add 1.5 kg of water to the triester phosphate, homogenize at 15 MPa and 50 ° C for 30 minutes, cool to room temperature, add calcium cyanamide solution and magnesium taurine solution and mix evenly, stir at 800 r / min for 2 minutes to obtain the seedling treatment agent.

[0083] Comparative Example 4: Preparation of seedling treatment agent

[0084] In contrast to Example 1, the difference is that no triester phosphate is added during the preparation of the seedling treatment agent.

[0085] Weigh 50 g of calcium cyanamide, 30 g of magnesium taurine, and 70 g of arachidonic acid.

[0086] Preparation method:

[0087] A: Add 2.5 kg of water to calcium cyanamide and stir evenly, heat to 70° C. and keep constant temperature for 10 min, then cool to room temperature and add 250 g of 20 wt % nitric acid solution and stir for 2 min to obtain a calcium cyanamide solution for standby use;

[0088] B: Add 1.5 kg of water to magnesium taurine to prepare a magnesium taurine solution, and let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours for later use;

[0089] C: Add 3.5 kg of water to arachidonic acid, homogenize at 15 MPa and 50 ° C for 30 minutes, cool to room temperature, add calcium cyanamide solution and magnesium taurine solution and mix evenly, stir at 800 r / min for 2 minutes to obtain the seedling treatment agent.

[0090] Embodiment 4: Azalea breeding and cultivation method

[0091] Example 4 uses the seedling treatment agent prepared in Example 1.

[0092] (1) Seed selection: Stress-resistant seeds are obtained through hybrid breeding. The specific operations are as follows:

[0093] S1. Parent selection: Select Flamingo in natural environment as the male parent and Changchun 2 as the female parent;

[0094] S2. Pollen collection: Collect stamens when the male parent's single flower is half-opened during the flowering period, and place the collected stamens on the prepared sulfuric acid paper for later use;

[0095] S3. Hybridization pollination: Choose a sunny and windless day, select the female azalea flower that is about to open, peel off the petals before 10 a.m., remove the stamens and observe the stigma. If the stigma secretions appear, it means that pollination can be carried out. Use tweezers to remove the anthers on the male stamens, and gently shake the pollen sac with the mouth facing downward on the female style to make the pollen block gently fall on the stigma. Repeat the pollination once on the second day after the pollination is completed;

[0096] S4. Hanging and registration: Write the parent name, pollination date, and number of pollinated flowers on the registration plate and hang the registration plate on the flower stalk;

[0097] S5. Seed collection: Collect the fruits when they turn yellow-brown in October, place the collected fruits indoors to dry naturally, collect the seeds after they are scattered to obtain stress-resistant seeds, and bag the stress-resistant seeds for later use;

[0098] (2) Seed pretreatment: soaking stress-resistant seeds and subjecting them to electrostatic field treatment to obtain pretreated seeds. The specific operation is as follows:

[0099] Select fully mature seeds with full grains, soak them in warm water at 45℃ for 20 minutes, and then soak them in clean water. Change the water every other day. After 3 days, take out the soaked seeds and drain them. Then, disinfect them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3% for 3 hours. After disinfection, rinse them with clean water, and then treat them in an electrostatic field with a field strength of 5kv / cm for 5 minutes.

[0100] (3) Seedling treatment: The pretreated seeds are sown in the substrate for seedling cultivation and seedling treatment is performed. The specific operations are as follows:

[0101] Perlite and peat soil are mixed in a ratio of 1:2 and the pH is adjusted to 8 to obtain a matrix, and then the pretreated seeds are evenly sown in the matrix. When the seedlings grow to 2 cm, the seedlings are placed in a low temperature environment of 4°C for cultivation, the lighting time is 6 h light / 18 h dark, the light intensity is 2000 lx, and the seedling treatment agent prepared in Example 1 is sprayed once every 2 days, the spraying amount is 2 g / plant, and after culturing in a low temperature environment for 5 days, the seeds are moved to room temperature for cultivation, the lighting time is 8 h / 16 h dark, the light intensity is 2000 lx, and the azaleas are transplanted when they grow to 3 cm, with a transplanting spacing of 3-5 cm.

[0102] (4) Planting: When the seedlings grow to 7-8 cm, they are divided again and transplanted.

[0103] Comparative Example 5: Azalea breeding method

[0104] In contrast to Example 4, the only difference is that the seeds are not placed in an electrostatic field for treatment.

[0105] (1) Seed selection: Stress-resistant seeds are obtained through hybrid breeding. The specific operations are as follows:

[0106] S1. Parent selection: Select Flamingo in natural environment as the male parent and Changchun 2 as the female parent;

[0107] S2. Pollen collection: Collect stamens when the male parent's single flower is half-opened during the flowering period, and place the collected stamens on the prepared sulfuric acid paper for later use;

[0108] S3. Hybridization pollination: Choose a sunny and windless day, select the female azalea flower that is about to open, peel off the petals before 10 a.m., remove the stamens and observe the stigma. If the stigma secretions appear, it means that pollination can be carried out. Use tweezers to remove the anthers on the male stamens, and gently shake the pollen sac with the mouth facing downward on the female style to make the pollen block gently fall on the stigma. Repeat the pollination once on the second day after the pollination is completed;

[0109] S4. Hanging and registration: Write the parent name, pollination date, and number of pollinated flowers on the registration plate and hang the registration plate on the flower stalk;

[0110] S5. Seed collection: Collect the fruits when they turn yellow-brown in October, place the collected fruits indoors to dry naturally, collect the seeds after they are scattered to obtain stress-resistant seeds, and bag the stress-resistant seeds for later use;

[0111] (2) Seed pretreatment: soaking stress-resistant seeds to obtain pretreated seeds, and the specific operation is as follows:

[0112] Select fully mature seeds with full grains, soak them in warm water at 45°C for 20 minutes, and then soak them in clean water, changing the water every other day. After 3 days, take out the soaked seeds and drain the water, then sterilize them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3% for 3 hours, and rinse them with clean water after sterilization to obtain pretreated seeds;

[0113] (3) Seedling treatment: The pretreated seeds are sown in the substrate for seedling cultivation and seedling treatment is performed. The specific operations are as follows:

[0114] Perlite and peat soil are mixed in a ratio of 1:2 and the pH is adjusted to 8 to obtain a matrix, and then the pretreated seeds are evenly sown in the matrix. When the seedlings grow to 2 cm, the seedlings are placed in a low temperature environment of 4°C for cultivation, the lighting time is 6 h light / 18 h dark, the light intensity is 2000 lx, and the seedling treatment agent prepared in Example 1 is sprayed once every 2 days, the spraying amount is 2 g / plant, and after culturing in a low temperature environment for 5 days, the seeds are moved to room temperature for cultivation, the lighting time is 8 h / 16 h dark, the light intensity is 2000 lx, and the azaleas are transplanted when they grow to 3 cm, with a transplanting spacing of 3-5 cm.

[0115] (4) Planting: When the seedlings grow to 7-8 cm, they are divided again and transplanted.

[0116] Comparative Example 6: In contrast to Example 4, the only difference is that the seedlings are not cultured at a low temperature.

[0117] (1) Seed selection: Stress-resistant seeds are obtained through hybrid breeding. The specific operations are as follows:

[0118] S1. Parent selection: Select Flamingo in natural environment as the male parent and Changchun 2 as the female parent;

[0119] S2. Pollen collection: Collect stamens when the male parent's single flower is half-opened during the flowering period, and place the collected stamens on the prepared sulfuric acid paper for later use;

[0120] S3. Hybridization pollination: Choose a sunny and windless day, select the female azalea flower that is about to open, peel off the petals before 10 a.m., remove the stamens and observe the stigma. If the stigma secretions appear, it means that pollination can be carried out. Use tweezers to remove the anthers on the male stamens, and gently shake the pollen sac with the mouth facing downward on the female style to make the pollen block gently fall on the stigma. Repeat the pollination once on the second day after the pollination is completed;

[0121] S4. Hanging and registration: Write the parent name, pollination date, and number of pollinated flowers on the registration plate and hang the registration plate on the flower stalk;

[0122] S5. Seed collection: Collect the fruits when they turn yellow-brown in October, place the collected fruits indoors to dry naturally, collect the seeds after they are scattered to obtain stress-resistant seeds, and bag the stress-resistant seeds for later use;

[0123] (2) Seed pretreatment: soaking stress-resistant seeds and subjecting them to electrostatic field treatment to obtain pretreated seeds. The specific operation is as follows:

[0124] Select fully mature seeds with full grains, soak them in warm water at 45℃ for 20 minutes, and then soak them in clean water. Change the water every other day. After 3 days, take out the soaked seeds and drain them. Then, disinfect them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3% for 3 hours. After disinfection, rinse them with clean water, and then treat them in an electrostatic field with a field strength of 5kv / cm for 5 minutes.

[0125] (3) Seedling treatment: The pretreated seeds are sown in the substrate for seedling cultivation and seedling treatment is performed. The specific operations are as follows:

[0126] Perlite and peat soil were mixed in a ratio of 1:2 and the pH was adjusted to 8 to obtain a matrix, and then the pretreated seeds were evenly sown in the matrix and cultured at room temperature. The light time was 8h / dark 16h, the light intensity was 2000lx, and the seedling treatment agent was sprayed when the seedlings grew to 2cm. The seedling treatment agent prepared in Example 1 was sprayed every 2 days, and the spraying amount was 2g / plant. When the azalea grew to 3cm, the seedlings were transplanted, and the spacing between the seedlings was 3-5cm;

[0127] (4) Planting: When the seedlings grow to 7-8 cm, they are divided again and transplanted.

[0128] Blank control: Rhododendron breeding and cultivation experiment

[0129] The seedlings are treated with clean water, the seeds are not placed in an electrostatic field for treatment, and the seedlings are not cultured at low temperatures.

[0130] (1) Seed selection: Stress-resistant seeds are obtained through hybrid breeding. The specific operations are as follows:

[0131] S1. Parent selection: Select Flamingo in natural environment as the male parent and Changchun 2 as the female parent;

[0132] S2. Pollen collection: Collect stamens when the male parent's single flower is half-opened during the flowering period, and place the collected stamens on the prepared sulfuric acid paper for later use;

[0133] S3. Hybridization pollination: Choose a sunny and windless day, select the female azalea flower that is about to open, peel off the petals before 10 a.m., remove the stamens and observe the stigma. If the stigma secretions appear, it means that pollination can be carried out. Use tweezers to remove the anthers on the male stamens, and gently shake the pollen sac with the mouth facing downward on the female style to make the pollen block gently fall on the stigma. Repeat the pollination once on the second day after the pollination is completed;

[0134] S4. Hanging and registration: Write the parent name, pollination date, and number of pollinated flowers on the registration plate and hang the registration plate on the flower stalk;

[0135] S5. Seed collection: Collect the fruits when they turn yellow-brown in October, place the collected fruits indoors to dry naturally, collect the seeds after they are scattered to obtain stress-resistant seeds, and bag the stress-resistant seeds for later use;

[0136] (2) Seed pretreatment: soaking stress-resistant seeds to obtain pretreated seeds, the specific operation is as follows:

[0137] Select fully mature seeds with full grains, soak them in warm water at 45°C for 20 minutes, and then soak them in clean water, changing the water every other day. After 3 days, take out the soaked seeds and drain the water, then sterilize them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3% for 3 hours, and rinse them with clean water after sterilization to obtain pretreated seeds;

[0138] (3) Seedling treatment: The pretreated seeds are sown in the substrate for seedling cultivation and seedling treatment is performed. The specific operations are as follows:

[0139] Perlite and peat soil were mixed in a ratio of 1:2 and the pH was adjusted to 8 to obtain a matrix. The pretreated seeds were evenly sown in the matrix and cultured at room temperature. The light time was 8h / dark 16h, and the light intensity was 2000lx. When the seedlings grew to 2cm, they were sprayed with clean water every 2 days. The spraying amount was 2g / plant. When the azaleas grew to 3cm, the seedlings were transplanted, and the spacing between the seedlings was 3-5cm.

[0140] (4) Planting: When the seedlings grow to 7-8 cm, they are divided again and transplanted.

[0141] Experiment: Azalea breeding and cultivation experiment

[0142] 1. For better comparison, the seedling treatment agents prepared in Comparative Examples 1-4 were used in azalea breeding and cultivation experiment. The experiment was divided into 8 groups: experimental group 1, comparative groups 1-6, and blank control group, with 100 plants in each group.

[0143] 2. Parents:

[0144] Male parent: The flamingo tree growing well in the Maple and Azalea Garden of Xi'an Botanical Garden was selected as the male parent. The male parent tree is 4 years old, with thick branches, leaves about 10 cm long and 4 cm wide, and is in good growth condition.

[0145] Mother plant: Changchun No. 2, which grows well in the Maple and Azalea Garden of Xi'an Botanical Garden, was selected as the mother plant. The mother plant is 4 years old, with thick branches, leaves about 4 cm long and 1.6 cm wide, and is in good growth condition.

[0146] 3. Seedling treatment agent:

[0147] Experimental group 1: using the seedling treatment agent prepared in Example 1;

[0148] Control groups 1-4: using the seedling treatment agents prepared in comparative examples 1-4 respectively;

[0149] Control group 5: using the seedling treatment agent prepared in Example 1;

[0150] Control group 6: using the seedling treatment agent prepared in Example 1;

[0151] Blank control: clean water was used as the seedling treatment agent.

[0152] 4. Azalea breeding and cultivation methods:

[0153] Experimental group 1: using the azalea breeding and cultivation method of Example 4;

[0154] Control group 1-4: using the azalea breeding and cultivation method of Example 4;

[0155] Control group 5: using the azalea breeding and cultivation method of comparative example 5;

[0156] Control group 6: using the azalea breeding and cultivation method of comparative example 6;

[0157] Blank control: A blank control azalea breeding and cultivation method was used to contrast with the above experimental and control groups.

[0158] 5. Cold resistance and alkaline resistance test: The seedlings cultivated in the experimental group 1, the control groups 1-6 and the blank control group were tested for cold resistance and alkaline resistance 5 days before planting. The test method is as follows:

[0159] Ten plants were selected from each group, transferred to soil with a pH of 8, treated at -4°C for 6 hours, and then transferred to the outdoors for 3 days to observe the survival rate of the plants. The data were repeated 3 times and are shown in Table 1:

[0160] Table 1

[0161] Experimental Group 1 Control group 1 Control group 2 Control group 3 Control group 4 Control group 5 Control group 6 Blank control Survival rate (%) 93％ 76％ 76％ 73％ 83％ 80％ 70％ 63％

[0162] 6. Growth status detection:

[0163] The Maple and Azalea Garden of Xi'an Botanical Garden was selected as the test site. A separate test area was opened in the garden. The garden is about 550 meters above sea level, with an average annual temperature of 16°C, an average sunshine of 1500h, and an average annual rainfall of 530 mm. The soil fertility in the base is good and the management capacity in the base is high. 20 plants were selected in each group, with 3 replicates. The difference between the experimental group 1, the control group 1-6, and the blank control group was only the selected seedlings. The actual growth of the seedlings was observed, and the data were shown in Table 2:

[0164] Table 2

[0165]

[0166] According to the data analysis of Table 1 and Table 2, we can know that:

[0167] (1) The survival rate of control group 1 was 17% lower than that of experimental group 1. This was because calcium cyanamide was not added to the seedling treatment agent in control group 1, and the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase was not enhanced, which reduced the amount of pyruvate converted into acetyl-CoA, and then led to a decrease in the amount of sterols and the stability of the cell membrane, so that the survival rate of azalea was reduced in a low temperature and alkaline environment;

[0168] (2) The survival rate of control group 2 was 17% lower than that of experimental group 1. This was because magnesium taurine was not added to the seedling treatment agent in control group 1, and the activity of pyruvate kinase was not enhanced, resulting in a decrease in the amount of pyruvate, which in turn led to a decrease in the subsequent sterol content and a decrease in the stability of the cell membrane, resulting in a decrease in the survival rate of azalea in a low temperature and alkaline environment;

[0169] (3) The survival rate of control group 3 was 20% lower than that of experimental group 1. This was because no arachidonic acid was added to the seedling treatment agent in control group 3, which failed to generate phosphatidic acid with glycerol, resulting in a decrease in the amount of phospholipids generated later, which in turn caused a decrease in the stability of the cell membrane, resulting in a decrease in the survival rate of azalea in a low temperature alkaline environment;

[0170] (4) The survival rate of control group 4 was 10% lower than that of experimental group 1. This was because no phosphate triester was added during the preparation of the seedling treatment agent in control group 4, resulting in the failure to fix the free water in the azalea, and the failure to reduce the ratio of free water to bound water. The metabolic activity was strong, and thus the cold resistance and alkalinity resistance were weak. When exposed to low temperature and alkaline environment, the survival rate was reduced.

[0171] (5) The survival rate of control group 5 was 13% lower than that of experimental group 1. This was because the seeds of control group 5 were not placed in an electrostatic field for treatment during the reproduction and cultivation of azalea, which resulted in the failure to effectively improve the soluble sugar, soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity in the azalea, resulting in the weak cold resistance and alkalinity resistance of the azalea. When placed in a low temperature alkaline environment, the survival rate was reduced.

[0172] (6) The survival rate of control group 6 was 23% lower than that of experimental group 1. This was because the seedlings in control group 6 were not subjected to low-temperature cultivation during the azalea propagation and cultivation experiment, which resulted in the low adaptability of azalea to low temperatures and thus low cold resistance. When placed in a low-temperature alkaline environment, the survival rate decreased.

[0173] (7) The flower diameter, flower color, and leaf color of control groups 1-6 in Table 2 were significantly worse than those of experimental group 1. Figure 1 , Figure 2It can be seen that rhododendrons are hybridized and the seeds obtained are placed in an electrostatic field for treatment. The seeds are then sown and cultured in a low-temperature environment and treated with seedling treatment agents. The resulting rhododendron plants have high cold resistance and alkali resistance, and grow well after actual planting.

[0174] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for breeding and cultivating azalea, characterized in that: The cultivation method is as follows: (1) Seed selection: obtain stress-resistant seeds through hybrid breeding; (2) Seed pretreatment: soaking stress-resistant seeds and subjecting them to electrostatic field treatment to obtain pretreated seeds; (3) Seedling treatment: sowing the pretreated seeds in the substrate for seedling cultivation and seedling treatment; (4) Planting: Planting is done when the seedlings grow to 7-8 cm; The specific operation of the seedling treatment in step (3) is as follows: When the seedlings grow to 2cm, place the seedlings in a low temperature environment of 4℃, with a light duration of 6h / darkness of 18h, and a light intensity of 2000-2500lx. Spray the seedling treatment agent every 2 days. After 5-7 days of cultivation in a low temperature environment, move them to room temperature for cultivation, with a light duration of 8h / darkness of 16h, and a light intensity of 2000-2500lx. When the azalea grows to 3cm, transplant the seedlings, with a spacing of 3-5cm. The seedling treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of calcium cyanamide, 3-5 parts of magnesium taurine, 7-10 parts of arachidonic acid, 3-5 parts of triester phosphate; The preparation method of the seedling treatment agent is as follows: A: Add water to calcium cyanamide and stir evenly, heat to 70-80°C and keep constant temperature for 10-15min, then cool to room temperature and add 20wt% nitric acid solution and stir for 2-3min to obtain calcium cyanamide solution for standby use; B: Add water to magnesium taurine to prepare a magnesium taurine solution, and let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours for later use; C: After mixing arachidonic acid and triester phosphate, add water and homogenize at 15-20Mpa and 50-60℃ for 30min. After cooling to room temperature, add calcium cyanamide solution and magnesium taurine solution and mix evenly. After high-speed stirring at 800-1000r / min for 2min, obtain the seedling treatment agent.

2. The method for breeding and cultivating azalea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of cross breeding in step (1) of the breeding method is as follows: S1. Parent selection: Select varieties that are relatively drought-resistant and salt-tolerant under natural environmental conditions as parents; S2. Pollen collection: During the flowering period of the male parent, collect stamens when the male parent single flower is half-opened, and place the collected stamens on the prepared sulfuric acid paper for later use; S3, hybrid pollination: observe the flowering of the female parent and perform pollination during the pollination period of the pistil; S4. Seed collection: Collect the seeds when the fruits turn yellow-brown in October-November. Place the collected fruits indoors to dry naturally. After the seeds are scattered, collect them to obtain stress-resistant seeds. Bag the stress-resistant seeds for later use.

3. The method for breeding and cultivating azalea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pollination period in step S3 is: select the flowers of the female parent azalea that are about to bloom, peel off the petals before 10 o'clock in the morning, remove the stamens and observe the stigma. The pollination period is when secretions appear on the stigma.

4. The method for breeding and cultivating azalea according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific operation of pollination in step S3 is as follows: Choose a sunny and windless day for pollination. Use tweezers to remove the anthers on the stamens of the male parent at 10-14 o'clock. Gently shake the pollen sac with the mouth facing downward on the style of the female parent to make the pollen block gently fall on the stigma. To ensure successful pollination, repeat pollination once within 2-3 days after pollination.

5. The method for breeding and cultivating azalea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of seed pretreatment in step (2) is as follows: Select fully mature seeds with full grains, soak them in warm water at 45-55℃ for 20-30 minutes, and then soak them in clean water. Change the water every day. After 3-5 days, take out the seeds and drain the water, then place them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3-0.5% for disinfection for 3-5 hours. After disinfection, rinse them with clean water and then place them in an electrostatic field for treatment.

6. The method for breeding and cultivating azalea according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electrostatic field treatment has a field strength of 5-6 kV / cm and a treatment time of 5-10 min.

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