A negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of airborne environmental control and thermal management technology, and particularly relates to a negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system. It comprises a phase change evaporation unit 1, a heat exchange unit 2, an antifreeze heating unit 3, an emergency pressure relief valve 4, a vacuum generator 5, an air source regulating valve 6, an exhaust unit 7, a measuring unit and a control unit 8. The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system of the present application is capable of stable regulation and control under the condition of continuous operation and constant change of high heat sources. The present application utilizes the high latent heat of the phase change working medium to provide the equipment with a larger heat capacity, and indirectly controls the evaporation temperature by controlling the saturation pressure, providing working conditions with strong adaptability and stable temperature environment when the mission system equipment is in high power mode and the state is switched rapidly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of airborne environmental control and thermal management technology, and in particular relates to a negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system. Background Art

[0002] In the equipment sector, power consumption and heat dissipation are increasing exponentially. The contradiction between high-power, high-heat-flux-density heat dissipation and insufficient resources has become increasingly prominent, becoming a bottleneck restricting equipment development. In particular, as aviation equipment requires significantly increased ranges for beyond-visual-range detection and attack, a serious mismatch has emerged between the high-power heat dissipation of mission system equipment and the onboard heat sinks.

[0003] Aiming at the heat dissipation problem of high-power heat sources, it reduces the demand for heat sinks for airborne systems and equipment cooling. It is particularly suitable for situations in the aviation field where the heat dissipation of high-heat flux density and high-power equipment continues to increase, and is overly dependent on traditional heat exchange such as fuel and ram air and cannot solve the problem. It is of great significance to achieve low-power, harmless and precise equipment temperature control.

[0004] Therefore, it is desired to have a technical solution to overcome or at least alleviate at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system to solve at least one problem existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of this application is:

[0007] A negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system comprising:

[0008] A phase-change evaporation unit, wherein the phase-change evaporation unit contains a phase-change working medium, and the phase-change evaporation unit has an evaporation unit emergency pressure relief port, an evaporation unit exhaust port, an evaporation unit drain port, and an evaporation unit filling port;

[0009] a heat exchange unit, the heat exchange unit being disposed inside the phase-change evaporation unit, the heat exchange unit having a heat exchange unit inlet and a heat exchange unit outlet, the heat exchange unit inlet being connected to the heat dissipation device outlet A, and the heat exchange unit outlet being connected to the heat dissipation device inlet B;

[0010] an antifreeze heating unit, the antifreeze heating unit being arranged inside the phase change evaporation unit;

[0011] An emergency pressure relief valve, the emergency pressure relief valve having a pressure relief air inlet and a pressure relief air outlet, the pressure relief air inlet being connected to the emergency pressure relief port of the evaporation unit;

[0012] A vacuum generator, the vacuum generator having a vacuum generator working medium air inlet, a vacuum generator gas source inlet and a vacuum generator outlet, the vacuum generator working medium air inlet being connected to the evaporation unit exhaust port;

[0013] An air source regulating valve, the air source regulating valve having an air source regulating valve outlet and an air source regulating valve inlet, the air source regulating valve outlet being connected to the air source inlet of the vacuum generator;

[0014] a discharge unit connected to a drain port of the evaporation unit;

[0015] a measuring unit, the measuring unit being arranged inside the phase change evaporation unit;

[0016] A control unit is used to control the antifreeze heating unit and the air source regulating valve according to the received measurement unit signal.

[0017] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the measuring unit includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a liquid level gauge.

[0018] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the control unit is further configured to send the received low liquid level signal to a host computer of the onboard system.

[0019] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system operates in a low ambient pressure state mode:

[0020] The hot working medium at the outlet A of the heat dissipation device flows into the heat exchange unit inlet of the heat exchange unit. After heat exchange between the heat exchange unit and the phase change evaporation unit, it flows into the inlet B of the heat dissipation device from the outlet of the heat exchange unit. After absorbing heat, the phase change working medium reaches the evaporation temperature and generates steam. The steam enters the working medium air inlet of the vacuum generator through the evaporation unit exhaust port of the phase change evaporation unit. At this time, the internal vacuum degree of the phase change evaporation unit is relatively high, and the air source inlet of the vacuum generator is not connected to the air intake. The steam flows directly from the outlet of the vacuum generator into the ambient atmosphere.

[0021] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system operates in a high ambient pressure state mode:

[0022] The pressure sensor test value received by the control unit is higher than the preset pressure threshold, and the control gas source regulating valve is turned on. The high-pressure gas source flows into the gas source regulating valve inlet, flows out from the gas source regulating valve outlet and enters the vacuum generator gas source inlet. The vacuum generator works, the internal pressure of the phase change evaporation unit decreases, and the hot working medium from the heat dissipation device outlet A flows into the heat exchange unit inlet. After heat exchange between the heat exchange unit and the phase change evaporation unit, it flows into the heat dissipation device inlet B from the heat exchange unit outlet. After absorbing heat, the phase change working medium reaches the evaporation temperature and generates steam. It passes through the evaporation unit exhaust port of the phase change evaporation unit and enters the vacuum generator working medium inlet. After mixing with the gas flowing into the vacuum generator gas source inlet inside the vacuum generator, it flows into the ambient atmosphere from the vacuum generator outlet.

[0023] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system is in an emergency safety pressure relief working mode:

[0024] When the exhaust passage is blocked or the vacuum generator fails and cannot exhaust, the pressure inside the phase change evaporation unit rises and exceeds the limit pressure of the emergency pressure relief valve. The steam enters the pressure relief inlet from the evaporation unit emergency pressure relief port of the phase change evaporation unit and flows into the ambient atmosphere through the pressure relief outlet.

[0025] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system operates in an anti-icing state mode:

[0026] When the temperature inside the phase change evaporation unit is lower than the freezing point, the temperature sensor test value received by the control unit is lower than the preset temperature threshold, and the antifreeze heating unit is controlled to start, heat the phase change working medium, and eliminate ice. When the temperature sensor test value received by the control unit is more than 2°C higher than the freezing point, the antifreeze heating unit is controlled to stop working.

[0027] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system operates in a discharge state mode:

[0028] When the system stops working and the remaining phase change working medium inside the phase change evaporation unit needs to be discharged, the discharge unit is opened, and the remaining phase change working medium flows out from the evaporation unit drain port of the phase change evaporation unit and is discharged to the system drain port C through the discharge unit.

[0029] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system operates in a liquid level alarm state mode:

[0030] When the liquid level gauge test value received by the control unit is lower than the liquid level threshold, a low liquid level signal is sent to the airborne system host computer, and the airborne system host computer controls the heat dissipation device to cut off power, and the hot working medium at the heat dissipation device outlet A no longer flows into the heat exchange unit.

[0031] In at least one embodiment of the present application, the negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system operates in a filling state mode:

[0032] Before the system starts working, when it is necessary to add phase change working medium to the phase change evaporation unit, connect the ground filling equipment to the filling port of the evaporation unit, and add phase change working medium to the phase change evaporation unit until the liquid level reaches the predetermined liquid level value.

[0033] The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0034] The negative pressure-controlled phase change heat transfer system of the present application is suitable for cooling high-power heat dissipation equipment, and is particularly effective for heat dissipation and temperature control of high-heat consumption airborne equipment in the aviation field. It can realize phase change heat transfer of working fluid according to the heat dissipation requirements of high-power equipment, and has the advantages of stable temperature control, high reliability, and strong scalability. This system is an integrated unit, and the system configuration can be adjusted according to the heat exchange requirements, and the phase change working fluid type can be adjusted according to the temperature control range requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a low ambient pressure working mode of an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an ambient pressure high state working mode of an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an emergency safety pressure relief working mode of an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an anti-icing working mode according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the emission state working mode of one embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid level alarm state working mode of one embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the filling state working mode of an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] in:

[0044] 1-Phase change evaporation unit; 101-Emergency pressure relief port of evaporation unit; 102-Evaporation unit exhaust port; 103-Evaporation unit drain port; 104-Evaporation unit filling port; 2-Heat exchange unit; 201-Heat exchange unit inlet; 202-Heat exchange unit outlet; 3-Antifreeze heating unit; 4-Emergency pressure relief valve; 401-Pressure relief air inlet; 402-Pressure relief air outlet; 5-Vacuum generator; 501-Vacuum generator working fluid air inlet; 502-Vacuum generator air source inlet; 503-Vacuum generator outlet; 6-Air source regulating valve; 601-Air source regulating valve outlet; 602-Air source regulating valve inlet; 7-Discharge unit; 701-Drainage inlet; 702-Drainage outlet; 8-Control unit; 9-Pressure sensor; 10-Temperature sensor; 11-Liquid level gauge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain this application, and should not be understood as limitations on this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0046] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 8 This application is described in further detail.

[0048] The present application provides a negative pressure controlled phase change heat exchange system, including a phase change evaporation unit 1, a heat exchange unit 2, an antifreeze heating unit 3, an emergency pressure relief valve 4, a vacuum generator 5, an air source regulating valve 6, a discharge unit 7, a measuring unit and a control unit 8.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the interior of the phase change evaporation unit 1 contains a phase change working medium, and the phase change evaporation unit 1 has four interfaces, namely, an emergency pressure relief port 101 of the evaporation unit, an exhaust port 102 of the evaporation unit, a drain port 103 of the evaporation unit, and a filling port 104 of the evaporation unit; the phase change evaporation unit 1 can be used to store the phase change working medium and perform heat exchange with the heat exchange unit 2, and cool the working medium inside the heat exchange unit 2 by absorbing heat through phase change. The emergency pressure relief port 101 of the evaporation unit is used to relieve pressure when the internal pressure is over-pressured in a fault state, the exhaust port 102 of the evaporation unit is used to discharge the steam after phase change under normal working conditions, the drain port 103 of the evaporation unit is used to discharge the internal residual water when not working, and the filling port 104 of the evaporation unit is used to fill the phase change evaporation unit 1 with the phase change working medium.

[0050] The heat exchange unit 2 is arranged inside the phase change evaporation unit 1. The heat exchange unit 2 has a heat exchange unit inlet 201 and a heat exchange unit outlet 202. The heat exchange unit inlet 201 is connected to the heat dissipation device outlet A through a pipeline, and the heat exchange unit outlet 202 is connected to the heat dissipation device inlet B through a pipeline; the heat exchange unit 2 is used to transfer the heat generated by the heat dissipation device and realize heat exchange with the phase change working medium inside the phase change evaporation unit 1.

[0051] The antifreeze heating unit 3 is arranged inside the phase change evaporation unit 1 and is used to heat the phase change working medium inside the phase change evaporation unit 1 to prevent the working medium from freezing under excessively low temperature conditions.

[0052] The emergency pressure relief valve 4 has a pressure relief air inlet 401 and a pressure relief air outlet 402. The pressure relief air inlet 401 is connected to the evaporation unit emergency pressure relief port 11. The emergency pressure relief valve 4 is used to protect the phase change evaporation unit 1 from overpressure and opens to exhaust and relieve pressure when overpressure occurs.

[0053] The vacuum generator 5 has a vacuum generator working medium air inlet 501, a vacuum generator gas source inlet 502 and a vacuum generator outlet 503. The vacuum generator working medium air inlet 501 is connected to the evaporation unit exhaust port 102. The vacuum generator 5 is used to generate negative pressure inside the phase change evaporation unit 1 to reduce the saturation temperature of the phase change working medium.

[0054] The air source regulating valve 6 has an air source regulating valve outlet 601 and an air source regulating valve inlet 602 . The air source regulating valve outlet 601 is connected to the vacuum generator air source inlet 502 . The air source regulating valve 6 is used to adjust the pressure and flow of the vacuum generator air source inlet 502 .

[0055] The discharge unit 7 has a drainage inlet 701 and a drainage outlet 702 . The drainage inlet 701 is connected to the evaporation unit drain port 103 and is used to discharge the residual phase-change working medium inside the phase-change evaporation unit 1 .

[0056] The measuring unit is arranged inside the phase change evaporation unit 1 and is used to measure the parameters inside the phase change evaporation unit 1. The control unit 8 is used for system control and status monitoring and can control the antifreeze heating unit 3 and the gas source regulating valve 6 according to the received measuring unit signal.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the measuring unit includes a pressure sensor 9, a temperature sensor 10, and a liquid level gauge 11. The control unit 8 monitors the status including the temperature, pressure, and liquid level inside the phase change evaporation unit 1. The control unit 8 can adjust the vacuum degree inside the phase change evaporation unit 1 according to the control requirements and start the antifreeze heating unit 3 before the freezing temperature is reached. Specifically, the pressure sensor 9 is used to measure the pressure inside the phase change evaporation unit 1, provide status information to the control unit 8, and start the on-off adjustment of the gas source regulating valve 6 according to the status to generate the required vacuum conditions inside the phase change evaporation unit 1; the temperature sensor 10 is used to measure the temperature inside the phase change evaporation unit 1 and provide an on-off signal for stopping the antifreeze heating unit 3; the liquid level gauge 11 is used to measure the working fluid capacity inside the phase change evaporation unit 1. The control unit 8 is also used to transmit an alarm signal to the host computer of the airborne system when a low liquid level signal is received.

[0058] The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system of the present application, such as Figure 1 As shown, at high altitude, the ambient pressure is low, and the saturation temperature meets the maximum temperature at the heat dissipation device inlet B. Heat input from the heat dissipation device outlet A exchanges heat with the phase-change working medium through the heat exchange unit 2. The phase-change working medium absorbs heat and evaporates, and is discharged from the phase-change evaporation unit 1 into the vacuum generator 5. Without increasing the vacuum level, the phase-change working medium is discharged from the vacuum generator 5 into the atmosphere. At low altitude or in the middle of the air, when the ambient pressure is high or does not meet the saturation temperature control requirements, heat input from port A exchanges heat with the phase-change working medium through the heat exchange unit 2. The phase-change working medium absorbs heat and evaporates, and is discharged from the phase-change evaporation unit 1 into the vacuum generator 5. The control unit 8, based on the information from the absolute pressure sensor, controls the air source regulating valve 6 on the power air supply path of the vacuum generator 5 to open, increasing the vacuum level within the phase-change evaporation unit 1 and discharging the vapor through the vacuum generator 5 into the atmosphere. If the pressure within the phase-change evaporation unit 1 exceeds the ambient pressure due to a blockage in the exhaust line or a system abnormality, the mechanical emergency pressure relief valve 4 opens to release the pressure and prevent damage to the system due to overpressure. When the temperature inside the phase-change evaporation unit 1 falls below the freezing point, to prevent the phase-change working medium from freezing and potentially causing system failure or damage, the control unit 8, upon receiving a low-temperature signal from the temperature sensor 10, activates the antifreeze heating unit 3 to warm the phase-change working medium. The liquid level inside the phase-change evaporation unit 1 is transmitted to the control unit 8 via the liquid level gauge 11, which receives the liquid level signal and transmits a low-level message when the liquid level falls below the lower limit. When the system is parked on the ground and not in operation, the drain unit 7 can be opened to drain any remaining working medium from the phase-change evaporation unit 1.

[0059] The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system of this application has the following operating modes depending on the usage scenario:

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, in the low ambient pressure working mode:

[0061] The hot working medium at the heat dissipation device outlet A flows into the heat exchange unit inlet 201 of the heat exchange unit 2. After heat exchange between the heat exchange unit 2 and the phase change evaporation unit 1, the hot working medium flows into the heat dissipation device inlet B from the heat exchange unit outlet 202. After absorbing heat, the phase change working medium reaches the evaporation temperature and generates steam. The steam enters the vacuum generator working medium inlet 501 through the evaporation unit exhaust port 102 of the phase change evaporation unit 1. At this time, the internal vacuum degree of the phase change evaporation unit 1 is relatively high, and the vacuum generator gas source inlet 502 is not connected to the air intake. The steam flows directly into the ambient atmosphere from the vacuum generator outlet 503.

[0062] like Figure 3 As shown, in the high ambient pressure working mode:

[0063] The test value of the pressure sensor 9 received by the control unit 8 is higher than the preset pressure threshold, and the control gas source regulating valve 6 is turned on. The high-pressure gas source flows into the gas source regulating valve inlet 602, flows out from the gas source regulating valve outlet 601 and enters the vacuum generator gas source inlet 502. The vacuum generator 5 works, the internal pressure of the phase change evaporation unit 1 decreases, and the hot working medium at the heat dissipation device outlet A flows into the heat exchange unit inlet 201. After heat exchange between the heat exchange unit 2 and the phase change evaporation unit 1, it flows into the heat dissipation device inlet B from the heat exchange unit outlet 202. After absorbing heat, the phase change working medium reaches the evaporation temperature and generates vapor. The vapor enters the vacuum generator working medium inlet 501 through the evaporation unit exhaust port 102 of the phase change evaporation unit 1, mixes with the gas flowing into the vacuum generator gas source inlet 502 inside the vacuum generator 5, and flows into the ambient atmosphere from the vacuum generator outlet 503.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, in the emergency safety pressure relief working mode:

[0065] When the exhaust passage is blocked or the vacuum generator 5 fails and cannot exhaust, the pressure inside the phase change evaporation unit 1 rises and exceeds the limit pressure of the emergency pressure relief valve 4. The steam enters the pressure relief air inlet 401 from the evaporation unit emergency pressure relief port 101 of the phase change evaporation unit 1 and flows into the ambient atmosphere through the pressure relief air outlet 402.

[0066] like Figure 5 As shown, in the anti-icing working mode:

[0067] When the temperature inside the phase change evaporation unit 1 is lower than the freezing point, the test value of the temperature sensor 10 received by the control unit 8 is lower than the preset temperature threshold, and the antifreeze heating unit 3 is controlled to start, heat the phase change working medium, and eliminate ice. When the test value of the temperature sensor 10 received by the control unit 8 is more than 2°C higher than the freezing point, the antifreeze heating unit 3 is controlled to stop working.

[0068] like Figure 6 As shown, in the emission state working mode:

[0069] When the system stops working and the remaining phase-change working medium inside the phase-change evaporation unit 1 needs to be discharged, the discharge unit 7 is opened, and the remaining phase-change working medium flows out from the evaporation unit drain port 103 of the phase-change evaporation unit 1 and is discharged to the system drain port C through the drain inlet 701 and the drain outlet 702 of the discharge unit 7.

[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, in the liquid level alarm working mode:

[0071] When the test value of the liquid level meter 11 received by the control unit 8 is lower than the liquid level threshold, a low liquid level signal is sent to the airborne system host computer, and the airborne system host computer controls the heat dissipation device to cut off power, and the hot working medium at the heat dissipation device outlet A no longer flows into the heat exchange unit 2.

[0072] like Figure 8 As shown, in the filling state working mode:

[0073] Before the system starts working, when it is necessary to add phase change working medium to the phase change evaporation unit 1, the ground filling equipment is connected to the evaporation unit filling port 104, and the phase change working medium is added to the phase change evaporation unit 1 until the liquid level reaches the predetermined liquid level value.

[0074] The negative pressure-controlled phase-change heat transfer system of this application is capable of stable regulation and control even under conditions of continuous operation and constant changes in high heat sources. This application utilizes the high latent heat of the phase-change working medium to provide the equipment with a large heat capacity, and indirectly controls the evaporation temperature by controlling the saturation pressure. This provides highly adaptable and temperature-stable operating conditions when mission system equipment operates in high-power modes and rapidly switches between states.

[0075] Compared with traditional equipment cooling systems, the negative pressure-controlled phase change heat exchange system of the present application has the advantages of large heat capacity, self-heating and heat sinking, low airborne energy consumption, and strong scalability. The system is an integrated unit that can be designed according to the modularization of airborne equipment and can adapt to the heat dissipation needs of different high-power equipment in the form of unit modules.

[0076] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system, characterized in that: include: A phase-change evaporation unit (1), wherein a phase-change working medium is contained in the interior of the phase-change evaporation unit (1), and the phase-change evaporation unit (1) has an evaporation unit emergency pressure relief port (101), an evaporation unit exhaust port (102), an evaporation unit drain port (103), and an evaporation unit filling port (104); A heat exchange unit (2), the heat exchange unit (2) being arranged inside the phase change evaporation unit (1), the heat exchange unit (2) having a heat exchange unit inlet (201) and a heat exchange unit outlet (202), the heat exchange unit inlet (201) being connected to a heat dissipation device outlet A, and the heat exchange unit outlet (202) being connected to a heat dissipation device inlet B; A vacuum generator (5), the vacuum generator (5) having a vacuum generator working medium air inlet (501), a vacuum generator gas source inlet (502), and a vacuum generator outlet (503), the vacuum generator working medium air inlet (501) being connected to the evaporation unit exhaust port (102); An air source regulating valve (6), the air source regulating valve (6) having an air source regulating valve outlet (601) and an air source regulating valve inlet (602), the air source regulating valve outlet (601) being connected to the air source inlet (502) of the vacuum generator; A discharge unit (7), the discharge unit (7) being connected to the evaporation unit drain port (103); A measuring unit, the measuring unit being arranged inside the phase change evaporation unit (1); A control unit (8) for controlling the antifreeze heating unit (3) and the gas source regulating valve (6) according to the received measurement unit signal; The measuring unit includes a pressure sensor (9), a temperature sensor (10) and a liquid level meter (11); The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system operates in a high ambient pressure state mode: When the test value of the pressure sensor (9) received by the control unit (8) is higher than the preset pressure threshold, the control gas source regulating valve (6) is turned on, and the high-pressure gas source flows into the gas source regulating valve inlet (602), flows out from the gas source regulating valve outlet (601) and enters the vacuum generator gas source inlet (502), the vacuum generator (5) works, the internal pressure of the phase change evaporation unit (1) decreases, the hot working medium at the heat dissipation device outlet A flows into the heat exchange unit inlet (201), and after heat exchange with the phase change evaporation unit (1) through the heat exchange unit (2), flows into the heat dissipation device inlet B through the heat exchange unit outlet (202), and after absorbing heat, the phase change working medium reaches the evaporation temperature and generates steam, which enters the vacuum generator working medium inlet (501) through the evaporation unit exhaust port (102) of the phase change evaporation unit (1), mixes with the gas flowing into the vacuum generator gas source inlet (502) inside the vacuum generator (5), and flows into the ambient atmosphere through the vacuum generator outlet (503).

2. The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: an antifreeze heating unit (3), the antifreeze heating unit (3) being arranged inside the phase change evaporation unit (1); An emergency pressure relief valve (4) is provided, wherein the emergency pressure relief valve (4) has a pressure relief air inlet (401) and a pressure relief air outlet (402), and the pressure relief air inlet (401) is connected to the evaporation unit emergency pressure relief port (101).

3. The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control unit (8) is also used to send the received low liquid level signal to the onboard system host computer.

4. The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system operates in a low ambient pressure state: The hot working medium at the heat dissipation device outlet A flows into the heat exchange unit inlet (201) of the heat exchange unit (2), and after heat exchange between the heat exchange unit (2) and the phase change evaporation unit (1), flows into the heat dissipation device inlet B from the heat exchange unit outlet (202). After absorbing heat, the phase change working medium reaches the evaporation temperature and generates steam, which enters the vacuum generator working medium air inlet (501) through the evaporation unit exhaust port (102) of the phase change evaporation unit (1). At this time, the internal vacuum degree of the phase change evaporation unit (1) is relatively high, the vacuum generator gas source inlet (502) is not connected to the air intake, and the steam flows directly into the ambient atmosphere from the vacuum generator outlet (503).

5. The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system is in the emergency safety pressure relief working mode: When the exhaust passage is blocked or the vacuum generator (5) fails and cannot exhaust, the pressure inside the phase change evaporation unit (1) rises and exceeds the limit pressure of the emergency pressure relief valve (4), and the steam enters the pressure relief air inlet (401) from the evaporation unit emergency pressure relief port (101) of the phase change evaporation unit (1) and flows into the ambient atmosphere through the pressure relief air outlet (402).

6. The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system is in the anti-icing working mode: When the temperature inside the phase change evaporation unit (1) is lower than the freezing point, and the test value of the temperature sensor (10) received by the control unit (8) is lower than a preset temperature threshold, the antifreeze heating unit (3) is controlled to start, heat the phase change working medium, and eliminate ice. When the test value of the temperature sensor (10) received by the control unit (8) is higher than the freezing point by more than 2°C, the antifreeze heating unit (3) is controlled to stop working.

7. The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system is in the discharge state working mode: When the system stops working and the remaining phase-change working medium in the phase-change evaporation unit (1) needs to be discharged, the discharge unit (7) is opened, and the remaining phase-change working medium flows out from the evaporation unit drain port (103) of the phase-change evaporation unit (1) and is discharged to the system drain port C through the discharge unit (7).

8. The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system is in the liquid level alarm state working mode: When the test value of the liquid level meter (11) received by the control unit (8) is lower than the liquid level threshold, a low liquid level signal is sent to the onboard system host computer, and the onboard system host computer controls the heat dissipation device to be powered off, so that the hot working medium at the outlet A of the heat dissipation device no longer flows into the heat exchange unit (2).

9. The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The negative pressure controlled phase change heat transfer system is in the filling state working mode: Before the system starts working, when it is necessary to add phase change working medium to the interior of the phase change evaporation unit (1), the ground filling device is connected to the evaporation unit filling port (104), and the phase change working medium is added to the interior of the phase change evaporation unit (1) until the liquid level reaches a predetermined liquid level value.

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