A method for ecological restoration of peat moss swamp wetlands

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for ecological restoration of a sphagnum swamp wetland, comprising the following steps: collecting sphagnum swamp wetland plants and peat soil in the habitat to be restored, moving them to a greenhouse for cultivation, and increasing the number of sphagnum swamp wetland plants; removing invasive plant plants and propagules; cutting off the root zone of the invasive plant and the soil above and below it to construct a restoration groove; keeping the restoration groove in a flooded state to be restored; laying a matrix layer on the restoration groove, and covering the matrix layer with the sphagnum swamp wetland cultivated by the present invention. The present invention rapidly increases the number of sphagnum swamp wetland ecological restoration plants by artificially cultivating the sphagnum swamp growing in the restoration site. In addition, the present invention selects the sphagnum swamp wetland plants and peat soil to be restored, thereby avoiding the ecological differences between the restored and transplanted sphagnum swamp wetland and the sphagnum swamp wetland, and the sphagnum swamp wetland plants used for ecological restoration can adapt to the ecological environment of the restoration site more quickly, with a higher survival rate and a good restoration effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration and relates to an ecological restoration method for a peat moss habitat. Background Art

[0002] Peat mosses belong to the genus Sphagnum of the family Sphagaceae. There are about 50 species of peat mosses in China. Peat mosses are one of the dominant species in oligotrophic peatlands and are the plants that contribute the most to the accumulation of peat in peatlands. Peat mosses decompose slowly after death, and the accumulation of their living bodies and their remains create considerable biomass for peatlands. Peat mosses live in a low-temperature and humid environment and are mainly distributed in the frigid and northern temperate zones. In my country, peat mosses are mainly distributed in Changbai Mountain, Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains in Northeast China. Peat mosses in subtropical areas are mainly scattered in mountainous areas above 1,000 meters above sea level, such as the intermountain depression catchment area of ​​the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Shennongjia in Hubei, Tianbao Rock in Fujian, and Longwang Mountain in Zhejiang.

[0003] Due to climate warming, wetland aridification, human disturbance and other reasons, most of the existing peat moss wetlands in my country are ecosystems where peat mosses and vascular plants coexist. Wetlands composed of pure peat mosses are very rare. Peat mosses prefer low temperature environments, and climate warming causes the shrinkage of peat mosses. The aridification of swamp wetlands provides a suitable habitat for vascular plants to invade peat moss habitats. Human disturbance has caused the thinning of peat moss thickness and eutrophication of wetland water quality. Peat mosses are distributed in oligotrophic areas, and water bodies threaten the survival of peat mosses. Peat mosses gradually coexist with vascular plants, and the rhizosphere stimulation effect of vascular plants accelerates the decomposition of carbon substances accumulated in peatlands. In subtropical regions, ferns invade peat moss wetlands, causing the area of ​​peat mosses to shrink.

[0004] The shrinking area of ​​sphagnum moss will further affect the survival of other species. For example, the Anji Hypsilophis davidianus is a rare species unique to my country and a globally endangered species. The population is less than 1,000 and is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. The Anji Hypsilophis davidianus in my country is mainly distributed in the sphagnum moss swamps of Anji Longwang Mountain (1,330m above sea level), Lin'an Qingliang Peak (1,610m above sea level), and Anhui Qingliang Peak (1,450m above sea level). At present, the three habitats of the Anji Hypsilophis davidianus are small in area, less than 3 hectares. The growth and reproduction of the Anji Hypsilophis davidianus are highly dependent on sphagnum moss and breeding water pits, and there is a phenomenon of sphagnum moss degradation in the habitat: sphagnum moss has the characteristics of being difficult to decompose, strong in water absorption, and easy to accumulate, causing the sphagnum moss swamp to show a trend of drought; at the same time, there is a community succession phenomenon in the habitat of the Anji Hypsilophis davidianus; the daylily-large sphagnum moss community is gradually replaced by the Fujian purple dust-sparse flower Polygonum community, which greatly threatens the survival of the Anji Hypsilophis davidianus. This makes the ecological restoration of peat bog wetlands have greater ecological returns. Through the ecological restoration of peat bog wetlands, the precious animals and plants that depend on peat bog wetlands for survival can be protected.

[0005] In the prior art, although there are relevant technical literatures on artificial cultivation of peat moss, these artificially cultivated peat mosses are not suitable for ecological restoration of peat moss swamp wetlands. In ecological restoration work, at least the ecological adaptability of peat moss plants, the effect of invasive plants on peat moss in peat moss swamp wetlands, and the further ecological imbalance caused by the failure of ecological restoration on peat moss swamp wetlands should be considered.

[0006] There is no technical means to repair ferns invading peat moss wetlands in the prior art. However, many ferns are sturdy and their invasion of peat moss wetlands has always been a technical problem that has troubled ecological restoration workers. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for ecological restoration of peat moss swamp wetlands.

[0008] The inventor has continuously innovated and reformed through long-term exploration and attempts, as well as multiple experiments and efforts, to solve the above technical problems. The technical solution provided by the present invention is to provide a method for ecological restoration of peat moss swamp wetlands, including a peat moss cultivation step and a field habitat restoration step:

[0009] Step S1, peat moss cultivation:

[0010] Collect the peat moss plants and peat soil from the peat moss swamp wetland to be restored, move them to the greenhouse for 1 to 5 generations, and increase the number of peat moss plants;

[0011] Step S2: Wild habitat restoration:

[0012] Step S21, removing invasive plant plants and propagules;

[0013] Step S22, removing the root zone of the invasive plant and the soil above and below it to construct a repair groove;

[0014] Step S23, keep the repair tank in a flooded state, waiting for repair;

[0015] Step S24, laying a matrix layer in the repair groove, and covering the matrix layer with the peat moss cultivated in S1.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands of the present invention, step S1 is:

[0017] Cut the peat moss into small sections and spread the sections evenly on the peat soil. Add humus soil supernatant into the substrate to adjust the pH value of the substrate to be acidic.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands of the present invention, step S1 is:

[0019] Cut the peat moss into 5-10 mm small segments and evenly spread them or stack them in two layers on the peat soil. The total planting density is 40-60 g / m 2 , add humus supernatant to the substrate regularly or irregularly to keep the liquid in the substrate submerged but not the peat moss, and adjust the pH value to 6-7; keep the peat moss plants moist and not dry.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the peat moss swamp wetland ecological restoration method of the present invention, in step S1, the culture temperature is 10-30°C; the air humidity is 80%-100%; supplementary light is provided on rainy days, and the light intensity is controlled within 8000Lx; after the peat moss grows new buds, gibberellin solution is sprayed on the peat moss to promote the growth of the peat moss.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands of the present invention, in step S21, the invasive plants include ferns.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands of the present invention, in step S22, the soil 50 to 80 cm deep under the area covered by the invasive plants is cut off.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands of the present invention, in step S23, the restoration tank is kept flooded for more than 2 months.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands of the present invention, in step S24, the thickness of the substrate layer is greater than 20 cm, and the substrate is peat soil.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands of the present invention, in step S24, the sphagnum moss covering thickness is more than 20 cm, and the covered sphagnum moss is level with the surrounding sphagnum moss in its original state.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands of the present invention, it also includes a step of dynamic detection of sphagnum growth and a step of supplementary restoration after habitat restoration.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages:

[0028] a) The present invention targets factors that interfere with soil carbon storage in peatlands, such as plant invasion, and adopts methods such as indoor cultivation of peat moss, removal of invasive plants, deepening the soil depth, and covering with peat moss to quickly and effectively restore peat moss swamp wetlands. The method of the present invention can also be used to repair peat moss habitats that have been degraded due to thin peat moss layers, overgrazing, etc.

[0029] b) The present invention can increase the number of peat moss plants geometrically by artificially cultivating the peat moss growing in the site to be restored, and quickly increase the number of peat moss plants that can be used for ecological restoration of peat moss swamp wetlands. In addition, the present invention selects peat moss and peat soil of the peat moss swamp wetland to be restored, avoiding the ecological difference between the peat moss transplanted for restoration and the peat moss swamp wetland. The peat moss plants used for ecological restoration can adapt to the ecological environment of the restoration site more quickly, have a higher survival rate, and have a good restoration effect.

[0030] c) In one embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of sphagnum moss swamp wetlands of the present invention, by removing the invasive plants and propagules, the harm of invasive plants in the restoration site is completely eradicated, ensuring that the restored sphagnum moss swamp wetlands will not be invaded again. For ferns, the remaining roots and spores are their propagules.

[0031] d) In one embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of peat moss swamp wetlands of the present invention, by removing the root zone of the invasive plant and the soil above and below it, the secondary metabolites or decayed remains of the invasive plant are prevented from having a harmful effect on the restored peat moss, and the invasive plant is prevented from being allelopathic to the peat moss. The parts where ferns release chemical substances mainly include roots, stems, leaves, etc., and the release methods include secretion, volatilization, rainwater washing, and decay of the remains. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following describes the invention in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] The method for ecological restoration of sphagnum moss swamp wetland described in this embodiment includes a sphagnum moss cultivation step and a field habitat restoration step. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0035] Step S1, culturing peat moss.

[0036] Collect the peat moss plants and peat soil from the peat moss swamp wetland to be restored, move them to the greenhouse and culture them for 1 to 5 generations. The peat moss plants obtained by the first culture in the greenhouse are the first generation. The second generation of peat moss plants is obtained by amplification and culture based on the first generation, and so on, so as to increase the number of peat moss plants. Cut the peat moss into 5-10 mm small segments, evenly spread them or place them on the peat soil in two layers with the same wet weight, with a total planting density of 40-60 g / m 2 , add humus soil supernatant to the substrate regularly or irregularly, keep the liquid in the substrate submerged but not the peat moss, adjust the pH value to 6-7; keep the peat moss plants moist and not dry. The culture temperature is 10-30°C; the air humidity is 80%-100%; supplement light on rainy days, and the light intensity is controlled within 8000Lx; after the peat moss grows new buds, spray gibberellin solution on the peat moss to promote the growth of peat moss.

[0037] Step S2: wild habitat restoration.

[0038] Step S21, removing invasive plants and propagules. In subtropical areas, ferns invading sphagnum wetlands and causing the shrinkage of sphagnum areas is a very large technical problem. Invading ferns, such as Osmanthus fragrans, cover areas that are severely drought-stricken and soil-hardened, and their remaining roots, spores, etc. can be propagules, causing ferns to continue to reproduce in sphagnum wetlands.

[0039] Step S22, cutting off the root zone of the invasive plants and the soil above and below to construct a repair groove. In order to avoid the influence of the propagules, residues and secondary metabolites of invasive plants, especially ferns, on the peat moss, in the ecological restoration of the peat moss swamp wetland, the soil 50 to 80 cm deep under the area covered by the invasive plants is cut off. The depth of the repair groove is determined according to the size of the plants and the depth of the root system of the invasive plants.

[0040] Step S23, keep the repair tank flooded and wait for repair. Keep the repair tank flooded for more than 2 months, for example, keep the repair tank flooded for 2 to 3 months. On the one hand, observe the invasive plants in the repair tank and its surroundings to see if there are any new invasive plants growing. On the other hand, naturally dilute and digest the secondary metabolites of invasive plants that may still remain in the matrix around the repair tank, so as to provide suitable growth conditions for the later peat moss.

[0041] Step S24, laying a matrix layer on the repair groove, and covering the first, second, third, fourth or fifth generation peat moss cultivated in S1 on the matrix layer. The initial source of these artificially cultivated peat moss plants is the peat moss plants collected from the site, the thickness of the matrix layer is more than 20 cm, and the selected matrix is ​​peat soil. The peat moss covering thickness is more than 20 cm, and the covered peat moss is level with the surrounding peat moss in its original state.

[0042] In this embodiment, in October 2020, the original peat moss provenance of three peatlands in Longtang Mountain (Lin'an Qingliang Peak), Longwang Mountain (Anji), and Dayan Lake (Qingyuan Huangpi Wetland) was used for cultivation, and four types of peat mosses in Longtang Mountain (i.e., Sphagnum cuspidatulum, S.jnsenii, S.junfhuhnianum, S.ovatum), two types of peat mosses in Longwang Mountain (S.junfhuhnianum, S.palustre), and one type of peat moss in Dayan Lake (S.multifibrosum) were cultivated respectively. The peat soil of each of the peatlands in Longtang Mountain, Longwang Mountain, and Dayan Lake was used as the cultivation medium, and the peat moss was cut into small sections of about 5-10 mm and evenly spread on the peat soil, with a planting density of 50g / m 2 , add 5% humus supernatant, do not submerge the peat moss, and control the pH value at around 6.0. In order to maintain a high humidity environment, install a row of micro-sprinkler irrigation equipment on the culture bed, spray clean water 2-3 times a day, and add humus supernatant once a month. Maintain room temperature (10-30°C). If the temperature exceeds 30°C, turn on the air conditioner to keep the temperature below 30°C. Install lighting equipment to provide supplementary light on rainy days. The light intensity should be controlled within 8000Lx, and supplementary lights can be installed. After new buds grow, use a micro-spray bottle containing 0.0001% gibberellin solution to spray an appropriate amount of gibberellin solution on the peat moss to promote the growth of the peat moss. The length and weight of each peat moss after one year of cultivation are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1. Peat moss culture results.

[0044]

[0045] In mid-October, invasive plants such as Osmundastrum cinnamomeum are removed. Osmundastrum cinnamomeum is a deciduous fern plant with a short, thick, upright rhizome or a thick, fat, cylindrical main axis. After the leaves fall in autumn, artificial felling measures are taken to remove all Osmundastrum cinnamomeum in the peatland, and 60 cm deep soil under the area covered by Osmundastrum cinnamomeum is dug to form a repair groove or repair pit. The water in the swamp wetland is immersed in the repair groove, and the flooded state is maintained for 2 months. Then, a 30 cm thick peat soil layer is laid in the repair groove, and a 30 cm thick peat moss artificially cultivated by the present invention is laid on the peat soil layer, and it is made substantially level with the surrounding peat moss in the original state, completing the ecological restoration of the peat moss swamp wetland.

[0046] The original warm-land peat moss swamp plot in Longwang Mountain was used as control 1, and the plot near the original warm-land peat moss swamp plot in Longwang Mountain after fern invasion was used as control 2. Compared with the warm-land peat moss swamp restored in Longtang Mountain one year ago, surface soil samples at a depth of 2-3 cm were collected, and the test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0047] Table 2 Comparison of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents.

[0048] Comparison 1 Comparison 2 Repair Process <![CDATA[Soil Organic Carbon SOC (g kg -1 )]]> 367.40±149.25a 178.84±113.45b 251.33±97.21ab <![CDATA[Total nitrogen in soil TN (g kg -1 )]]> 18.75±9.63a 8.78±6.78c 14.24±2.31b <![CDATA[Total phosphorus in soil TP (g kg -1 )]]> 0.73±0.31a 0.51±0.27a 0.57±0.13a

[0049] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the p=0.05 level.

[0050] The results showed that one year after restoration, the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the soil at the roots of peat moss were higher than those in the invaded plots.

[0051] After completing the ecological restoration of the peat moss swamp wetland, by monitoring the growth dynamics of peat moss after the peatland habitat was restored, and measuring the soil carbon accumulation after the peatland habitat was restored, it was confirmed that the restoration method of the peat moss swamp wetland was very effective in restoring the peat moss swamp wetland.

[0052] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of peat moss swamp wetlands, characterized in that: Including peat moss cultivation steps and wild habitat restoration steps: Step S1, peat moss cultivation: Collect the peat moss plants and peat soil in the habitat of the peat moss swamp wetland to be restored, move them to the greenhouse for 1 to 5 generations, and increase the number of peat moss plants; cut the peat moss into 5 to 10 mm small segments, evenly spread them flat or stack them in two layers on the peat soil, and the total planting density is 40 to 60 g / m 2 , add humus supernatant to the substrate regularly or irregularly, keep the liquid in the substrate submerged but not the peat moss, adjust the pH value to 6-7; keep the peat moss plants moist and not dry; Step S2: Wild habitat restoration: Step S21, removing invasive plant plants and propagules; Step S22, removing the root zone of the invasive plant and the soil above and below it to construct a repair groove; Step S23, keeping the repair tank flooded and waiting for repair; Step S24, laying a matrix layer in the repair groove, and covering the matrix layer with the peat moss cultivated in S1.

2. The method for ecological restoration of sphagnum moss swamp wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the culture temperature is 10-30° C.; the air humidity is 80%-100%; supplementary light is provided on rainy days, and the light intensity is controlled within 8000 Lx; after the peat moss grows new buds, gibberellin solution is sprayed on the peat moss to promote the growth of the peat moss.

3. The method for ecological restoration of sphagnum moss swamp wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S21, the sphagnum moss swamp wetland to be restored is a sphagnum moss swamp wetland with invasive plants; the invasive plants include ferns.

4. The method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: In step S22, the soil at a depth of 50 to 80 cm below the area covered by the invasive plants is cut off.

5. The method for ecological restoration of sphagnum moss swamp wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S23, the repair tank is kept flooded for more than 2 months.

6. The method for ecological restoration of sphagnum moss swamp wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S24, the thickness of the substrate layer is more than 20 cm, and the substrate is peat soil.

7. The method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: In step S24, the peat moss covering thickness is more than 20 cm, and the covered peat moss is level with the surrounding peat moss in its original state.

8. The method for ecological restoration of sphagnum swamp wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a step of detecting the growth dynamics of peat moss and a step of supplementary restoration after habitat restoration.

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