A reverse shaft boring machine and its cutterhead

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cutterhead, which relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machines, and comprises a central disc body that is power-connected to the output end of the main drive component mounted on the machine body and can rotate, a plurality of spoke arms connected to the central disc body, and a roller cutter arranged on the top surface of each spoke arm, each spoke arm is distributed circumferentially along the central disc body, and a material guide trough is connected between the bottom surfaces of any two adjacent spoke arms in the circumferential direction, which is used to cover the main drive component and hold debris, and the bottom surface of each material guide trough is inclined and extends downward, so that the held debris slides to the target position under the action of its own weight. The cutterhead provided by the present invention utilizes the material guide trough to cover and protect the main drive component and other parts below the central disc body, which can prevent the debris generated during the excavation process from causing collision damage to the main drive component, thereby increasing the service life of the parts and facilitating slag discharge. The present invention also discloses a reverse shaft tunnel boring machine, the beneficial effects of which are as described above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machines, in particular to a cutter head. The present invention also relates to a reverse shaft tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a machine used to excavate tunnels through flat ground. There are many types of tunnel boring machines, including TBMs (tunnel boring machines), shield machines, and shaft boring machines.

[0003] Traditional raise boring machines consist of a ground drive, drill rod, and cutterhead. During construction, the ground drive provides power, driving the drill rod to rotate the cutterhead, breaking rock. The broken rock debris randomly falls below the shaft. With the advancement of vertical shaft boring machine technology, reverse shaft boring machines (TBMs) with the drive positioned below the cutterhead have emerged. While vertical shaft boring machines typically advance downward, perpendicular to the ground, reverse shaft boring machines typically advance upward, perpendicular to the ground.

[0004] In the construction of vertical shaft boring machines, a typical operation involves first vertically drilling a small-diameter pilot hole, then reaming the hole using a larger-diameter tunnel boring machine or drilling rig. Reverse shaft boring machines (TBMs) employ the same method, ream-ing the pilot hole, albeit in the opposite direction. As the large-diameter TBM excavates the hole, the excavated soil slides outward along the tapered surface of the reamed hole under the influence of gravity, then enters the pilot hole at the bottom and drains through the pilot hole into the tunnel chamber below the shaft, effectively using the pilot hole as a slag discharge channel. However, with reverse shaft boring machines, since the cutterhead is located below the tunnel face, the excavated soil falls vertically under the influence of gravity and cannot be discharged through the pilot hole. Furthermore, some of this fallen soil can easily strike components such as the main drive below the cutterhead, causing collision damage. While these components are generally structurally strong, prolonged impact with soil can lead to surface wear, material fatigue, reduced service life, and soil clogging of structural gaps.

[0005] Therefore, how to prevent the debris generated during the excavation process from causing collision damage to the main drive components, improve the service life of the components, and facilitate slag discharge is a technical problem faced by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a cutterhead that can prevent debris generated during excavation from causing collision damage to the main drive components, thereby increasing the service life of the components and facilitating the removal of debris. Another object of the present invention is to provide a reverse shaft boring machine.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a cutter disc, comprising a central disc body that is power-connected to the output end of a main drive component mounted on a body and can rotate, a plurality of spoke arms connected to the central disc body, and a roller cutter arranged on the top surface of each of the spoke arms, each of the spoke arms being distributed circumferentially along the central disc body, and a material guide trough being connected between the bottom surfaces of any two adjacent spoke arms in the circumferential direction, for covering the main drive component and receiving debris, and the bottom surface of each material guide trough is inclined and extends downward so that the received debris can slide to the target position under the action of its own weight.

[0008] Preferably, the outer end of the bottom surface of each material guide trough extends to the outside of the fuselage, so that the debris slides outside the fuselage under the action of its own weight.

[0009] Preferably, the material guiding trough comprises two trough side plates respectively connected to the bottom surfaces of two adjacent spoke arms, and a trough bottom plate connected between the two trough side plates, and the trough bottom plate extends obliquely downward.

[0010] Preferably, the distance between the outer end of the groove bottom plate and the central axis of the central disk body is greater than or equal to the distance between the outer end of the spoke arm and the central axis of the central disk body.

[0011] Preferably, the length direction of each spoke arm is inclined downward to form a conical tunnel face by excavation.

[0012] Preferably, 4 to 8 spoke arms are connected to the central disk body, and the spoke arms are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central disk body.

[0013] Preferably, the central disk is polygonal, and each of the spoke arms is connected to a corresponding side edge of the central disk.

[0014] Preferably, a transmission connection member is provided on the bottom surface of the central disk body, and the transmission connection member forms a power connection with the output end of the main driving component.

[0015] Preferably, a connecting rod is connected between the opposite side surfaces of any two adjacent radial arms in the circumferential direction to connect the radial arms into one.

[0016] The present invention also provides a reverse shaft boring machine, comprising a machine body and a cutter head connected to the machine body, wherein the cutter head is specifically any one of the cutter heads described above.

[0017] The cutterhead provided by the present invention mainly includes a central disc body, spoke arms, roller cutters and a material guide trough. Among them, the central disc body is the main structural component of the cutterhead, which is mainly used to install the remaining components. It is specifically located in the center of the entire cutterhead and forms a power connection with the output end of the main drive component installed on the body of the reverse shaft boring machine. It can rotate under the power drive of the main drive component. The spoke arms are connected to the central disc body, and are also connected to multiple spoke arms. Each spoke arm is distributed along the circumferential direction of the central disc body, and the outer end of each spoke arm extends outward to cover the tunnel face. When the central disc body rotates, each spoke arm also rotates synchronously. The roller cutters are arranged on each spoke arm, specifically on the top surface of the spoke arm, facing the tunnel face above the spoke arm. Generally, multiple roller cutters are arranged along the length direction (or extension direction) of the spoke arm. They are mainly used to move synchronously with the spoke arm when it rotates to cut the tunnel face. The material guide trough is arranged between the bottom surfaces of any two adjacent radial arms in the circumferential direction, closing the circumferential gap between the radial arms. Each material guide trough and each radial arm are combined to form an umbrella-shaped structure to cover the main drive components and other parts located below the central disc body. When the hob cuts the face, it can collect the debris generated to prevent the debris from hitting the main drive components. At the same time, the bottom surface of each material guide trough extends outward in an inclined downward posture, that is, forming an inclined trough, so that the collected debris can slide outward along the bottom surface of the material guide trough to the target position under the action of its own weight, which is convenient for subsequent centralized collection and slag discharge operations. In this way, the cutter head provided by the present invention uses the material guide trough to cover and protect the main drive components and other parts below the central disc body, which can prevent the debris generated during the excavation process from causing collision damage to the main drive components, thereby increasing the service life of the components and facilitating slag discharge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific implementation method provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 rear view.

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 side view.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working status of the reverse shaft boring machine.

[0023] in, Figure 1 — Figure 4 middle:

[0024] Main drive component - 1, center plate - 2, spoke arm - 3, hob - 4, guide trough - 5, transmission connector - 6, connecting rod - 7;

[0025] Groove side plate—51, groove bottom plate—52. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 4 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment provided by the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working status of the reverse shaft boring machine.

[0028] In a specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the cutter disc mainly includes a central disc body 2, a spoke arm 3, a roller cutter 4 and a material guide trough 5.

[0029] Among them, the central disc body 2 is the main structural component of the cutter disc, which is mainly used to install other components. It is specifically located at the center of the entire cutter disc and forms a power connection with the output end of the main drive component 1 installed on the body of the reverse shaft boring machine. It can rotate under the power drive of the main drive component 1.

[0030] The spokes 3 are connected to the central disk 2. Multiple spokes 3 are connected to the spokes 3. Each spoke 3 is distributed along the circumference of the central disk 2, with the outer end of each spoke 3 extending outward to cover the tunnel face. When the central disk 2 rotates, the spokes 3 also rotate synchronously.

[0031] The cutter 4 is arranged on each spoke arm 3, specifically on the top surface of the spoke arm 3, facing the tunnel face above the spoke arm 3. Generally, multiple cutters are arranged along the length direction (or extension direction) of the spoke arm 3. They are mainly used to move synchronously with the spoke arm 3 to cut the tunnel face when the spoke arm 3 rotates.

[0032] The material guide trough 5 is arranged between the bottom surfaces of any two adjacent radial arms 3 in the circumferential direction, closing the circumferential gap of each radial arm 3. Each material guide trough 5 is combined with each radial arm 3 to form an umbrella-shaped structure to cover the main drive component 1 and other components located below the central disk 2. When the roller cutter 4 cuts the face, it can collect the debris generated to prevent the debris from hitting the main drive component 1; at the same time, the bottom surface of each material guide trough 5 extends outward in an inclined downward posture, that is, forming an inclined trough, so that the collected debris can slide outward along the bottom surface of the material guide trough 5 to the target position under the action of its own weight, which is convenient for subsequent centralized collection and slag discharge operations.

[0033] In this way, the cutter head provided in this embodiment uses the material guide trough 5 to cover and protect the main drive component 1 and other components under the central disc body 2, which can prevent the debris generated during the excavation process from causing collision damage to the main drive component 1, thereby increasing the service life of the components and facilitating slag discharge.

[0034] In an optional embodiment of the material guide trough 5, the bottom surface of the material guide trough 5 is inclined downward and extends outward to the outside of the body of the reverse shaft boring machine, so that the debris received by the material guide trough 5 can slide along the material guide trough 5 to the outside of the body, thereby preventing the debris from falling on the body. The debris then continues to fall to the ground of the culvert, tunnel, etc., which is convenient for centralized processing and transportation.

[0035] Of course, the debris received by the material guide trough 5 may not slide directly out of the fuselage, but may slide into the collection device installed on the outer edge of the fuselage (the main drive component 1 is installed in the central area of ​​the fuselage). At this time, the outer end of the bottom surface of the material guide trough 5 only needs to extend to the outer edge of the fuselage.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 for Figure 1 side view.

[0037] To facilitate the connection between the guide trough 5 and the corresponding two spoke arms 3, in this embodiment, the guide trough 5 is a split structure, primarily comprising trough side panels 51 and a trough bottom panel 52. Two trough side panels 51 are provided: one trough side panel 51 is connected to the bottom surface of one of the two circumferentially adjacent spoke arms 3, while the other trough side panel 51 is connected to the bottom surface of the other circumferentially adjacent spoke arms 3. The two trough side panels 51 converge toward the center, while the sides of the trough bottom panel 52 are connected to the two trough side panels 51, forming a trough-shaped structure. One end of the trough bottom panel 52 is connected to the outer wall of the central disk 2, while the other end extends outward at an angle downward to allow debris to slide down the trough bottom panel 52.

[0038] Generally, the trough structure formed by the two trough side plates 51 and the trough bottom plate 52 can be a rectangular trough, an arc-shaped groove, a trapezoidal groove, etc.

[0039] Of course, the material guide trough 5 can also be an integral structure, in which case it is equivalent to the two trough side plates 51 and the trough bottom plate 52 being integrally formed.

[0040] Furthermore, to ensure that the coverage area of ​​the machine body by the material guide chute 5 is no smaller than the area where debris falls, in this embodiment, the distance between the outer end of the chute bottom plate 52 and the central axis of the center disk 2 is greater than or equal to the distance between the outer end of the spoke arm 3 and the central axis of the center disk 2. This is equivalent to the outer end of the chute bottom plate 52 extending further than the outer end of the spoke arm 3, or maintaining the same extension distance. This arrangement ensures that the material guide chute 5 can always receive all debris that falls on the tunnel face, preventing any debris from being missed.

[0041] In an optional embodiment of the spokes 3, each spoke 3 is tilted downward along its length and distributed circumferentially around the central disk 2. This creates a tapered structure, facilitating the expansion of the guide hole and forming a tapered tunnel face. Generally, the guide trough 5 also extends downward at an angle, with the angle of inclination being comparable to or greater than that of the spokes 3. This arrangement creates an umbrella-like structure, with each spoke 3 acting as the ribs of the umbrella and each guide trough 5 acting as the fabric.

[0042] Generally, to improve excavation efficiency, in this embodiment, four to eight spokes 3 are connected to the center disc 2. These spokes 3 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the center disc 2, meaning that any two adjacent spokes 3 maintain the same angle between their centers. For example, six spokes 3 are connected to the center disc 2, with the angle between adjacent spokes 3 being 60°. With this arrangement, a greater number of spokes 3 allows for a greater number of installed roller cutters 4, leading to higher excavation efficiency at the tunnel face. The specific number should be adjusted based on actual needs.

[0043] In an alternative embodiment of the central disk 2, the central disk 2 is specifically a polygonal disk-shaped structure, with the number of its sides being equal to the number of spokes 3, such that one end of each spoke 3 can be connected to a corresponding side of the central disk 2. For example, if there are six spokes 3, the central disk 2 can be hexagonal. Of course, the central disk 2 can also be circular or other shapes.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 for Figure 1 rear view.

[0045] To facilitate the power connection between the center disk 2 and the main drive component 1, a transmission connector 6 is provided in this embodiment. Specifically, the transmission connector 6 is disposed on the bottom surface of the center disk 2, facing the main drive component 1 below the center disk 2, and forms a power connection with the output end of the main drive component 1. Generally, the output end of the main drive component 1 can be a rotating disk, and the transmission connector 6 can be a flange connected to the rotating disk, etc., to conveniently and efficiently drive the center disk 2 to rotate. Of course, the transmission connector 6 can also be a connecting shaft, etc., to connect to the output shaft of the main drive component 1.

[0046] Furthermore, to enhance the structural strength of the cutterhead, a connecting rod 7 is provided in this embodiment. Specifically, the connecting rod 7 connects between any two circumferentially adjacent spokes 3 to connect the spokes 3 into a single, integrated structure, thereby strengthening the connection strength of the spokes 3. Generally, given that the spokes 3 are circumferentially distributed on the central disc body 2, the connecting rod 7 can be a curved rod, with the circumferential ends of each curved rod connected end to end, thereby forming a single, integrated structure.

[0047] At the same time, considering that a material guide trough 5 is connected between the corresponding two spoke arms 3, in order to avoid interference between the material guide trough 5 and the connecting rod 7 and prevent the connecting rod 7 from affecting the sliding of the debris, in this embodiment, the two ends of the connecting rod 7 are respectively connected to the opposite side surfaces of the corresponding two spoke arms 3. Since the two trough side plates 51 of the material guide trough 5 are respectively connected to the bottom surfaces of the two spoke arms 3, the setting position of the connecting rod 7 is higher than the setting position of the material guide trough 5, thereby avoiding affecting the sliding of the debris.

[0048] This embodiment also provides a reverse shaft boring machine, which mainly includes a machine body and a cutter head connected to the machine body, wherein the specific content of the cutter head is the same as the above-mentioned related content and will not be repeated here.

[0049] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A cutter head, characterized in that: The invention comprises a central disc body (2) which is connected to the output end of a main driving component (1) mounted on a machine body and can rotate, a plurality of radial arms (3) connected to the central disc body (2), and a roller (4) arranged on the top surface of each radial arm (3), wherein each radial arm (3) is distributed along the circumference of the central disc body (2), and a material guide trough (5) is connected between the bottom surfaces of any two adjacent radial arms (3) in the circumferential direction, for covering the main driving component (1) and receiving slag, and the bottom surface of each material guide trough (5) is inclined downward to allow the received slag to slide to a target position under the action of its own weight.

2. The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer end of the bottom surface of each material guide trough (5) extends outside the machine body, so that the debris slides outside the machine body under the action of its own weight.

3. The cutter head according to claim 2, characterized in that The material guide trough (5) comprises two trough side plates (51) respectively connected to the bottom surfaces of two adjacent radial arms (3), and a trough bottom plate (52) connected between the two trough side plates (51), wherein the trough bottom plate (52) extends obliquely downward.

4. The cutter head according to claim 3, characterized in that The distance between the outer end of the groove bottom plate (52) and the central axis of the central disk body (2) is greater than or equal to the distance between the outer end of the spoke arm (3) and the central axis of the central disk body (2).

5. The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that The length direction of each spoke arm (3) is inclined downward to form a conical tunnel face through excavation.

6. The cutter head according to claim 5, characterized in that Four to eight spoke arms (3) are connected to the central disk body (2), and each spoke arm (3) is evenly distributed along the circumference of the central disk body (2).

7. The cutter head according to claim 6, characterized in that The central disk body (2) is polygonal, and each of the spoke arms (3) is connected to a corresponding side edge of the central disk body (2).

8. The cutter head according to claim 1, wherein: A transmission connecting member (6) is provided on the bottom surface of the central disk body (2), and the transmission connecting member (6) forms a power connection with the output end of the main driving component (1).

9. The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that A connecting rod (7) is connected between the opposite side surfaces of any two adjacent radial arms (3) in the circumferential direction, so as to connect the radial arms (3) into one body.

10. A reverse shaft boring machine comprising a machine body and a cutterhead connected to the machine body, characterized in that: The cutter disc is specifically the cutter disc according to any one of claims 1-9.

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