A dust removal device and process method suitable for biochemical machine process tail gas

Abstract

The present invention provides a dust removal device suitable for tail gas from a biochemical machine process, comprising: an electronic control module and a biochemical machine, a spray water bath mechanism, a cyclone dust removal mechanism and an exhaust fan connected in sequence. The electronic control module is used to control the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism. The biochemical machine is used to feed food waste and auxiliary fermentation materials and generate fermented tail gas. The spray water bath mechanism is used to cool and remove dust from the tail gas under the control of the electronic control module. The cyclone dust removal mechanism is used to perform secondary dust removal and dehydration on the tail gas under the control of the electronic control module. The exhaust fan is used to discharge the tail gas after secondary dust removal and dehydration. The present application controls the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism through the electronic control module, so that the tail gas generated by the biochemical machine is purified, thereby preventing the tail gas from carrying a large amount of dust into the deodorization system of the station, reducing the cleaning frequency of the station deodorization system, and reducing the difficulty of cleaning the station deodorization system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of food waste treatment, and in particular to a dust removal device and a process method suitable for biochemical machine process tail gas. Background Art

[0002] In the food waste treatment industry, biochemical treatment machines (biochemical machines) are used to perform high-temperature aerobic fermentation on food waste, producing bio-humic acid with a low moisture content, thereby enabling the reuse of food waste resources. During the biochemical treatment process, the food waste and auxiliary fermentation materials within the biochemical machine produce process exhaust gas. The main pollutants are dust, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. After the exhaust gas is discharged from the biochemical machine, it must be treated by the site deodorization system. The exhaust gas emitted by existing biochemical machines is characterized by high temperature and dust content, resulting in the site's deodorization system requiring a large annual expenditure on dust removal and pipeline cleaning. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the existing technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide a dust removal device and process method suitable for biochemical machine process tail gas. In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present invention provide a dust removal device suitable for biochemical machine process tail gas, comprising: an electronic control module and a biochemical machine, a spray water bath mechanism, a cyclone dust removal mechanism, and an exhaust fan connected in sequence;

[0004] The electronic control module is used to control the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism;

[0005] The biochemical machine is used to feed food waste and auxiliary fermentation materials and generate fermentation tail gas;

[0006] The spray water bath mechanism is used to cool and remove dust from the exhaust gas under the control of the electronic control module;

[0007] The cyclone dust removal mechanism is used to perform secondary dust removal and dehydration on the exhaust gas under the control of the electronic control module;

[0008] The exhaust fan is used to discharge the tail gas after secondary dust removal and dehydration.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a dust removal process method applicable to biochemical machine process tail gas, which is applied to the dust removal device described above, and the method comprises:

[0010] The electronic control module obtains the exhaust gas temperature information and the kitchen waste humidity information through the temperature sensor and the moisture meter, and activates the first pressure transmitter, the water outlet pump, the ultrasonic level meter, the first electronically controlled valve, the second pressure transmitter, and the second electronically controlled valve according to the temperature information and the humidity information;

[0011] After the first pressure transmitter is started, it obtains the hydraulic pressure information in the water inlet pipe, and the electronic control module controls the spray assembly to remove dust and cool the exhaust gas according to the hydraulic pressure information in the water inlet pipe;

[0012] The ultrasonic level meter monitors the liquid level information of the spray liquid in the water bath, and the electronic control module controls the opening and closing of the first electric valve according to the liquid level information in the water bath;

[0013] The exhaust gas in the water bath enters the dust collecting box through the second exhaust pipe, and the exhaust gas undergoes secondary dust removal and dehydration in the dust collecting box due to centrifugal force. The second pressure transmitter monitors the liquid level information in the dust collecting box, and the electronic control module controls the opening and closing of the second electric valve according to the liquid level information in the dust collecting box.

[0014] The exhaust gas enters the exhaust fan through the dust collecting box and the third exhaust pipe.

[0015] In the solutions provided by the first and second aspects of the present invention, the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism are controlled by the electronic control module to purify the exhaust gas generated by the biochemical machine; compared with the deodorization system in the related art in which the biochemical machine directly discharges the exhaust gas to the station, the electronic control module can automatically detect the content of dust and harmful gases in the exhaust gas, and the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism can realize dust removal of the exhaust gas, thereby avoiding the exhaust gas carrying a large amount of dust into the deodorization system of the station, reducing the cleaning frequency of the station deodorization system; and reducing the difficulty of cleaning the station deodorization system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the background technology, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention or the background technology will be described below.

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a dust removal device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 Shows a front view of a dust removal device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A top view of a dust removal device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A side view of a dust removal device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the connection between a plurality of biochemical machine combinations and a deodorization system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0022] icon:

[0023] 10. Biochemical machine; 11. Exhaust fan; 12. Intake fan; 13. First exhaust pipe; 14. Exhaust gas transmission pipe; 15. Third exhaust pipe; 16. Water inlet pipe; 17. Nozzle; 18. Ultrasonic level meter; 19. Water bath; 20. First drain pipe; 21. First manual valve; 22. First electric valve; 23. Second drain pipe; 24. Dust collection box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0027] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0028] Currently, in the food waste treatment industry, biochemical treatment machines (also known as biochemical machines) designed and manufactured in accordance with standard CJ / 227 are used to perform high-temperature aerobic fermentation on food waste, converting it into biological humic acid, thereby enabling waste recycling. After fermentation in the biochemical machine, food waste produces exhaust gas, which is discharged through an exhaust pipe into the deodorization system of the station and then discharged into the atmosphere after passing the deodorization test. Food waste has a complex composition, mainly consisting of a mixture of water, rice and flour food residues, fruit peels, vegetables, animal and vegetable oils, fish, meat, bones, as well as waste tableware, plastics, paper towels, and other substances. During the high-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment process using a biochemical machine, the waste is treated. Because the stirring, fermentation, drying and cooling processes will produce inorganic dust, organic dust, mixed dust and smoke; the dust produced by food waste is mostly hydrophilic dust, which is easily moistened by water. After contact with water vapor, it will condense and increase in weight, which is conducive to the separation of dust from the air flow; the process exhaust temperature, exhaust humidity, dust concentration, dust density and exhaust volume in the biochemical machine fermentation room change regularly with the operation of the process.

[0029] After fermentation in the biochemical machine, the tail gas produced by the fermentation is discharged into the deodorization system. During the fermentation and drying stages of the biochemical machine, the tail gas has a high humidity. After being moistened, it is easy to accumulate in the exhaust duct, causing dust to compact, clogging the pipe, and even igniting and causing a fire. At the same time, the tail gas has a large dust content and high temperature in certain stages, which means that when the tail gas from the biochemical machine process enters the deodorization system, it is necessary to design a washing, dust reduction and cooling process, thereby increasing the construction cost and production and operation cost of the deodorization system. The construction of the deodorization system is much more complicated than that of the biochemical machine, so the cost is higher. Any change in any part will increase the construction cost of the deodorization system. The use of the embodiment of the present invention can generate good economic benefits every year due to the reduction of "cleaning and maintenance of the exhaust duct" and "electricity costs of the centrifugal fan of the washing, dust reduction and cooling equipment."

[0030] Example 1

[0031] An embodiment of the present invention provides a dust removal device suitable for biochemical machine process tail gas, which is connected to the deodorization system of the site. The dust removal device includes: an electronic control module and a biochemical machine 10, a spray water bath mechanism, a cyclone dust removal mechanism and an exhaust fan 11 connected in sequence; the electronic control module is used to control the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism; the biochemical machine 10 is used to put food waste and auxiliary fermentation materials and generate fermented tail gas; the spray water bath mechanism is used to cool and remove dust from the tail gas under the control of the electronic control module; the cyclone dust removal mechanism is used to perform secondary dust removal and dehydration on the tail gas under the control of the electronic control module; the exhaust fan 11 is used to discharge the tail gas after secondary dust removal and dehydration.

[0032] Specifically, the core control part of the device is the electronic control module. The dust removal time, dehydration time and cooling time of the tail gas all need to be controlled by the electronic control module. The electronic control module includes but is not limited to a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a microprocessor. The biochemical machine 10 is a fermentation device for food waste. Usually, auxiliary fermentation materials are added when the biochemical machine 10 is used. The auxiliary fermentation materials help to accelerate the decomposition and fermentation of food waste. The auxiliary fermentation materials are mainly composed of biomass particles. For example, the auxiliary fermentation materials can be biomass materials such as rice husk powder, peanut shells, and wheat bran. The biochemical machine 10 needs to go through the following stages to ferment food waste, namely, the feeding stage, the temperature start stage, the fermentation stage, the drying stage, and the cooling stage.

[0033] The specific process is as follows: during the feeding stage, food waste and auxiliary fermentation materials are respectively fed into the biochemical machine 10. When the auxiliary fermentation materials are fed, dust will be generated. At this time, the temperature inside the biochemical machine 10 is about 40°C, and a large amount of dust particles will be suspended in the internal space of the biochemical machine 10. The exhaust fan 11 is turned on, and the exhaust fan 11 draws the exhaust gas into the spray water bath mechanism. While the exhaust fan 11 extracts the gas inside the biochemical machine 10, the natural wind outside the biochemical machine 10 will enter through the feeding port of the biochemical machine 10. The dust particles combine with the water mist in the spray water bath mechanism, and the temperature of the exhaust gas begins to drop. At the same time, the weight of the dust in the exhaust gas increases and settles, and the dust removal effect of the exhaust gas is obvious. After the dust removal and cooling of the tail gas are completed, the tail gas continues to move under the action of the exhaust fan 11, and the tail gas is discharged from the spray water bath mechanism to the cyclone dust removal mechanism (similar to a cyclone dust collector). The principle of centrifugal force is used to separate the dust containing moisture in the tail gas, and the tail gas completes secondary dust removal and dehydration. In particular, the operating power of the exhaust fan 11 is controlled by the electronic control module, and the exhaust gas emission in the biochemical machine 10 is also controlled by the electronic control module. The exhaust gas emission can be set by the electronic control module as needed. Preferably, the exhaust volume setting value of the exhaust fan 11 is controlled at 5468m 3 / h~1682m 3 / h or less.

[0034] Temperature start-up stage: After the auxiliary fermentation materials are added, the temperature start-up stage is entered, and tail gas will continue to be generated in the biochemical machine 10. Under the action of the exhaust fan 11 sucking air out of the biochemical machine, the dust content in the tail gas discharged by the biochemical machine 10 will gradually decrease. The time for the dust content reduction process in the above tail gas is preferably 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, there is basically no dust suspended in the biochemical machine 10. As the food waste in the biochemical machine 10 continues to ferment, the temperature of the food waste and the auxiliary fermentation materials (hereinafter referred to as fermentation materials) will continue to rise, and the exhaust volume of the exhaust fan 11 is controlled at the set value (5468m 3 / h~1682m 3 / h). In the temperature start-up stage, the exhaust gas temperature rises from 40°C in the previous stage to between 100°C and 120°C. As the exhaust gas temperature rises, the exhaust gas treatment method will also be different: when the exhaust gas temperature is less than 60°C, the electronic control module will start the spray water bath mechanism to remove dust from the exhaust gas, but it will also drain water synchronously, and the exhaust gas will not be cooled in a water bath. On the contrary, when the exhaust gas temperature exceeds 60°C, the electronic control module will turn off the drainage, and the exhaust gas will be dusted and cooled in a water bath at the same time under the action of the spray water bath mechanism. In particular, the temperature of the fermentation material eventually rises to between 75°C and 85°C, and the time taken for the temperature to rise is 60 minutes to 150 minutes.

[0035] Fermentation stage: After entering the fermentation stage from the temperature start-up stage, the moisture in the food waste is heated and evaporated. At this time, the humidity in the exhaust gas produced by the fermentation is relatively high, and the dust concentration gradually increases from low. During this stage, the food waste and auxiliary fermentation materials will be stirred by the stirring shaft in the biochemical machine 10. At the beginning, there is no dust in the biochemical machine. With the continuous stirring of the stirring shaft and the continuous heating during the fermentation process, and with the exhaust fan to discharge the exhaust gas containing a large amount of moisture in the biochemical machine 10, the moisture content of the fermentation material begins to gradually decrease, and dust begins to occur. When the moisture content in the fermentation material drops to the set value, the air inside the biochemical machine 10 gradually becomes dry, the moisture content of the fermentation material decreases, and the fermentation material begins to become loose during the stirring process. At this time, the dust in the air inside the biochemical machine 10 gradually increases.

[0036] At the beginning of the fermentation stage, the dust concentration is low, and the electronic control module turns off the spray water bath mechanism and only turns on the cyclone dust removal mechanism to dehydrate the exhaust gas.

[0037] As the fermentation phase nears its end, as the dust content in the exhaust rises, the electronic control module activates the spray water bath mechanism again to remove dust and cool the exhaust. Note that the temperature remains the same as in the previous phase, maintained between 75°C and 85°C. The agitator shaft speed during the fermentation phase should be controlled at 3 to 6 rpm. During the fermentation phase, the food waste is converted into bio-humic acid. The entire fermentation process takes between 4.5 and 5 hours, and the moisture content of the fermented material decreases from 65% to 45%.

[0038] Drying Stage: After the fermentation stage, the drying process begins. The moisture content of the fermented material will further decrease, causing the dust content in the exhaust gas to further increase. The fermented material inside the biochemical machine 10 continues to be stirred and heated by the stirring shaft, further reducing the moisture content in the exhaust gas. At the same time, as the hot air enters the biochemical machine 10 and the exhaust fan 11 draws air outward, the dust emission inside the biochemical machine 10 is aggravated compared to the previous stage (fermentation stage), and the diameter of the dust particles in the exhaust gas decreases. When the moisture content of the fermented material drops to 11%, the diameter of the dust particles in the biochemical machine 10 further decreases, and the dust particles are lighter. During this process, a small amount of smoke is generated. In this stage, the electronic control module controls the activation of the spray water bath mechanism to cool and remove dust from the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas has a high humidity after the water bath, so the cyclone dust removal mechanism is activated to dehydrate the exhaust gas. In particular, the temperature of the fermentation material and the exhaust gas in the drying stage are the same as those in the previous stage. When the drying stage is nearing the end, the exhaust volume of the exhaust fan 11 is controlled from 1682m 3 / h~5468m 3 / h reduced to 1000m 3 / h~5468m 3 / h. The entire drying process takes between 2.5h and 3h.

[0039] Cooling Stage: After the drying stage, the food waste has been transformed into biohumic acid, but further cooling is required before it can be discharged. The electronic control module turns off the heating function of the biochemical machine 10, and discharge is performed after the moisture content of the food waste meets the discharge requirements. At the beginning of cooling, the air intake function is turned on, allowing cooling natural air from the outside to enter the biochemical machine 10. The dust content in the exhaust gas sucked in by the exhaust fan 11 increases again under the action of the airflow. The electronic control module controls the opening of the spray water bath mechanism, and the exhaust gas is sucked into the spray water bath mechanism for cooling and dust removal. The cooling time of the fermented material is 1 to 1.5 hours. This completes the description of the exhaust gas generated by the biochemical machine 10 at different stages of the process of converting food waste into biohumic acid and the working process of the dust removal device.

[0040] The biochemical machine further includes a jacket, a fermentation chamber, an air intake fan 12, and a first exhaust pipe 13. The jacket is located on the outer wall of the fermentation chamber and is injected with high-temperature steam. The air intake fan 12 is connected to the biochemical machine 10. The first exhaust pipe 13 is connected to the fermentation chamber and the spray water bath mechanism. The high-temperature steam in the jacket heats the fermentation chamber, which generates exhaust gas. The air intake fan 12 blows the exhaust gas into the first exhaust pipe 13, through which the exhaust gas enters the spray water bath mechanism.

[0041] Specifically, the fermentation chamber is the inner chamber of the biochemical machine, used to hold food waste and auxiliary fermentation materials. The fermentation material heating method mentioned in the temperature start-up stage, fermentation stage, and drying stage is mainly achieved by injecting high-temperature steam into the jacket. The first exhaust pipe 13 is fixed and sealed to the water bath spray mechanism using a DN350 flat welding flange.

[0042] The biochemical machine further includes a temperature sensor and a moisture meter, each connected to the electronic control module. Both the temperature sensor and the moisture meter are located within the fermentation chamber and near the first exhaust pipe 13. The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the exhaust gas and the auxiliary fermentation material and transmits this temperature information to the electronic control module. The moisture meter detects the humidity of the food waste and transmits this humidity information to the electronic control module. The electronic control module controls the opening and closing of the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism based on the received temperature and humidity information.

[0043] Specifically, at different stages of food waste fermentation, the electronic control module obtains real-time temperature information through a temperature sensor. Similarly, the exhaust gas humidity information obtained by the electronic control module comes from a moisture meter.

[0044] Furthermore, the spray water bath mechanism includes: an exhaust gas transmission pipe 14, a spray assembly, a water bath box 19, a first drainage assembly and a second exhaust pipe 23. The exhaust gas transmission pipe 14 is connected to the first exhaust pipe 13 and the water bath box 19 respectively. The spray assembly is connected to the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14. The second exhaust pipe 23 is connected to the water bath box 19 and the cyclone dust removal mechanism respectively. The first drainage assembly is located at the bottom of the water bath box 19. The exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14 from the first exhaust pipe 13. The spray assembly sprays and removes dust from the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14 under the control of the electronic control module. The exhaust gas after spraying enters the water bath box 19 for a water bath. After the exhaust gas is cooled in the water bath, it passes through the second exhaust pipe 23 and enters the cyclone dust removal mechanism for dust removal. When it is determined that the height of the spray liquid in the water bath box 19 exceeds the safe liquid level, drainage is performed through the first drainage assembly.

[0045] Specifically, the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14 is a right-angle bend structure, and the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14 is connected and fixed to the first exhaust pipe 13 through a DN350 flat welding flange, and the other end of the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14 is connected and fixed to the top of the water bath 19 through a DN32 flat welding flange.

[0046] Furthermore, the spray assembly includes: a water inlet pipe 16, a nozzle 17, a water storage tank, a water outlet pump and a first pressure transmitter. The water outlet pump is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the water storage tank respectively, and the water outlet pump is controlled by the electronic control module. One end of the water inlet pipe 16 is connected to the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14, and the other end of the water inlet pipe 16 is connected to the water outlet pump. The nozzle 17 is installed on the water inlet pipe 16 and is located inside the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14. The first pressure transmitter is installed on the water inlet pipe 16. The first pressure transmitter is used to detect the water pressure information in the water inlet pipe 16 and transmit the water pressure information to the electronic control module. The water outlet pump sucks the spray liquid from the water storage tank into the water inlet pipe 16, and the spray liquid entering the water inlet pipe 16 is sprayed out from the nozzle 17. The electronic control module is used to regulate the water outlet pump power according to the water pressure information in the water inlet pipe 16 transmitted by the first pressure transmitter. The water outlet pump controls the spraying speed of the nozzle 17 to spray the spray liquid according to the regulated water outlet pump power.

[0047] Specifically, a DN32 flat-weld flange is also used to connect the water inlet pipe 16 to the bent exhaust gas transmission pipe 14. The nozzle 17 is a solid conical nozzle, threadedly connected to the water inlet pipe 16. The outlet pump is a lightweight vertical multi-stage centrifugal pump.

[0048] Furthermore, the spray water bath mechanism also includes: an ultrasonic level meter 18. The first drainage component includes a first drain pipe 20 and a first electric valve 22. The first drain pipe 20 is located at the bottom of the water bath 19. The ultrasonic level meter 18 is arranged on the top inner wall of the water bath 19, opposite to the first drain pipe 20. The first electric valve 22 is installed on the first drain pipe 20. The ultrasonic level meter 18 is used to monitor the vertical distance information between the liquid level in the water bath 19 and the top of the water bath 19, and send the monitored vertical distance information to the electronic control module. The first electric valve 22 is used to control the opening or closing of the first drain pipe 20 under the control of the electronic control module. The electronic control module is used to receive the vertical distance information. When the vertical distance information is greater than the liquid level safety water level threshold, it controls the first electric valve to open. The opened first electric valve opens the first drain pipe 20, and the spray liquid is discharged from the water bath 19 through the first drain pipe 20.

[0049] Specifically, the first electric valve 22 is a spherical valve. A first manual valve 21 is also installed on the first drain pipe 20 between the first electric valve 22 and the water bath 19. The first manual valve 21 is also a spherical valve and is located closer to the water bath 19 than the first electric valve 22. If the first electric valve 22 malfunctions and cannot be closed, the first manual valve 21 allows the water bath 19 to drain and retain water normally.

[0050] Furthermore, the cyclone dust removal mechanism includes: a dust box 24, a second drainage assembly and a third exhaust pipe 15. The dust box 24 is connected to the water bath 19 through the second exhaust pipe 23. The third exhaust pipe 15 is located between the dust box 24 and the exhaust fan 11. The second drainage assembly is located at the bottom of the dust box 24. The exhaust gas enters the dust box 24 through the second exhaust pipe 23 for dust removal operation. The exhaust gas in the dust box 24 is centrifugally rotated at high speed. After the high-speed centrifugal rotation, the exhaust gas passes through the third exhaust pipe 15 and is sucked into the exhaust fan 11; the liquid generated by the high-speed centrifugal rotation of the exhaust gas will be collected at the bottom of the dust box 24, and the second drainage assembly can discharge the liquid at the bottom of the dust box 24. Both the dust box 24 and the water bath 19 are provided with observation windows that can be opened and closed.

[0051] Specifically, a reducing elbow is connected between the third exhaust pipe 15 and the exhaust fan 11. The diameters of the two end ports of the reducing elbow are 400mm and 300mm, respectively. The 400mm diameter end of the reducing elbow is fixedly connected to the exhaust fan 11 via a flange, while the 300mm diameter end of the reducing elbow is fixedly connected to the dust box 24 via a flange. The observation window is used to observe the dust removal and dehydration conditions within the dust box 24 or water bath 19. At the same time, the filter screen at the drainage area within the dust box 24 or water bath 19 can be replaced by opening the observation window, and silt can also be removed. The observation window is a conventional hinged sealed window structure, so it will not be described in detail.

[0052] Furthermore, the cyclone dust removal mechanism also includes a second pressure transmitter. The second drainage component includes: a second drain pipe and a second electric valve. The second pressure transmitter is located at the bottom of the dust box 24, the second drain pipe is located at the bottom of the dust box 24, and the second electric valve is installed on the second drain pipe. The second pressure transmitter is used to monitor the liquid level information in the dust box 24 and send the monitored liquid level threshold in the dust box 24 to the electronic control module. The second electric valve is used to control the height of the liquid level in the dust box 24 under the control of the electronic control module. The electronic control module is used to receive the liquid level information in the dust box 24. When the liquid level information is greater than the liquid level threshold in the dust box 24, the second electric valve is controlled to open and the liquid in the dust box 24 is discharged through the second drain pipe.

[0053] Specifically, the second electric valve is a spherical valve. A second manual valve, also a spherical valve, is installed on the second drain pipe between the second electric valve and the dust box 24. If the second electric valve malfunctions and cannot be closed, the second manual valve allows the dust box 24 to drain and retain water normally.

[0054] The participation process of the water bath spray mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism in different fermentation stages is as follows:

[0055] During the feeding phase: the biochemical machine 10 and the dust removal device are in automatic operation, operating according to the set parameters and process procedures. The electronic control module uses two temperature sensors and a moisture meter to monitor the exhaust gas temperature, food waste temperature, and food waste humidity in the fermentation chamber in real time. At the start of feeding, auxiliary fermentation materials are added to the fermentation chamber and mixed with the food waste. The air intake fan 12, exhaust fan 11, and water outlet pump are turned on. The nozzle 17 sprays water mist into the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14, causing the water mist to come into contact with the dust particles in the exhaust gas, moistening the dust particles and agglomerating them. After combining with the water mist, the dust particles continue to grow in weight. Some dust particles larger than 100 μm will settle to the bottom of the water bath 19, while the remaining dust particles larger than 50 μm will enter the dust collection box 24. During the dust removal and dehydration process of the exhaust gas in the water bath 19 and dust box 24, the electronic control module controls the opening of the first electric valve 22 on the first drain pipe 20 based on the liquid level in the water bath 19 as monitored by the ultrasonic level meter 18. Specifically, the first electric valve 22 is controlled not only by the ultrasonic level meter 19 but also by a temperature sensor. When the exhaust gas temperature is less than 60°C, the surface exhaust gas does not require cooling, so the first electric valve 22 must be opened to drain the liquid from the water bath 19. The electronic control module determines the liquid level in the dust box 24 based on the liquid pressure at the bottom of the dust box 24 as monitored by the second pressure transmitter, and thus controls the opening of the second electric valve.

[0056] During the temperature start-up stage: After the feeding is completed in the previous stage, the fermentation chamber is heated by injecting high-temperature steam into the jacket. The electronic control module automatically controls the start or stop of the water bath spray mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism according to the three parameter variables of the exhaust gas temperature, the fermentation material temperature and the fermentation material humidity. The dust concentration in the exhaust gas during the temperature start-up stage is reduced. If the diameter of the dust particles in the exhaust gas is greater than >50μm, the electronic control module controls the spray component to start the exhaust gas for dust removal, and then uses the cyclone dust collector to perform secondary dust removal and dehydration on the exhaust gas. Among them, whether to cool the exhaust gas in a water bath is divided into two situations:

[0057] In the first case, when the exhaust gas temperature is greater than 60°C, the electronic control module controls the first electric valve 22 to close. The water mist sprayed by the spray assembly carries the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14 into the water bath 19. The liquid in the water bath 19 begins to accumulate until the liquid level in the water bath 19 is higher than the exhaust port height of the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14, and the exhaust gas begins to cool in the water bath. If the liquid level in the water bath 19 continues to rise and exceeds the safe water level threshold, the ultrasonic level meter 18 is triggered. At this time, the ultrasonic level meter 18 sends a water level warning message to the electronic control module, which controls the first electric valve 22 to open. The liquid level in the water bath 19 begins to decrease until the liquid level in the water bath 19 is lower than the safe water level threshold, and the first electric valve 22 closes.

[0058] In the second case, when the exhaust gas temperature is less than or equal to 60° C., the first electric valve 22 is not closed and remains in a normally open state. The exhaust gas does not need to be cooled, and the liquid in the water bath 19 cannot be retained and is all discharged to the outside of the water bath 19 through the first drain pipe 20.

[0059] During the fermentation stage: After the preheating in the previous stage, the temperature components in the fermentation chamber rise, and the fermentation materials begin to ferment after being heated. During the fermentation stage, the dust content in the exhaust gas is relatively low, and the diameter of the dust particles is basically >50μm. The exhaust gas temperature is always maintained between 100℃ and 120℃, and the humidity in the exhaust gas is relatively high. The exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14 and combines with the water mist. The exhaust gas and the water mist enter the water bath 19 together. The exhaust port of the exhaust gas transmission pipe 14 must be below the liquid level at this stage to ensure that the exhaust gas can be cooled in a water bath. After cooling, the exhaust gas enters the dust collecting box 24 from the water bath 19. Through the centrifugal force of the dust collecting box 24, the exhaust gas completes dehydration and secondary dust removal.

[0060] During the drying phase, the fermentation chamber continues to heat, and the fermentation material begins to dry. As the fermentation material continues to heat, its temperature gradually rises and its humidity gradually decreases. At this point, the dust content in the exhaust gas begins to increase again, and the diameter of the dust particles gradually decreases. Therefore, this phase primarily utilizes the spray assembly to spray the exhaust gas, ensuring sufficient contact between the dust in the exhaust gas and the water mist, allowing for effective secondary dust removal using the cyclone dust removal mechanism.

[0061] During the cooling phase: After fermentation and drying, the food waste has been transformed into biohumic acid. During the cooling phase, the humidity of the food waste reaches its minimum, approaching 11%. The electronic control module stops supplying high-temperature steam to the jacket, and the air intake fan 12 stops heating and only blows in natural cold air, gradually reducing the exhaust temperature from 120°C to 40°C. While the food waste is cooling, the stirring shaft of the biochemical machine 10 continues to operate, further increasing the dust content in the exhaust gas. At this point, the exhaust gas is cooled and dust-removed in the water bath spray mechanism before entering the cyclone dust removal mechanism for secondary dust removal and dehydration.

[0062] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention controls the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism through the electronic control module, and can accurately remove dust, cool down and dehydrate the tail gas generated by the biochemical machine 10 at different fermentation stages, and can effectively remove dust according to different types and characteristics of dust. The overall dust removal, cooling and dehydration process is automated, and there is no need for manual real-time viewing and manual control. The electronic control module obtains the fermentation material temperature, fermentation material humidity and tail gas temperature in real time to automatically control the opening or closing of the water bath spray mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism. The dust content in the tail gas can be automatically detected by the electronic control module, and the dust removal of the tail gas can be achieved by the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism, which avoids the tail gas carrying a large amount of dust into the deodorization system of the station, reduces the cleaning frequency of the station deodorization system, and also reduces the difficulty of cleaning the station deodorization system.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a dust removal process method applicable to biochemical machine process tail gas, which is applied to the dust removal device provided in Example 1, and includes:

[0065] Step 100: The electronic control module obtains exhaust gas temperature information and food waste humidity information through the temperature sensor and moisture meter, and turns on the first pressure transmitter, water outlet pump, ultrasonic level meter 18, first electronically controlled valve 22, second pressure transmitter and second electronically controlled valve according to the temperature information and humidity information.

[0066] Step 200: After the first pressure transmitter is started, it obtains the hydraulic pressure information in the water inlet pipe 16 , and the electronic control module controls the spray assembly to remove dust and cool the exhaust gas according to the hydraulic pressure information in the water inlet pipe 16 .

[0067] Step 300 : The ultrasonic level meter 18 monitors the liquid level information of the spray liquid in the water bath 19 , and the electronic control module controls the opening and closing of the first electric valve 22 according to the liquid level information in the water bath 19 .

[0068] Step 400: The exhaust gas in the water bath 19 enters the dust box 24 through the second exhaust pipe 23. The exhaust gas undergoes secondary dust removal and dehydration in the dust box 24 due to centrifugal force. The second pressure transmitter monitors the liquid level information in the dust box 24. The electronic control module controls the opening and closing of the second electric valve according to the liquid level information in the dust box 24.

[0069] Step 500 : The exhaust gas enters the exhaust fan 11 through the dust collecting box 24 and the third exhaust pipe 15 .

[0070] Furthermore, in the above step 200, it also includes: the water outlet pump in the spray assembly sucks the spray liquid from the water storage tank into the water inlet pipe 16, and the spray liquid in the water inlet pipe 16 is sprayed out from the nozzle 17; the electronic control module regulates the power of the water outlet pump according to the water pressure information in the water inlet pipe 16 transmitted by the first pressure transmitter, and the water outlet pump controls the spraying speed of the spray liquid from the nozzle 17 according to the regulated power.

[0071] Furthermore, in the above step 300, the following is further included:

[0072] Step 301: The ultrasonic level meter 18 monitors the vertical distance between the liquid surface in the water bath 19 and the top of the water bath 19 in real time, and sends the monitored vertical distance information to the electronic control module.

[0073] Step 302 : When the electronic control module receives the vertical distance information that is greater than the liquid level safety threshold, the electronic control module controls the first electric valve 22 to open. The opened first electric valve 22 opens the first drain pipe 20 , and the first drain pipe 20 discharges the spray liquid from the water bath 19 .

[0074] Furthermore, in the above step 400, it also includes: the second pressure transmitter sends the monitored liquid level height information to the electronic control module; when the liquid level height information received by the electronic control module is greater than the liquid level safety threshold in the dust box 24, the electronic control module opens the second drain pipe through the second electric valve, and the second drain pipe discharges the liquid in the dust box 24.

[0075] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention controls the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism through the electronic control module, and can accurately remove dust, cool down and dehydrate the tail gas generated by the biochemical machine 10 at different fermentation stages, and can effectively remove dust according to different types and characteristics of dust. The overall dust removal, cooling and dehydration process is automated, and there is no need for manual real-time viewing and manual control. The electronic control module obtains the fermentation material temperature, fermentation material humidity and tail gas temperature in real time to automatically control the opening or closing of the water bath spray mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism. The dust content in the tail gas can be automatically detected by the electronic control module, and the dust removal of the tail gas can be achieved by the spray water bath mechanism and the cyclone dust removal mechanism, which avoids the tail gas carrying a large amount of dust into the deodorization system of the station, reduces the cleaning frequency of the station deodorization system, and also reduces the difficulty of cleaning the station deodorization system.

[0076] The above description is merely a specific implementation of the embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A dust removal process method suitable for biochemical machine process tail gas, used to perform the function of a dust removal device, characterized in that: The dust removal device includes: an electric control module and a biochemical machine, a spray water bath mechanism, a cyclone dust removal mechanism and an exhaust fan connected in sequence; The biochemical machine is used to feed food waste and auxiliary fermentation materials and generate fermented tail gas; the biochemical machine includes: a jacket, a fermentation chamber, an air intake fan and a first exhaust pipe; The jacket is located on the outer wall of the fermentation chamber and is injected with high-temperature steam; The air intake fan is connected to the biochemical machine; The first exhaust pipe is connected to the fermentation chamber and the spray water bath mechanism respectively; The spray water bath mechanism includes: an exhaust gas transmission pipe, a spray assembly, a water bath box, a first drainage assembly and a second exhaust pipe; The exhaust gas transmission pipe is connected to the first exhaust pipe and the water bath respectively; The spray assembly is connected to the exhaust gas transmission pipe; The second exhaust pipe is connected to the water bath and the cyclone dust removal mechanism respectively; The first drainage assembly includes: a first drainage pipe and a first electric valve installed on the first drainage pipe; Also includes: a temperature sensor and a moisture meter located in the fermentation chamber and arranged near the first exhaust pipe; The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature information of the tail gas and the auxiliary fermentation material; The moisture meter is used to detect the humidity information of the kitchen waste; The electronic control module monitors the exhaust gas temperature, food waste temperature and food waste humidity in the fermentation chamber in real time using the temperature sensor and the moisture meter; The dust removal process comprises: During the temperature start-up phase, if the diameter of the dust particles in the exhaust gas is greater than 50 μm, the electronic control module controls the spray assembly to start to remove dust from the exhaust gas, and then uses the cyclone dust collector to perform secondary dust removal and dehydration on the exhaust gas. Whether the exhaust gas is cooled in a water bath is divided into two situations: when the exhaust gas temperature is less than 60°C, the electronic control module starts the spray water bath mechanism to remove dust from the exhaust gas, but also simultaneously drains water through the first drain pipe to completely discharge the liquid in the water bath tank, and the exhaust gas will not be cooled in a water bath; when the exhaust gas temperature is greater than 60°C, the electronic control module closes the first electric valve until the liquid level in the water bath tank is higher than the exhaust port height of the exhaust gas transmission pipe. The exhaust gas will be dusted and cooled in a water bath at the same time under the action of the spray water bath mechanism. During the fermentation stage, at the beginning, the dust concentration in the tail gas is low, the electronic control module turns off the spray water bath mechanism, and turns on the cyclone dust removal mechanism to dehydrate the tail gas; near the end, the dust concentration in the tail gas increases, and the electronic control module turns on the spray water bath mechanism again to remove dust and cool the tail gas; During the drying stage, the electronic control module controls the spray water bath mechanism to start, cooling and dust removal treatment of the exhaust gas. After the exhaust gas passes through the water bath, the humidity increases, and the electronic control module starts the cyclone dust removal mechanism to dehydrate the exhaust gas. During the cooling stage, the electronic control module controls the spray water bath mechanism to open to cool down and remove dust from the exhaust gas.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The spray assembly includes: a water inlet pipe, a nozzle, a water storage tank, a water outlet pump and a first pressure transmitter; The water outlet pump is connected to the water inlet pipe and the water storage tank respectively, and the water outlet pump is controlled by the electronic control module; One end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the exhaust gas transmission pipe, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the water outlet pump; The nozzle is mounted on the water inlet pipe and is located in the exhaust gas transmission pipe; The first pressure transmitter is installed on the water inlet pipe; The water outlet pump in the spray assembly sucks the spray liquid from the water storage tank into the water inlet pipe, and the spray liquid in the water inlet pipe is sprayed out from the nozzle; the electronic control module regulates the power of the water outlet pump according to the water pressure information in the water inlet pipe transmitted by the first pressure transmitter, and the water outlet pump controls the spraying speed of the spray liquid from the nozzle according to the regulated power.

3. The dust removal process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray water bath mechanism also includes: an ultrasonic level meter; The first drain pipe is located at the bottom of the water bath; The ultrasonic level meter is arranged on the top inner wall of the water bath, opposite to the first drain pipe; The ultrasonic level meter monitors the vertical distance between the liquid level in the water bath and the top of the water bath in real time, and sends the monitored vertical distance information to the electronic control module; When the electronic control module receives the vertical distance information that is greater than the liquid level safety threshold, the electronic control module controls the first electric valve to open. The opened first electric valve opens the first drain pipe, and the first drain pipe discharges the spray liquid from the water bath.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The cyclone dust removal mechanism includes: a dust collecting box, a second drainage assembly and a third exhaust pipe; The exhaust gas enters the exhaust fan through the dust collecting box and the third exhaust pipe; The dust collecting box is connected to the water bath box via the second exhaust pipe; The third exhaust pipe is located between the dust collecting box and the exhaust fan; The second drainage assembly is located at the bottom of the dust box; The exhaust gas enters the dust box through the second exhaust pipe for dust removal, the exhaust gas in the dust box is centrifugally rotated at high speed, and the exhaust gas after high-speed centrifugal rotation passes through the third exhaust pipe and is sucked into the exhaust fan; The liquid generated by the high-speed centrifugal rotation of the exhaust gas will be collected at the bottom of the dust box, and the second drainage component will discharge the liquid at the bottom of the dust box. A reducing elbow is connected between the third exhaust pipe and the exhaust fan, and the end of the reducing elbow with a larger diameter is fixedly connected to the exhaust fan, and the other end of the reducing elbow with a smaller diameter is fixedly connected to the dust box.

5. The dust removal process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cyclone dust removal mechanism further includes a second pressure transmitter: The second drainage assembly includes: a second drainage pipe and a second electric valve; The second pressure transmitter is located at the bottom of the dust collecting box; The second drain pipe is located at the bottom of the dust box; The second electric valve is installed on the second drain pipe; The second electric valve is used to control the height of the liquid level in the dust box under the control of the electronic control module; The second pressure transmitter sends the monitored liquid level information to the electronic control module; when the liquid level information received by the electronic control module is greater than the safe liquid level threshold of the liquid level in the dust box, the electronic control module opens the second drain pipe through the second electric valve, and the second drain pipe discharges the liquid in the dust box.

6. The dust removal process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature steam in the jacket heats the fermentation chamber, and the fermentation chamber generates the exhaust gas when heated. The air intake fan blows the exhaust gas toward the first exhaust pipe.

7. The dust removal method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The side walls of the water bath box and the side walls of the dust collecting box are both provided with switchable observation windows.

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