Long-pressure short-extraction ventilation dust control system suitable for longwall working face of combined excavating and bolting machine

Abstract

The application relates to a long-pressure short-extraction ventilation dust control system suitable for a fast excavation working face of an integrated excavating and anchoring machine, mainly comprising a dust control system, a dust removal system and a central control system; the dust control system comprises a self-adaptive air regulation and dust control device and a mist curtain dust control device; the dust control system controls dust in the front by the air curtain realized by the self-adaptive air regulation and dust control device fixedly connected with the tail end of the air supply wind cylinder, and the mist curtain and the dust blocking rubber jointly form a physical barrier to enhance the dust control effect by the mist curtain realized by the mist curtain dust control device arranged on the dust blocking rubber of the integrated excavating and anchoring machine; the dust removal system comprises a compressible air cylinder and a dust remover arranged behind the mist curtain dust control device in sequence; the central control system comprises a central control device, a fan frequency converter, a wind speed sensor, a gas sensor, a distance sensor, a dust concentration sensor and the like, and realizes dynamic matching of the air volume handled by the dust remover and the air supply volume and dynamic adjustment of the axial and radial air outlet ratio of the self-adaptive air regulation and dust control device with the change of the distance from the front.

Description

Long-pressure, short-exhaust ventilation and dust control system suitable for fast excavation faces of integrated tunneling and anchoring machines Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine dust control technology, and relates to a long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust control system suitable for the fast excavation face of a roadheader-anchor integrated machine. In particular, it relates to a long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust control system suitable for semi-coal-rock roadways and effectively controlling dust in the fast excavation face of a roadheader-anchor integrated machine. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of the R&D capabilities of mechanized equipment, coal mining equipment has also been rapidly upgraded. Traditional fully mechanized tunneling faces have slow tunneling speeds, but the emergence of new integrated roadheader-anchor machines has completely solved this problem. However, due to the use of one-time roadway formation technology, the integrated roadheader-anchor machine has a large drum cutting area, resulting in high dust intensity and a wide dust generation range. Furthermore, because the integrated roadheader-anchor machine is large, occupying more than 80% of the entire roadway cross-section, traditional dust removal methods are difficult to implement. Under the influence of the high-speed return airflow at the face, high-concentration dust rapidly spreads and diffuses, seriously polluting the working environment of the tunneling face.

[0003] According to on-site measurements, without any dust control measures, the instantaneous dust concentration at the semi-coal-rock tunnel rapid excavation face can reach 2000 mg / m³. 3 The high concentration of dust pollutes the working environment, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of on-site personnel. Moreover, the limited visibility also poses serious safety hazards to on-site personnel.

[0004] In fully mechanized tunneling faces, the long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust control technology has proven to be a highly effective dust control measure. However, when applied to semi-coal and rock rapid tunneling faces, the use of this technology still has the following problems: ① In the traditional dust collector structure, polluted air containing high concentrations of lithological dust first passes through an axial flow exhaust fan. The lithological dust easily clumps on the fan blades, affecting the fan's dynamic balance and causing the fan motor to burn out due to overload, thus affecting the normal operation of the system; ② The processing air volume of the dust collector and the air supply volume of the semi-coal and rock rapid tunneling face cannot be dynamically adjusted according to changes in the air supply volume; ③ The axial-radial air outlet ratio of the attached ventilation duct cannot be dynamically adjusted according to changes in the distance between the axial outlet and the face, resulting in unstable dust control effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the problems of short dust collector life, which affects the operation of the dust removal system, inability to dynamically adjust air volume and unstable dust control effect in the existing long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust removal technology, the present invention provides a long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust removal system suitable for the fast excavation face of the tunneling and anchoring machine.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust control system suitable for the fast excavation face of the tunneling and anchoring machine includes a dust control system that controls the dust at the face by forming a "fog curtain" and "wind curtain" dual curtains, a dust removal system that draws high-concentration dust at the face into a dust collector through a compressible air duct and discharges it into the back roadway after purification, and a central control system that intelligently adjusts the system parameters.

[0008] The dust control system includes an adaptive air-adjusting dust control device installed at the end of the air supply duct and a fog curtain dust control device installed on the integrated tunneling and anchoring machine. The dust control system uses the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device, which is fixedly connected to the end of the air supply duct, to control the dust at the face of the machine. The fog curtain dust control device installed on the dust-blocking rubber sheet of the integrated tunneling and anchoring machine works together with the dust-blocking rubber sheet to form a physical barrier and enhance the dust control effect.

[0009] The dust removal system includes a compressible air duct and a dust collector installed behind the fog curtain dust control device.

[0010] The central control system includes a central control unit, a fan frequency converter, a wind speed sensor, a gas sensor, a distance sensor, and a dust concentration sensor. The wind speed sensor collects wind speed data from the working face. The programmable logic controller (PLC) of the central control unit calculates the air supply volume to the working face according to a pre-set program and dynamically adjusts the dust collector's processing air volume to match the air supply volume to the working face. The distance sensor collects distance data between the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device and the working face. The PLC of the central control unit dynamically adjusts the size of the axial and radial air outlets according to a pre-set program, thereby adjusting the axial and radial air outlet ratio. It also enables the traction device to move the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device forward. Simultaneously, based on data collected by the gas sensor and dust concentration sensor, it can automatically start or lock the dust collector.

[0011] Furthermore, the fog screen dust control device includes three rows and four columns of spray blocks installed on the dust-blocking rubber sheet of the integrated excavator and anchor machine, with the spray blocks connected by high-pressure hoses.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance between the spray blocks and the roadway side is less than 1m, and the distance between the spray blocks on the dust-blocking rubber sheet is 1.5m. The spray blocks use fan-shaped nozzles with an atomization angle greater than 90°. Beneficial effects: The liquid film sprayed from the nozzles completely covers the space between the dust-blocking rubber sheet and the roadway side, as well as the space between two dust-blocking rubber sheets, effectively reducing the dust concentration and blocking the spread of dust.

[0013] Furthermore, a spray pipe is installed on the upper part of the dust-blocking rubber sheet, which is arranged horizontally parallel to the tunnel roof.

[0014] Furthermore, a large-angle solid cone nozzle is installed on the spray pipe. Beneficial effect: The spray pipe, positioned above the dust-blocking rubber sheet, facilitates the formation of a downward mist flow, covering the localized space between the dust-blocking rubber sheet and the head-on area, thus reducing dust concentration.

[0015] Furthermore, the adaptive air conditioning and dust control device includes a foldable air duct storage device connected in sequence with the air supply duct, a lightweight slide rail installed on the roadway roof anchor net, a traction device installed on the lightweight slide rail, a distance sensor installed on the traction device, and an axial and radial air conditioning device connected to the traction device and capable of moving along the lightweight slide rail.

[0016] Furthermore, the axial and radial air adjustment device includes a first air adjustment duct connected to the air duct storage device, a second air adjustment duct sleeved on the outside of the first air adjustment duct, an axial air adjustment motor installed near the traction device on the outside of the first air adjustment duct, a radial air adjustment cylinder, and an axial air adjustment plate installed on the inside of the first air adjustment duct. The axial air adjustment plate is mechanically connected to the axial air adjustment motor. The free end of the radial air adjustment cylinder is fixed on the second air adjustment duct, and the fixed end is fixed on the first air adjustment duct. The port of the first air adjustment duct on one side of the axial air adjustment plate is the axial air outlet, and the port near the second air adjustment duct and opened on the outside of the first air adjustment duct is the radial air outlet. The total area of ​​the radial air outlet of the first air adjustment duct is equal to the total area of ​​the axial air outlet. Beneficial effects: The distance sensor detects the distance between the air duct outlet and the working face and feeds it back to the central control device. After processing by the program, the central control device issues commands to the axial and radial air adjustment devices. The axial air adjustment motor drives the axial air adjustment plate, which can continuously adjust the angle between the axial air adjustment plate and the cross-section of the first air duct body, thus dynamically adjusting the size of the axial air outlet. The second air duct, under the extension and retraction of the radial air adjustment cylinder, can continuously adjust the opening and closing of the radial air outlet, thus dynamically adjusting its size. By adjusting the size of the axial and radial air outlets, the axial airflow is reduced, minimizing the disturbance of the airflow at the working face, while the radial airflow is increased. The radial airflow, combined with the negative pressure suction of the dust collector's suction port, forms a spiral airflow that continuously advances along the roadway axis, thereby controlling the high concentration of dust generated at the working face within the facing area. By adjusting the axial and radial airflow ratio to a suitable range, a relatively ideal dust control effect is achieved.

[0017] Furthermore, both the first air-adjusting duct and the duct storage device in the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device are equipped with trolleys that work in conjunction with lightweight slide rails. Beneficial effect: The trolleys can move the entire adaptive air-adjusting dust control device along the lightweight slide rails under the traction of the traction device.

[0018] Furthermore, the ventilation duct storage device is a telescopic ventilation duct. Beneficial effects: As the working face advances, the distance sensor detects the distance from the axial outlet to the face and feeds it back to the central control device. If the central control device determines that no matter how the axial and radial air adjustment devices are adjusted, the ideal dust control effect cannot be achieved, the traction device will pull the adaptive air adjustment dust control device forward along the newly laid lightweight slide rail. At this time, the compressed ventilation duct in the ventilation duct storage device will slowly extend part of the duct to allow the traction device to move forward. After the ventilation duct storage device is fully extended, a new ventilation duct is installed in the air supply duct, while the ventilation duct storage device is completely compressed.

[0019] Furthermore, the dust removal system includes a compressible air duct and a dust collector. The dust collector includes a dust collector inlet, a dust removal and dehydration section, an exhaust-type axial flow local fan, a noise reduction section, and an air guide section. The dust removal and dehydration section is located before the exhaust-type axial flow local fan.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. The long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust control system for the fast excavation face of the tunneling and anchoring machine disclosed in this invention uses an adaptive air-adjusting dust control device to achieve an air curtain and a fog curtain to achieve a fog curtain. By adopting a dual-curtain air-adjusting and fog-curtain air-adjusting dust control method, dust is controlled within a local space at the face, which improves the stability of dust control. Through the central control system, the dynamic matching of the dust collector's processing air volume and the supply air volume is realized, and the axial and radial air outlet ratio of the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device is dynamically adjusted according to the change of the distance between the axial air outlet and the working face, which improves the intelligence.

[0022] 2. The long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust removal system for the fast excavation face of the tunneling and anchoring machine disclosed in this invention changes the structure of the dust collector, placing the extraction-type axial flow local fan after the dust removal and dehydration section. After the dust-laden air is drawn into the dust collector, it is fully mixed with the atomized water sprayed by the nozzle at the air inlet to form a mixture of dust, water and air. This mixture is transported to the dust removal section of the dust collector under the action of airflow. Under the action of the multi-layer hollow filter device and the spray dust suppression device, the dust and water mixture is intercepted here and settles to the bottom of the filter device under its own gravity, and is discharged through the sewage discharge interlayer and sewage pipe of the filter device. The remaining air-water mixture is carried down to the dehydrator by the airflow. The water mist is captured by the dehydrator and forms water droplets. Under its own gravity, the droplets settle to the bottom of the dehydration tank and are discharged through the drain pipe. Finally, the remaining clean air enters the exhaust axial flow local fan and is discharged from its tail. The modified airborne dust collector can extend its service life by more than two years, thus increasing the operating efficiency of the dust collection system.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0025] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the long-pressure short-extraction ventilation control and dust removal system of the present invention applicable to the fast excavation working face of the tunneling and anchoring machine;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the adaptive air conditioning and dust control device in the long-pressure short-exhaust ventilation and dust control system of the present invention, which is applicable to the fast excavation working face of the tunneling and anchoring machine.

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the dust collector in the long-pressure short-exhaust ventilation control and dust removal system of the present invention, which is applicable to the fast excavation working face of the tunneling and anchoring machine.

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the fog curtain dust control device in the long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust control system of the present invention, which is applicable to the fast excavation working face of the tunneling and anchoring machine.

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the composition and layout of the central control system in the long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust removal system of the integrated tunneling and anchoring machine for fast tunneling faces of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals: 1. Adaptive air conditioning and dust control device; 101. Axial air outlet; 102. Radial air outlet; 11. Lightweight slide rail; 12. Traction device; 13. Trolley; 14. Axial air conditioning motor; 15. Axial air conditioning plate; 16. Radial air conditioning cylinder; 17. Second air conditioning duct; 18. Dust duct storage device; 19. First air conditioning duct; 2. Dust collector; 21. Dust collector inlet; 22. Dust removal and dehydration section; 23. Extraction-type axial flow local ventilation fan; 24. Noise reduction section; 25. Air guide section; 3. Compressible duct; 4. Fog curtain dust control device; 41. Spray block; 42. Shovel plate; 43. Scraper conveyor; 44. Dust-blocking rubber sheet; 45. Spray pipe; 56. Central control system; 57. Central control device; 58. Fan frequency converter; 59. Dust concentration sensor; 50. Gas sensor; 51. Distance sensor; 52. Wind speed sensor; 53. Tunneling and anchoring integrated machine; 6. Air supply duct; 7. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0032] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0033] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] In the embodiments of this patent application, the high-concentration dust generated by the drum cutting of the integrated tunneling and anchoring machine accumulates in the space below its boom. Under the downward pressure of the boom and the guiding action of the boom from front to back, the accumulated dust overflows the shovel plate 42 and diffuses into the rear tunnel through the space between the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 and the tunnel wall, and the space between the two dust-blocking rubber sheets 44. At the same time, some dust diffuses into the rear tunnel along the space of the scraper conveyor 43 under the action of the airflow caused by the high-speed moving scraper. In the tunnel top space, after the high-speed airflow generated by the forced ventilation washes over the working face, the high-concentration dust produced by cutting is directly diffused into the rear tunnel by the return airflow.

[0035] Based on the dust generation and transport patterns in semi-coal and rock rapid tunneling faces, this patent application proposes a long-pressure, short-extraction ventilation and dust control system, as shown in Figures 1-5, suitable for rapid tunneling faces using integrated roadheader and anchor machine. This system mainly consists of three parts: a dust control system, a dust removal system, and a central control system. The dust control system uses a dual-curtain system of "fog curtain" and "air curtain" to control airflow and dust, keeping dust at the face. The dust removal system draws high-concentration dust from the face into the dust collector 2 through a compressible air duct 3, purifies it, and then discharges it into the rear roadway. The dust control system, dust removal system, and forced air supply form the long-pressure, short-extraction ventilation and dust control system. The dust control system includes a fog curtain dust control system installed on the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 at the front end of the tunneling and anchoring machine 6, and an adaptive air-adjusting dust control device 1 fixedly connected to the air supply duct 7. The air curtain created by the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device 1 fixedly connected to the end of the air supply duct 7 controls the dust at the face. The fog curtain created by the fog curtain dust control device 44 installed on the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 works together with the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 to form a physical barrier and enhance the dust control effect. This makes it easy to install the dust removal system for face dust purification on the tunneling and anchoring machine 6.

[0036] The dust control device 4 includes three rows and four columns of spray blocks 41 mounted on the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 of the integrated tunneling and anchoring machine 6, spray pipes 45 arranged horizontally parallel to the tunnel roof, and high-pressure hoses. The spray blocks 41 are connected by high-pressure hoses, and each spray block 41 is equipped with a fan-shaped nozzle with an atomization angle greater than 90°. The space between the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 and the tunnel wall, the space between two dust-blocking rubber sheets 44, and the space above the scraper conveyor 43 form dust diffusion channels, which are also the main pathways for dust diffusion. The distance between the spray blocks 41 and the tunnel wall is less than 1m, and the spacing between the spray blocks 41 on the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 is 1.5m. The liquid film spray from the nozzles completely covers the space between the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 and the tunnel wall, as well as the space between two dust-blocking rubber sheets 44, effectively reducing the dust concentration and blocking the diffusion of dust. The upper part of the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 is equipped with a spray pipe 45 parallel to the tunnel roof. The spray pipe 45 is equipped with a large-angle solid cone nozzle, which facilitates the formation of a top-down mist flow to cover the dust-blocking rubber sheet 44 and the local space at the face, thereby reducing the concentration of dust.

[0037] The dust control of the "air curtain" is mainly achieved by the adaptive air conditioning dust control device 1. The adaptive air conditioning dust control device 1 includes a foldable air duct storage device 18 connected in sequence with the air supply duct 7, a lightweight slide rail 11 installed on the roadway roof anchor net, a traction device 12 installed on the lightweight slide rail 11, a distance sensor 55 installed on the traction device 12, and an axial and radial air conditioning device connected to the traction device 12 and capable of moving along the lightweight slide rail 11.

[0038] The axial and radial air adjustment device includes a first air adjustment duct 19 connected to an air duct storage device 18, a second air adjustment duct 17 sleeved on the outside of the first air adjustment duct 19, an axial air adjustment motor 14 mounted near the traction device 12 on the outside of the first air adjustment duct 19, a radial air adjustment cylinder 16, and an axial air adjustment plate 15 mounted on the inside of the first air adjustment duct 19. The axial air adjustment plate 15 is mechanically connected to the axial air adjustment motor 14. The free end of the radial air adjustment cylinder 16 is fixed to the second air adjustment duct 17, and the fixed end is fixed to the first air adjustment duct 19. The port of the first air adjustment duct 19 on one side of the axial air adjustment plate 15 is an axial air outlet 101, and the port near the second air adjustment duct 17 and located on the outside of the first air adjustment duct 19 is a radial air outlet 102. The total area of ​​the radial air outlet 102 of the first air adjustment duct 19 is equal to the total area of ​​the axial air outlet 101. Both the first air adjustment duct 19 and the second air adjustment duct 17 are rigid air adjustment ducts. In this embodiment, the first air-adjusting duct 19 has four radial air outlets 102. The distance sensor 55 can detect the distance between the air outlet of the duct and the working surface and feed it back to the central control device 51, which is based on a programmable logic controller (PLC). After the central control device 51 judges according to the program, it issues a command to the axial and radial air-adjusting device. The axial air-adjusting motor 14 drives the axial air-adjusting plate 15, which can continuously adjust the angle between the axial air-adjusting plate 15 and the cross-section of the main body of the first air-adjusting duct 19, thereby dynamically adjusting the size of the axial air outlets 101. Under the extension and retraction of the radial air-adjusting cylinder 16, the second air-adjusting duct 17 can be fitted over the outside of the first air-adjusting duct 19, partially blocking the radial air outlets 102 on the outside of the first air-adjusting duct 19, thereby continuously adjusting the size of the radial air outlets 102. By adjusting the sizes of the axial air outlet 101 and the radial air outlet 102, the axial air volume is reduced, minimizing the disturbance of the airflow to the working face. The radial air volume is increased, and the radial airflow, combined with the negative pressure suction of the dust collector 2's suction port, forms a spiral airflow that continuously advances along the roadway axis, thereby controlling the high concentration of dust generated at the working face within the facing area. By adjusting the axial-radial air outlet ratio to a suitable range, a relatively ideal dust control effect is achieved.

[0039] In the adaptive air conditioning and dust control device 1, both the first air conditioning duct 19 and the duct storage device 18 are equipped with trolleys 13 that work in conjunction with the lightweight slide rail 11. The trolleys 13 can move the entire adaptive air conditioning and dust control device 1 along the lightweight slide rail 11 under the traction of the traction device.

[0040] The ventilation duct storage device 18 is a telescopic ventilation duct. As the working face advances, the distance sensor 55 detects the distance from the axial air outlet 101 to the working face and feeds it back to the central control device 51. When the central control device 51 determines that no matter how the axial and radial air adjustment device is adjusted, the ideal dust control effect cannot be achieved, the traction device 12 will pull the adaptive air adjustment dust control device 1 forward along the newly laid lightweight slide rail 11. At this time, the compressed ventilation duct of the ventilation duct storage device 18 will slowly extend part of the ventilation duct to allow the traction device 12 to move forward. After the ventilation duct storage device 18 is fully extended, a new ventilation duct is installed on the air supply duct 7, and at the same time, the ventilation duct storage device 18 is fully compressed.

[0041] The dust removal system sequentially includes a compressible air duct 3 and a dust collector 2, located behind a fog curtain dust control device 4. As shown in Figure 3, the dust collector 2 includes a dust collector inlet 21, a dust removal and dehydration section 22, an exhaust-type axial flow local ventilation fan 23, a noise reduction section 24, and a guide section 25. The dust removal and dehydration section 22 is located before the exhaust-type axial flow local ventilation fan 23. The compressible air duct 3 is mainly composed of a lower steel plate and rubber sheets on both sides. The rubber sheets on both sides are made of flexible material; when the cutting arm of the tunneling and anchoring machine 6 is raised, the rubber sheets on both sides can be compressed without affecting the air duct's sealing performance.

[0042] Dust collector 2 is the core of the dust removal system. Due to the high proportion of rock dust in the semi-coal and rock working face, the traditional dust collector 2, after drawing in polluted air, first passes through the exhaust-type axial flow local ventilation fan 23, then undergoes dust removal and dehydration treatment, and finally discharges the purified air from the tail end. The inhaled polluted air, under the influence of the humid air inside the exhaust-type axial flow local ventilation fan 23, easily clumps on parts such as the fan impeller, affecting the dynamic balance of the fan and causing the fan motor to burn out due to overload, severely shortening the service life of dust collector 2. Field measurements show that the service life of the motor in the traditional structure dust collector 2 is generally around 20 days, seriously affecting the normal operation of the dust removal system. To overcome the impact of rock dust-containing polluted air on the exhaust-type axial flow local ventilation fan 23, this dust collector 2 adjusts the exhaust-type axial flow local ventilation fan 23 to be located after the dust removal and dehydration section 22. After the dust-laden air is drawn into the dust collector 2, it is thoroughly mixed with the atomized water sprayed from the nozzles at the air inlet, forming a mixture of dust, water, and air. The mixture is transported to the dust removal section of dust collector 2 by the airflow. Here, the dust and water mixture is intercepted by a multi-layer hollow fiber filtration device and a spray dust suppression device. Under its own gravity, the mixture settles to the bottom of the filtration device and is discharged through the filter's drain jacket and drain pipe. The remaining air and water mixture is carried downstream by the airflow to the dehydrator. Water mist is captured by the dehydrator and forms water droplets, which settle to the bottom of the dehydration tank under their own gravity and are discharged through the drain pipe. Finally, the remaining clean air enters the exhaust-type axial flow local ventilation fan 23 and is discharged from its tail end. The modified airborne dust collector 2 has a service life that can be extended by more than two years, significantly increasing the operating efficiency of the dust removal system.

[0043] Dust collector 2 can be started in conjunction with the tunneling and anchoring machine 6, or it can be started manually. The central control device 51 can also automatically start when the dust concentration sensor 53 detects a significant change in dust concentration. When the gas sensor 54 detects a high gas concentration that affects production, the dust collector 2 can be automatically shut down. The wind speed sensor 56 detects the wind speed at the working face and feeds it back to the central control device 51 of the central control system 5. The central control device 51 can calculate the air supply volume at the working face and, according to the program, send commands to the frequency converter control circuit of the exhaust-type axial flow local ventilation fan 23, so that the air supply volume at the working face is reasonably matched with the processing air volume of the dust collector, thereby achieving a more ideal dust removal effect.

[0044] The central control system 5 includes a central control device 51, a fan frequency converter 52, a wind speed sensor 56, a gas sensor 54, a distance sensor 55, and a dust concentration sensor 53. The wind speed sensor 56 collects wind speed data from the working face. The programmable logic controller (PLC) of the central control device 51 calculates the air supply volume to the working face according to a set program and dynamically adjusts the processing air volume of the dust collector 2 to match the air supply volume to the working face. The distance sensor 55 collects the distance between the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device 1 and the working face. The PLC of the central control device 51 dynamically adjusts the size of the axial air outlet 101 and the radial air outlet 102 according to a set program, thereby adjusting the axial-radial air outlet ratio and enabling the traction device 12 to move the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device 1 forward. Simultaneously, the dust collector 2 is automatically started or locked based on data collected by the gas sensor 54 and the dust concentration sensor 53.

[0045] In the rapid tunneling face of the semi-coal-rock roadway, at a distance of 5m from the return air side of the integrated tunneling and anchoring machine 6, the measured dust reduction efficiency can reach over 90%, and the dust suppression efficiency can reach over 85%, which significantly improves the working environment of the rapid tunneling face of the integrated tunneling and anchoring machine 6.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-pressure, short-exhaust ventilation and dust control system suitable for the fast-digging working face of a tunneling and anchoring machine, characterized in that, The system includes a dust control system that uses a dual-screen approach of "fog curtain" and "air curtain" to control dust at the face of the tunnel; a dust removal system that draws high-concentration dust from the face into a dust collector via a compressible duct, purifies it, and discharges it into the rear tunnel; and a central control system that intelligently adjusts system parameters. The dust control system includes an adaptive airflow control device at the end of the air supply duct and a fog curtain dust control device on the dust-blocking rubber sheet of the tunneling and anchoring machine. The dust control system uses the airflow control device fixedly connected to the end of the air supply duct to control dust at the face of the tunnel, and the fog curtain dust control device on the dust-blocking rubber sheet of the tunneling and anchoring machine works together with the dust-blocking rubber sheet to form a physical barrier, enhancing the dust control effect. The dust removal system includes a compressible duct and a dust collector located behind the fog curtain dust control device. The central control system includes a central control device, a fan frequency converter, a wind speed sensor, a gas sensor, and a distance sensor. The system includes sensors for dust concentration and wind speed. Wind speed data from the working face is collected by a wind speed sensor. The programmable logic controller (PLC) of the central control unit calculates the air supply to the working face according to a pre-set program and dynamically adjusts the dust collector's processing air volume to match the working face air supply. Distance data between the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device and the working face is collected by a distance sensor. The PLC of the central control unit dynamically adjusts the size of the axial and radial air outlets according to a pre-set program, thereby adjusting the axial and radial air outlet ratio and enabling the traction device to move the adaptive air-adjusting dust control device forward. Simultaneously, the dust collector can be automatically started or locked based on data collected by gas and dust concentration sensors. The fog curtain dust control device includes three rows and four columns of spray blocks mounted on the dust-blocking rubber sheet of the integrated tunneling and anchoring machine, connected by high-pressure hoses. The distance between the spray blocks and the roadway side is less than 1 meter, and the spacing between the spray blocks on the dust-blocking rubber sheet is 1 meter.The 5m spray block uses a fan-shaped nozzle with an atomization angle greater than 90°; the adaptive air conditioning and dust control device includes a foldable air duct storage device connected in sequence with the air supply duct, a lightweight slide rail installed on the roadway roof anchor net, a traction device installed on the lightweight slide rail, a distance sensor installed on the traction device, and an axial-radial air conditioning device connected to the traction device and capable of moving along the lightweight slide rail; the axial-radial air conditioning device includes a first air conditioning duct connected to the air duct storage device, a second air conditioning duct sleeved on the outside of the first air conditioning duct, an axial air conditioning motor installed near the traction device on the outside of the first air conditioning duct, a radial air conditioning cylinder, and an axial air conditioning plate installed on the inside of the first air conditioning duct. The axial air regulating plate is mechanically connected to the axial air regulating motor. The free end of the radial air regulating cylinder is fixed to the second air regulating duct, and the fixed end is fixed to the first air regulating duct. The port of the first air regulating duct on one side of the axial air regulating plate is the axial air outlet, and the port near the second air regulating duct and located outside the first air regulating duct is the radial air outlet. The total area of ​​the radial air outlets of the first air regulating duct is equal to the total area of ​​the axial air outlets. The air duct storage device is a telescopic air duct. The dust removal system includes a compressible air duct and a dust collector. The dust collector includes a dust collector inlet, a dust removal and dehydration section, an exhaust-type axial flow local fan, a noise reduction section, and a guide section. The dust removal and dehydration section is located before the exhaust-type axial flow local fan.

2. The long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust removal system for the fast excavation face of a tunneling and anchoring machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the dust-blocking rubber sheet is equipped with a spray pipe arranged horizontally parallel to the tunnel roof.

3. The long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust removal system for the fast excavation face of the tunneling and anchoring machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The spray pipe is equipped with a large-angle solid conical nozzle.

4. The long-pressure short-extraction ventilation and dust removal system for the fast excavation face of a tunneling and anchoring machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive air conditioning and dust control device is equipped with trolleys that work in conjunction with lightweight slide rails on both the first air conditioning duct and the duct storage device.

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